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245 relations: Ab Urbe Condita Libri, Acts of the Apostles, Aegadian Islands, Aeolian Islands, Africa (Roman province), Agatha of Sicily, Agathocles of Syracuse, Ager publicus, Agrigento, Akrai, Alaric I, Anchorite, Ancient Carthage, Ancient Greek, Ancient history, Ancient theatre of Taormina, Appian, Apuleius, Arcadius, Archdiocese of Carthage, Archimedes, Aristocles of Messene, Augustan History, Augustus, Basilian monks, Battle of Actium, Battle of Cannae, Battle of Naulochus, Battle of the Aegates, Battle of Tyndaris, Belisarius, Byzantine Rite, Caecilius of Calacte, Caesar's Civil War, Campania, Cassius Dio, Catacombs, Catania, Cato the Younger, Cenobitic monasticism, Centuriate Assembly, Centuripe, Christina of Bolsena, Church History (Eusebius), Cicero, Colonia (Roman), Comitium, Conradin, Constans II, Constantine the Great, ..., Consularis, Corrector, Cura Annonae, Cyprian, Dalmatia, Decian persecution, Decius, Delphi, Diocletian, Diocletianic Persecution, Diodorus Siculus, Dionysius I of Syracuse, Drepana, Edict of Milan, Elymian language, Enna, Eryx, Eunus, Euplius of Catania, Euryalus fortress, Eusebius, Eutropius (historian), Filippo Coarelli, First Punic War, First Servile War, Gaeta, Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 BC), Gaius Atilius Regulus Serranus, Gaius Flaminius, Gaius Julius Solinus, Gaius Marius, Gallienus, Genseric, Giardini Naxos, Gnaeus Papirius Carbo, Greek art, Hagiography, Hamilcar Barca, Hannibal, Hasdrubal, Hebrew language, Helorus, Hiero II of Syracuse, Hieronymus of Syracuse, Hilarion, History of Sicily, Imperium, In Verrem, Ispica, Italy, J. Paul Getty Museum, Julius Caesar, Julius Firmicus Maternus, Kamarina, Sicily, Lanuvium, Lapsi (Christianity), Latifundium, Latin, Latin liturgical rites, Legatus, Lentini, Lex Hieronica, List of Roman civil wars and revolts, Livy, Louvre, Lucius Caecilius Metellus (consul 68 BC), Lucius Cincius Alimentus, Lucius Clodius Macer, Lucius Manlius Acidinus, Lucius Valerius Flaccus (consul 261 BC), Malta, Mamertines, Manius Aquillius (consul 101 BC), Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla, Marcellinus (magister militum), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir), Marcus Antonius (orator), Marcus Claudius Marcellus, Marcus Valerius Laevinus, Marcus Valerius Messalla (consul 188 BC), Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Mark Antony, Marsala, Marseille, Megara Hyblaea, Melania the Younger, Messina, Michael Crawford, Michael Crawford (historian), Migration Period, Milazzo, Miseno, Monasticism, Morgantina, Moses Finley, Municipium, Natural History (Pliny), Netum, Nicomachus Flavianus (son), Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture, Numidia, Nymphaeum, Odoacer, Olivia of Palermo, Olympic Games, Orosius, Ostia Antica, Pachino, Pact of Misenum, Palermo, Pantaenus, Pantelleria, Paul the Apostle, Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, Pertinax, Philinus of Agrigentum, Plain of Catania, Pliny the Elder, Plutarch, Poll tax, Polybius, Pompey, Praefectus urbi, Praetor, Proscription, Province, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Ptolemy, Publius Clodius Pulcher, Publius Rupilius, Punic language, Quaestor, Quintus Fabius Pictor, Quintus Salvidienus Rufus, Reggio Calabria, Ricimer, Roman amphitheatre of Syracuse, Roman army, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Catania, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Siracusa, Roman citizenship, Roman Empire, Roman province, Roman Republic, Rome, Romulus Augustulus, Rubicon, Rule of Saint Benedict, Sack of Rome (410), Saint Lucy, Saint Rosalia, Salvius Tryphon, Sardinia and Corsica, Sciacca, Scipio Aemilianus, Second Punic War, Second Servile War, Second Triumvirate, Segesta, Selinunte, Servile Wars, Sextus Pompey, Sicani, Sicels, Sidonius Apollinaris, Siege of Syracuse (214–212 BC), Sister city, Socii, Stesichorus, Strabo, Strait of Messina, Sulla, Sulla's second civil war, Sundial, Synod, Synod of Arles, Syracuse, Sicily, Talent (measurement), Taormina, Termini Imerese, Theodosius II, Tindari, Titus Calpurnius Siculus, Titus Otacilius Crassus, Trapani, Ustica, Vandals, Verres, Vespasian, Villa Romana del Casale, Villa Romana del Tellaro, Villa Romana di Patti, Visigoths, Western Roman Empire, Works attributed to Florus. Expand index (195 more) »
Ab Urbe Condita Libri
Livy's History of Rome, sometimes referred to as Ab Urbe Condita, is a monumental history of ancient Rome, written in Latin, between 27 and 9 BC.
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Acts of the Apostles
Acts of the Apostles (Πράξεις τῶν Ἀποστόλων, Práxeis tôn Apostólōn; Actūs Apostolōrum), often referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire.
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Aegadian Islands
The Aegadian Islands (Isole Egadi; Sicilian: Ìsuli Ègadi, Aegates Insulae, Αιγάται Νήσοι, meaning "the islands of goats") are a group of five small mountainous islands in the Mediterranean Sea off the northwest coast of Sicily, Italy, near the cities of Trapani and Marsala, with a total area of.
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Aeolian Islands
The Aeolian Islands (Isole Eolie,, Ìsuli Eoli, Αιολίδες Νήσοι, Aiolides Nisoi) are a volcanic archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea north of Sicily, named after the demigod of the winds Aeolus.
