Shemini (parsha)

Shemini, Sh'mini, or Shmini (— Hebrew for "eighth," the third word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 26th weekly Torah portion (parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Leviticus. ^[1]

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Hiyya, Rava (amora), Red heifer, Reform Judaism, Reuven Hammer, Richard H. Schwartz, Robert A. Oden, Robert Alter, Roberta Kalechofsky, Roman Empire, Rosh Hashanah, Ruth Rabbah, Saadia Gaon, Sadducees, Safed, Salt Lake City, Samson, Samson Raphael Hirsch, Samuel ben Nahman, Samuel David Luzzatto, Saul, Scapegoat, Sciatic nerve, Sefer ha-Chinuch, Sefer Torah, Sephardi Jews, Shabbat, Shabbethai Bass, Shai Held, Shatnez, Shavuot, Sheep, Shekhinah, Shelbyville, Kentucky, Shimon ben Lakish, Shir ha-Shirim Rabbah, Shiva (Judaism), Shmuel Herzfeld, Sifra, Simchat Torah, Simeon bar Yochai, Sistrum, Sofer, Solomon, Solomon ibn Gabirol, Southfield, Michigan, Spain, Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, Stephen E. Robinson, Stockholm, Ta'anit, Tabernacle, Talmud, Tamara Cohn Eskenazi, Tanakh, Tanhuma, Tanhuma bar Abba, Tannaim, Targum Press, Temple in Jerusalem, The Great Courses, The Guide for the Perplexed, Thomas Mann, Throne of God, Timbrel, Toe, Toledo, Spain, Torah reading, Tosefta, Tradition (journal), Triennial cycle, Troyes, Tzaraath, Ukraine, Union for Reform Judaism, University of California, Berkeley, Urim Publications, Uzzah, Uzziel, Venice, Vetus Testamentum, Walter Kaiser Jr., Washington Jewish Week, Waw (letter), Weekly Torah portion, Westminster John Knox, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, William Whiston, Wine, Wing, Winona Lake, Indiana, Woodstock, Vermont, Word of Wisdom, Worm, Yaakov Elman, Yale University Press, Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter, Yetzer hara, Yochanan Zweig, Yohanan ben Zakkai, Yom Kippur, Zohar, Zondervan. Expand index (341 more) » « Shrink index

Aaron

Aaron is a prophet, high priest, and the brother of Moses in the Abrahamic religions (elder brother in the case of Judaism).

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Abaye

Abaye (אַבַּיֵי) was a rabbi of the Jewish Talmud who lived in Babylonia, known as an amora born about the close of the third century; died 339 CE (see Talmudic Academies in Babylonia).

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Abba Arika

Abba Arikha (175–247) (Talmudic Aramaic: אבא אריכא; born: Abba bar Aybo, רב אבא בר איבו) was a Jewish Talmudist who was born and lived in Kafri, Sassanid Babylonia, known as an amora (commentator on the Oral Law) of the 3rd century who established at Sura the systematic study of the rabbinic traditions, which, using the Mishnah as text, led to the compilation of the Talmud.

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Abraham

Abraham (Arabic: إبراهيم Ibrahim), originally Abram, is the common patriarch of the three Abrahamic religions.

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Abraham ibn Ezra

Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra (אַבְרָהָם אִבְּן עֶזְרָא or ראב"ע; ابن عزرا; also known as Abenezra or Aben Ezra, 1089–c.1167) was one of the most distinguished Jewish biblical commentators and philosophers of the Middle Ages.

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Abraham Isaac Kook

Abraham Isaac Kook (Abraham Yitshak ha-Kohen Kuk; 8 September 1865 – 11 September 1935) was an Orthodox rabbi, the first Ashkenazi chief rabbi of British Mandatory Palestine, the founder of Yeshiva Mercaz HaRav Kook (The Central Universal Yeshiva), a Jewish thinker, Halakhist, Kabbalist, and a renowned Torah scholar.

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Acts of the Apostles

Acts of the Apostles (Πράξεις τῶν Ἀποστόλων, Práxeis tôn Apostólōn; Actūs Apostolōrum), often referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire.

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Adam

Adam (ʾĀdam; Adám) is the name used in the opening chapters of the Book of Genesis for the first man created by God, but it is also used in a collective sense as "mankind" and individually as "a human".

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Adar

Adar (אֲדָר; from Akkadian adaru) is the sixth month of the civil year and the twelfth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar, roughly corresponding to the month of March in the Gregorian calendar.

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Adele Berlin

Adele Berlin is a biblical scholar.

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Adin Steinsaltz

Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz (עדין שטיינזלץ) or Adin Even Yisrael (born 1937) is a teacher, philosopher, social critic, and spiritual mentor, who has been hailed by Time magazine as a "once-in-a-millennium scholar".

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Aharon Lichtenstein

Aharon Lichtenstein (May 23, 1933 – April 20, 2015) was a noted Orthodox rabbi and rosh yeshiva.

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Ahio

Ahio - brotherly.

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AJS Review

AJS Review, published on behalf of the Association for Jewish Studies, publishes scholarly articles and book reviews covering the field of Jewish Studies.

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Aleph

Aleph (or alef or alif) is the first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician 'Ālep 𐤀, Hebrew 'Ālef א, Aramaic Ālap 𐡀, Syriac ʾĀlap̄ ܐ, Arabic ا, Urdu ا, and Persian.

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Alexandria

Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.

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Aliyah (Torah)

An aliyah (Hebrew עליה, or aliya and other variant English spellings) is the calling of a member of a Jewish congregation to the bimah for a segment of reading from the Torah.

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Altar

An altar is any structure upon which offerings such as sacrifices are made for religious purposes, and by extension the 'Holy table' of post-reformation Anglican churches.

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Amidah

The Amidah (תפילת העמידה, Tefilat HaAmidah, "The Standing Prayer"), also called the Shmoneh Esreh ("The Eighteen", in reference to the original number of constituent blessings: there are now nineteen), is the central prayer of the Jewish liturgy.

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Amram

In the Book of Exodus, Amram is the husband of Jochebed and father of Aaron, Moses and Miriam.

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Anchor Bible Series

The Anchor Bible project, consisting of a commentary series, Bible dictionary, and reference library, is a scholarly and commercial co-venture begun in 1956, when individual volumes in the commentary series began production.

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Andrea Weiss

Andrea Weiss is an American rabbi, author, and Assistant Professor of Bible at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in New York, where she was ordained in 1993.

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Antiquities of the Jews

Antiquities of the Jews (Ἰουδαϊκὴ ἀρχαιολογία, Ioudaikē archaiologia; Antiquitates Judaicae), also Judean Antiquities (see Ioudaios), is a 20-volume historiographical work composed by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus in the 13th year of the reign of Roman emperor Flavius Domitian which was around AD 93 or 94.

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Archaeology

Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Ark of the Covenant

The Ark of the Covenant, also known as the Ark of the Testimony, is a gold-covered wooden chest with lid cover described in the Book of Exodus as containing the two stone tablets of the Ten Commandments.

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Arthur Green

Arthur Green, whose Hebrew name is אברהם יצחק גרין, born March 21, 1941, is an American scholar of Jewish mysticism and Neo-Hasidic theologian.

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ArtScroll

ArtScroll is an imprint of translations, books and commentaries from an Orthodox Jewish perspective published by Mesorah Publications, Ltd., a publishing company based in Brooklyn, New York.

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Aryeh Kaplan

Aryeh Moshe Eliyahu Kaplan (אריה משה אליהו קפלן.; October 23, 1934 – January 28, 1983) was an American Orthodox rabbi and author known for his knowledge of physics and kabbalah.

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Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or simply Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכְּנַזִּים, Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation:, singular:, Modern Hebrew:; also), are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium.

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Atlanta

Atlanta is the capital city and most populous municipality of the state of Georgia in the United States.

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Baal

Baal,Oxford English Dictionary (1885), "" properly Baʿal, was a title and honorific meaning "lord" in the Northwest Semitic languages spoken in the Levant during antiquity. From its use among people, it came to be applied to gods. Scholars previously associated the theonym with solar cults and with a variety of unrelated patron deities, but inscriptions have shown that the name Baʿal was particularly associated with the storm and fertility god Hadad and his local manifestations. The Hebrew Bible, compiled and curated over a span of centuries, includes early use of the term in reference to God (known to them as Yahweh), generic use in reference to various Levantine deities, and finally pointed application towards Hadad, who was decried as a false god. That use was taken over into Christianity and Islam, sometimes under the opprobrious form Beelzebub in demonology.

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Baale of Judah

Baale of Judah, meaning "lords of Judah" or "citizens of Judah" was a city in the tribe of Judah from which David brought the ark into Jerusalem.

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Babylonia

Babylonia was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq).

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Bahya ben Asher

Bahya ben Asher ibn Halawa, also known as Rabbeinu Behaye (רבינו בחיי, 1340 – 1255), was a rabbi and scholar of Judaism.

