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251 relations: Adat, Administrative court, Appeal, Appellate court, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, Australia, Basic law, Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, British Empire, Calder v. Bull, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, China, Chulalongkorn, Civil code, Civil law (legal system), Common law, Commonwealth of Nations, Conseil d'État (France), Constitution, Constitution of Argentina, Constitution of Austria, Constitution of France, Constitution of India, Constitution of Nauru, Constitution of Portugal, Constitution of South Africa, Constitution of the Philippines, Constitutional Council (France), Constitutional court, Constitutional Court (Austria), Constitutional Court (Portugal), Constitutional Court of Croatia, Constitutional Court of Indonesia, Constitutional Court of Italy, Constitutional Court of South Africa, Constitutional Reform Act 2005, Constitutionalism, Constitutionality, Corpus Juris Civilis, Court, Court of Appeal of New Zealand, Court of Auditors (Portugal), Court of Cassation (France), Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong), Court of Final Appeal (Macau), Court of Session, Courts of Denmark, Courts of England and Wales, Courts of Northern Ireland, Criminal justice, ..., Criminal law, Croatia, Custom (law), Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920, De facto, De jure, Delaware, Delaware Court of Chancery, Delaware Supreme Court, Devolution, Direct democracy, Dublin, Ecclesiastical court, Election law, Elections in Brazil, En banc, England and Wales, Equity (law), European Convention on Human Rights, European Court of Justice, Executive (government), Federal Administrative Court (Germany), Federal Constitutional Court, Federal Council (Switzerland), Federal Court of Justice, Federal Fiscal Court, Federal Labour Court, Federal law, Federal Senate, Federal Social Court, Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, Federal Supreme Court of the United Arab Emirates, Federation, Four Courts, Frederick III of Denmark, Germany, Government of Sweden, Government of Wales Act 1998, Habeas corpus, Hans Kelsen, High Court (France), High Court (Hong Kong), High Court of Australia, High Court of Cassation and Justice, High Court of Justiciary, High Court of New Zealand, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Basic Law, House of Lords, India, Islamic criminal law in Aceh, Israel, Israeli law, Italy, Jerusalem, Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts of the Federation, Judgment (law), Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, Judicial functions of the House of Lords, Judicial independence, Judicial review, Judicial system of China, Judicial Yuan, Judiciary, Judiciary of Austria, Judiciary of Hong Kong, Judiciary of Peru, Judiciary of Portugal, Jurisdiction, Jurisprudence constante, Justice, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Labour law, Law of Austria, Law of Brazil, Law of Denmark, Law of France, Law of Germany, Law of Hong Kong, Law of India, Law of Indonesia, Law of Japan, Law of Nauru, Law of New Zealand, Law of Poland, Law of Portugal, Law of Romania, Law of South Africa, Law of Sweden, Law of Switzerland, Law of the Netherlands, Law of the People's Republic of China, Law of the United States, Law of Ukraine, Law of Vietnam, Legislation, Legislature, List of supreme courts by country, Literal translation, Lord Chancellor, Lundy murders, Luxembourg, Macau, Maine, Marbury v. 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Adat
Adat (Jawi: عادت) is the generic term derived from Arabic language for describing a variety of local customary practices and tradition as observed by Muslim communities in North Caucasus, Central Asia and Southeast Asia.
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Administrative court
An administrative court is a type of court specializing in administrative law, particularly disputes concerning the exercise of public power.
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Appeal
In law, an appeal is the process in which cases are reviewed, where parties request a formal change to an official decision.
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Appellate court
An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court, court of appeals (American English), appeal court (British English), court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal.
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Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines is one of 15 members of the Philippine Supreme Court, the highest court in the Philippines.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Basic law
The term basic law is used in some places as an alternative to "constitution", implying it is a temporary but necessary measure without formal enactment of constitution.
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Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is the constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.
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Calder v. Bull
Calder v. Bull,,. is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court decided four important points of constitutional law.
