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Submarine

Index Submarine

A submarine (or simply sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. [1]

339 relations: ABC (newspaper), Acoustic torpedo, Acrylic resin, Action of 9 February 1945, Air-independent propulsion, Aircraft carrier, Alexandre Sheldon-Duplaix, Allied submarines in the Pacific War, Allies of World War I, Allies of World War II, Alloy, American Civil War, Amine gas treating, Anechoic tile, Anti-ship missile, Anti-submarine warfare, Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I, Atlantis Submarines, Auguste Piccard (PX-8), Autonomous underwater vehicle, Ballast tank, Ballistic missile submarine, Bangladesh Liberation War, Barcelona, Barents Sea, Barrow-in-Furness, Bathyscaphe, Bathyscaphe Trieste, Battle of the Atlantic, Beaufort Sea, Blackwater (waste), Blockade, Boat, British K-class submarine, British M-class submarine, British R-class submarine, British U-class submarine, Bulkhead (partition), Buoyancy, Burst transmission, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Carbon steel, Casing (submarine), Catalysis, Center of mass, Central Intelligence Agency, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charlton Heston, Chukchi Sea, ..., Cluster munition, Coastal submarine, Cold War, Collins-class submarine, Columbia-class submarine, Combat endurance, Combustion, Compartmentalization (fire protection), Compressed air, Confederate States Navy, Confederate States of America, Conning tower, Cornelis Drebbel, Crescent Shipyard, Cruise missile, Cruiser submarine, Cryogenics, David Bushnell, Davis Strait, Deck gun, Decompression sickness, Deep-submergence rescue vehicle, Deep-submergence vehicle, Denmark Strait, Depth charge, Dichlorodifluoromethane, Diesel engine, Diesel–electric transmission, Disneyland, Distillation, Diving bell, Diving plane, Dolphin-class submarine, Don Walsh, Double hull, Drag (physics), Dutch people, Dynamic trimming, Electric battery, Electrolysis, Electronic warfare, Elizabeth, New Jersey, Enigma machine, Exocet, Expo 64, Extremely low frequency, Falklands War, Ferromagnetism, Fleet submarine, Flying submarine, Freeboard (nautical), French Navy, Friendly fire, Fuel cell, Future of the Russian Navy, Gary Roughead, Gasoline, Gaspar Schott, General Dynamics Electric Boat, George Garrett (inventor), Georgia State University, German Americans, German Navy, German submarine U-19, German submarine V-80, Germany, Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, Global Positioning System, Glomar Explorer, Greywater, Guam, Harpoon (missile), Heligoland, Hellmuth Walter, Henri Dupuy de Lôme, Herbert Werner, Howard Hughes, Human error, Hydrogen, Hydrogen peroxide, Ice Exercise 2009, Ictíneo II, IDAS (missile), Imperial Japanese Navy, Indian Navy, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Inertial navigation system, Ireland, Isaac Peral, Jacques Piccard, James P. Delgado, James VI and I, Jean Taisnier, John Napier, John Philip Holland, Julius H. Kroehl, Kaiten, Keel, Kerosene, Knot (unit), Kobben-class submarine, Laptev Sea, Lüshunkou District, Lewis Nixon (naval architect), Liquid oxygen, List of nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll, List of ships sunk by submarines by death toll, List of Soviet and Russian submarine classes, List of specifications of submarines of World War II, List of submarine actions, List of submarine classes, List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy, List of submarine classes of the United States Navy, List of submarine museums, List of submarine operators, List of submarines of France, List of submarines of the Indian Navy, List of submarines of the Netherlands, List of submarines of the Royal Navy, List of submarines of the Spanish Navy, List of submarines of the Turkish Navy, List of submarines of the United States Navy, List of submarines of World War II, List of sunken nuclear submarines, List of U-boats of Germany, Long ton, Magnetohydrodynamic drive, Manganese dioxide, Mariana Trench, Mediterranean Sea, Merchant submarine, Merchant vessel, Michael Mullen, Midget submarine, Midshipman, Minelayer, Mir (submersible), Narcís Monturiol, Narco-submarine, Nautical Archaeology Society, Naval mine, Naval Submarine Base New London, Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory, Naval tactics, Naval tradition, Navy, Newport, Rhode Island, Nitrogen, North Africa, North Pole, North Sea, Northwest Passage, Norway, Nuclear marine propulsion, Nuclear navy, Nuclear power, Nuclear propulsion, Nuclear reactor, Nuclear strategy, Nuclear submarine, Nuclear weapon, Oceanography, Operation Highjump, Operation Nanook (1946), Oxygen, Pakistan Navy, Pascal (unit), People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force, Periscope, Peter Huchthausen, Philip Hammond, Photonics mast, Polynya, Potassium chlorate, Pounds per square inch, Prism, Project Nekton, Propeller, Pump-jet, Radar, Radio silence, Ray Mabus, Reconnaissance, Remotely operated vehicle, Reserve Officers' Training Corps, Resurgam, Reverse osmosis, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, Robert Fulton, Robert Whitehead, Romanian submarines of World War II, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Navy, Royal Navy Submarine Service, Royal Norwegian Navy, RPK-2 Vyuga, Russia, Russo-Japanese War, Sail (submarine), Salinity, Secretary of State for Defence, Semi-submersible, Semi-submersible naval vessel, Ship, Simon Lake, Sloop-of-war, Solveig Krey, Som-class submarine, Sonar, Soundproofing, Spain, Spanish Navy, Spar torpedo, Special forces, Spitsbergen, SS X-1, SS-N-3 Shaddock, SSM-N-8 Regulus, Stealth technology, Stirling engine, Stonefish (mine), Sub Marine Explorer, Submarine communications cable, Submarine depth ratings, Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment, Submarine films, Submarine Force Library and Museum, Submarine forces (France), Submarine hull, Submarine power cable, Submarine simulator, Submarine snorkel, Submarine Voyage, Submarine warfare, Submarine-launched ballistic missile, Submarines in the United States Navy, Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy, Submersible, Supercavitation, Sweden, Swedish Navy, Syntactic foam, Tagus, Teardrop hull, The Gentleman's Magazine, The Hunt for Red October, The Hunt for Red October (film), Thermocline, Thorsten Nordenfelt, Titanium, Toledo, Spain, Tomahawk (missile), Torpedo, Turbine, Turtle (submersible), Type 212 submarine, Type 95 torpedo, Type VII submarine, Type XVII submarine, Type XXI submarine, U-boat, UGM-27 Polaris, Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Underwater archaeology, Underwater diving, Underwater telephone, United Kingdom, United States, United States Naval Academy, United States Navy, United States Porpoise-class submarine, United States S-class submarine, Unrestricted submarine warfare, UUM-44 SUBROC, Very low frequency, Vickers, Vladivostok, Watercraft, Wet sub, Whitehead torpedo, William Bourne (mathematician), Wolfpack (naval tactic), World War I, World War II, Zinc, 1,000,000,000, 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane. Expand index (289 more) »

ABC (newspaper)

ABC is a Spanish national daily newspaper.