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Africa (Roman province)
Africa Proconsularis was a Roman province on the north African coast that was established in 146 BC following the defeat of Carthage in the Third Punic War.
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Agatha of Sicily
Saint Agatha of Sicily (c. 231 – c. 251 AD) is a Christian saint and virgin martyr.
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Agathocles of Syracuse
Agathocles (Ἀγαθοκλῆς, Agathoklḗs; 361–289 BC) was a Greek tyrant of Syracuse (317–289 BC) and king of Sicily (304–289 BC).
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Ager publicus
The ager publicus (public land) is the Latin name for the public land of Ancient Rome.
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Agrigento
Agrigento (Sicilian: Girgenti or Giurgenti) is a city on the southern coast of Sicily, Italy and capital of the province of Agrigento.
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Akrai
Akrai was a Greek colony founded in Sicily by the Syracusans in 663 BC.
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Alaric I
Alaric I (*Alareiks, "ruler of all"; Alaricus; 370 (or 375)410 AD) was the first King of the Visigoths from 395–410, son (or paternal grandson) of chieftain Rothestes.
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Anchorite
An anchorite or anchoret (female: anchoress; adj. anchoritic; from ἀναχωρητής, anachōrētḗs, "one who has retired from the world", from the verb ἀναχωρέω, anachōréō, signifying "to withdraw", "to retire") is someone who, for religious reasons, withdraws from secular society so as to be able to lead an intensely prayer-oriented, ascetic, or Eucharist-focused life.
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Ancient Carthage
Carthage (from Carthago; Punic:, Qart-ḥadašt, "New City") was the Phoenician state, including, during the 7th–3rd centuries BC, its wider sphere of influence, known as the Carthaginian Empire.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Ancient history
Ancient history is the aggregate of past events, "History" from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the post-classical history.
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Ancient theatre of Taormina
The Ancient theatre of Taormina ("Teatro antico di Taormina" in Italian) is an ancient Greek theatre in Taormina, southern Italy, built in the third century BC.
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Appian
Appian of Alexandria (Ἀππιανὸς Ἀλεξανδρεύς Appianòs Alexandreús; Appianus Alexandrinus) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who flourished during the reigns of Emperors of Rome Trajan, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius.
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Apuleius
Apuleius (also called Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis; c. 124 – c. 170 AD) was a Latin-language prose writer, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician.
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Arcadius
Arcadius (Flavius Arcadius Augustus; Ἀρκάδιος; 1 January 377 – 1 May 408) was Eastern Roman Emperor from 395 to 408.
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Archdiocese of Carthage
The episcopal see of Carthage, the city restored to importance by Julius Caesar and Augustus, in which Christianity was firmly established by the 2nd century, was the most important in the whole of Roman Africa and continued as a residential see even after it had fallen to the Muslim conquest, until the start of the second millennium.
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Archimedes
Archimedes of Syracuse (Ἀρχιμήδης) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer.
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Aristocles of Messene
Aristocles of Messene (Ἀριστοκλῆς ὁ Μεσσήνιος), in Sicily,Suda, Aristokles was a Peripatetic philosopher, who probably lived in the 1st century AD.
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Augustan History
The Augustan History (Latin: Historia Augusta) is a late Roman collection of biographies, written in Latin, of the Roman Emperors, their junior colleagues, designated heirs and usurpers of the period 117 to 284.
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Augustus
Augustus (Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was a Roman statesman and military leader who was the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.
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Basilian monks
Basilian monks are monks who follow the rule of Saint Basil the Great, bishop of Caesarea (330–379).
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Battle of Actium
The Battle of Actium was the decisive confrontation of the Final War of the Roman Republic, a naval engagement between Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra on 2 September 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea near the promontory of Actium, in the Roman province of Epirus Vetus in Greece.
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Battle of Cannae
The Battle of Cannae was a major battle of the Second Punic War that took place on 2 August 216 BC in Apulia, in southeast Italy.
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Battle of Naulochus
The naval Battle of Naulochus (Battaglia di Nauloco) was fought on 3 September 36 BC between the fleets of Sextus Pompeius and Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, off Naulochus, Sicily.
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Battle of the Aegates
The Battle of the Aegates (Italian Battaglia delle Isole Egadi) was fought off the Aegadian Islands, off the western coast of the island of Sicily on 10 March 241 BC.
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Battle of Tyndaris
The Battle of Tyndaris was a naval battle of the First Punic War that took place off Tyndaris (modern Tindari) in 257 BC.
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Belisarius
Flavius Belisarius (Φλάβιος Βελισάριος, c. 505 – 565) was a general of the Byzantine Empire.
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Byzantine Rite
The Byzantine Rite, also known as the Greek Rite or Constantinopolitan Rite, is the liturgical rite used by the Eastern Orthodox Church as well as by certain Eastern Catholic Churches; also, parts of it are employed by, as detailed below, other denominations.
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Caecilius of Calacte
Caecilius, of Calacte in Sicily, Greek rhetorician, flourished at Rome during the reign of Augustus.
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Caesar's Civil War
The Great Roman Civil War (49–45 BC), also known as Caesar's Civil War, was one of the last politico-military conflicts in the Roman Republic before the establishment of the Roman Empire.
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Campania
Campania is a region in Southern Italy.
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Cassius Dio
Cassius Dio or Dio Cassius (c. 155 – c. 235) was a Roman statesman and historian of Greek origin.
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Catacombs
Catacombs are human-made subterranean passageways for religious practice.
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Catania
Catania is the second largest city of Sicily after Palermo located on the east coast facing the Ionian Sea.
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Cato the Younger
Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis (95 BC – April 46 BC), commonly known as Cato the Younger (Cato Minor) to distinguish him from his great-grandfather (Cato the Elder), was a statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy.
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Cenobitic monasticism
Cenobitic (or coenobitic) monasticism is a monastic tradition that stresses community life.
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Centuriate Assembly
The Centuriate Assembly (Latin: comitia centuriata) of the Roman Republic was one of the three voting assemblies in the Roman constitution.