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Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Chief Justice of the Philippines (Punong Mahistrado ng Pilipinas) presides over the Supreme Court of the Philippines and is the highest judicial officer of the government of the Philippines.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Chulalongkorn
Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chunla Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua (พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว), or Rama V (20 September 1853 – 23 October 1910), was the fifth monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri.
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Civil code
A civil code is a systematic collection of laws designed to deal with the core areas of private law such as for dealing with business and negligence lawsuits and practices.
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Civil law (legal system)
Civil law, civilian law, or Roman law is a legal system originating in Europe, intellectualized within the framework of Roman law, the main feature of which is that its core principles are codified into a referable system which serves as the primary source of law.
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Common law
Common law (also known as judicial precedent or judge-made law, or case law) is that body of law derived from judicial decisions of courts and similar tribunals.
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Commonwealth of Nations
The Commonwealth of Nations, often known as simply the Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire.
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Conseil d'État (France)
In France, the Council of State (Conseil d'État) is a body of the French national government that acts both as legal adviser of the executive branch and as the supreme court for administrative justice.
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Constitution
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.
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Constitution of Argentina
The Constitution of Argentina is the basic governing document of Argentina, and the primary source of existing law in Argentina.
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Constitution of Austria
The Constitution of Austria (Österreichische Bundesverfassung) is the body of all constitutional law of the Republic of Austria on the federal level.
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Constitution of France
The current Constitution of France was adopted on 4 October 1958.
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Constitution of India
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.
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Constitution of Nauru
The constitution of the Republic of Nauru was adopted following national independence on 31 January 1968.
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Constitution of Portugal
The present Constitution of Portugal was adopted in 1976 after the Carnation Revolution.
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Constitution of South Africa
The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa.
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Constitution of the Philippines
The Constitution of the Philippines (Filipino: Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas or Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas) is the constitution or supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines.
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Constitutional Council (France)
The Constitutional Council (Conseil constitutionnel) is the highest constitutional authority in France.
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Constitutional court
A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law.
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Constitutional Court (Austria)
In the Republic of Austria, the Constitutional Court (German: Verfassungsgerichtshof or VfGH) is the tribunal in charge of the judicial review of the constitutionality of statutes, the legality of ordinances and other secondary legislation, and the constitutionality of decisions of certain other courts.
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Constitutional Court (Portugal)
The Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional) is a special court, defined by the Portuguese Constitution as part of the judicial branch of the Portuguese political organization.
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Constitutional Court of Croatia
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia (Ustavni sud Republike Hrvatske) is an institution that acts as the interpreter and guardian of the Croatian Constitution and which monitors the conformity of laws with the Constitution as well as protection of human rights and freedoms of citizens that are guaranteed by the Constitution.
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Constitutional Court of Indonesia
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia (Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia) is an court in Indonesia which part of Judicial branch of Government of Indonesia, whose primary role is the reviewing of constitutionality under the Constitution.
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Constitutional Court of Italy
The Constitutional Court of the Italian Republic (Corte costituzionale della Repubblica Italiana) is the highest court of Italy in matters of constitutional law.
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Constitutional Court of South Africa
The Constitutional Court of South Africa is a supreme constitutional court established by the Constitution of South Africa.
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Constitutional Reform Act 2005
The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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Constitutionalism
Constitutionalism is "a complex of ideas, attitudes, and patterns of behavior elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from and is limited by a body of fundamental law".
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Constitutionality
Constitutionality is the condition of acting in accordance with an applicable constitution; the status of a law, a procedure, or an act's accordance with the laws or guidelines set forth in the applicable constitution.
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Corpus Juris Civilis
The Corpus Juris (or Iuris) Civilis ("Body of Civil Law") is the modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor.
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Court
A court is a tribunal, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law.
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Court of Appeal of New Zealand
The Court of Appeal of New Zealand is principal intermediate appellate court of New Zealand.
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Court of Auditors (Portugal)
The Portuguese Court of Audits (Tribunal de Contas) is the high-court in Portugal responsible for reviewing the legal issues on public expenditure and delivering judgement on those accounts relating to.