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Acoustic torpedo

An acoustic torpedo is a torpedo that aims itself by listening for characteristic sounds of its target or by searching for it using sonar (acoustic homing).

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Acrylic resin

Acrylic resins are a group of related thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic substances derived from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or other related compounds.

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Action of 9 February 1945

The Action of 9 February 1945 refers to the sinking of U-boat in the North Sea off the Norwegian island of Fedje during the Second World War by the Royal Navy submarine HMS ''Venturer''.

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Air-independent propulsion

Air-independent propulsion (AIP) is any marine propulsion technology that allows a non-nuclear submarine to operate without access to atmospheric oxygen (by surfacing or using a snorkel).

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Aircraft carrier

An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft.

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Alexandre Sheldon-Duplaix

Alexandre Sheldon-Duplaix (born 1963) is a French naval historian.

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Allied submarines in the Pacific War

Allied submarines were used extensively during the Pacific War and were a key contributor to the defeat of the Empire of Japan.

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Allies of World War I

The Allies of World War I, or Entente Powers, were the countries that opposed the Central Powers in the First World War.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).

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Alloy

An alloy is a combination of metals or of a metal and another element.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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Amine gas treating

Amine gas treating, also known as amine scrubbing, gas sweetening and acid gas removal, refers to a group of processes that use aqueous solutions of various alkylamines (commonly referred to simply as amines) to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from gases.

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Anechoic tile

Anechoic tiles are rubber or synthetic polymer tiles containing thousands of tiny voids, applied to the outer hulls of military ships and submarines, as well as anechoic chambers.

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Anti-ship missile

Anti-ship missiles are guided missiles that are designed for use against ships and large boats.

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Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare (ASW, or in older form A/S) is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, or other submarines to find, track and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines.

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Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I

The Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I (sometimes called the "First Battle of the Atlantic", in reference to the World War II campaign of that name) was the prolonged naval conflict between German submarines and the Allied navies in Atlantic waters—the seas around the British Isles, the North Sea and the coast of France.

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Atlantis Submarines

Atlantis Submarines is a passenger submarine company.

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Auguste Piccard (PX-8)

The Auguste Piccard mesoscaphe, also known simply as the Mésoscaphe, was a manned underwater submarine designed in 1964 by Jacques Piccard, son of Auguste Piccard.

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Autonomous underwater vehicle

An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a robot that travels underwater without requiring input from an operator.

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Ballast tank

A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide stability for a vessel.

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Ballistic missile submarine

A ballistic missile submarine is a submarine capable of deploying submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) with nuclear warheads.

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Bangladesh Liberation War

The Bangladesh Liberation War (মুক্তিযুদ্ধ), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence, or simply the Liberation War in Bangladesh, was a revolution and armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in what was then East Pakistan during the 1971 Bangladesh genocide.

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Barcelona

Barcelona is a city in Spain.

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Barents Sea

The Barents Sea (Barentshavet; Баренцево море, Barentsevo More) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located off the northern coasts of Norway and Russia divided between Norwegian and Russian territorial waters.

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Barrow-in-Furness

Barrow-in-Furness, commonly known as Barrow, is a town and borough in Cumbria, England.

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Bathyscaphe

A bathyscaphe is a free-diving self-propelled deep-sea submersible, consisting of a crew cabin similar to a bathysphere, but suspended below a float rather than from a surface cable, as in the classic bathysphere design.

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Bathyscaphe Trieste

Trieste is a Swiss-designed, Italian-built deep-diving research bathyscaphe, which with its crew of two reached a record maximum depth of about, in the deepest known part of the Earth's oceans, the Challenger Deep, in the Mariana Trench near Guam in the Pacific.

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Battle of the Atlantic

The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, running from 1939 to the defeat of Germany in 1945.

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Beaufort Sea

The Beaufort Sea (Mer de Beaufort) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located north of the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska, west of Canada's Arctic islands.

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Blackwater (waste)

Blackwater is used to describe wastewater from toilets, which likely contains pathogens.

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Blockade

A blockade is an effort to cut off supplies, war material or communications from a particular area by force, either in part or totally.

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Boat

A boat is a watercraft of a large range of type and size.

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British K-class submarine

The K-class submarines were a class of steam-propelled submarines of the Royal Navy designed in 1913.

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British M-class submarine

The British Royal Navy M-class submarines were a small class of diesel-electric submarines built during World War I. The unique feature of the class design was a 12-inch (305 mm) gun mounted in a turret forward of the conning tower.

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British R-class submarine

The R-class submarines were a class of 12 small British diesel-electric submarines built for the Royal Navy during World War I, and were forerunners of the modern attack submarine, in that they were designed specifically to attack and sink enemy submarines, their battery capacity and hull shape being optimized for underwater performance.

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British U-class submarine

The British U-class submarines (officially "War Emergency 1940 and 1941 programmes, short hull ") were a class of 49 small submarines built just before and during the Second World War.

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Bulkhead (partition)

A bulkhead is an upright wall within the hull of a ship or within the fuselage of an aeroplane.

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Buoyancy

In physics, buoyancy or upthrust, is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.

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Burst transmission

In telecommunication, a burst transmission or data burst is the broadcast of a relatively high-bandwidth transmission over a short period.

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

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Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.

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Carbon steel

Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content up to 2.1% by weight.

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Casing (submarine)

The casing of a submarine is a light metal structure, usually incorporating a deck, built over the upper surface of the vessel's pressure hull.

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Catalysis

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.

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Center of mass

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero, or the point where if a force is applied it moves in the direction of the force without rotating.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V (Carlos; Karl; Carlo; Karel; Carolus; 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.

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Charlton Heston

Charlton Heston (born John Charles Carter or Charlton John Carter; October 4, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American actor and political activist.

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Chukchi Sea

Chukchi Sea (p) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean.