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Centuripe
Centuripe (Latin: Centuripae; Sicilian: Centorbi) is a town and comune in the province of Enna (Sicily, southern Italy).
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Christina of Bolsena
Saint Christina of Bolsena, also known as Christina of Tyre, or in the Eastern Orthodox Church as Christina the Great Martyr, is venerated as a Christian martyr of the 3rd century.
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Church History (Eusebius)
The Church History (Ἐκκλησιαστικὴ ἱστορία; Historia Ecclesiastica or Historia Ecclesiae) of Eusebius, the bishop of Caesarea was a 4th-century pioneer work giving a chronological account of the development of Early Christianity from the 1st century to the 4th century.
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Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, orator, lawyer and philosopher, who served as consul in the year 63 BC.
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Colonia (Roman)
A Roman colonia (plural coloniae) was originally a Roman outpost established in conquered territory to secure it.
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Comitium
The Comitium (Comizio) was the original open-air public meeting space of Ancient Rome, and had major religious and prophetic significance.
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Conradin
Conrad (25 March 1252 – 29 October 1268), called the Younger or the Boy, but usually known by the diminutive Conradin (Konradin, Corradino), was the Duke of Swabia (1254–1268, as Conrad IV), King of Jerusalem (1254–1268, as Conrad III), and King of Sicily (1254–1258, de jure until 1268, as Conrad II).
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Constans II
Constans II (Κώνστας Β', Kōnstas II; Heraclius Constantinus Augustus or Flavius Constantinus Augustus; 7 November 630 – 15 September 668), also called Constantine the Bearded (Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Πωγωνάτος Kōnstantinos ho Pogonatos), was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 641 to 668.
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Constantine the Great
Constantine the Great (Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus; Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας; 27 February 272 ADBirth dates vary but most modern historians use 272". Lenski, "Reign of Constantine" (CC), 59. – 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine, was a Roman Emperor of Illyrian and Greek origin from 306 to 337 AD.
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Consularis
Consularis is a Latin adjective indicating something pertaining to the consular office.
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Corrector
A corrector (English plural correctors, Latin plural correctores) is a person or object practicing correction, usually by removing or rectifying errors.
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Cura Annonae
In ancient Rome, the Romans used the term Cura Annonae ("care for the grain supply"), in honour of their goddess Annona and the grain dole was distributed from the Temple of Ceres.
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Cyprian
Saint Cyprian (Thaschus Cæcilius Cyprianus; 200 – September 14, 258 AD) was bishop of Carthage and a notable Early Christian writer of Berber descent, many of whose Latin works are extant.
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Dalmatia
Dalmatia (Dalmacija; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia and Istria.
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Decian persecution
The Decian persecution resulted from an edict issued in 250 by the Emperor Decius ordering everyone in the Roman Empire (except for Jews, who were exempted) to perform a sacrifice to the Roman gods and the well-being of the Emperor.
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Decius
Trajan Decius (Caesar Gaius Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius Augustus; c. 201June 251) was Roman Emperor from 249 to 251.
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Delphi
Delphi is famous as the ancient sanctuary that grew rich as the seat of Pythia, the oracle who was consulted about important decisions throughout the ancient classical world.
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Diocletian
Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus), born Diocles (22 December 244–3 December 311), was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305.
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Diocletianic Persecution
The Diocletianic or Great Persecution was the last and most severe persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
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Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus (Διόδωρος Σικελιώτης Diodoros Sikeliotes) (1st century BC) or Diodorus of Sicily was a Greek historian.
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Dionysius I of Syracuse
Dionysius I or Dionysius the Elder (Διονύσιος ὁ Πρεσβύτερος; c. 432367 BC) was a Greek tyrant of Syracuse, in what is now Sicily, southern Italy.
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Drepana
Drepana (Latin: Drepanum; Greek: Drepanon, sing., Drepana, pl.), a harbour-town on the west-coast of Sicily, was the site of a crushing Roman defeat by the Carthaginians, in 249 BC.
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Edict of Milan
The Edict of Milan (Edictum Mediolanense) was the February 313 AD agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire.
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Elymian language
Elymian is the extinct language of the ancient Elymian people of western Sicily.
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Enna
Enna (Sicilian: Castrugiuvanni; Greek: Ἔννα; Latin: Henna and less frequently Haenna) is a city and comune located roughly at the center of Sicily, southern Italy, in the province of Enna, towering above the surrounding countryside.
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Eryx
In Greek mythology, Eryx was a king of the city of Eryx in Sicily.
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Eunus
Eunus (died 132 BC) was a Roman slave from Apamea in Syria who became the leader of the slave uprising in the First Servile War (135 BC–132 BC) in the Roman province of Sicily.
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Euplius of Catania
Saint Euplius (Euplus) (Sant' Euplo, Sant' Euplio, ἅγιος Εὖπλος) (d. ca. AD 304) is venerated as a martyr and saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church.
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Euryalus fortress
The Euryalus Fortress located in the frazione of Belvedere, was the key point in the fortifications of the ancient Greek city of Syracuse.
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Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας, Eusébios tés Kaisareías; 260/265 – 339/340), also known as Eusebius Pamphili (from the Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμϕίλου), was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist. He became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima about 314 AD. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon and is regarded as an extremely learned Christian of his time. He wrote Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel, and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the Biblical text. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. During the Council of Antiochia (325) he was excommunicated for subscribing to the heresy of Arius, and thus withdrawn during the First Council of Nicaea where he accepted that the Homoousion referred to the Logos. Never recognized as a Saint, he became counselor of Constantine the Great, and with the bishop of Nicomedia he continued to polemicize against Saint Athanasius of Alexandria, Church Fathers, since he was condemned in the First Council of Tyre in 335.
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Eutropius (historian)
Flavius Eutropius was an Ancient Roman historian who flourished in the latter half of the 4th century AD.