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Baltimore

Baltimore is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland, and the 30th-most populous city in the United States.

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Bar Kappara

Shimon Bar Kappara (בר קפרא) was a Jewish rabbi of the late 2nd and early 3rd century CE, during the period between the tannaim and amoraim.

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Bar-Ilan University

Bar-Ilan University (אוניברסיטת בר-אילן Universitat Bar-Ilan) is a public research university in the city of Ramat Gan in the Tel Aviv District, Israel.

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Baraita

Baraita (Aramaic: ברייתא "external" or "outside"; pl. Barayata or Baraitot; also Baraitha, Beraita; Ashkenazi: Beraisa) designates a tradition in the Jewish oral law not incorporated in the Mishnah.

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Bechukotai

Bechukotai, Bechukosai, or B'hukkothai (— Hebrew for "by my decrees," the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 33rd weekly Torah portion (parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the 10th and last in the Book of Leviticus.

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Behar

Behar, BeHar, Be-har, or B'har (— Hebrew for "on the mount," the fifth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 32nd weekly Torah portion (parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the ninth in the Book of Leviticus.

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Ben-Zion Bokser

Ben-Zion Bokser (July 4, 1907 – 1984) was one of the major Conservative rabbis of the United States.

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Bible Review

Bible Review was a magazine that sought to communicate the academic study of the Bible to a broad general audience.

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Bloch Publishing Company

Bloch Publishing Company is the oldest Jewish publishing company,Robert Singerman,, Jewish Book Annual, Vol.

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Book of Leviticus

The Book of Leviticus is the third book of the Torah and of the Old Testament.

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Book of Tobit

The Book of Tobit is a book of scripture that is part of the Catholic and Orthodox biblical canons, pronounced canonical by the Council of Hippo (in 393), Councils of Carthage of 397 and 417, Council of Florence (in 1442) and confirmed for Roman Catholics by the Council of Trent (1546).

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Books of Chronicles

In the Christian Bible, the two Books of Chronicles (commonly referred to as 1 Chronicles and 2 Chronicles, or First Chronicles and Second Chronicles) generally follow the two Books of Kings and precede Ezra–Nehemiah, thus concluding the history-oriented books of the Old Testament, often referred to as the Deuteronomistic history.

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Books of Kings

The two Books of Kings, originally a single book, are the eleventh and twelfth books of the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament.

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Books of Samuel

The Books of Samuel, 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel.

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Bratslav

Bratslav (Брацлав; Bracław; בראָסלעוו, Broslev, today also pronounced Breslev or Breslov as the name of a Hasidic group, which originated from this town) is an urban-type settlement in Ukraine, located in Nemyriv Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, by the Southern Bug river.

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Breslov Research Institute

Breslov Research Institute is a publisher of classic and contemporary Breslov texts in English.

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Brit milah

The brit milah (בְּרִית מִילָה,; Ashkenazi pronunciation:, "covenant of circumcision"; Yiddish pronunciation: bris) is a Jewish religious male circumcision ceremony performed by a mohel ("circumciser") on the eighth day of the infant's life.

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Bronze Age

The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, and in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.

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Brooklyn

Brooklyn is the most populous borough of New York City, with a census-estimated 2,648,771 residents in 2017.

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Burning bush

The burning bush is an object described by the Book of Exodus as being located on Mount Horeb.

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Cairo

Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.

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Calf

A calf (plural, calves) is the young of domestic cattle.

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Cambridge

Cambridge is a university city and the county town of Cambridgeshire, England, on the River Cam approximately north of London.

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Carol A. Newsom

Carol A. Newsom (born July 4, 1950) is an American biblical scholar, historian of ancient Judaism, and literary critic.

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Cattle

Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.

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Central Conference of American Rabbis

The Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), founded in 1889 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, is the principal organization of Reform rabbis in the United States and Canada.

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Chaim ibn Attar

Ḥayyim ben Moshe ibn Attar also known as the Or ha-Ḥayyim after his popular commentary on the Pentateuch, was a Talmudist and kabbalist; born at Meknes, Morocco, in 1696; died in Jerusalem, Ottoman Empire on 7 July 1743.

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Chantilly, Virginia

Chantilly is a census-designated place (CDP) in western Fairfax County, Virginia, United States.

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Chapters and verses of the Bible

The Bible is a compilation of many shorter books written at different times by a variety of authors, and later assembled into the biblical canon.

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Charles Duke Yonge

Charles Duke Yonge (30 November 1812 – 30 November 1891) was an English historian, classicist and cricketer.

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Committee on Jewish Law and Standards

The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards is the central authority on halakha (Jewish law and tradition) within Conservative Judaism; it is one of the most active and widely known committees on the Conservative movement's Rabbinical Assembly.

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Common fig

Ficus carica is an Asian species of flowering plant in the mulberry family, known as the common fig (or just the fig).

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Conservative Judaism

Conservative Judaism (known as Masorti Judaism outside North America) is a major Jewish denomination, which views Jewish Law, or Halakha, as both binding and subject to historical development.

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Crop (anatomy)

A crop (sometimes also called a croup or a craw, or ingluvies) is a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary tract used for the storage of food prior to digestion.

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Cymbal

A cymbal is a common percussion instrument.

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Daniel C. Matt

Daniel Chanan Matt is a scholar of Kabbalah and a professor at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley.

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Dartmouth College

Dartmouth College is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States.

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David

David is described in the Hebrew Bible as the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah.

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David C. Kraemer

David Charles Kraemer is a professor of Talmud and Rabbinics and the Joseph J. and Dora Abbell Librarian at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America.

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David E. Stern

Rabbi David Eli Stern (born August 1961) is the senior rabbi at Temple Emanu-El of Dallas, the largest synagogue in the South/Southwest United States and the third-largest in the Union for Reform Judaism.

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Denver

Denver, officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado.

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Doctrine and Covenants

The Doctrine and Covenants (sometimes abbreviated and cited as D&C or D. and C.) is a part of the open scriptural canon of several denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement.

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Dover Publications

Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward Cirker and his wife, Blanche.

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Ecclesiastes Rabbah

Ecclesiastes Rabbah or Kohelet Rabbah (Hebrew: קהלת רבה) is an haggadic commentary on Ecclesiastes, included in the collection of the Midrash Rabbot.

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Eisenbrauns

Eisenbrauns, an imprint of The Pennsylvania State University Press, is an academic publisher specializing in the ancient Near East and biblical studies.

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Elder (administrative title)

The term Elder or its equivalent in another language, is used in several different countries and organizations to indicate a position of authority.

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Eleazar

Eleazar (pronounced) or Elazar was a priest in the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament), the second Kohen Gadol (High Priest), succeeding his father Aaron after Aaron's death.

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Eleazar ben Azariah

For other people named Eleazer.

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Eleazar ben Shammua

For other people named Eleazer.

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Elie Wiesel

Eliezer "Elie" Wiesel (’Ēlí‘ézer Vízēl; September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-born American Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Laureate, and Holocaust survivor.

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Eliezer ben Hurcanus

Eliezer ben Hurcanus (אליעזר בן הורקנוס), variant spelling, Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, was a kohen, and one of the most prominent Sages (tannaim) of the 1st and 2nd centuries in Judea, disciple of Johanan ben ZakaiThe Fathers, according to Rabbi Nathan 14:5 and colleague of Gamaliel II, whose sister he married (see Ima Shalom), and of Joshua ben Hananiah.

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Eliezer ben Jacob I

Eliezer ben Jacob I (Hebrew: אליעזר בן יעקב) was a Tanna of the 1st century; contemporary of Eleazar b. Ḥisma and Eliezer b. Hyrcanus, and senior of Judah ben Ilai (Pes. 32a, 39b; Yalḳ., Lev. 638).

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Elijah

Elijah (meaning "My God is Yahu/Jah") or latinized form Elias (Ἡλίας, Elías; ܐܸܠܝܼܵܐ, Elyāe; Arabic: إلياس or إليا, Ilyās or Ilyā) was, according to the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible, a prophet and a miracle worker who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of King Ahab (9th century BC).

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Ellen Frankel

Ellen Frankel (born 1951) was the editor-in-chief of the Jewish Publication Society (JPS) from 1991 until 2009, and also served as CEO of the JPS for 10 years.

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Elyse Goldstein

Elyse Goldstein is the first woman to be elected as president of the interdenominational Toronto Board of Rabbis and president of the Reform Rabbis of Greater Toronto.

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Emunoth ve-Deoth

The Book of Beliefs and Opinions (completed 933) is a text written by Saadia Gaon which is the first systematic presentation and philosophic foundation of the dogmas of Judaism.

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Epistle to the Romans

The Epistle to the Romans or Letter to the Romans, often shortened to Romans, is the sixth book in the New Testament.

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Esther Rabbah

Esther Rabbah (Hebrew: אסתר רבה) is the midrash to the Book of Esther in the current Midrash editions.

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Eve

Eve (Ḥawwā’; Syriac: ܚܘܐ) is a figure in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible.

