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138 relations: Advanced Encryption Standard, Allies of World War II, Ancient Greek, Artemis Fowl, Atbash, Autokey cipher, Babylon 5, Basis (linear algebra), Beale ciphers, Beaufort cipher, Bifid cipher, Binary number, BioShock Infinite, Blaise de Vigenère, Bletchley Park, Block cipher, Book cipher, Caesar cipher, Charles Babbage, Charles Wheatstone, Cipher, Ciphertext, Claude Shannon, Code (cryptography), Code word, Codebook, Computer, Confusion and diffusion, Copiale cipher, Crimean War, Cryptanalysis, Cryptogram, Cryptography, Cuban Missile Crisis, Data Encryption Standard, Dilly Knox, Dimension, Diplomacy, Dvorak encoding, Electricity, Encryption, English alphabet, English language, Enigma machine, Eoin Colfer, Espionage, Exclusive or, Félix Delastelle, Feistel cipher, Final Fantasy X, ..., Four-square cipher, Francesco I Gonzaga, French language, Frequency distribution, Friedrich Kasiski, Futurama, Giambattista della Porta, Gilbert Vernam, Glyph, Government, Government Communications Headquarters, Gravity Falls, Great Cipher, Hartley (unit), Hebern rotor machine, Hill cipher, History, Homophony (writing), Intelligence agency, Johannes Trithemius, Joseph Mauborgne, Key (cryptography), Key size, Keystream, Known-plaintext attack, Kristin Cashore, Latin, Leet, Leon Battista Alberti, Lester S. Hill, Linear algebra, Linearity, List of political conspiracies, List of rulers of Mantua, Louis XIV of France, Marian Rejewski, Matrix (mathematics), Minbari, Modular arithmetic, Moscow, Moscow–Washington hotline, Nonlinear system, Null character, Numeral system, One-time pad, Outline of cryptography, Periodic function, Pigpen cipher, Plaintext, Playfair cipher, Poland, Prime number, Randomness, Rockex, Rossignols, Rotor machine, Running key cipher, S-box, Second Boer War, Sherlock Holmes, SIGABA, Signal Intelligence Service, Soviet Union, Spira (Final Fantasy), Star Fox Adventures, Steganography, Stream cipher, Substitution cipher, Substitution–permutation network, Table (information), Tabula recta, Telegraphy, The Adventure of the Dancing Men, The Devil Is a Part-Timer!, The Wall Street Journal, Transposition cipher, Trifid cipher, Typex, Unicity distance, Vector space, Venona project, VIC cipher, Vigenère cipher, Washington, D.C., Wehrmacht, William F. Friedman, World War I, World War II. Expand index (88 more) »
Advanced Encryption Standard
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael, is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.
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Allies of World War II
The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Artemis Fowl
Artemis Fowl is a series of eight science fiction fantasy novels written by Irish author Eoin Colfer, featuring the criminal mastermind Artemis Fowl II.
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Atbash
Atbash (אתבש; also transliterated Atbaš) is a monoalphabetic substitution cipher originally used to encrypt the Hebrew alphabet.
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Autokey cipher
An autokey cipher (also known as the autoclave cipher) is a cipher which incorporates the message (the plaintext) into the key.
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Babylon 5
Babylon 5 is an American science fiction television series created by writer and producer J. Michael Straczynski, under the Babylonian Productions label, in association with Straczynski's Synthetic Worlds Ltd.
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Basis (linear algebra)
In mathematics, a set of elements (vectors) in a vector space V is called a basis, or a set of, if the vectors are linearly independent and every vector in the vector space is a linear combination of this set.
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Beale ciphers
The Beale ciphers, also referred to as the Beale Papers, are a set of three ciphertexts, one of which allegedly states the location of a buried treasure of gold, silver and jewels estimated to be worth over US$43 million.
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Beaufort cipher
The Beaufort cipher, created by Sir Francis Beaufort, is a substitution cipher similar to the Vigenère cipher, with a slightly modified enciphering mechanism and tableau.
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Bifid cipher
In classical cryptography, the bifid cipher is a cipher which combines the Polybius square with transposition, and uses fractionation to achieve diffusion.
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Binary number
In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one).
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BioShock Infinite
BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games.
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Blaise de Vigenère
Blaise de Vigenère (5 April 1523 – 19 February 1596) was a French diplomat, cryptographer, translator and alchemist.
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Bletchley Park
Bletchley Park was the central site for British (and subsequently, Allied) codebreakers during World War II.
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Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called a block, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key.
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Book cipher
A book cipher is a cipher in which the key is some aspect of a book or other piece of text.
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Caesar cipher
E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext.
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Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage (26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath.