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Filippo Coarelli
Filippo Coarelli (born 1936) is an Italian archaeologist, Professor of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the University of Perugia.
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First Punic War
The First Punic War (264 to 241 BC) was the first of three wars fought between Ancient Carthage and the Roman Republic, the two great powers of the Western Mediterranean.
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First Servile War
The First Servile War of 135–132 BC was an unsuccessful slave rebellion against the Roman Republic.
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Gaeta
Gaeta (Caiēta, Ancient Greek: Καιέτα) is a city and comune in the province of Latina, in Lazio, central Italy.
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Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 BC)
Gaius Asinius Pollio (sometimes wrongly called Pollius or Philo; 75 BC – AD 4) was a Roman soldier, politician, orator, poet, playwright, literary critic and historian, whose lost contemporary history provided much of the material used by the historians Appian and Plutarch.
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Gaius Atilius Regulus Serranus
Gaius Atilius Regulus Serranus (fl. 250 BC) was a Roman Republican consul who twice held the consulship in the middle of the 3rd century BC.
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Gaius Flaminius
Gaius Flaminius C. f. L. n. was a leading Roman politician in the third century BC.
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Gaius Julius Solinus
Gaius Julius Solinus, Latin grammarian and compiler, probably flourished in the early 3rd century.
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Gaius Marius
Gaius MariusC·MARIVS·C·F·C·N is how Marius was termed in official state inscriptions in Latin: "Gaius Marius, son of Gaius, grandson of Gaius" (157 BC – January 13, 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman.
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Gallienus
Gallienus (Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus; c. 218 – 268), also known as Gallien, was Roman Emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and alone from 260 to 268.
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Genseric
Genseric (c. 400 – 25 January 477), also known as Gaiseric or Geiseric (Gaisericus; reconstructed Vandalic: *Gaisarīks), was King of the Vandals and Alans (428–477) who established the Vandal Kingdom and was one of the key players in the troubles of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century.
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Giardini Naxos
Giardini Naxos (Giaddini) is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Messina on the island of Sicily in southern Italy.
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Gnaeus Papirius Carbo
Gnaeus Papirius Carbo (c. 130s BC – 82 BC) was a three-time consul of ancient Rome.
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Greek art
Greek art began in the Cycladic and Minoan civilization, and gave birth to Western classical art in the subsequent Geometric, Archaic and Classical periods (with further developments during the Hellenistic Period).
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Hagiography
A hagiography is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader.
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Hamilcar Barca
Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 – 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago.
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Hannibal
Hannibal Barca (𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋 𐤁𐤓𐤒 ḥnb‘l brq; 247 – between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general, considered one of the greatest military commanders in history.
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Hasdrubal
Hasdrubal (in Latin transliteration; the original Phoenician form of the name was Azruba'al, lit. "the help of Baal") was the name of a king and several Carthaginian generals of the Punic Wars.
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Hebrew language
No description.
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Helorus
Helorus, Heloros, Helorum, or Elorus (Greek: Ἔλωρος or Ἕλωρος, Ptol., Steph. B. or Ἕλωρον, Scyl.; Eloro), was an ancient geek city of Sicily, situated near the east coast, about 40 km south of Syracuse and on the banks of the river of the same name.
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Hiero II of Syracuse
Hiero II (Ἱέρων Β΄; c. 308 BC – 215 BC) was the Greek Sicilian Tyrant of Syracuse from 270 to 215 BC, and the illegitimate son of a Syracusan noble, Hierocles, who claimed descent from Gelon.
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Hieronymus of Syracuse
Hieronymus (Ἱερώνυμος; 231–214 BC) was a tyrant of Syracuse.
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Hilarion
Hilarion (291–371) was an anchorite who spent most of his life in the desert according to the example of Anthony the Great.
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History of Sicily
The history of Sicily has been influenced by numerous ethnic groups.
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Imperium
Imperium is a Latin word that, in a broad sense, translates roughly as 'power to command'.
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In Verrem
In Verrem ("Against Verres") is a series of speeches made by Cicero in 70 BC, during the corruption and extortion trial of Gaius Verres, the former governor of Sicily.
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Ispica
Ispica is a city and comune in the south of Sicily, Italy.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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J. Paul Getty Museum
The J. Paul Getty Museum, commonly referred to as the Getty, is an art museum in California housed on two campuses: the Getty Center and Getty Villa.
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Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), known by his cognomen Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and military general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
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Julius Firmicus Maternus
Julius Firmicus Maternus was a Latin writer and notable astrologer, who received a pagan classical education that made him conversant with Greek; he lived in the reign of Constantine I (306 to 337 AD) and his successors.
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Kamarina, Sicily
Kamarina (Καμάρινα, Latin, Italian, & Camarina) was an ancient city on the southern coast of Sicily in southern Italy.
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Lanuvium
Lanuvium (more frequently Lanivium in Imperial Roman times, later Civita Lavinia, modern Lanuvio) is an ancient city of Latium (Lānŭuĭum or Lānĭuĭum), some southeast of Rome, a little southwest of the Via Appia.
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Lapsi (Christianity)
Lapsi were apostates in the early Christian Church, who renounced their faith under persecution by Roman authorities.
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Latifundium
A latifundium is a very extensive parcel of privately owned land.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Latin liturgical rites
Latin liturgical rites are Christian liturgical rites of Latin tradition, used mainly by the Catholic Church as liturgical rites within the Latin Church, that originated in the area where the Latin language once dominated.
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Legatus
A legatus (anglicized as legate) was a high ranking Roman military officer in the Roman Army, equivalent to a modern high ranking general officer.
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Lentini
Lentini (Sicilian: Lintini), historically Leontini or Leontinoi (Λεοντῖνοι), is a town and comune in the Province of Syracuse, South East of Sicily (Southern Italy).
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Lex Hieronica
The Lex Hieronica was a unique system of regulations concerning the agricultural taxation of Sicily by the Roman Republic.