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Exodus Rabbah

Exodus Rabbah (Hebrew: שמות רבה, Shemot Rabbah) is the midrash to Exodus.

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Feldheim Publishers

Feldheim Publishers (or Feldheim) is an American Orthodox Jewish publisher of Torah books and literature.

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Fin

A fin is a thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure.

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Fire

Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.

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First Epistle to the Corinthians

The First Epistle to the Corinthians (Α΄ ᾽Επιστολὴ πρὸς Κορινθίους), usually referred to simply as First Corinthians and often written 1 Corinthians, is one of the Pauline epistles of the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

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Fish

Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.

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Fish scale

The skin of most fishes is covered with scales, which, in many cases, are animal reflectors or produce animal coloration.

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Fowl

Fowl are birds belonging to one of two biological orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl (Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes).

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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G. P. Putnam's Sons

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Galilee

Galilee (הגליל, transliteration HaGalil); (الجليل, translit. al-Jalīl) is a region in northern Israel.

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Gamaliel II

Rabban Gamaliel II (also spelled Gamliel; רבן גמליאל דיבנה) was the first person to lead the Sanhedrin as Nasi after the fall of the second temple, which occurred in 70 CE.

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Gath (city)

Gath, Gat, or Geth (גַּת, wine press; Geth), often referred to as Gath of the Philistines, was one of the five Philistine city-states, established in northwestern Philistia.

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Góra Kalwaria

Góra Kalwaria is a town on the Vistula River in the Mazovian Voivodship, Poland, about southeast of Warsaw.

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Gefen Publishing House

The Gefen Publishing House is an English language publishing firm located in Jerusalem, Israel as well as having a department in New York City.

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Gemara

The Gemara (also transliterated Gemora, Gemarah, or, less commonly, Gemorra; from Hebrew, from the Aramaic verb gamar, study) is the component of the Talmud comprising rabbinical analysis of and commentary on the Mishnah.

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Genesis flood narrative

The Genesis flood narrative is a flood myth found in the Hebrew Bible (chapters 6–9 in the Book of Genesis).

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Genesis Rabbah

Genesis Rabba (Hebrew:, B'reshith Rabba) is a religious text from Judaism's classical period, probably written between 300 and 500 CE with some later additions.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gimel

Gimel is the third letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Gīml, Hebrew ˈGimel ג, Aramaic Gāmal, Syriac Gāmal ܓ, and Arabic ج (in alphabetical order; fifth in spelling order).

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Gizzard

The gizzard, also referred to as the ventriculus, gastric mill, and gigerium, is an organ found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (pterosaurs, crocodiles, alligators, and dinosaurs, including birds), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans.

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Goat

The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.

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God in Judaism

In Judaism, God has been conceived in a variety of ways.

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Golden calf

According to the Bible, the golden calf (עֵגֶּל הַזָהָב ‘ēggel hazāhāv) was an idol (a cult image) made by the Israelites during Moses' absence, when he went up to Mount Sinai.

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Gordon Wenham

Gordon J. Wenham (born 1943) is a British Old Testament scholar and writer.

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Gospel of Mark

The Gospel According to Mark (τὸ κατὰ Μᾶρκον εὐαγγέλιον, to kata Markon euangelion), is one of the four canonical gospels and one of the three synoptic gospels.

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Grand Rapids, Michigan

Grand Rapids is the second-largest city in Michigan, and the largest city in West Michigan.

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Great Assembly

According to Jewish tradition the Great Assembly (כְּנֶסֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה) or Anshei Knesset HaGedolah (אַנְשֵׁי כְּנֶסֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה, "The Men of the Great Assembly"), also known as the Great Synagogue, or Synod, was an assembly of 120 scribes, sages, and prophets, in the period from the end of the Biblical prophets since the early Second Temple period to the early Hellenistic period.

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Gunther Plaut

Wolf Gunther Plaut, (November 1, 1912 – February 8, 2012) was a Reform rabbi and author.

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Haftarah

The haftarah or (in Ashkenazic pronunciation) haftorah (alt. haphtara, Hebrew: הפטרה; "parting," "taking leave", plural haftoros or haftorot is a series of selections from the books of Nevi'im ("Prophets") of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) that is publicly read in synagogue as part of Jewish religious practice. The Haftarah reading follows the Torah reading on each Sabbath and on Jewish festivals and fast days. Typically, the haftarah is thematically linked to the parasha (Torah portion) that precedes it. The haftarah is sung in a chant (known as "trope" in Yiddish or "Cantillation" in English). Related blessings precede and follow the Haftarah reading. The origin of haftarah reading is lost to history, and several theories have been proposed to explain its role in Jewish practice, suggesting it arose in response to the persecution of the Jews under Antiochus Epiphanes which preceded the Maccabean revolt, wherein Torah reading was prohibited,Rabinowitz, Louis. "Haftarah." Encyclopaedia Judaica. Eds. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Vol. 8. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 198-200. 22 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale. or that it was "instituted against the Samaritans, who denied the canonicity of the Prophets (except for Joshua), and later against the Sadducees." Another theory is that it was instituted after some act of persecution or other disaster in which the synagogue Torah scrolls were destroyed or ruined - it was forbidden to read the Torah portion from any but a ritually fit parchment scroll, but there was no such requirement about a reading from Prophets, which was then "substituted as a temporary expedient and then remained." The Talmud mentions that a haftarah was read in the presence of Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, who lived c.70 CE, and that by the time of Rabbah (the 3rd century) there was a "Scroll of Haftarot", which is not further described, and in the Christian New Testament several references suggest this Jewish custom was in place during that era.

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Halizah

Halizah (or Chalitzah; חליצה) is, under the Biblical system of levirate marriage known as Yibbum, the process by which a childless widow and a brother of her deceased husband may avoid the duty to marry.

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Harp

The harp is a stringed musical instrument that has a number of individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard; the strings are plucked with the fingers.

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Harry Freedman (rabbi)

Harry Mordecai Freedman (17 October 1901 – 4 December 1982) was a rabbi, author, translator, and teacher.

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Harvard Theological Review

The Harvard Theological Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1908 and published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Harvard Divinity School.

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Harvey J. Fields

For the American politician from Louisiana, see Harvey Fields. Harvey J. Fields (1935–2014) was an American Reform rabbi.

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Hebrew language

No description.

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Hebrew Union College Annual

The Hebrew Union College Annual is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of Jewish studies.

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Hebrew University of Jerusalem

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים, Ha-Universita ha-Ivrit bi-Yerushalayim; الجامعة العبرية في القدس, Al-Jami'ah al-Ibriyyah fi al-Quds; abbreviated HUJI) is Israel's second oldest university, established in 1918, 30 years before the establishment of the State of Israel.

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Hebron (biblical figure)

According to the Torah, Hebron (Ḥeḇrōn) was a son of Kohath and grandson of Levi, consequently being the brother of Amram and uncle of Aaron, Miriam, and Moses.

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Hermann Cohen

Hermann Cohen (4 July 1842 – 4 April 1918) was a German Jewish philosopher, one of the founders of the Marburg School of Neo-Kantianism, and he is often held to be "probably the most important Jewish philosopher of the nineteenth century".

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Hezekiah ben Manoah

Hezekiah ben Manoah (13th century) or Hezekiah bar Manoah, known as the Chizkuni (חזקוני) was a French rabbi and student.

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High place

"High place", or "high places", (Hebrew במה bamah and plural במות bamot or bamoth) in a biblical context always means "place(s) of worship".

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High Priest of Israel

High priest (כהן גדול kohen gadol; with definite article ha'kohen ha'gadol, the high priest; Aramaic kahana rabba) was the title of the chief religious official of Judaism from the early post-Exilic times until the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE.

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Hiyya the Great

Hiyya or Hiyya the Great (ca. 180–230 CE) (Hebrew: רבי חייא, or רבי חייא הגדול) was a Jewish sage of the Land of Israel during the transitional generation between the Tannaic and Amoraic Jewish sages eras (1st Amora generation).

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Holy of Holies

The Holy of Holies (Tiberian Hebrew: Qṓḏeš HaQŏḏāšîm) is a term in the Hebrew Bible which refers to the inner sanctuary of the Tabernacle where God dwelt.

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Hunting

Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping animals, or pursuing or tracking them with the intent of doing so.

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Incense

Incense is aromatic biotic material which releases fragrant smoke when burned.

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Iron Age

The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age system, preceded by the Stone Age (Neolithic) and the Bronze Age.

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Isaac Abarbanel

Isaac ben Judah Abarbanel (Hebrew: יצחק בן יהודה אברבנאל;&lrm; 1437–1508), commonly referred to as Abarbanel (אַבַּרבְּנְאֵל), also spelled Abravanel, Avravanel or Abrabanel, was a Portuguese Jewish statesman, philosopher, Bible commentator, and financier.

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Isaac ben Moses Arama

Isaac ben Moses Arama (1420 – 1494) was a Spanish rabbi and author.