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Cluster munition

A cluster munition is a form of air-dropped or ground-launched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller submunitions.

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Coastal submarine

A coastal submarine or littoral submarine is a small, maneuverable submarine with shallow draft well suited to navigation of coastal channels and harbors.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).

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Collins-class submarine

The Collins class of six Australian-built diesel-electric submarines is operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

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Columbia-class submarine

The Columbia-class submarine, formerly known as the Ohio Replacement Submarine and SSBN-X Future Follow-on Submarine, is a future United States Navy nuclear submarine class designed to replace the Trident missile-armed ballistic missile submarines.

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Combat endurance

Combat endurance is the time that a military system or unit can remain in combat before having to withdraw due to depleted resources.

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Combustion

Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.

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Compartmentalization (fire protection)

Compartmentalization in structures, such as land-based buildings, traffic tunnels, ships, aerospace vehicles, or submarines, is the fundamental basis and aim of passive fire protection.

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Compressed air

Compressed air is air kept under a pressure that is greater than atmospheric pressure.

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Confederate States Navy

The Navy of the Confederate States (CSN) was the naval branch of the Confederate States Armed Forces, established by an act of the Confederate States Congress on February 21, 1861.

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Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was an unrecognized country in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865.

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Conning tower

A conning tower is a raised platform on a ship or submarine, often armored, from which an officer can conn the vessel, i.e., give directions to the helmsman.

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Cornelis Drebbel

Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel (1572 – 7 November 1633) was a Dutch engineer and inventor.

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Crescent Shipyard

Crescent Shipyard, located in Elizabeth, New Jersey, built a number of ships for the United States Navy and allied nations as well during their production run, which lasted about ten years while under the Crescent name and banner.

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Cruise missile

A cruise missile is a guided missile used against terrestrial targets that remains in the atmosphere and flies the major portion of its flight path at approximately constant speed.

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Cruiser submarine

A cruiser submarine is a very large submarine designed to remain at sea for extended periods in areas distant from base facilities.

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Cryogenics

In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.

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David Bushnell

David Bushnell (August 30, 1740 – 1824 or 1826), of Westbrook, Connecticut, was an American inventor, a patriot, a scholar, and a veteran of the Revolutionary War.

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Davis Strait

Davis Strait (Détroit de Davis) is a northern arm of the Labrador Sea.

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Deck gun

A deck gun is a type of naval artillery mounted on the deck of a submarine.

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Decompression sickness

Decompression sickness (DCS; also known as divers' disease, the bends, aerobullosis, or caisson disease) describes a condition arising from dissolved gases coming out of solution into bubbles inside the body on depressurisation.

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Deep-submergence rescue vehicle

A Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (DSRV) is a type of deep-submergence vehicle used for rescue of downed submarines and clandestine missions.

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Deep-submergence vehicle

A deep-submergence vehicle (DSV) is a deep-diving manned submarine that is self-propelled.

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Denmark Strait

The Denmark Strait or Greenland Strait ('Greenland Sound') is an oceanic strait between Greenland (to its northwest) and Iceland (to its southeast).

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Depth charge

A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare weapon.

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Dichlorodifluoromethane

Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) is a colorless gas usually sold under the brand name Freon-12, and a chlorofluorocarbon halomethane (CFC) used as a refrigerant and aerosol spray propellant.

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Diesel engine

The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine), named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel which is injected into the combustion chamber is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression (adiabatic compression).

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Diesel–electric transmission

A diesel–electric transmission, or diesel–electric powertrain, is used by a number of vehicle and ship types for providing locomotion.

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Disneyland

Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955.

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Distillation

Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation.

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Diving bell

A diving bell is a rigid chamber used to transport divers from the surface to depth and back in open water, usually for the purpose of performing underwater work.

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Diving plane

Diving planes, also known as hydroplanes, are control surfaces found on a submarine which allow the vessel to pitch its bow and stern up or down to assist in the process of submerging or surfacing the boat, as well as controlling depth when submerged.

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Dolphin-class submarine

The Dolphin class (Hebrew: הצוללות מסדרת דולפין) is a diesel-electric submarine developed and constructed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) in Kiel, Germany, for the Israeli Navy.

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Don Walsh

Don Walsh (born November 2, 1931) is an American oceanographer, explorer and marine policy specialist.

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Double hull

A double hull is a ship hull design and construction method where the bottom and sides of the ship have two complete layers of watertight hull surface: one outer layer forming the normal hull of the ship, and a second inner hull which is some distance inboard, typically by a few feet, which forms a redundant barrier to seawater in case the outer hull is damaged and leaks.

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Drag (physics)

In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of friction, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid.

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Dutch people

The Dutch (Dutch), occasionally referred to as Netherlanders—a term that is cognate to the Dutch word for Dutch people, "Nederlanders"—are a Germanic ethnic group native to the Netherlands.

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Dynamic trimming

A Dynamic trimming system operates seagoing vessels to achieve minimum water resistance under all circumstances.

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Electric battery

An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, smartphones, and electric cars.

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Electrolysis

In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses a direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.

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Electronic warfare

Electronic warfare (EW) is any action involving the use of the electromagnetic spectrum or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack of an enemy, or impede enemy assaults via the spectrum.

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Elizabeth, New Jersey

Elizabeth is both the largest city and the county seat of Union County, in New Jersey, United States.

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Enigma machine

The Enigma machines were a series of electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic and military communication.

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Exocet

The Exocet (French for "flying fish" The missile's name was given by M. Guillot, then technical director at Nord Aviation, after the French name for flying fish.) is a French-built anti-ship missile whose various versions can be launched from surface vessels, submarines, helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft.

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Expo 64

The Swiss national exposition of 1964 (French: Exposition nationale suisse de 1964), usually shortened to Expo 64, was a world's fair held in Lausanne, more specifically in Vidy and the neighbouring Vallée de la Jeunesse, between 30 April and 25 October 1964.

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Extremely low frequency

Extremely low frequency (ELF) is the ITU designation for electromagnetic radiation (radio waves) with frequencies from 3 to 30 Hz, and corresponding wavelengths of 100,000 to 10,000 kilometers, respectively.

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Falklands War

The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas), also known as the Falklands Conflict, Falklands Crisis, Malvinas War, South Atlantic Conflict, and the Guerra del Atlántico Sur (Spanish for "South Atlantic War"), was a ten-week war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands, and its territorial dependency, the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

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Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism is the basic mechanism by which certain materials (such as iron) form permanent magnets, or are attracted to magnets.