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List of Roman civil wars and revolts
This is a list of civil wars and organized civil unrest in ancient Rome (753 BC – AD 476).
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Livy
Titus Livius Patavinus (64 or 59 BCAD 12 or 17) – often rendered as Titus Livy, or simply Livy, in English language sources – was a Roman historian.
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Louvre
The Louvre, or the Louvre Museum, is the world's largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris, France.
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Lucius Caecilius Metellus (consul 68 BC)
Lucius Caecilius Metellus was a Roman aristocrat.
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Lucius Cincius Alimentus
Lucius Cincius Alimentus was a celebrated Roman annalist and jurist, who was praetor in Sicily in 209 BC, with the command of two legions.
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Lucius Clodius Macer
Lucius Clodius Macer was a legatus of the Roman Empire in Africa in the time of Nero.
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Lucius Manlius Acidinus
Lucius Manlius Acidinus (fl. late 3rd century BC) was a member of the Manlia gens who stood as praetor urbanus in 210 BC.
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Lucius Valerius Flaccus (consul 261 BC)
Lucius Valerius Flaccus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 261 BC with Titus Otacilius Crassus.
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Malta
Malta, officially known as the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Mamertines
The Mamertines (Mamertini, "sons of Mars") were mercenaries of Italian origin who had been hired from their home in Campania by Agathocles (361 – 289 BC), Tyrant of Syracuse and self-proclaimed King of Sicily.
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Manius Aquillius (consul 101 BC)
Manius Aquillius (died 88 BC), a member of the ancient Roman gens Aquillia, was consul in 101 BC.
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Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla
Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla was Roman consul in 263 BC.
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Marcellinus (magister militum)
Marcellinus (died August 468) was a Roman general and patrician who ruled over the region of Dalmatia in the Western Roman Empire and held sway with the army there from 454 until his death.
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Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (c. 89 or 88 BC – late 13 or early 12 BC) was a Roman patrician who was a part of the Second Triumvirate alongside Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (the future Augustus) and Marcus Antonius, and the last Pontifex Maximus of the Roman Republic.
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Marcus Antonius (orator)
Marcus Antonius (Born 143 BC-died 87 BC) was a Roman politician of the Antonius family and one of the most distinguished Roman orators of his time.
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Marcus Claudius Marcellus
Marcus Claudius Marcellus (c. 268 – 208 BC), five times elected as consul of the Roman Republic, was an important Roman military leader during the Gallic War of 225 BC and the Second Punic War.
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Marcus Valerius Laevinus
Marcus Valerius Laevinus (d. 200BC) was a Roman consul and commander who rose to prominence during the Second Punic War and corresponding First Macedonian War.
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Marcus Valerius Messalla (consul 188 BC)
Marcus Valerius Messalla was Roman consul for 188 BC, together with Gaius Livius Salinator.
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Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (64/62 BC – 12 BC) was a Roman consul, statesman, general and architect.
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Mark Antony
Marcus Antonius (Latin:; 14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony or Marc Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from an oligarchy into the autocratic Roman Empire.
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Marsala
Marsala (Maissala; Lilybaeum) is an Italian town located in the Province of Trapani in the westernmost part of Sicily.
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Marseille
Marseille (Provençal: Marselha), is the second-largest city of France and the largest city of the Provence historical region.
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Megara Hyblaea
Megara Hyblaea (τὰ Μέγαρα) – perhaps identical with Hybla Major – is the name of an ancient Greek colony in Sicily, situated near Augusta on the east coast, north-northwest of Syracuse, Italy, on the deep bay formed by the Xiphonian promontory.
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Melania the Younger
Saint Melania the Younger (born in Rome c. 383, died in Jerusalem on December 31, 439) is a Christian saint and Desert Mother who lived during the reign of Emperor Honorius, son of Theodosius I. She is the paternal granddaughter of Melania the Elder.
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Messina
Messina (Sicilian: Missina; Messana, Μεσσήνη) is the capital of the Italian Metropolitan City of Messina.
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Michael Crawford
Michael Patrick Smith, (born 19 January 1942) known by the professional stage name of Michael Crawford, is an English actor, comedian, philanthropist, and singer.
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Michael Crawford (historian)
Professor Michael Hewson Crawford, FBA (born 7 December 1939) is a British ancient historian and numismatist.
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Migration Period
The Migration Period was a period during the decline of the Roman Empire around the 4th to 6th centuries AD in which there were widespread migrations of peoples within or into Europe, mostly into Roman territory, notably the Germanic tribes and the Huns.
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Milazzo
Milazzo (Sicilian: Milazzu, Latin: Mylae) is a town (comune) in the Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, southern Italy; it is the largest commune in the Metropolitan City after Messina and Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto.
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Miseno
Miseno is one of the frazioni of the municipality of Bacoli in the Italian Province of Naples.
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Monasticism
Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from μόνος, monos, "alone") or monkhood is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.
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Morgantina
Morgantina is an archaeological site in east central Sicily, southern Italy.
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Moses Finley
Sir Moses I. Finley, FBA (born Moses Isaac Finkelstein; 20 May 1912 – 23 June 1986), was an American-born British academic and classical scholar.
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Municipium
Municipium (pl. municipia) was the Latin term for a town or city.
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Natural History (Pliny)
The Natural History (Naturalis Historia) is a book about the whole of the natural world in Latin by Pliny the Elder, a Roman author and naval commander who died in 79 AD.
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Netum
Netum or Neetum (Greek: Νέητον), was a considerable ancient town in the south of Sicily, near the sources of the little river Asinarus (modern Falconara), and about 34 km southwest of Syracuse.
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Nicomachus Flavianus (son)
Nicomachus Flavianus (floruit 382–432), sometimes referred to as Flavianus the Younger, was a grammarian and a politician of the Roman Empire.