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Isaiah Gafni

Isaiah Gafni (born 1944) is a historian of Judaism in the Second Temple and Talmudic periods.

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Israel Finkelstein

Israel Finkelstein (ישראל פינקלשטיין, born March 29, 1949) is an Israeli archaeologist and academic.

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Israelis

Israelis (ישראלים Yiśraʾelim, الإسرائيليين al-ʾIsrāʾīliyyin) are citizens or permanent residents of the State of Israel, a multiethnic state populated by people of different ethnic backgrounds.

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Israelites

The Israelites (בני ישראל Bnei Yisra'el) were a confederation of Iron Age Semitic-speaking tribes of the ancient Near East, who inhabited a part of Canaan during the tribal and monarchic periods.

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Istanbul

Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.

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Ithamar

In the Torah, Ithamar was the youngest son of Aaron the High Priest.

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Izhar

According to the Torah, Izhar was the father of Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri, and was a son of Kohath and grandson of Levi, consequently being the brother of Amram and uncle of Aaron, Miriam, and Moses.

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J. David Bleich

Judah David Bleich (born August 24, 1936, Tarrytown, New York) is an authority on Jewish law and ethics, including Jewish medical ethics.

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Jacob

Jacob, later given the name Israel, is regarded as a Patriarch of the Israelites.

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Jacob ben Asher

Jacob ben Asher, also known as Ba'al ha-Turim as well as Rabbi Yaakov ben Raash (Rabbeinu Asher), was probably born in the Holy Roman Empire at Cologne about 1269 and probably died at Toledo, then in the Kingdom of Castile, about 1343.

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Jacob Milgrom

Jacob Milgrom (February 1, 1923 – June 5, 2010) was a prominent American Jewish Bible scholar and Conservative rabbi, best known for his comprehensive Torah commentaries and work on the Dead Sea Scrolls.

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Jacob Neusner

Jacob Neusner (July 28, 1932 – October 8, 2016) was an American academic scholar of Judaism.

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James H. Charlesworth

James Hamilton Charlesworth (born May 30, 1940) is the George L. Collord Professor of New Testament Language and Literature and Director of the Dead Sea Scrolls Project at Princeton Theological Seminary.

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James Kugel

James L. Kugel (Hebrew: Yaakov Kaduri, יעקב כדורי; born August 22, 1945) is Professor Emeritus in the Bible Department at Bar Ilan University in Israel and the Harry M. Starr Professor Emeritus of Classical and Modern Hebrew Literature at Harvard University.

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James Luther Mays

James Luther Mays (July 14, 1921 - October 29, 2015) was an American Old Testament scholar.

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Jason Aronson

Jason Aronson is an American publisher of books in the field of psychotherapy.

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Jeroboam

Jeroboam I (Hebrew: Yārāḇə‘ām; Ierovoám) was the first king of the northern Kingdom of Israel after the revolt of the ten northern Israelite tribes against Rehoboam that put an end to the United Monarchy.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם; القُدس) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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Jerusalem Talmud

The Jerusalem Talmud (תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי, Talmud Yerushalmi, often Yerushalmi for short), also known as the Palestinian Talmud or Talmuda de-Eretz Yisrael (Talmud of the Land of Israel), is a collection of Rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah.

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Jewish eschatology

Jewish eschatology is the area of theology and philosophy concerned with events that will happen in the end of days and related concepts, according to the Hebrew Bible and Jewish thought.

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Jewish Lights Publishing

Jewish Lights Publishing is a publishing company.

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Jewish Publication Society

The Jewish Publication Society (JPS), originally known as the Jewish Publication Society of America, is the oldest nonprofit, nondenominational publisher of Jewish works in English.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Johanan bar Nappaha

Johanan bar Nappaha (יוחנן בר נפחא Yoḥanan bar Nafḥa) (also known simply as Rabbi Johanan, or as Johanan bar Nafcha, "Johanan son blacksmith") (lived 180–279 CE) was a rabbi in the early era of the Talmud.

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John E. Woods

John Edwin Woods is a translator who specializes in translating German literature, since about 1978.

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John H. Walton

John H. Walton (born 1952) is an Old Testament scholar and Professor at Wheaton College.

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Johns Hopkins University Press

The Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.

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Jonathan Haidt

Jonathan David Haidt (born October 19, 1963) is an American social psychologist and Professor of Ethical Leadership at New York University's Stern School of Business.

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Jonathan Sacks

Jonathan Henry Sacks, Baron Sacks, (Hebrew: Yaakov Zvi, יעקב צבי; born 8 March 1948) is a British Orthodox rabbi, philosopher, theologian, author and politician.

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Jose ben Halafta

Jose ben Halafta or Yose ben Halafta (alt. Halpetha) (Hebrew: רבי יוסי בן חלפתא) IPA: /ʁa'bi 'josi ben xa'lafta/, was a Tanna of the fourth generation (2nd century CE).

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Jose the Galilean

Jose the Galilean (Hebrew: יוסי הגלילי, Yose HaGelili), d. 15 Av, was a Jewish sage who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE.

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Joseph and His Brothers

Joseph and His Brothers (Joseph und seine Brüder) is a four-part novel by Thomas Mann, written over the course of 16 years.

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Josephus

Titus Flavius Josephus (Φλάβιος Ἰώσηπος; 37 – 100), born Yosef ben Matityahu (יוסף בן מתתיהו, Yosef ben Matityahu; Ἰώσηπος Ματθίου παῖς), was a first-century Romano-Jewish scholar, historian and hagiographer, who was born in Jerusalem—then part of Roman Judea—to a father of priestly descent and a mother who claimed royal ancestry.

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Joshua ben Hananiah

Joshua ben Hananiah (d. 131 CE) was a leading tanna of the first half-century following the destruction of the Temple.

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Joshua ben Levi

Joshua ben Levi (Yehoshua ben Levi) was a legendary amora, a scholar of the Talmud, who lived in the Land of Israel in the first half of the third century.

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Journal for the Study of the Old Testament

The Journal for the Study of the Old Testament is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of biblical studies.

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Journal of Biblical Literature

The Journal of Biblical Literature (JBL) is one of three academic journals published by the Society of Biblical Literature (SBL).

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Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society

The Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society is a semiannual Orthodox Jewish academic journal published by the Rabbi Jacob Joseph School and edited by Alfred Cohen.

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Journal of the American Oriental Society

The Journal of the American Oriental Society is a quarterly academic journal published by the American Oriental Society since 1843.

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Judah bar Ilai

Judah bar Ilai, also known as Judah ben Ilai, Rabbi Judah (יהודה בר מערבא, translit: Yehuda bar Ma'arava, lit. "Judah of the West"), was a 4th generation tanna of the 2nd Century and son of Rabbi Ilai I. Of the many Judahs in the Talmud, he is the one referred to simply as "Rabbi Judah" and is the most frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah.

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Judah ha-Nasi

Judah ha-Nasi (יהודה הנשיא, Yehudah HaNasi or Judah the Prince) or Judah I, also known as Rabbi or Rabbenu HaQadosh ("our Master, the holy one"), was a second-century rabbi and chief redactor and editor of the Mishnah.

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Judah Halevi

Judah Halevi (also Yehuda Halevi or ha-Levi; יהודה הלוי and Judah ben Shmuel Halevi; يهوذا اللاوي; 1075 – 1141) was a Spanish Jewish physician, poet and philosopher.

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Judaism

Judaism (originally from Hebrew, Yehudah, "Judah"; via Latin and Greek) is the religion of the Jewish people.

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Judith Plaskow

Judith Plaskow (born March 14, 1947 in Brooklyn) is Professor of Religious Studies at Manhattan College.

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Kareth

The Hebrew term kareth ("extirpation"; "cutting off", כרת) is derived from the Hebrew verb karat ("to cut off").

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Kashrut

Kashrut (also kashruth or kashrus) is a set of Jewish religious dietary laws.

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Kehath

According to the Torah, Kehath (קְהָת, Qəhāṯ) or Kohath was one of the sons of Levi and the patriarchal founder of the Kehathites, one of the four main divisions of the Levites in biblical times.

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Keilah

Keilah, meaning Citadel, was a city in the lowlands of Judah.

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Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)

According to the Hebrew Bible, the Kingdom of Israel was one of two successor states to the former United Kingdom of Israel and Judah.

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Kohen

Kohen or cohen (or kohein; כֹּהֵן kohén, "priest", pl. kohaním, "priests") is the Hebrew word for "priest" used colloquially in reference to the Aaronic priesthood.

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Korah

Korah or Kórach (Hebrew: קֹרַח, Standard Qóraḥ Tiberian Qōraḥ; "Baldness; ice; hail; frost", Arabic: قارون Qārūn) is a name which is associated with at least two men in the Hebrew Bible.

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Korban

In Judaism, the korban (קָרְבָּן qārbān), also spelled qorban or corban, is any of a variety of sacrificial offerings described and commanded in the Torah.