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Court of Cassation (France)
The Court of Cassation (Cour de cassation) founded in 1804 is one of France's courts of last resort having jurisdiction over all matters triable in the judicial stream with scope of certifying questions of law and review in determining miscarriages of justice.
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Court of Final Appeal (Hong Kong)
The Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal is the final appellate court of Hong Kong.
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Court of Final Appeal (Macau)
The Court of Final Appeal of Macau (Tribunal de Última Instância de Macau) is the court with the final adjudication power on laws of Macau.
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Court of Session
The Court of Session (Cùirt an t-Seisein; Coort o Session) is the supreme civil court of Scotland, and constitutes part of the College of Justice; the supreme criminal court of Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.
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Courts of Denmark
The Courts of Denmark is the ordinary court system of the Kingdom of Denmark.
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Courts of England and Wales
The Courts of England and Wales, supported administratively by Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service, are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in England and Wales.
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Courts of Northern Ireland
The courts of Northern Ireland are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in Northern Ireland: they are constituted and governed by Northern Ireland law.
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Criminal justice
Criminal justice is the delivery of justice to those who have committed crimes.
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Criminal law
Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime.
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Croatia
Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea.
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Custom (law)
Custom in law is the established pattern of behavior that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting.
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Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920
After World War I, Czechoslovakia established itself and as a republic and democracy with the establishment of the Constitution of 1920.
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De facto
In law and government, de facto (or;, "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised by official laws.
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De jure
In law and government, de jure (lit) describes practices that are legally recognised, whether or not the practices exist in reality.
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Delaware
Delaware is one of the 50 states of the United States, in the Mid-Atlantic or Northeastern region.
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Delaware Court of Chancery
The Delaware Court of Chancery is a court of equity in the American state of Delaware.
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Delaware Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of Delaware is the sole appellate court in the United States' state of Delaware.
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Devolution
Devolution is the statutory delegation of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to govern at a subnational level, such as a regional or local level.
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Direct democracy
Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly.
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Dublin
Dublin is the capital of and largest city in Ireland.
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Ecclesiastical court
An ecclesiastical court, also called court Christian or court spiritual, is any of certain courts having jurisdiction mainly in spiritual or religious matters.
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Election law
Election law is a discipline falling at the juncture of constitutional law and political science.
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Elections in Brazil
Brazil elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature.
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En banc
In law, an en banc session (French for "in bench") is a session in which a case is heard before all the judges of a court (before the entire bench) rather than by a panel of judges selected from them.
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England and Wales
England and Wales is a legal jurisdiction covering England and Wales, two of the four countries of the United Kingdom.
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Equity (law)
In jurisdictions following the English common law system, equity is the body of law which was developed in the English Court of Chancery and which is now administered concurrently with the common law.
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European Convention on Human Rights
The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe.
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European Court of Justice
The European Court of Justice (ECJ), officially just the Court of Justice (Cour de Justice), is the supreme court of the European Union in matters of European Union law.
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Executive (government)
The executive is the organ exercising authority in and holding responsibility for the governance of a state.
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Federal Administrative Court (Germany)
The Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) is one of the five federal supreme courts of Germany.
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Federal Constitutional Court
The Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht; abbreviated: BVerfG) is the supreme constitutional court for the Federal Republic of Germany, established by the constitution or Basic Law of Germany.
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Federal Council (Switzerland)
The Federal Council is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the federal government of the Swiss Confederation and serves as the collective executive head of government and state of Switzerland.
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Federal Court of Justice
The Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof, BGH) in Karlsruhe is the highest court in the system of ordinary jurisdiction (ordentliche Gerichtsbarkeit) in Germany.
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Federal Fiscal Court
The Federal Fiscal Court (Bundesfinanzhof) is one of five federal supreme courts of Germany, established according to Article 95 of the Basic Law.