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Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture
The term Norman-Arab-Byzantine culture, Norman-Sicilian culture or, less inclusive, Norman-Arab culture, (sometimes referred to as the "Arab-Norman civilization") refers to the interaction of the Norman, Latin, Arab and Byzantine Greek cultures following the Norman conquest of Sicily and of Norman Africa from 1061 to around 1250.
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Numidia
Numidia (202 BC – 40 BC, Berber: Inumiden) was an ancient Berber kingdom of the Numidians, located in what is now Algeria and a smaller part of Tunisia and Libya in the Berber world, in North Africa.
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Nymphaeum
A nymphaeum or nymphaion (νυμφαῖον), in ancient Greece and Rome, was a monument consecrated to the nymphs, especially those of springs.
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Odoacer
Flavius Odoacer (c. 433Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. 2, s.v. Odovacer, pp. 791–793 – 493 AD), also known as Flavius Odovacer or Odovacar (Odoacre, Odoacer, Odoacar, Odovacar, Odovacris), was a soldier who in 476 became the first King of Italy (476–493).
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Olivia of Palermo
Saint Olivia of Palermo (S., Uliva di Palermu), Palermo, 448 – Tunis, 10 June 463,. SANTI, BEATI E TESTIMONI.
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Olympic Games
The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (Jeux olympiques) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.
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Orosius
Paulus Orosius (born 375, died after 418 AD) — less often Paul Orosius in English — was a Gallaecian Chalcedonian priest, historian and theologian, a student of Augustine of Hippo.
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Ostia Antica
Ostia Antica is a large archaeological site, close to the modern town of Ostia, that is the location of the harbour city of ancient Rome, 15 miles (25 kilometres) southwest of Rome.
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Pachino
Pachino (Sicilian: Pachinu) is a town and comune in the Province of Syracuse, Sicily (Italy).
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Pact of Misenum
The Pact of Misenum was a treaty to end the naval blockade of the Italian Peninsula during the Sicilian revolt.
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Palermo
Palermo (Sicilian: Palermu, Panormus, from Πάνορμος, Panormos) is a city of Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo.
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Pantaenus
Saint Pantaenus the Philosopher (Πάνταινος; died c. 200) was a Greek theologian and a significant figure in the Catechetical School of Alexandria from around AD 180.
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Pantelleria
Pantelleria (Pantiddirìa), the ancient Cossyra (Arabic: قوصرة, Maltese: Qawsra, now Pantellerija, Ancient Greek Kossyra, Κοσσύρα), is an Italian island and Comune in the Strait of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea, southwest of Sicily and east of the Tunisian coast.
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Paul the Apostle
Paul the Apostle (Paulus; translit, ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ; c. 5 – c. 64 or 67), commonly known as Saint Paul and also known by his Jewish name Saul of Tarsus (translit; Saũlos Tarseús), was an apostle (though not one of the Twelve Apostles) who taught the gospel of the Christ to the first century world.
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Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire occurred intermittently over a period of over two centuries between the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD under Nero Caesar and the Edict of Milan in 313 AD, in which the Roman Emperors Constantine the Great and Licinius legalised the Christian religion.
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Pertinax
Pertinax (Publius Helvius Pertinax Augustus; 1 August 126 – 28 March 193) was a Roman military leader and Roman Emperor for the first three months of 193, succeeding Commodus to become the first emperor during the tumultuous Year of the Five Emperors.
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Philinus of Agrigentum
Philinus of Agrigentum (3rd-century BCE) lived during the First Punic War and wrote its history from a pro-Carthaginian standpoint.
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Plain of Catania
The Plain of Catania (Sicilian: La Chiana di Catania, Italian: La Piana di Catania) is the most extensive and most important plain in Sicily.
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Pliny the Elder
Pliny the Elder (born Gaius Plinius Secundus, AD 23–79) was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, a naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and friend of emperor Vespasian.
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Plutarch
Plutarch (Πλούταρχος, Ploútarkhos,; c. CE 46 – CE 120), later named, upon becoming a Roman citizen, Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus, (Λούκιος Μέστριος Πλούταρχος) was a Greek biographer and essayist, known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia.
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Poll tax
A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual.
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Polybius
Polybius (Πολύβιος, Polýbios; – BC) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic period noted for his work which covered the period of 264–146 BC in detail.
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Pompey
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), usually known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic.
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Praefectus urbi
The praefectus urbanus, also called praefectus urbi or urban prefect in English, was prefect of the city of Rome, and later also of Constantinople.
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Praetor
Praetor (also spelled prætor) was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities: the commander of an army (in the field or, less often, before the army had been mustered); or, an elected magistratus (magistrate), assigned various duties (which varied at different periods in Rome's history).
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Proscription
Proscription (proscriptio) is, in current usage, a "decree of condemnation to death or banishment" (OED) and can be used in a political context to refer to state-approved murder or banishment.
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Province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state.
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Ptolemaic Kingdom
The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Πτολεμαϊκὴ βασιλεία, Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) was a Hellenistic kingdom based in Egypt.
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Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; Claudius Ptolemaeus) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology.
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Publius Clodius Pulcher
Publius Clodius Pulcher (c. December 93 BC – 52 BC, on January 18 of the pre-Julian calendar) was a Roman politician.
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Publius Rupilius
Publius Rupilius, Roman statesman, consul in 132 BC.
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Punic language
The Punic language, also called Carthaginian or Phoenicio-Punic, is an extinct variety of the Phoenician language, a Canaanite language of the Semitic family.
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Quaestor
A quaestor (investigator) was a public official in Ancient Rome.
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Quintus Fabius Pictor
Quintus Fabius Pictor (flourished c. 200 BC; his birth has been estimated around 270 BC) was the earliest Roman historiographer and is considered the first of the annalists.
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Quintus Salvidienus Rufus
Quintus Salvidienus Rufus was a Roman general and one of the closest advisors of Octavian during the early years of his political activity.
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Reggio Calabria
Reggio di Calabria (also; Reggino: Rìggiu, Bovesia Calabrian Greek: script; translit, Rhēgium), commonly known as Reggio Calabria or simply Reggio in Southern Italy, is the largest city and the most populated comune of Calabria, Southern Italy.