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Kraków

Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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Kuzari

The Kuzari, full title The Book of Refutation and Proof in Support of the Abased Religion (كتاب الحجة والدليل في نصرة الدين الذليل), also known as the Book of the Kuzari, (ספר הכוזרי) is one of the most famous works of the medieval Spanish Jewish philosopher and poet Judah Halevi, completed around 1140.

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Lakewood Township, New Jersey

Lakewood Township is a township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States.

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Leipzig

Leipzig is the most populous city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany.

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Leo Strauss

Leo Strauss (September 20, 1899 – October 18, 1973) was a German-American political philosopher and classicist who specialized in classical political philosophy.

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Letter of Aristeas

The Letter of Aristeas or Letter to Philocrates is a Hellenistic work of the 2nd century BCE, assigned by Biblical scholars to the Pseudepigrapha.

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Leviticus Rabbah

Leviticus Rabbah, Vayikrah Rabbah, or Wayiqra Rabbah is a homiletic midrash to the Biblical book of Leviticus (Vayikrah in Hebrew).

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List of minor Old Testament figures, A–K

This list contains persons named in the Bible of minor notability, about whom either nothing or very little is known, aside from any family connections.

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List of minor Old Testament figures, L–Z

This list contains persons named in the Bible of minor notability, about whom either nothing or very little is known, aside from any family connections.

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Locust

Locusts are certain species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae that have a swarming phase.

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Louis Ginzberg

Rabbi Louis Ginzberg (לוי גינצבורג, Levy Gintzburg, November 28, 1873 – November 11, 1953) was a Talmudist and leading figure in the Conservative Movement of Judaism of the twentieth century.

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Louisville, Kentucky

Louisville is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 29th most-populous city in the United States.

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Mahwah, New Jersey

Mahwah is a township in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.

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Maimonides

Moses ben Maimon (Mōšeh bēn-Maymūn; موسى بن ميمون Mūsā bin Maymūn), commonly known as Maimonides (Μαϊμωνίδης Maïmōnídēs; Moses Maimonides), and also referred to by the acronym Rambam (for Rabbeinu Mōšeh bēn Maimun, "Our Rabbi Moses son of Maimon"), was a medieval Sephardic Jewish philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.

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Marblehead, Massachusetts

Marblehead is a coastal New England town in Essex County, Massachusetts.

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Marc Zvi Brettler

Marc Brettler (Marc Zvi Brettler) is an American biblical scholar, and the Bernice and Morton Lerner Professor in Judaic Studies at Duke University.

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Mary Douglas

Dame Mary Douglas, (25 March 1921 – 16 May 2007) was a British anthropologist, known for her writings on human culture and symbolism, whose area of speciality was social anthropology.

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Me'am Lo'ez

Me'am Lo'ez (מעם לועז), initiated by Rabbi Yaakov Culi in 1730, is a widely studied commentary on the Tanakh written in Ladino.

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Messiah in Judaism

The messiah in Judaism is a savior and liberator of the Jewish people.

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Methuselah

Methuselah (מְתוּשֶׁלַח, Methushelah "Man of the dart/spear", or alternatively "his death shall bring judgment") is a biblical patriarch and a figure in Judaism and Christianity.

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Michael Coogan

Michael D. Coogan is lecturer on Hebrew Bible/Old Testament at Harvard Divinity School, Director of Publications for the Harvard Semitic Museum, editor-in-chief of Oxford Biblical Studies Online, and professor emeritus of religious studies at Stonehill College.

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Michael Fishbane

Michael A. Fishbane (born 1943) is an American scholar of Judaism and rabbinic literature.

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Michael Friedländer

Michael Friedländer (April 29, 1833 – December 10, 1910) was an Orientalist and principal of Jews' College, London.

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Michal

Michal (מיכל) was, according to the first Book of Samuel, the younger daughter of Saul, king of Israel, who loved and became the first wife of David, who later became king of Judah, and later still of the united Kingdom of Israel.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Midrash

In Judaism, the midrash (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. מִדְרָשׁ; pl. מִדְרָשִׁים midrashim) is the genre of rabbinic literature which contains early interpretations and commentaries on the Written Torah and Oral Torah (spoken law and sermons), as well as non-legalistic rabbinic literature (aggadah) and occasionally the Jewish religious laws (halakha), which usually form a running commentary on specific passages in the Hebrew Scripture (Tanakh).

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Mincha

Mincha (מִנחַה, pronounced as; sometimes spelled Minchah or Minha) is the afternoon prayer service in Judaism.

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Miriam

Miriam is described in the Hebrew Bible as the daughter of Amram and Yocheved, and the sister of Moses and Aaron.

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Mishnah

The Mishnah or Mishna (מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb shanah, or "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first major written collection of the Jewish oral traditions known as the "Oral Torah".

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Mishneh Torah

The Mishneh Torah (מִשְׁנֵה תּוֹרָה, "Repetition of the Torah"), subtitled Sefer Yad ha-Hazaka (ספר יד החזקה "Book of the Strong Hand"), is a code of Jewish religious law (Halakha) authored by Maimonides (Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, also known as RaMBaM or "Rambam").

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Mitzvah

In its primary meaning, the Hebrew word (meaning "commandment",,, Biblical:; plural, Biblical:; from "command") refers to precepts and commandments commanded by God.

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Monsey, New York

Monsey is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Ramapo, Rockland County, New York, United States, located north of Airmont; east of Viola; south of New Hempstead; and west of Spring Valley.

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Mormonism

Mormonism is the predominant religious tradition of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity started by Joseph Smith in Western New York in the 1820s and 30s.

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Moses

Mosesמֹשֶׁה, Modern Tiberian ISO 259-3; ܡܘܫܐ Mūše; موسى; Mωϋσῆς was a prophet in the Abrahamic religions.

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Moshe Alshich

Moshe Alshich משה אלשיך, also spelled Alshech, (1508–1593), known as the Alshich Hakadosh (the Holy), was a prominent rabbi, preacher, and biblical commentator in the latter part of the 16th century.

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Mount Zion

Mount Zion (הַר צִיּוֹן, Har Tsiyyon; جبل صهيون, Jabal Sahyoun) is a hill in Jerusalem just outside the walls of the Old City.

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Mullet (fish)

The mullets or grey mullets are a family (Mugilidae) of ray-finned fish found worldwide in coastal temperate and tropical waters, and some species in fresh water.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Nachman of Breslov

Nachman of Breslov (נחמן מברסלב), also known as Reb Nachman of Bratslav, Reb Nachman Breslover (רבי נחמן ברעסלאווער), Nachman from Uman (April 4, 1772 – October 16, 1810), was the founder of the Breslov Hasidic movement.

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Nachmanides

Moses ben Nahman (מֹשֶׁה בֶּן־נָחְמָן Mōšeh ben-Nāḥmān, "Moses son of Nahman"; 1194–1270), commonly known as Nachmanides (Ναχμανίδης Nakhmanídēs), and also referred to by the acronym Ramban and by the contemporary nickname Bonastruc ça Porta (literally "Mazel Tov near the Gate", see wikt:ca:astruc), was a leading medieval Jewish scholar, Sephardic rabbi, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator.

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Nadab and Abihu

In the biblical books Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers, Nadab and Abihu were the two eldest sons of Aaron.

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Nadab of Israel

Nadav (נָדָב Nāḏāḇ) was the second king of the northern Israelite Kingdom of Israel.

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Nahshon

In the Hebrew Bible, Nahshon (נַחְשׁוֹן Naḥšōn) was a tribal leader of the Judahites during the wilderness wanderings of the Book of Numbers.

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Nasi (Hebrew title)

() is a Hebrew title meaning "prince" in Biblical Hebrew, "Prince " in Mishnaic Hebrew, or "president" in Modern Hebrew.

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Nathan (prophet)

Nathan (נָתַן Nāṯan; ܢܬܢ fl. c. 1000 BC) is a person in the Hebrew Bible.

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Ne'ila

Ne'ila, (lit. locking) the concluding service, is a special Jewish prayer service that is held only on Yom Kippur.

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New Haven, Connecticut

New Haven is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Connecticut.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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New York University Press

New York University Press (or NYU Press) is a university press that is part of New York University.

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Nisan

Nisan (or Nissan; נִיסָן, Standard Nisan Tiberian Nîsān) on the Assyrian calendar is the first month, and on the Hebrew calendar is the first month of the ecclesiastical year and the seventh month (eighth, in leap year) of the civil year.

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Noah

In Abrahamic religions, Noah was the tenth and last of the pre-Flood Patriarchs.

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Norfolk, Virginia

Norfolk is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.

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Northvale, New Jersey

Northvale is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.

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Numbers Rabbah

Numbers Rabbah (or Bamidbar Rabbah in Hebrew) is a religious text holy to classical Judaism.

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Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno

Ovadia ben Jacob Sforno (Obadja Sforno, Hebrew: עובדיה ספורנו) was an Italian rabbi, Biblical commentator, philosopher and physician.