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Charles Wheatstone
Sir Charles Wheatstone FRS (6 February 1802 – 19 October 1875), was an English scientist and inventor of many scientific breakthroughs of the Victorian era, including the English concertina, the stereoscope (a device for displaying three-dimensional images), and the Playfair cipher (an encryption technique).
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Cipher
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure.
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Ciphertext
In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher.
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Claude Shannon
Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory".
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Code (cryptography)
Cryptography in simple terms means the use of any alphabet or numerical statement which has a meaning or stores a message.
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Code word
In communication, a code word is an element of a standardized code or protocol.
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Codebook
A codebook is a type of document used for gathering and storing codes.
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Computer
A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.
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Confusion and diffusion
In cryptography, confusion and diffusion are two properties of the operation of a secure cipher identified by Claude Shannon in his 1945 classified report A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography. These properties, when present, work to thwart the application of statistics and other methods of cryptanalysis.
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Copiale cipher
The Copiale cipher is an encrypted manuscript consisting of 75,000 handwritten characters filling 105 pages in a bound volume.
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Crimean War
The Crimean War (or translation) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia.
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Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analýein, "to loosen" or "to untie") is the study of analyzing information systems in order to study the hidden aspects of the systems.
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Cryptogram
A cryptogram is a type of puzzle that consists of a short piece of encrypted text.
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Cryptography
Cryptography or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis of 1962 (Crisis de Octubre), the Caribbean Crisis, or the Missile Scare, was a 13-day (October 16–28, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba.
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Data Encryption Standard
The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of electronic data.
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Dilly Knox
Alfred Dillwyn "Dilly" Knox, CMG (23 July 1884 – 27 February 1943) was a British classics scholar and papyrologist at King's College, Cambridge and a codebreaker.
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Dimension
In physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it.
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Diplomacy
Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of states.
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Dvorak encoding
Dvorak encoding is a type of encoding based on the differences in layout of a QWERTY keyboard and a Dvorak keyboard.
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Electricity
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of electric charge.
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Encryption
In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.
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English alphabet
The modern English alphabet is a Latin alphabet consisting of 26 letters, each having an uppercase and a lowercase form: The same letters constitute the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Enigma machine
The Enigma machines were a series of electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic and military communication.
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Eoin Colfer
Eoin Colfer (born 14 May 1965) is an Irish author of children's books.
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Espionage
Espionage or spying, is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information without the permission of the holder of the information.
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Exclusive or
Exclusive or or exclusive disjunction is a logical operation that outputs true only when inputs differ (one is true, the other is false).
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Félix Delastelle
Félix-Marie Delastelle (2 January 1840–2 April 1902) was a French cryptographer, best known for inventing the bifid cipher, first presented in the Revue du Génie civil in 1895 under the name of "cryptographie nouvelle".
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Feistel cipher
In cryptography, a Feistel cipher is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the German-born physicist and cryptographer Horst Feistel who did pioneering research while working for IBM (USA); it is also commonly known as a Feistel network.
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Final Fantasy X
is a role-playing video game developed and published by Square as the tenth entry in the Final Fantasy series.
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Four-square cipher
The four-square cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique.
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Francesco I Gonzaga
Portrait of Francesco I Gonzaga Francesco I Gonzaga (1366 – 7 March 1407) was ruler of Mantua from 1382 to 1407.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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Frequency distribution
In statistics, a frequency distribution is a list, table or graph that displays the frequency of various outcomes in a sample.
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Friedrich Kasiski
Major Friedrich Wilhelm Kasiski (29 November 1805 – 22 May 1881) was a German infantry officer, cryptographer and archeologist.
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Futurama
Futurama is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company.
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Giambattista della Porta
Giambattista della Porta (1535? – 4 February 1615), also known as Giovanni Battista Della Porta, was an Italian scholar, polymath and playwright who lived in Naples at the time of the Scientific Revolution and Reformation.
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Gilbert Vernam
Gilbert Sandford Vernam (3 April 1890 – 7 February 1960) was a Worcester Polytechnic Institute 1914 graduate and AT&T Bell Labs engineer who, in 1917, invented an additive polyalphabetic stream cipher and later co-invented an automated one-time pad cipher.
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Glyph
In typography, a glyph is an elemental symbol within an agreed set of symbols, intended to represent a readable character for the purposes of writing.
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Government
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state.
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Government Communications Headquarters
The Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) is an intelligence and security organisation responsible for providing signals intelligence (SIGINT) and information assurance to the government and armed forces of the United Kingdom.
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Gravity Falls
Gravity Falls is an American animated television series produced by Disney Television Animation originally for Disney Channel (and then later for Disney XD) from June 15, 2012, to February 15, 2016.