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Fleet submarine

A fleet submarine is a submarine with the speed, range, and endurance to operate as part of a navy's Battle Fleet.

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Flying submarine

A flying submarine, submersible aircraft or aerosub is a combination of a seaplane and a submarine.

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Freeboard (nautical)

In sailing and boating, a vessel's freeboard is the distance from the waterline to the upper deck level, measured at the lowest point of sheer where water can enter the boat or ship.

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French Navy

The French Navy (Marine Nationale), informally "La Royale", is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces.

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Friendly fire

Friendly fire is an attack by a military force on non-enemy, own, allied or neutral, forces while attempting to attack the enemy, either by misidentifying the target as hostile, or due to errors or inaccuracy.

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Fuel cell

A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen fuel with oxygen or another oxidizing agent.

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Future of the Russian Navy

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, the Russian Navy struggled to adjust Cold War force structures while suffering severely with insufficient maintenance and a lack of funding.

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Gary Roughead

Gary Roughead ("rough head"; born July 15, 1951) is a former United States Navy officer who served as the 29th Chief of Naval Operations from September 29, 2007 to September 22, 2011.

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Gasoline

Gasoline (American English), or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in spark-ignited internal combustion engines.

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Gaspar Schott

Gaspar Schott (German: Kaspar (or Caspar) Schott; Latin: Gaspar Schottus; 5 February 1608 – 22 May 1666) was a German Jesuit and scientist, specializing in the fields of physics, mathematics and natural philosophy, and known for his industry.

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General Dynamics Electric Boat

General Dynamics Electric Boat (GDEB) is a subsidiary of General Dynamics Corporation.

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George Garrett (inventor)

George William Littler Garrett (4 July 1852 – 26 February 1902) was a British clergyman and inventor who pioneered submarine design.

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Georgia State University

Georgia State University (commonly referred to as Georgia State, State, or GSU) is a public research university in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

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German Americans

German Americans (Deutschamerikaner) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry.

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German Navy

The German Navy (Deutsche Marine or simply Marine—) is the navy of Germany and part of the unified Bundeswehr ("Federal Defense"), the German Armed Forces.

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German submarine U-19

U-19 may refer to one of the following German submarines.

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German submarine V-80

The V-80 (Versuchs-U-Boot V 80) was a 76-ton experimental submarine and the only representative of the German Type V design produced for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Giovanni Alfonso Borelli

Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (28 January 1608 – 31 December 1679) was a Renaissance Italian physiologist, physicist, and mathematician.

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Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force.

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Glomar Explorer

GSF Explorer, formerly USNS Hughes Glomar Explorer (T-AG-193), was a deep-sea drillship platform initially built for the United States Central Intelligence Agency Special Activities Division secret operation Project Azorian to recover the sunken Soviet submarine ''K-129'', lost in March 1968.

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Greywater

Greywater (also spelled graywater, grey water and gray water) or sullage is all wastewater generated in households or office buildings from streams without fecal contamination, i.e. all streams except for the wastewater from toilets.

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Guam

Guam (Chamorro: Guåhån) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States in Micronesia in the western Pacific Ocean.

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Harpoon (missile)

The Harpoon is an all-weather, over-the-horizon, anti-ship missile system, developed and manufactured by McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing Defense, Space & Security).

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Heligoland

Heligoland (Helgoland; Heligolandic Frisian: deät Lun, Mooring Frisian: Hålilönj) is a small German archipelago in the North Sea.

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Hellmuth Walter

Hellmuth Walter (26 August 1900 – 16 December 1980) was a German engineer who pioneered research into rocket engines and gas turbines.

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Henri Dupuy de Lôme

Stanislas Charles Henri Dupuy de Lôme (15 October 18161 February 1885) was a French naval architect.

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Herbert Werner

Herbert A. Werner (13 May 1920 – 6 April 2013) was a German submarine officer and captain during World War II.

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Howard Hughes

Howard Robard Hughes Jr. (December 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976) was an American business magnate, investor, record-setting pilot, film director, and philanthropist, known during his lifetime as one of the most financially successful individuals in the world.

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Human error

Human error has been cited as a primary cause contributing factor in disasters and accidents in industries as diverse as nuclear power (e.g., the Three Mile Island accident), aviation (see pilot error), space exploration (e.g., the Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster), and medicine (see medical error).

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.

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Ice Exercise 2009

Ice Exercise 2009 (ICEX) was a two-week US naval military exercise that took place in March 2009.

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Ictíneo II

Ictíneo II was a pioneering submarine launched in 1864 by the Spanish engineer Narcís Monturiol and was the first air independent and combustion powered submarine and was the first submarine to overcome the basic problems of machine powered underwater navigation.

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IDAS (missile)

IDAS (Interactive Defence and Attack System for Submarines) is a short-range missile currently being developed for the new Type 212 submarine class of the German Navy.

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Imperial Japanese Navy

The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國海軍 Shinjitai: 大日本帝国海軍 or 日本海軍 Nippon Kaigun, "Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 until 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's defeat and surrender in World War II.

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Indian Navy

The Indian Navy (IN; IAST: Bhāratīya Nau Senā) is the naval branch of the Indian Armed Forces.

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Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the liberation war in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 to the fall of Dacca (Dhaka) on 16 December 1971.

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Inertial navigation system

An inertial navigation system (INS) is a navigation aid that uses a computer, motion sensors (accelerometers), rotation sensors (gyroscopes), and occasionally magnetic sensors (magnetometers) to continuously calculate by dead reckoning the position, the orientation, and the velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the need for external references.

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Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.

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Isaac Peral

Isaac Peral y Caballero (Cartagena, 1 June 1851 – 22 May 1895, Berlin), was a Spanish engineer, naval officer and designer of the Peral Submarine.

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Jacques Piccard

Jacques Piccard (28 July 19221 November 2008) was a Swiss oceanographer and engineer, known for having developed underwater submarines for studying ocean currents.

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James P. Delgado

James Preston Delgado, Ph.D. (born January 11, 1958) is a maritime archaeologist, historian, maritime preservation expert, author, television host, and explorer.

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James VI and I

James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625.

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Jean Taisnier

Jean Taisner (or Taisnier) (Latin: Johannes Taisnerius; 1508, Ath, Habsburg Netherlands – 1562, Cologne) was a musician, astrologer, and self-styled mathematician who published a number of works.