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Obed-Edom

Obed-Edom (oh'bed ee'duhm) is a biblical name which in Hebrew means "servant of Edom," and which appears in the books of 2 Samuel and 1 and 2 Chronicles.

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Orthodox Judaism

Orthodox Judaism is a collective term for the traditionalist branches of Judaism, which seek to maximally maintain the received Jewish beliefs and observances and which coalesced in opposition to the various challenges of modernity and secularization.

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Oxford

Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Paddan Aram

Paddan Aram or Padan-aram (Aramaic) was an early Aramean kingdom in Mesopotamia.

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Padua

Padua (Padova; Pàdova) is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy.

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People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.

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Pheme Perkins

Pheme Perkins (born 1945 in Louisville, Kentucky) is a Professor of Theology at Boston College, where she has been teaching since 1972.

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Philadelphia

Philadelphia is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863.

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Philo

Philo of Alexandria (Phílōn; Yedidia (Jedediah) HaCohen), also called Philo Judaeus, was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt.

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Phinehas

According to the Hebrew Bible, Phinehas or Phineas was a priest during the Israelites' Exodus journey, the grandson of Aaron and son of Eleazar, the High Priests.

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Pinchas Hacohen Peli

Pinchas Hacohen Peli (1930-1989) was an Israeli modern Orthodox rabbi, essayist, poet, and scholar of Judaism and Jewish philosophy.

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Piotrków Trybunalski

Piotrków Trybunalski (also known by alternative names) is a city in central Poland with 74,694 inhabitants (2016).

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Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer

Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer (Pirke De Rabbi Eliezer, Aramaic: פרקי דרבי אליעזר, or פרקים דרבי אליעזר, Chapters of Rabbi Eliezar) is an aggadic-midrashic work on the Torah containing exegesis and retellings of biblical stories.

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Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

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Priestly Blessing

The Priestly Blessing or priestly benediction, (ברכת כהנים; translit. birkat kohanim), also known in rabbinic literature as raising of the hands (Hebrew nesiat kapayim), or Dukhanen (Yiddish from the Hebrew word dukhan – platform – because the blessing is given from a raised rostrum), is a Hebrew prayer recited by Kohanim - the Hebrew Priests.

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Priestly source

The Priestly source (or simply P) is, according to the documentary hypothesis, one of four sources of the Torah, together with the Jahwist, the Elohist and the Deuteronomist.

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Promised Land

The Promised Land (הארץ המובטחת, translit.: Ha'Aretz HaMuvtahat; أرض الميعاد, translit.: Ard Al-Mi'ad; also known as "The Land of Milk and Honey") is the land which, according to the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible), was promised and subsequently given by God to Abraham and his descendants, and in modern contexts an image and idea related both to the restored Homeland for the Jewish people and to salvation and liberation is more generally understood.

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Providence, Rhode Island

Providence is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island and is one of the oldest cities in the United States.

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Psalms

The Book of Psalms (תְּהִלִּים or, Tehillim, "praises"), commonly referred to simply as Psalms or "the Psalms", is the first book of the Ketuvim ("Writings"), the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament.

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Psaltery

Psaltery 1700 – Venitian school A psaltery (or sawtry) is a stringed instrument of the zither family.

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Psychoactive drug

A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, or psychotropic is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior.

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Rabbi

In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah.

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Rabbi Akiva

Akiba ben Yosef (עקיבא בן יוסף, c. 50–135 CE) also known as Rabbi Akiva, was a tanna of the latter part of the first century and the beginning of the second century (the third tannaitic generation).

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Rabbi Bana'ah

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Rabbi Berekiah

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Rabbi Isaac Nappaha

Rabbi Isaac the smith or Isaac Nappaha (Hebrew rav Yitzhak nappaha, רבי יצחק נפחא) was a second generation Galilean Amora.

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Rabbi Ishmael

Rabbi Yishmael "Ba'al HaBaraita" or Yishmael ben Elisha (90-135 CE, Hebrew: רבי ישמעאל בעל הברייתא) was a Tanna of the 1st and 2nd centuries (third tannaitic generation).

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Rabbi Jonathan

Rabbi Jonathan (Hebrew: רבי יונתן, Rabi Yonatan) was a tanna of the 2nd century and schoolfellow of R. Josiah, apart from whom he is rarely quoted.

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Rabbi Nehemiah

Rabbi Nehemiah was an Israelite mathematician, circa AD 150 (during the Tannaim era, Fourth Generation).

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Rabbi Tarfon

Rabbi Tarfon or Tarphon (רבי טרפון, from the Greek Τρύφων Tryphon), a Kohen, was a member of the third generation of the Mishnah sages, who lived in the period between the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) and the fall of Betar (135 CE).

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Rabbinical Assembly

The Rabbinical Assembly (RA) is the international association of Conservative rabbis.

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Rashbam

Samuel ben Meir (Troyes, c. 1085 – c. 1158) after his death known as "Rashbam", a Hebrew acronym for: RAbbi SHmuel Ben Meir, was a leading French Tosafist and grandson of Shlomo Yitzhaki, "Rashi.".

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Rashi

Shlomo Yitzchaki (רבי שלמה יצחקי; Salomon Isaacides; Salomon de Troyes, 22 February 1040 – 13 July 1105), today generally known by the acronym Rashi (רש"י, RAbbi SHlomo Itzhaki), was a medieval French rabbi and author of a comprehensive commentary on the Talmud and commentary on the ''Tanakh''.

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Rav Huna

Rav Huna (Hebrew: רב הונא) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia, known as an amora of the second generation and head of the Academy of Sura; he was born about 216 and died in 296-297 (608 of the Seleucidan era).

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Rav Papa

Rav Pappa (רַב פַּפָּא) (c. 300 – died 375) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia.

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Rav Yosef b. Hiyya

Rav Yosef b. Hiyya (רב יוסף בר חייא) was a Jewish Amora sage of Babylon of the third generation of the Amoraim.

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Rava (amora)

Abba ben Joseph bar Ḥama (c. 280 – 352 CE), who is exclusively referred to in the Talmud by the name Rava (רבא), was a fourth-generation rabbi (amora) who lived in Mahoza, a suburb of Ctesiphon, the capital of Babylonia.

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Red heifer

The red heifer (פָרָה אֲדֻמָּה; para adumma), also known as the red cow, was a cow brought to the priests as a sacrifice according to the Hebrew Bible, and its ashes were used for the ritual purification of Tum'at HaMet ("the impurity of the dead"), that is, an Israelite who had come into contact with a corpse.

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Reform Judaism

Reform Judaism (also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism) is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of the faith, the superiority of its ethical aspects to the ceremonial ones, and a belief in a continuous revelation not centered on the theophany at Mount Sinai.

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Reuven Hammer

Reuven Hammer (born 1933, Syracuse, New York) is a Conservative rabbi, scholar of Jewish liturgy, author and lecturer.

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Richard H. Schwartz

Richard H. Schwartz (born April 10, 1934) is a professor emeritus of mathematics at the College of Staten Island; President of the Jewish Vegetarians of North America (JVNA); and co-founder and coordinator of the Society of Ethical and Religious Vegetarians (SERV).

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Robert A. Oden

Robert Allen Oden Jr. (born September 11, 1946) was the president of Kenyon College from 1995-2002, and president of Carleton College from July 1, 2002 until June 30, 2010.

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Robert Alter

Robert Bernard Alter (born 1935) is an American professor of Hebrew and comparative literature at the University of California, Berkeley, where he has taught since 1967.

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Roberta Kalechofsky

Roberta Kalechofsky (born May 11, 1931) is an American writer, feminist and animal rights activist, focusing on the issue of animal rights within Judaism and the promotion of vegetarianism within the Jewish community.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Rosh Hashanah

Rosh Hashanah (רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה), literally meaning the "beginning (also head) the year" is the Jewish New Year.

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Ruth Rabbah

Ruth Rabbah (Hebrew: רות רבה) is an haggadic and homiletic interpretation of the Book of Ruth, which, like that of the four other scrolls ("megillot"), is included in the Midrash Rabbot.

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Saadia Gaon

Rabbi Sa'adiah ben Yosef Gaon (سعيد بن يوسف الفيومي / Saʻīd bin Yūsuf al-Fayyūmi, Sa'id ibn Yusuf al-Dilasi, Saadia ben Yosef aluf, Sa'id ben Yusuf ra's al-Kull; רבי סעדיה בן יוסף אלפיומי גאון' or in short:; alternative English Names: Rabeinu Sa'adiah Gaon ("our Rabbi Saadia Gaon"), RaSaG, Saadia b. Joseph, Saadia ben Joseph or Saadia ben Joseph of Faym or Saadia ben Joseph Al-Fayyumi; 882/892 – 942) was a prominent rabbi, Jewish philosopher, and exegete of the Geonic period who was active in the Abbasid Caliphate.