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Ricimer
Flavius Ricimer (Classical; c. 405 – August 18, 472) was a Romanized Germanic general who effectively ruled the remaining territory of the Western Roman Empire from 461 until his death in 472, with a brief interlude in which he contested power with Anthemius.
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Roman amphitheatre of Syracuse
The Roman amphitheatre of Syracuse is one of the best preserved structures in the city of Syracuse, Sicily, from the early Imperial period.
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Roman army
The Roman army (Latin: exercitus Romanus) is a term that can in general be applied to the terrestrial armed forces deployed by the Romans throughout the duration of Ancient Rome, from the Roman Kingdom (to c. 500 BC) to the Roman Republic (500–31 BC) and the Roman Empire (31 BC – 395), and its medieval continuation the Eastern Roman Empire.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Catania
The archdiocese of Catania (Archidioecesis Catanensis) is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastic territory in Sicily, southern Italy, with its seat in Catania.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Siracusa
The Italian Catholic Archdiocese of Siracusa, also known as Syracuse, (Archidioecesis Syracusana) is in Sicily.
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Roman citizenship
Citizenship in ancient Rome was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance.→.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.
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Roman province
In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin: provincia, pl. provinciae) was the basic and, until the Tetrarchy (from 293 AD), the largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside Italy.
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Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.
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Rome
Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).
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Romulus Augustulus
Flavius Romulus Augustus (c. AD 460–after AD 476; possibly still alive as late as AD 507), known derisively and historiographically as Romulus Augustulus, was a Roman emperor and alleged usurper who ruled the Western Roman Empire from 31 October AD 475 until 4 September AD 476.
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Rubicon
The Rubicon (Rubicō, Rubicone) is a shallow river in northeastern Italy, just south of Ravenna.
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Rule of Saint Benedict
The Rule of Saint Benedict (Regula Benedicti) is a book of precepts written by Benedict of Nursia (AD 480–550) for monks living communally under the authority of an abbot.
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Sack of Rome (410)
The Sack of Rome occurred on 24 August 410.
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Saint Lucy
Lucia of Syracuse (283–304), also known as Saint Lucy or Saint Lucia (Sancta Lucia), was a Christian martyr who died during the Diocletianic Persecution.
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Saint Rosalia
Saint Rosalia (1130–1166), also called La Santuzza or "The Little Saint", and in Sicilian as "Rusulia", is the patron saint of Palermo in Italy, and three towns in Venezuela: El Hatillo, Zuata, and Anzoátegui.
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Salvius Tryphon
Salvius (died c. 100 BCE) was an aulos player who was proclaimed king by the rebelling slaves of ancient Sicily during the Second Servile War.
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Sardinia and Corsica
The Province of Sardinia and Corsica (Provincia Sardinia et Corsica) was an ancient Roman province including the islands of Sardinia and Corsica.
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Sciacca
Sciacca (Greek: Θέρμαι; Latin: Thermae Selinuntinae, Thermae Selinuntiae, Thermae, Aquae Labrodes and Aquae Labodes), is a town and comune in the province of Agrigento on the southwestern coast of Sicily, southern Italy.
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Scipio Aemilianus
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Numantinus (185–129 BC), also known as Scipio Aemilianus or Scipio Africanus Minor (Scipio Africanus the Younger), was a politician of the Roman Republic who served as consul twice, in 147 BC and 134 BC.
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Second Punic War
The Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC), also referred to as The Hannibalic War and by the Romans the War Against Hannibal, was the second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic and its allied Italic socii, with the participation of Greek polities and Numidian and Iberian forces on both sides.
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Second Servile War
The Second Servile War was an unsuccessful slave uprising against the Roman Republic on the island of Sicily.
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Second Triumvirate
The Second Triumvirate is the name historians have given to the official political alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (Caesar Augustus), Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, formed on 27 November 43 BC with the enactment of the Lex Titia, the adoption of which some view as marking the end of the Roman Republic, whilst others argue the Battle of Actium or Octavian becoming Caesar Augustus in 27 BC.
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Segesta
Segesta (Egesta; Siggésta) was one of the major cities of the Elymian people, one of the three indigenous peoples of Sicily.
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Selinunte
Selinunte (Σελινοῦς, Selinous; Selinūs) was an ancient Greek city on the south-western coast of Sicily in Italy.
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Servile Wars
The Servile Wars were a series of three slave revolts ("servile" is derived from "servus", Latin for "slave") in the late Roman Republic.
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Sextus Pompey
Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius, in English Sextus Pompey (67 BC – 35 BC), was a Roman general from the late Republic (1st century BC).
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Sicani
The Sicani (Greek Σικανοί Sikanoi) or Sicanians were one of three ancient peoples of Sicily present at the time of Phoenician and Greek colonization.
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Sicels
The Sicels (Siculi; Σικελοί Sikeloi) were an Italic tribe who inhabited eastern Sicily during the Iron Age.
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Sidonius Apollinaris
Gaius Sollius Modestus Apollinaris Sidonius, better known as Saint Sidonius Apollinaris (5 November of an unknown year, 430 – August 489 AD), was a poet, diplomat, and bishop.
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Siege of Syracuse (214–212 BC)
The Siege of Syracuse by the Roman Republic took place in 214–212 BC, at the end of which the Magna Graecia Hellenistic city of Syracuse, located on the east coast of Sicily, fell.
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Sister city
Twin towns or sister cities are a form of legal or social agreement between towns, cities, counties, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states, and even countries in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.
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Socii
The socii (in Classical Latin; in Italian Latin; in English; "allies") were the autonomous tribes and city-states of the Italian Peninsula in permanent military alliance with the Roman Republic until the Social War of 91–88 BC.
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Stesichorus
Stesichorus (Στησίχορος, Stēsikhoros; c. 630 – 555 BC) was the first great lyric poet of the West.
