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17 relations: Central dogma of molecular biology, Dihydrofolate reductase, Escherichia coli, Eukaryote, Five prime untranslated region, Genetic code, Lac operon, Leucine, Messenger RNA, Methionine, N-Formylmethionine, Prokaryote, Ribosome, Ribosome-binding site, Stop codon, Transfer RNA, Translation (biology).
Central dogma of molecular biology
The central dogma of molecular biology is an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system.
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Dihydrofolate reductase
Dihydrofolate reductase, or DHFR, is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, using NADPH as electron donor, which can be converted to the kinds of tetrahydrofolate cofactors used in 1-carbon transfer chemistry.
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Five prime untranslated region
The 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) (also known as a leader sequence or leader RNA) is the region of an mRNA that is directly upstream from the initiation codon.
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Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins.
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Lac operon
The lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria.
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Leucine
Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
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Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans.
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N-Formylmethionine
N-Formylmethionine (fMet) is a derivative of the amino acid methionine in which a formyl group has been added to the amino group.
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Prokaryote
A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
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Ribosome
The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).
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Ribosome-binding site
A ribosome binding site, or ribosomal binding site (RBS), is a sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an mRNA transcript that is responsible for the recruitment of a ribosome during the initiation of protein translation.
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Stop codon
In the genetic code, a stop codon (or termination codon) is a nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of translation into proteins.
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Transfer RNA
A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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Translation (biology)
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.
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ATG or AUG, Alternative start site, Codon, initiator, Initiation codon, Initiator codon, Start codons.