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John Napier

John Napier of Merchiston (1550 – 4 April 1617); also signed as Neper, Nepair; nicknamed Marvellous Merchiston) was a Scottish landowner known as a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He was the 8th Laird of Merchiston. His Latinized name was Ioannes Neper. John Napier is best known as the discoverer of logarithms. He also invented the so-called "Napier's bones" and made common the use of the decimal point in arithmetic and mathematics. Napier's birthplace, Merchiston Tower in Edinburgh, is now part of the facilities of Edinburgh Napier University. Napier died from the effects of gout at home at Merchiston Castle and his remains were buried in the kirkyard of St Giles. Following the loss of the kirkyard there to build Parliament House, he was memorialised at St Cuthbert's at the west side of Edinburgh.

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John Philip Holland

John Philip Holland (Seán Pilib Ó hUallacháin/Ó Maolchalann) (24 February 184112 August 1914) was an Irish-American engineer who developed the first submarine to be formally commissioned by the US Navy, and the first Royal Navy submarine, Holland 1.

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Julius H. Kroehl

Julius Hermann Kroehl (in German, Kröhl) was a German American inventor and engineer.

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Kaiten

were manned torpedoes and suicide craft, used by the Imperial Japanese Navy in the final stages of World War II.

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Keel

On boats and ships, the keel is either of two parts: a structural element that sometimes resembles a fin and protrudes below a boat along the central line, or a hydrodynamic element.

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Kerosene

Kerosene, also known as paraffin, lamp oil, and coal oil (an obsolete term), is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum.

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Knot (unit)

The knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, exactly 1.852 km/h (approximately 1.15078 mph).

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Kobben-class submarine

The Kobben class (also known as Type 207) is a customized version of the German Type 205 submarine.

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Laptev Sea

The Laptev Sea (r; Лаптевтар байҕаллара) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean.

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Lüshunkou District

Lüshunkou District (also Lyushunkou District) is a district of Dalian, in Liaoning province, China.

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Lewis Nixon (naval architect)

Lewis Nixon (April 7, 1861 – September 23, 1940) was a naval architect, shipbuilding executive, public servant, and political activist.

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Liquid oxygen

Liquid oxygen—abbreviated LOx, LOX or Lox in the aerospace, submarine and gas industries—is one of the physical forms of elemental oxygen.

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List of nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll

There have been several nuclear and radiation accidents involving fatalities, including nuclear power plant accidents, nuclear submarine accidents, and radiotherapy incidents.

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List of ships sunk by submarines by death toll

Self-propelled torpedoes dramatically increased effectiveness of submarine warships.

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List of Soviet and Russian submarine classes

Submarines in the Soviet Navy were developed by numbered "projects", which were sometimes but not always given names.

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List of specifications of submarines of World War II

Submarines of World War II represented a wide range of capabilities with many types of varying specifications produced by dozens of countries.

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List of submarine actions

No description.

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List of submarine classes

This is a list of submarine classes, sorted by country.

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List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy

This is a list of submarine classes of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom.

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List of submarine classes of the United States Navy

Submarines of the United States Navy are built in classes, using a single design for a number of boats.

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List of submarine museums

This is a list of museums that include submarines that can either be toured or viewed on display.

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List of submarine operators

The following countries operate or have operated submarines for naval or other military purposes.

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List of submarines of France

The submarines of France include nuclear attack submarines and nuclear ballistic missile submarines of various classes, operated by the French Navy as part of the French Submarine Forces.

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List of submarines of the Indian Navy

This is a list of submarines of the Indian Navy, grouped by class, and ordered by pennant numbers within the class.

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List of submarines of the Netherlands

This is a list of submarines of the Netherlands navy.

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List of submarines of the Royal Navy

This is a list of Royal Navy submarines, arranged chronologically.

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List of submarines of the Spanish Navy

The list of submarines in the Spanish Navy, commissioned or otherwise operated by the Spanish Navy.

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List of submarines of the Turkish Navy

This is a list of Turkish Navy submarines that have served from 10 July 1920Cevat Ülkekul,, Piri Reis Symposium, Office of Navigation of Hydrography and Oceanography.

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List of submarines of the United States Navy

This is a list of submarines of the United States Navy, listed by hull number and by name.

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List of submarines of World War II

This is a list of submarines of the Second World War.

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List of sunken nuclear submarines

A total of nine nuclear submarines have sunk as a consequence of either accident or extensive damage.

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List of U-boats of Germany

Germany has commissioned over 1,500 U-boats (Unterseeboot) into its various navies from 1906 to the present day.

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Long ton

Long ton, also known as the imperial ton or displacement ton,Dictionary.com - "a unit for measuring the displacement of a vessel, equal to a long ton of 2240 pounds (1016 kg) or 35 cu.

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Magnetohydrodynamic drive

A magnetohydrodynamic drive or MHD accelerator is a method for propelling vehicles using only electric and magnetic fields with no moving parts, accelerating an electrically conductive propellant (liquid or gas) with magnetohydrodynamics.

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Manganese dioxide

Manganese(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula.

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Mariana Trench

The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.

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Merchant submarine

A merchant submarine is a type of submarine intended for trade, and being without armaments, it is not considered a warship like most other types of submarines.

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Merchant vessel

A merchant vessel, trading vessel or merchantman is a boat or ship that transports cargo or carries passengers for hire.

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Michael Mullen

Michael Glenn Mullen, AO, MSC (born October 4, 1946) is a retired United States Navy admiral, who served as the 17th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 1, 2007, to September 30, 2011.

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Midget submarine

A midget submarine (also called a mini submarine) is any submarine under 150 tons, typically operated by a crew of one or two but sometimes up to 6 or 9, with little or no on-board living accommodation.

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Midshipman

A midshipman is an officer of the junior-most rank, in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth navies.

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Minelayer

Minelaying is the act of deploying explosive mines.

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Mir (submersible)

Mir (Russian: "Мир", world or peace) is a self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.

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Narcís Monturiol

Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol (28 September 1819 – 6 September 1885) was a Spanish artist and engineer.

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Narco-submarine

A narco-submarine (also called drug sub and Bigfoot submarine) is a type of custom-made ocean-going self-propelled submersible vessel built by drug traffickers to smuggle drugs.

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Nautical Archaeology Society

The Nautical Archaeology Society (NAS) is a charity registered in England and Wales The Nautical Archaeology Society is registered charity number 264209 and in Scotland and is a company limited by guarantee.