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Strabo
Strabo (Στράβων Strábōn; 64 or 63 BC AD 24) was a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
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Strait of Messina
The Strait of Messina (Stretto di Messina), is a narrow strait between the eastern tip of Sicily (Punta del Faro) and the western tip of Calabria (Punta Pezzo) in the south of Italy.
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Sulla
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (c. 138 BC – 78 BC), known commonly as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman.
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Sulla's second civil war
Sulla's second civil war was one of a series of civil wars of ancient Rome.
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Sundial
A sundial is a device that tells the time of day when there is sunlight by the apparent position of the Sun in the sky.
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Synod
A synod is a council of a church, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application.
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Synod of Arles
Arles (ancient Arelate) in the south of Roman Gaul (modern France) hosted several councils or synods referred to as Concilium Arelatense in the history of the early Christian church.
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Syracuse, Sicily
Syracuse (Siracusa,; Sarausa/Seragusa; Syrācūsae; Συράκουσαι, Syrakousai; Medieval Συρακοῦσαι) is a historic city on the island of Sicily, the capital of the Italian province of Syracuse.
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Talent (measurement)
The talent (talentum, from Ancient Greek: τάλαντον, talanton 'scale, balance, sum') was one of several ancient units of mass, a commercial weight, as well as corresponding units of value equivalent to these masses of a precious metal.
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Taormina
Taormina (Sicilian: Taurmina; Latin: Tauromenium; Ταυρομένιον, Tauromenion) is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Messina, on the east coast of the island of Sicily, Italy.
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Termini Imerese
Termini Imerese is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Palermo on the northern coast of Sicily, southern Italy.
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Theodosius II
Theodosius II (Flavius Theodosius Junior Augustus; Θεοδόσιος Βʹ; 10 April 401 – 28 July 450),"Theodosius II" in The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford, 1991, p. 2051.
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Tindari
Tindari (Lu Tìnnaru), anciently Tyndaris or Tyndarion (Greek: Τυνδαρίς, Strab.; Τυνδάριον, Ptol.) is a small town, former bishopric, frazione (suburb or municipal component) in the comune of Patti and Latin Catholic titular see, in the Metropolitan City of Messina in northeastern Sicily, between Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto and Cefalù.
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Titus Calpurnius Siculus
Titus Calpurnius was a Roman bucolic poet.
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Titus Otacilius Crassus
Titus Otacilius Crassus was a Roman statesman who served as Consul in 261 BC.
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Trapani
Trapani (Tràpani; Drepanon, Δρέπανον) is a city and comune on the west coast of Sicily in Italy.
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Ustica
Ustica (Sicilian: Ùstica) is the name of a small island, about across, situated north of Capo Gallo, Italy in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
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Vandals
The Vandals were a large East Germanic tribe or group of tribes that first appear in history inhabiting present-day southern Poland.
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Verres
Gaius Verres (ca. 120 BC – 43 BC) was a Roman magistrate, notorious for his misgovernment of Sicily.
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Vespasian
Vespasian (Titus Flavius Vespasianus;Classical Latin spelling and reconstructed Classical Latin pronunciation: Vespasian was from an equestrian family that rose into the senatorial rank under the Julio–Claudian emperors. Although he fulfilled the standard succession of public offices and held the consulship in AD 51, Vespasian's renown came from his military success; he was legate of Legio II ''Augusta'' during the Roman invasion of Britain in 43 and subjugated Judaea during the Jewish rebellion of 66. While Vespasian besieged Jerusalem during the Jewish rebellion, emperor Nero committed suicide and plunged Rome into a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After Galba and Otho perished in quick succession, Vitellius became emperor in April 69. The Roman legions of Roman Egypt and Judaea reacted by declaring Vespasian, their commander, emperor on 1 July 69. In his bid for imperial power, Vespasian joined forces with Mucianus, the governor of Syria, and Primus, a general in Pannonia, leaving his son Titus to command the besieging forces at Jerusalem. Primus and Mucianus led the Flavian forces against Vitellius, while Vespasian took control of Egypt. On 20 December 69, Vitellius was defeated, and the following day Vespasian was declared emperor by the Senate. Vespasian dated his tribunician years from 1 July, substituting the acts of Rome's Senate and people as the legal basis for his appointment with the declaration of his legions, and transforming his legions into an electoral college. Little information survives about the government during Vespasian's ten-year rule. He reformed the financial system of Rome after the campaign against Judaea ended successfully, and initiated several ambitious construction projects, including the building of the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known today as the Roman Colosseum. In reaction to the events of 68–69, Vespasian forced through an improvement in army discipline. Through his general Agricola, Vespasian increased imperial expansion in Britain. After his death in 79, he was succeeded by his eldest son Titus, thus becoming the first Roman emperor to be directly succeeded by his own natural son and establishing the Flavian dynasty.
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Villa Romana del Casale
The Villa Romana del Casale (Sicilian: Villa Rumana dû Casali) is a large and elaborate Roman villa or palace located about 3 km from the town of Piazza Armerina, Sicily.
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Villa Romana del Tellaro
The Villa Romana del Tellaro is a Roman villa dating from the late Roman Empire on Sicily in southern Italy.
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Villa Romana di Patti
The Villa Romana di Patti is a large Roman villa located in the comune of Patti in the province of Messina on Sicily.
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Visigoths
The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi; Visigoti) were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths.
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Western Roman Empire
In historiography, the Western Roman Empire refers to the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any one time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court, coequal with that administering the eastern half, then referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire.
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Works attributed to Florus
There are 3 main sets of works attributed to Florus (a Roman cognomen): Virgilius orator an poeta, an Epitome of Roman History and a collection of poems (26 tetrameters, and 5 hexameters about roses).
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Redirects here:
Roman Sicily, Roman province of Sicilia, Sicilia (province), Sicily (Roman province), Sicily (province).
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilia_(Roman_province)