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Sadducees

The Sadducees (Hebrew: Ṣĕḏûqîm) were a sect or group of Jews that was active in Judea during the Second Temple period, starting from the second century BCE through the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE.

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Safed

Safed (צְפַת Tsfat, Ashkenazi: Tzfas, Biblical: Ṣ'fath; صفد, Ṣafad) is a city in the Northern District of Israel.

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Salt Lake City

Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah.

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Samson

Samson (Shimshon, "man of the sun") was the last of the judges of the ancient Israelites mentioned in the Book of Judges in the Hebrew Bible (chapters 13 to 16) and one of the last of the leaders who "judged" Israel before the institution of the monarchy.

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Samson Raphael Hirsch

Samson Raphael Hirsch (June 20, 1808 – December 31, 1888) was a German Orthodox rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism.

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Samuel ben Nahman

Samuel ben Nahman (שמואל בן נחמן) or Samuel Nahmani (שמואל נחמני) was a rabbi of the Talmud, known as an amora, who lived in the Land of Israel from the beginning of the 3rd century until the beginning of the 4th century.

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Samuel David Luzzatto

Samuel David Luzzatto (שמואל דוד לוצאטו) was an Italian Jewish scholar, poet, and a member of the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement.

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Saul

Saul (meaning "asked for, prayed for"; Saul; طالوت, Ṭālūt or شاؤل, Ša'ūl), according to the Hebrew Bible, was the first king of the Kingdom of Israel and Judah.

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Scapegoat

In the Bible, a scapegoat is an animal which is ritually burdened with the sins of others then driven away.

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Sciatic nerve

The sciatic nerve (also called ischiadic nerve, ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve in humans and animals.

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Sefer ha-Chinuch

The Sefer ha-Chinuch (ספר החינוך, "Book of Education"), often simply "the Chinuch" is a work which systematically discusses the 613 commandments of the Torah.

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Sefer Torah

A Sefer Torah (ספר תורה; "Book of Torah" or "Torah scroll"; plural: Sifrei Torah) is a handwritten copy of the Torah, the holiest book in Judaism.

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Sephardi Jews

Sephardi Jews, also known as Sephardic Jews or Sephardim (סְפָרַדִּים, Modern Hebrew: Sefaraddim, Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm; also Ye'hude Sepharad, lit. "The Jews of Spain"), originally from Sepharad, Spain or the Iberian peninsula, are a Jewish ethnic division.

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Shabbat

Shabbat (שַׁבָּת, "rest" or "cessation") or Shabbos (Ashkenazi Hebrew and שבת), or the Sabbath is Judaism's day of rest and seventh day of the week, on which religious Jews, Samaritans and certain Christians (such as Seventh-day Adventists, the 7th Day movement and Seventh Day Baptists) remember the Biblical creation of the heavens and the earth in six days and the Exodus of the Hebrews, and look forward to a future Messianic Age.

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Shabbethai Bass

Shabbethai ben Joseph Bass (1641–1718) (שבתי בן יוסף), born at Kalisz, was the father of Jewish bibliography, and author of the Sifsei Chachamim supercommentary on Rashi's commentary on the Pentateuch.

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Shai Held

Rabbi Dr.

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Shatnez

Shatnez (or shaatnez,; Biblical Hebrew Šaʿatnez Shaatnez.ogg) is cloth containing both wool and linen (linsey-woolsey), which Jewish law, derived from the Torah, prohibits wearing.

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Shavuot

Shavuot or Shovuos, in Ashkenazi usage; Shavuʿoth in Sephardi and Mizrahi Hebrew (שבועות, lit. "Weeks"), is known as the Feast of Weeks in English and as Pentecost (Πεντηκοστή) in Ancient Greek.

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Sheep

Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.

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Shekhinah

The Shekhina(h) (also spelled Shekina(h), Schechina(h), or Shechina(h); שכינה) is the English transliteration of a Hebrew word meaning "dwelling" or "settling" and denotes the dwelling or settling of the divine presence of God.

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Shelbyville, Kentucky

Shelbyville is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Shelby County, Kentucky, United States.

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Shimon ben Lakish

Shim‘on ben Lakish (שמעון בן לקיש; שמעון בר לקיש Shim‘on bar Lakish or bar Lakisha), better known by his nickname Reish Lakish (c. 200 — c. 275), was an amora who lived in the Roman province of Syria Palaestina in the third century.

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Shir ha-Shirim Rabbah

Shir ha-Shirim Rabbah (Hebrew: שיר השירים רבה) is a Haggadic midrash on Song of Songs, quoted by Rashi under the title "Midrash Shir ha-Shirim" (commentary on Cant. iv. 1, viii. 11).

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Shiva (Judaism)

Shiva (שבעה, literally "seven") is the week-long mourning period in Judaism for first-degree relatives.

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Shmuel Herzfeld

Shmuel Herzfeld (born October 9, 1974) is an American Modern Orthodox rabbi.

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Sifra

Sifra (Aramaic: סִפְרָא) is the Halakhic midrash to Leviticus.

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Simchat Torah

Simchat Torah or Simhat Torah (Ashkenazi: Simchas Torah,, lit., "Rejoicing of/ Torah") is a Jewish holiday that celebrates and marks the conclusion of the annual cycle of public Torah readings, and the beginning of a new cycle.

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Simeon bar Yochai

Simeon bar Yochai (Aramaic: רבן שמעון בר יוחאי, Rabban Shimon bar Yoḥai), also known by his acronym Rashbi, was a 2nd-century tannaitic sage in ancient Judea, said to be active after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE.

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Sistrum

A sistrum (plural: sistrums or Latin sistra; from the Greek σεῖστρον seistron of the same meaning; literally "that which is being shaken", from σείειν seiein, "to shake") is a musical instrument of the percussion family, chiefly associated with ancient Iraq and Egypt.

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Sofer

A Sofer, Sopher, Sofer SeTaM, or Sofer ST"M (Heb: "scribe", סופר סת״ם) (female: soferet) is a Jewish scribe who can transcribe sifrei Torah, tefillin, and mezuzot, and other religious writings.

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Solomon

Solomon (שְׁלֹמֹה, Shlomoh), also called Jedidiah (Hebrew Yədidya), was, according to the Hebrew Bible, Quran, Hadith and Hidden Words, a fabulously wealthy and wise king of Israel who succeeded his father, King David. The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE, normally given in alignment with the dates of David's reign. He is described as the third king of the United Monarchy, which would break apart into the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah shortly after his death. Following the split, his patrilineal descendants ruled over Judah alone. According to the Talmud, Solomon is one of the 48 prophets. In the Quran, he is considered a major prophet, and Muslims generally refer to him by the Arabic variant Sulayman, son of David. The Hebrew Bible credits him as the builder of the First Temple in Jerusalem, beginning in the fourth year of his reign, using the vast wealth he had accumulated. He dedicated the temple to Yahweh, the God of Israel. He is portrayed as great in wisdom, wealth and power beyond either of the previous kings of the country, but also as a king who sinned. His sins included idolatry, marrying foreign women and, ultimately, turning away from Yahweh, and they led to the kingdom's being torn in two during the reign of his son Rehoboam. Solomon is the subject of many other later references and legends, most notably in the 1st-century apocryphal work known as the Testament of Solomon. In the New Testament, he is portrayed as a teacher of wisdom excelled by Jesus, and as arrayed in glory, but excelled by "the lilies of the field". In later years, in mostly non-biblical circles, Solomon also came to be known as a magician and an exorcist, with numerous amulets and medallion seals dating from the Hellenistic period invoking his name.

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Solomon ibn Gabirol

Solomon ibn Gabirol (also Solomon ben Judah; שלמה בן יהודה אבן גבירול Shlomo Ben Yehuda ibn Gabirol,; أبو أيوب سليمان بن يحيى بن جبيرول Abu Ayyub Sulayman bin Yahya bin Jabirul) was an 11th-century Andalusian poet and Jewish philosopher with a Neo-Platonic bent.

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Southfield, Michigan

Southfield is a city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey

Springfield Township is a township in Union County, New Jersey, United States.

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Stanford University Press

The Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

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Stanford, California

Stanford is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Clara County, California, United States and is the home of Stanford University.

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Stephen E. Robinson

Stephen Edward Robinson (May 23 1947-June 17 2018) was a religious scholar and apologist, who was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

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Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.

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Ta'anit

A ta'anit, or taanis (in Ashkenaz pronunciation), or taʿanith in Classical Hebrew is a fast in Judaism in which one abstains from all food and drink, including water.

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Tabernacle

The Tabernacle (מִשְׁכַּן, mishkan, "residence" or "dwelling place"), according to the Tanakh, was the portable earthly dwelling place of God amongst the children of Israel from the time of the Exodus from Egypt through the conquering of the land of Canaan.

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Talmud

The Talmud (Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד talmūd "instruction, learning", from a root LMD "teach, study") is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law and theology.