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Naval mine

A naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to damage or destroy surface ships or submarines.

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Naval Submarine Base New London

Naval Submarine Base New London is the United States Navy's primary East Coast submarine base, also known as the "Home of the Submarine Force".

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Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory

The Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory (NSMRL) is located on the New London Submarine Base in Groton, Connecticut.

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Naval tactics

Naval tactics is the collective name for methods of engaging and defeating an enemy ship or fleet in battle at sea during naval warfare, the naval equivalent of military tactics on land.

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Naval tradition

A naval tradition is a tradition that is, or has been, observed in one or more navies.

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Navy

A navy or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.

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Newport, Rhode Island

Newport is a seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.

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North Africa

North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries and territories situated in the northern-most region of the African continent.

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North Pole

The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.

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North Sea

The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.

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Northwest Passage

The Northwest Passage (abbreviated as NWP) is, from the European and northern Atlantic point of view, the sea route to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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Nuclear marine propulsion

Nuclear marine propulsion is propulsion of a ship or submarine with heat provided by a nuclear power plant.

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Nuclear navy

Nuclear navy, or nuclear-powered navy consists of naval ships powered by relatively small onboard nuclear reactors known as naval reactors.

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Nuclear power

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.

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Nuclear propulsion

Nuclear propulsion includes a wide variety of propulsion methods that fulfill the promise of the Atomic Age by using some form of nuclear reaction as their primary power source.

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Nuclear reactor

A nuclear reactor, formerly known as an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction.

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Nuclear strategy

Nuclear strategy involves the development of doctrines and strategies for the production and use of nuclear weapons.

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Nuclear submarine

A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor.

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Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).

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Oceanography

Oceanography (compound of the Greek words ὠκεανός meaning "ocean" and γράφω meaning "write"), also known as oceanology, is the study of the physical and biological aspects of the ocean.

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Operation Highjump

Operation Highjump, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947, was a United States Navy operation organized by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN (Ret), Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Richard H. Cruzen, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68.

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Operation Nanook (1946)

Operation Nanook was an Arctic expedition undertaken by the United States Navy in 1946.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Pakistan Navy

The Pakistan Navy (rtl; Pɑkistan Bahri'a) (reporting name: PN) is the naval warfare branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces, responsible for Pakistan's of coastline along the Arabian Sea, and the defence of important civilian harbours and military bases.

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Pascal (unit)

The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the SI derived unit of pressure used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength.

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People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force

The People's Liberation Army Navy Submarine Force (PLANSF) is the submarine service of the People's Liberation Army Navy.

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Periscope

A periscope is an instrument for observation over, around or through an object, obstacle or condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from an observer's current position.

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Peter Huchthausen

Peter A. Huchthausen (25 September 1939 – 11 July 2008 in Amfreville, Manche, France) was a Captain in the United States Navy and the author of several maritime books.

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Philip Hammond

Philip Anthony Hammond (born 4 December 1955) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Chancellor of the Exchequer since 13 July 2016 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Runnymede and Weybridge since 1997.

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Photonics mast

A photonics mast (or optronics mastBBC News Scotland, 30 August 2007, 13:06 GMT) is a sensor on a submarine which functions similarly to a periscope without requiring a periscope tube, thus freeing design space during construction and limiting risks of water leakage in the event of damage.

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Polynya

A polynya is an area of open water surrounded by sea ice.

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Potassium chlorate

Potassium chlorate is a compound containing potassium, chlorine and oxygen atoms, with the molecular formula KClO3.

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Pounds per square inch

The pound per square inch or, more accurately, pound-force per square inch (symbol: lbf/in2; abbreviation: psi) is a unit of pressure or of stress based on avoirdupois units.

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Prism

In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light.

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Project Nekton

Project Nekton was the codename for a series of very shallow test dives (three of them in Apra Harbor) and also deep-submergence operations in the Pacific Ocean near Guam that ended with the United States Navy-owned research bathyscaphe ''Trieste'' entering the Challenger Deep, the deepest surveyed point in the world's oceans.

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Propeller

A propeller is a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust.

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Pump-jet

A view of pump-jets operating ''Discovery'' jet ski pump jet Rear view of pump-jet on a Mark 50 torpedo A pump-jet, hydrojet, or water jet is a marine system that creates a jet of water for propulsion.

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Radar

Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects.

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Radio silence

In telecommunications, radio silence or Emissions Control (EMCON) is a status in which all fixed or mobile radio stations in an area are asked to stop transmitting for safety or security reasons.

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Ray Mabus

Raymond Edwin Mabus Jr. (born October 11, 1948) is an American politician and diplomat and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Navy from 2009 to 2017.

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Reconnaissance

In military operations, reconnaissance or scouting is the exploration outside an area occupied by friendly forces to gain information about natural features and other activities in the area.

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Remotely operated vehicle

Remotely operated vehicles are vehicles which are controlled by an operator who is not in the vehicle.

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Reserve Officers' Training Corps

The Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) are a group of college and university-based officer training programs for training commissioned officers of the United States Armed Forces.

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Resurgam

Resurgam (Latin: "I shall rise again") is the name given to two early Victorian submarines designed and built in Britain by Reverend George Garrett as a weapon to penetrate the chain netting placed around ship hulls to defend against attack by torpedo vessels.

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Reverse osmosis

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules and larger particles from drinking water.

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Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia—Ejército del Pueblo, FARC–EP and FARC) was a guerrilla movement involved in the continuing Colombian armed conflict from 1964 to 2017.

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Robert Fulton

Robert Fulton (November 14, 1765 – February 25, 1815) was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Clermonts.

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Robert Whitehead

Robert Whitehead (3 January 1823 – 14 November 1905) was an English engineer, most famous for developing the first effective self-propelled naval torpedo.

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Romanian submarines of World War II

During the Second World War, the Royal Romanian Navy operated a total of 9 submarines: three fleet submarines and six midget submarines.

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Royal Australian Navy

The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force.

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Royal Canadian Navy

The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN; French: Marine royale canadienne) is the naval force of Canada.

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Royal Danish Navy

The Royal Danish Navy (Søværnet) is the sea-based branch of the Danish Defence force.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Royal Navy Submarine Service

The Royal Navy Submarine Service is the submarine element of the Royal Navy.

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Royal Norwegian Navy

The Royal Norwegian Navy (Norwegian: Sjøforsvaret, "the naval defence (forces)") is the branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces responsible for naval operations of the state of Norway.