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Great Cipher
In the history of cryptography, the Great Cipher or Grand Chiffre was a nomenclator cipher developed by the Rossignols, several generations of whom served the French Crown as cryptographers.
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Hartley (unit)
The hartley (symbol Hart), also called a ban, or a dit (short for decimal digit), is a logarithmic unit which measures information or entropy, based on base 10 logarithms and powers of 10, rather than the powers of 2 and base 2 logarithms which define the bit, or shannon.
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Hebern rotor machine
The Hebern Rotor Machine was an electro-mechanical encryption machine built by combining the mechanical parts of a standard typewriter with the electrical parts of an electric typewriter, connecting the two through a scrambler.
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Hill cipher
In classical cryptography, the Hill cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher based on linear algebra.
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History
History (from Greek ἱστορία, historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past as it is described in written documents.
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Homophony (writing)
Homophony (from the ὁμός, homós, "same" and φωνή, phōnē, "sound") in a theory of writing systems is one of the forms of phonogram –meaning “different signs for the same value”, i.e. the same sound combinations represented by different signs.
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Intelligence agency
An intelligence agency is a government agency responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, and foreign policy objectives.
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Johannes Trithemius
Johannes Trithemius (1 February 1462 – 13 December 1516), born Johann Heidenberg, was a German Benedictine abbot and a polymath who was active in the German Renaissance as a lexicographer, chronicler, cryptographer, and occultist.
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Joseph Mauborgne
Joseph Oswald Mauborgne (February 26, 1881 – June 7, 1971) co-invented the one-time pad with Gilbert Vernam of Bell Labs.
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Key (cryptography)
In cryptography, a key is a piece of information (a parameter) that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm.
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Key size
In cryptography, key size or key length is the number of bits in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm (such as a cipher).
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Keystream
In cryptography, a keystream is a stream of random or pseudorandom characters that are combined with a plaintext message to produce an encrypted message (the ciphertext).
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Known-plaintext attack
The known-plaintext attack (KPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has access to both the plaintext (called a crib), and its encrypted version (ciphertext).
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Kristin Cashore
Kristin Cashore (born 1976) is an American young adult and fantasy writer.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Leet
Leet (or "1337"), also known as eleet or leetspeak, is a system of modified spellings and verbiage used primarily on the Internet for many phonetic languages.
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Leon Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti (February 14, 1404 – April 25, 1472) was an Italian humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer; he epitomised the Renaissance Man.
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Lester S. Hill
Lester S. Hill (1891–1961) was an American mathematician and educator who was interested in applications of mathematics to communications.
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Linear algebra
Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations such as linear functions such as and their representations through matrices and vector spaces.
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Linearity
Linearity is the property of a mathematical relationship or function which means that it can be graphically represented as a straight line.
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List of political conspiracies
In a political sense, conspiracy refers to a group of people united in the goal of usurping, altering or overthrowing an established political power.
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List of rulers of Mantua
During his history as independent entity, Mantua knew different rulers, who governed on the city and the lands of Mantua from Middle Ages to early modern period.
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Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (Roi Soleil), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.
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Marian Rejewski
Marian Adam Rejewski (16 August 1905 – 13 February 1980) was a Polish mathematician and cryptologist who reconstructed the Nazi German military Enigma cipher machine sight-unseen in 1932.
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Matrix (mathematics)
In mathematics, a matrix (plural: matrices) is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns.
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Minbari
The Minbari are a fictional alien race featured in the television show Babylon 5.
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Modular arithmetic
In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" upon reaching a certain value—the modulus (plural moduli).
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Moscow
Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.
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Moscow–Washington hotline
The Moscow–Washington hotline (formally known in the United States as the Washington–Moscow Direct Communications Link; r) is a system that allows direct communication between the leaders of the United States and the Russian Federation.
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Nonlinear system
In mathematics and science, a nonlinear system is a system in which the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input.
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Null character
The null character (also null terminator or null byte), abbreviated NUL, is a control character with the value zero.
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Numeral system
A numeral system (or system of numeration) is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner.
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One-time pad
In cryptography, the one-time pad (OTP) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked, but requires the use of a one-time pre-shared key the same size as, or longer than, the message being sent.
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Outline of cryptography
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information.
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Periodic function
In mathematics, a periodic function is a function that repeats its values in regular intervals or periods.
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Pigpen cipher
The pigpen cipher (alternately referred to as the masonic cipher, Freemason's cipher, Napoleon cipher, and tic-tac-toe cipher)Barker, p. 40Wrixon, p. 27 is a geometric simple substitution cipher, which exchanges letters for symbols which are fragments of a grid.