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Tamara Cohn Eskenazi

Tamara Cohn Eskenazi is The Effie Wise Ochs Professor of Biblical Literature and History at the Reform Jewish seminary Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in Los Angeles.

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Tanakh

The Tanakh (or; also Tenakh, Tenak, Tanach), also called the Mikra or Hebrew Bible, is the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is also a textual source for the Christian Old Testament.

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Tanhuma

Midrash Tanhuma (מדרש תנחומא) is the name given to three different collections of Pentateuch aggadot; two are extant, while the third is known only through citations.

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Tanhuma bar Abba

Tanhuma bar Abba (Hebrew: תנחומא בר אבא) was a Jewish amora of the 5th generation, one of the foremost haggadists of his time.

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Tannaim

Tannaim (תנאים, singular תנא, Tanna "repeaters", "teachers") were the Rabbinic sages whose views are recorded in the Mishnah, from approximately 10-220 CE.

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Targum Press

Targum Press is an Orthodox Jewish English-language publishing company based in Jerusalem.

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Temple in Jerusalem

The Temple in Jerusalem was any of a series of structures which were located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, the current site of the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque.

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The Great Courses

The Great Courses (TGC) is a series of college-level audio and video courses produced and distributed by The Teaching Company, an American company based in Chantilly, Virginia.

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The Guide for the Perplexed

The Guide for the Perplexed (מורה נבוכים, Moreh Nevukhim; دلالة الحائرين, dalālat al-ḥā’irīn, דלאל̈ת אלחאירין) is one of the three major works of Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, primarily known either as Maimonides or RAMBAM (רמב"ם).

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Thomas Mann

Paul Thomas Mann (6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate.

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Throne of God

The Throne of God is the reigning centre of God in the Abrahamic religions: primarily Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

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Timbrel

The timbrel or tabret (also known as the tof of the ancient Hebrews, the deff of Islam, the adufe of the Moors of Spain) was the principal percussion instrument of the ancient Israelites.

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Toe

Toes are the digits of the foot of a tetrapod.

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Toledo, Spain

Toledo is a city and municipality located in central Spain; it is the capital of the province of Toledo and the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha.

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Torah reading

Torah reading is a Jewish religious tradition that involves the public reading of a set of passages from a Torah scroll.

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Tosefta

The Tosefta (Talmudic Aramaic: תוספתא, "supplement, addition") is a compilation of the Jewish oral law from the late 2nd century, the period of the Mishnah.

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Tradition (journal)

Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought is a quarterly Orthodox Jewish academic journal published by the Rabbinical Council of America in association with Yeshiva University in New York City.

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Triennial cycle

The Triennial cycle of Torah reading may refer either a) to the historical practice in ancient Israel by which the entire Torah was read in serial fashion over a three-year period, or b) to the practice adopted by many Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist and Renewal congregations starting in the 19th and 20th Century, in which the traditional weekly Torah portions were divided into thirds, and in which one third of each weekly "parashah" of the annual system is read during the appropriate week of the calendar. There are 54 parashot in the annual cycle, and 141, 154, or 167 parashot in the triennial cycle as practiced in ancient Israel, as evidenced by scriptural references and fragments of recovered text. By the Middle Ages, the annual reading cycle was predominant, although the triennial cycle was still extant at the time, as noted by Jewish figures of the period, such as Benjamin of Tudela and Maimonides. Dating from Maimonides' codification of the parashot in his work Mishneh Torah in the 12th Century CE through the 19th Century, the majority of Jewish communities adhered to the annual cycle. In the 19th and 20th Centuries, many synagogues in the Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist and Renewal Jewish movements adopted a triennial system in order to shorten the weekly services and allow additional time for sermons, study, or discussion.

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Troyes

Troyes is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in north-central France.

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Tzaraath

The Hebrew noun tzaraath (Hebrew צרעת, Romanized Tiberian Hebrew ṣāraʻaṯ and numerous variants of English transliteration, including saraath, tzaraas, tzaraat, tsaraas and tsaraat) describes disfigurative conditions of the skin, hair of the beard and head, clothing made of linen or wool, or stones of homes located in the land of Israel.

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Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

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Union for Reform Judaism

The Union for Reform Judaism (until 2003: Union of American Hebrew Congregations), is the congregational arm of Reform Judaism in North America, founded in 1873 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise.

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University of California, Berkeley

The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.

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Urim Publications

Urim Publications, an independent publisher of Jewish interest books, is based in Jerusalem, Israel with an outlet in Brooklyn, New York.

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Uzzah

According to the Tanakh, Uzzah or Uzza, meaning strength, was an Israelite whose death is associated with touching the Ark of the Covenant.

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Uzziel

According to the Torah, Uzziel (עֻזִּיאֵל, ʿUzzîʾēl; meaning El is my strength or God is my strength) was the father of Mishael, Elzaphan, and Zithri, and was a son of Kohath and grandson of Levi, consequently being the brother of Amram and uncle of Aaron, Miriam, and Moses.

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Venice

Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.

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Vetus Testamentum

Vetus Testamentum is a quarterly academic journal covering various aspects of the Old Testament.

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Walter Kaiser Jr.

Walter C. Kaiser Jr. (born April 11, 1933) is an American evangelical Old Testament scholar, writer, public speaker, and educator.

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Washington Jewish Week

Washington Jewish Week (WJW) is an independent community weekly newspaper whose logo reads, "Serving the nation's capital and the greater Washington Jewish community since 1930.", retrieved March 3, 2011.

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Waw (letter)

Waw/Vav ("hook") is the sixth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician wāw, Aramaic waw, Hebrew vav, Syriac waw ܘ and Arabic wāw و (sixth in abjadi order; 27th in modern Arabic order).

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Weekly Torah portion

The weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשַׁת הַשָּׁבוּעַ Parashat ha-Shavua), popularly just parashah (or parshah or parsha) and also known as a Sidra (or Sedra) is a section of the Torah (Five Books of Moses) used in Jewish liturgy during a single week.

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Westminster John Knox

Westminster John Knox is a book publisher in Louisville, Kentucky and is part of Presbyterian Publishing Corporation, the publishing arm of the Louisville, Kentucky-based Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Their publishing focus is on books in.

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William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company

Wm.

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William Whiston

William Whiston (9 December 1667 – 22 August 1752) was an English theologian, historian, and mathematician, a leading figure in the popularisation of the ideas of Isaac Newton.

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Wine

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.

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Wing

A wing is a type of fin that produces lift, while moving through air or some other fluid.

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Winona Lake, Indiana

Winona Lake is a town in Wayne Township, Kosciusko County, in the U.S. state of Indiana, and the major suburb of Warsaw.

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Woodstock, Vermont

Woodstock is the shire town (county seat) of Windsor County, Vermont, United States.

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Word of Wisdom

The "Word of Wisdom" is the common name of a section of the Doctrine and Covenants, a book considered by many churches within the Latter Day Saint movement to consist of revelations from God.

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Worm

Worms are many different distantly related animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body and no limbs.

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Yaakov Elman

Yaakov Elman (born 1943) is a professor of Talmud at Yeshiva University's Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies where he holds the Herbert S. and Naomi Denenberg Chair in Talmudic Studies.

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is a university press associated with Yale University.

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Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter

Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter (Hebrew, 15 April 1847 – 11 January 1905), also known by the title of his main work, the Sfas Emes (Ashkenazic Pronunciation) or Sefat Emet (Modern Hebrew), was a Hasidic rabbi who succeeded his grandfather, Rabbi Yitzchak Meir Alter, as the Av beis din (head of the rabbinical court) and Rav of Góra Kalwaria, Poland (known in Yiddish as the town of Ger), and succeeded Rabbi Chanokh Heynekh HaKohen Levin of Aleksander as Rebbe of the Gerrer Hasidim.

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Yetzer hara

In Judaism, yetzer hara (יֵצֶר הַרַע, for the definite "the evil inclination"), or yetzer ra (יֵצֶר רַע, for the indefinite "an evil inclination") refers to the congenital inclination to do evil, by violating the will of God.

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Yochanan Zweig

Rabbi Yochanan Zweig is the Rosh Yeshiva of Talmudic University of Florida/Yeshiva and Kollel Beis Moshe Chaim of Miami Beach.

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Yohanan ben Zakkai

Yohanan ben Zakkai (יוחנן בן זכאי, 30 – 90 CE), sometimes abbreviated as Ribaz for Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai, was one of the Tannaim, an important Jewish sage in the era of the Second Temple, and a primary contributor to the core text of Rabbinical Judaism, the Mishnah.

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Yom Kippur

Yom Kippur (יוֹם כִּיפּוּר,, or), also known as the Day of Atonement, is the holiest day of the year in Judaism.

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Zohar

The Zohar (זֹהַר, lit. "Splendor" or "Radiance") is the foundational work in the literature of Jewish mystical thought known as Kabbalah.

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Zondervan

Zondervan is an international Christian media and publishing company located in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

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Redirects here:

Sh'mini, Shmini, Sh’mini.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shemini_(parsha)

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