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RPK-2 Vyuga

The RPK-2 Vyuga (meaning blizzard), also designated 81R, and identified by NATO as Starfish and the United States Department of Defense as SS-N-15, is a Soviet submarine-launched, nuclear-armed anti-submarine missile system, launched exclusively through 533mm torpedo tubes.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russo-Japanese War

The Russo–Japanese War (Russko-yaponskaya voina; Nichirosensō; 1904–05) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea.

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Sail (submarine)

In naval parlance, the sail (American usage) or fin (European/Commonwealth usage) of a submarine is the tower-like structure found on the dorsal (topside) surface of submarines.

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Salinity

Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water (see also soil salinity).

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Secretary of State for Defence

Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Defence (Defence Secretary) is an official within Her Majesty's Government and head of the Ministry of Defence.

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Semi-submersible

Semi-submersible may refer to a self-propelled vessel, such as.

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Semi-submersible naval vessel

A semi-submersible naval vessel is a hybrid warship, that combines the properties of a surface ship and submarine by using water ballast to partially immerse and minimize its above-waterline profile, thereby improving its stealth characteristics when in hostile waters.

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Ship

A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying passengers or goods, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research and fishing.

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Simon Lake

Simon Lake (September 4, 1866 – June 23, 1945) was a Quaker American mechanical engineer and naval architect who obtained over two hundred patents for advances in naval design and competed with John Philip Holland to build the first submarines for the United States Navy.

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Sloop-of-war

In the 18th century and most of the 19th, a sloop-of-war in the Royal Navy was a warship with a single gun deck that carried up to eighteen guns.

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Solveig Krey

Solveig Krey (born 20 March 1963) is a Norwegian naval officer.

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Som-class submarine

The Som class were a series of submarines built for the Imperial Russian Navy in 1904–1907.

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Sonar

Sonar (originally an acronym for SOund Navigation And Ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.

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Soundproofing

Soundproofing is any means of reducing the sound pressure with respect to a specified sound source and receptor.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Spanish Navy

The Spanish Navy (Armada Española) is the maritime branch of the Spanish Armed Forces and one of the oldest active naval forces in the world.

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Spar torpedo

A spar torpedo is a weapon consisting of a bomb placed at the end of a long pole, or spar, and attached to a boat.

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Special forces

Special forces and special operations forces are military units trained to conduct special operations.

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Spitsbergen

Spitsbergen (formerly known as West Spitsbergen; Norwegian: Vest Spitsbergen or Vestspitsbergen, also sometimes spelled Spitzbergen) is the largest and only permanently populated island of the Svalbard archipelago in northern Norway.

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SS X-1

X-1 (or SS X-1) was the United States Navy's only midget submarine (but see the NR-1 Deep Submergence Craft), laid down on 8 June 1954, at Deer Park, Long Island, New York, by the Engine Division of Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation, launched on 7 September 1955, at Oyster Bay, Long Island, by Jakobson Shipyard; delivered to the Navy on 6 October at New London, Connecticut, and placed in service on 7 October 1955, with Lieutenant Kevin Hanlon in command.

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SS-N-3 Shaddock

The P-5 "Pyatyorka" (П-5 «Пятёрка»; "Pyatyorka", "fiver" in English), also known by the NATO codename SS-N-3C Shaddock, is a Cold War era turbojet-powered cruise missile of the Soviet Union, designed by the Chelomey design bureau.

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SSM-N-8 Regulus

The SSM-N-8A Regulus or the Regulus I was a United States Navy-developed ship-and-submarine-launched, nuclear-capable turbojet-powered second generation cruise missile, deployed from 1955 to 1964.

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Stealth technology

Stealth technology also termed low observable technology (LO technology) is a sub-discipline of military tactics and passive electronic countermeasures, which cover a range of techniques used with personnel, aircraft, ships, submarines, missiles and satellites to make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared, sonar and other detection methods.

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Stirling engine

A Stirling engine is a heat engine that operates by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas (the working fluid) at different temperatures, such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work.

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Stonefish (mine)

The Stonefish naval influence mine is manufactured by a British defence company (BAE Systems).

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Sub Marine Explorer

Sub Marine Explorer is a submersible built between 1863 and 1866 by Julius H. Kroehl and Ariel Patterson in Brooklyn, New York for the Pacific Pearl Company.

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Submarine communications cable

A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the sea bed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean and sea.

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Submarine depth ratings

Depth ratings are primary design parameters and measures of a submarine's ability to operate underwater.

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Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment

Submarine Escape Immersion Equipment (SEIE), also known as Submarine Escape and Immersion Equipment, is a whole-body suit and one-man life raft, designed by British company RFD Beaufort Limited, that allows submariners to escape from a sunken submarine.

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Submarine films

The submarine film is a subgenre of war film in which the majority of the plot revolves around a submarine below the ocean's surface.

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Submarine Force Library and Museum

The United States Navy Submarine Force Library and Museum, located on the Thames River near Groton, Connecticut, United States, is the only submarine museum managed exclusively by the Naval History & Heritage Command division of the U.S. Navy, which makes it a repository for many special submarine items of national significance, including.

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Submarine forces (France)

The Submarine Forces of France (Forces Sous-Marines, FSM) is one of the four main components of the French Navy.

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Submarine hull

A submarine hull has two major components, the light hull and the pressure hull.

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Submarine power cable

A submarine power cable is a major transmission cable for carrying electric power below the surface of the water.

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Submarine simulator

A submarine simulator is usually a computer game in which the player commands a submarine.

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Submarine snorkel

A submarine snorkel is a device which allows a submarine to operate submerged while still taking in air from above the surface.

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Submarine Voyage

The Submarine Voyage was an attraction at Disneyland in Anaheim, California.

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Submarine warfare

Submarine warfare is one of the four divisions of underwater warfare, the others being anti-submarine warfare, mine warfare and mine countermeasures.

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Submarine-launched ballistic missile

A submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) is a ballistic missile capable of being launched from submarines.

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Submarines in the United States Navy

There are three major types of submarines in the United States Navy: ballistic missile submarines, attack submarines, and cruise missile submarines.

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Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy

Imperial Japanese Navy submarines originated with the purchase of five Holland type submarines from the United States in 1904.

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Submersible

A submersible is a small vehicle designed to operate underwater.