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Plaintext
In cryptography, plaintext or cleartext is unencrypted information, as opposed to information encrypted for storage or transmission.
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Playfair cipher
The Playfair cipher or Playfair square or Wheatstone-Playfair cipher is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digram substitution cipher.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Prime number
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.
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Randomness
Randomness is the lack of pattern or predictability in events.
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Rockex
Rockex, or Telekrypton, was an offline one-time tape cipher machine known to have been used by Britain and Canada from 1943.
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Rossignols
The Rossignols, a family of French cryptographers and cryptanalysts, included.
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Rotor machine
In cryptography, a rotor machine is an electro-mechanical stream cipher device used for encrypting and decrypting secret messages.
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Running key cipher
In classical cryptography, the running key cipher is a type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher in which a text, typically from a book, is used to provide a very long keystream.
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S-box
In cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution.
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Second Boer War
The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa.
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Sherlock Holmes
Sherlock Holmes is a fictional private detective created by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
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SIGABA
In the history of cryptography, the ECM Mark II was a cipher machine used by the United States for message encryption from World War II until the 1950s.
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Signal Intelligence Service
The Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) was the United States Army codebreaking division, headquartered at Arlington Hall (former campus of Arlington Hall Junior College for Women, founded 1927 to 1942, on Arlington Boulevard in Arlington, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C.).
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Spira (Final Fantasy)
Spira is the fictional world of the Square role-playing video games Final Fantasy X and Final Fantasy X-2.
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Star Fox Adventures
Star Fox Adventures is an action-adventure video game, developed by Rare and published by Nintendo.
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Steganography
Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video.
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Stream cipher
A stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream).
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Substitution cipher
In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting by which units of plaintext are replaced with ciphertext, according to a fixed system; the "units" may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth.
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Substitution–permutation network
In cryptography, an SP-network, or substitution–permutation network (SPN), is a series of linked mathematical operations used in block cipher algorithms such as AES (Rijndael), 3-Way, Kuznyechik, PRESENT, SAFER, SHARK, and Square.
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Table (information)
A table is an arrangement of data in rows and columns, or possibly in a more complex structure.
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Tabula recta
In cryptography, the tabula recta (from Latin tabula rēcta) is a square table of alphabets, each row of which is made by shifting the previous one to the left.
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Telegraphy
Telegraphy (from Greek: τῆλε têle, "at a distance" and γράφειν gráphein, "to write") is the long-distance transmission of textual or symbolic (as opposed to verbal or audio) messages without the physical exchange of an object bearing the message.
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The Adventure of the Dancing Men
"The Adventure of the Dancing Men", a Sherlock Holmes story written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle published as The Return of Sherlock Holmes.
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The Devil Is a Part-Timer!
is a Japanese light novel series written by Satoshi Wagahara, with illustrations by Oniku (written as 029).
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The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.
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Transposition cipher
In cryptography, a transposition cipher is a method of encryption by which the positions held by units of plaintext (which are commonly characters or groups of characters) are shifted according to a regular system, so that the ciphertext constitutes a permutation of the plaintext.
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Trifid cipher
The trifid cipher is a classical cipher invented by Félix Delastelle and described in 1902.
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Typex
In the history of cryptography, Typex (alternatively, Type X or TypeX) machines were British cipher machines used from 1937.
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Unicity distance
In cryptography, unicity distance is the length of an original ciphertext needed to break the cipher by reducing the number of possible spurious keys to zero in a brute force attack.
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Vector space
A vector space (also called a linear space) is a collection of objects called vectors, which may be added together and multiplied ("scaled") by numbers, called scalars.
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Venona project
The Venona project was a counterintelligence program initiated by the United States Army's Signal Intelligence Service (later the National Security Agency) that ran from February 1, 1943 until October 1, 1980.
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VIC cipher
The VIC cipher was a pencil and paper cipher used by the Soviet spy Reino Häyhänen, codenamed "VICTOR".
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Vigenère cipher
The Vigenère cipher is a method of encrypting alphabetic text by using a series of interwoven Caesar ciphers based on the letters of a keyword.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.
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Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".
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William F. Friedman
William Frederick Friedman (September 24, 1891 – November 12, 1969) was a US Army cryptographer who ran the research division of the Army's Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) in the 1930s, and parts of its follow-on services into the 1950s.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Redirects here:
Cipher language, Homophonic cipher, Homophonic substitution cipher, Letter-substitution cipher, Monoalphabetic cipher, Monoalphabetic substitution, Monoalphabetic substitution cipher, Nomenclator cipher, Replacement cipher, Simple substitution, Simple substitution cipher, Substitution alphabet, Substitution ciphers, Substitution cryptography, Substitution cypher, Substitutions ciphers.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher