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Supercavitation

Supercavitation is the use of cavitation effects to create a bubble of gas or vapor large enough to encompass an object travelling through a liquid, greatly reducing the skin friction drag on the object and enabling high speeds.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Swedish Navy

The Swedish Royal Navy (Svenska marinen) is the naval branch of the Swedish Armed Forces.

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Syntactic foam

Syntactic foams are composite materials synthesized by filling a metal, polymer, or ceramic matrix with hollow spheres called microballoons or cenospheres or non-hollow spheres (e.g. perlite).

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Tagus

The Tagus (Tajo,; Tejo) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula.

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Teardrop hull

A teardrop hull is a submarine hull design which emphasizes hydrodynamic flow above all other factors.

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The Gentleman's Magazine

The Gentleman's Magazine was founded in London, England, by Edward Cave in January 1731.

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The Hunt for Red October

The Hunt for Red October is Tom Clancy's 1984 debut novel.

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The Hunt for Red October (film)

The Hunt for Red October is a 1990 American espionage thriller film produced by Mace Neufeld, directed by John McTiernan, that stars Sean Connery, Alec Baldwin, Scott Glenn, James Earl Jones, and Sam Neill.

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Thermocline

A thermocline (also known as the thermal layer or the metalimnion in lakes) is a thin but distinct layer in a large body of fluid (e.g. water, such as an ocean or lake) or air (such as an atmosphere) in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below.

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Thorsten Nordenfelt

Thorsten Nordenfelt (1 May 1842 – 18 August 1920), was a Swedish inventor and industrialist.

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Titanium

Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22.

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Toledo, Spain

Toledo is a city and municipality located in central Spain; it is the capital of the province of Toledo and the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha.

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Tomahawk (missile)

The Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) is a long-range, all-weather, subsonic cruise missile that is primarily used by the United States Navy and Royal Navy in ship and submarine-based land-attack operations.

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Torpedo

A modern torpedo is a self-propelled weapon with an explosive warhead, launched above or below the water surface, propelled underwater towards a target, and designed to detonate either on contact with its target or in proximity to it.

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Turbine

A turbine (from the Latin turbo, a vortex, related to the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, meaning "turbulence") is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.

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Turtle (submersible)

Turtle (also called American Turtle) was the world's first submersible vessel with a documented record of use in combat.

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Type 212 submarine

The German Type 212 class, also Italian Todaro class, is a highly advanced design of non-nuclear submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) for the German and Italian navies.

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Type 95 torpedo

The Type 95 torpedo was a torpedo of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

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Type VII submarine

Type VII U-boats were the most common type of German World War II U-boat.

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Type XVII submarine

The Type XVII U-boats were small coastal submarines that used Hellmuth Walter's high-test peroxide propulsion system, which offered a combination of air-independent propulsion and high submerged speeds.

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Type XXI submarine

Type XXI U-boats were a class of German diesel-electric Elektroboot (German: "electric boat") submarines designed during the Second World War.

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U-boat

U-boat is an anglicised version of the German word U-Boot, a shortening of Unterseeboot, literally "undersea boat".

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UGM-27 Polaris

The UGM-27 Polaris missile was a two-stage solid-fueled nuclear-armed submarine-launched ballistic missile.

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Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society

The Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS) is an organization based in the US which supports research on matters of hyperbaric medicine and physiology, and provides a certificate of added qualification for physicians with an unrestricted license to practice medicine and for limited licensed practitioners, at the completion of the Program for Advanced Training in Hyperbaric Medicine.

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Underwater archaeology

Underwater archaeology is archaeology practiced underwater.

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Underwater diving

Underwater diving, as a human activity, is the practice of descending below the water's surface to interact with the environment.

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Underwater telephone

The underwater telephone, also known as UQC, AN/WQC-2, or Gertrude, was developed by the U.S. Navy in 1945.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Naval Academy

The United States Naval Academy (also known as USNA, Annapolis, or simply Navy) is a four-year coeducational federal service academy in Annapolis, Maryland.

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United States Navy

The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.

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United States Porpoise-class submarine

The Porpoise class were submarines built for the United States Navy in the late 1930s, and incorporated a number of modern features that would make them the basis for subsequent,,,,, and classes.

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United States S-class submarine

The United States' S-class submarines, often simply called S-boats (sometimes "Sugar" boats, after the then contemporary Navy phonetic alphabet for "S"), were the first class of submarines with a significant number built to United States Navy designs.

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Unrestricted submarine warfare

Unrestricted submarine warfare is a type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning, as opposed to attacks per prize rules (also known as "cruiser rules").

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UUM-44 SUBROC

The UUM-44 SUBROC (SUBmarine ROCket) was a type of submarine-launched rocket deployed by the United States Navy as an anti-submarine weapon.

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Very low frequency

Very low frequency or VLF is the ITU designation for radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 3 to 30 kilohertz (kHz), corresponding to wavelengths from 100 to 10 kilometers, respectively.

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Vickers

Vickers was a famous name in British engineering that existed through many companies from 1828 until 1999.

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Vladivostok

Vladivostok (p, literally ruler of the east) is a city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, located around the Golden Horn Bay, not far from Russia's borders with China and North Korea.

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Watercraft

Watercraft or marine vessel are water-borne vehicles including ships, boats, hovercraft and submarines.

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Wet sub

A wet sub is a type of underwater vehicle (submarine) that does not provide a dry environment for its occupants.

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Whitehead torpedo

The Whitehead torpedo was the first self-propelled or "locomotive" torpedo ever developed.

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William Bourne (mathematician)

William Bourne (c. 1535–1582) was an English mathematician, innkeeper and former Royal Navy gunner who presented the first design for a navigable submarine and wrote important navigational manuals.

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Wolfpack (naval tactic)

The term wolfpack refers to the mass-attack tactics against convoys used by German U-boats of the Kriegsmarine during the Battle of the Atlantic, and by submarines of the United States Navy against Japanese shipping in the Pacific Ocean in World War II.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Zinc

Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

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1,000,000,000

1,000,000,000 (one billion, short scale; one thousand million or milliard, yard, long scale) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001.

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1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane

1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane, or R-114, also known as cryofluorane (INN), is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) with the molecular formula ClF2CCF2Cl.

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Diesel submarine, Diesel submarines, Diesel-electric submarine, Fast attack Submarine, Military submarine, Patrol submarine, Pig boat, Submariners, Submarines, Submarines in World War II, Submarines in world war 2, Underwater boat, Underwater vehicles.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine

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