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Federal Labour Court
The Federal Labour Court (Bundesarbeitsgericht) is the court of the last resort for cases of labour law in Germany, both for individual labour law (mostly concerning contracts of employment) and collective labour law (e.g. cases concerning strikes and collective bargaining).
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Federal law
Federal law is the body of law created by the federal government of a country.
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Federal Senate
The Federal Senate (Senado Federal) is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil.
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Federal Social Court
The Federal Social Court (Bundessozialgericht) is the German federal court of appeals for social security cases, mainly cases concerning the public health insurance, long-term care insurance, pension insurance and occupational accident insurance schemes.
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Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland
The Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland (Bundesgericht, Tribunal fédéral, Tribunale federale, Tribunal federal) is the supreme court of the Swiss Confederation.
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Federal Supreme Court of the United Arab Emirates
The Federal Supreme Court of the United Arab Emirates (sometimes called the Union Supreme Court) is the highest federal court in the United Arab Emirates.
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Federation
A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central (federal) government.
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Four Courts
The Four Courts (Na Ceithre Cúirteanna) is Ireland's main courts building, located on Inns Quay in Dublin.
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Frederick III of Denmark
Frederick III (Frederik; 18 March 1609 – 9 February 1670) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death in 1670.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Government of Sweden
The Government of the Kingdom of Sweden (Konungariket Sveriges regering) is the national cabinet and the supreme executive authority in Sweden.
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Government of Wales Act 1998
The Government of Wales Act 1998 (c. 38) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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Habeas corpus
Habeas corpus (Medieval Latin meaning literally "that you have the body") is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether the detention is lawful.
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Hans Kelsen
Hans Kelsen (October 11, 1881 – April 19, 1973) was an Austrian jurist, legal philosopher and political philosopher.
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High Court (France)
In France, the Parliament sitting in High Court (Haute Cour) is the jurisdiction responsible for pronouncing the impeachment of the President of the Republic "if he should fail to carry out his duties in a way manifestly incompatible with the exercise of his mandate".
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High Court (Hong Kong)
The High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, consists of the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance; it deals with criminal and civil cases which have risen beyond the lower courts.
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High Court of Australia
The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia.
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High Court of Cassation and Justice
The High Court of Cassation and Justice (Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție) is Romania's supreme court, and the court of last resort.
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High Court of Justiciary
The High Court of Justiciary is the supreme criminal court in Scotland.
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High Court of New Zealand
The High Court of New Zealand is a superior court established in 1841.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.
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Hong Kong Basic Law
The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is the constitutional document of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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House of Lords
The House of Lords of the United Kingdom, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Islamic criminal law in Aceh
The province of Aceh in Indonesia enforces some provisions of Islamic criminal law, the sole Indonesian province to do so.
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Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
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Israeli law
Israeli law is based mostly on a common law legal system, though it also reflects the diverse history of the territory of the State of Israel throughout the last hundred years (which was at various times prior to independence under Ottoman, then British sovereignty), as well as the legal systems of its major religious communities.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם; القُدس) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.
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Joint Senate of the Supreme Courts of the Federation
The Joint Senate of the Federal Supreme Courts of Justice (Gemeinsamer Senat der Obersten Gerichtshöfe des Bundes, also called the Common Senate) is often regarded as one of the supreme courts of justice in Germany, but it is rather, as the name suggests, an ad hoc judicial body, that is convened in specific cases only.
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Judgment (law)
In law, a judgment is a decision of a court regarding the rights and liabilities of parties in a legal action or proceeding.
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Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) is the highest court of appeal for certain British territories and Commonwealth countries.
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Judicial functions of the House of Lords
The House of Lords, in addition to having a legislative function, historically also had a judicial function.
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Judicial independence
Judicial independence is the concept that the judiciary needs to be kept away from the other branches of government.
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Judicial review
Judicial review is a process under which executive or legislative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.
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Judicial system of China
The judicial branch is one of three branches of the government, not the state structure, in the People's Republic of China, along with the executive and legislative branches.
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Judicial Yuan
The Judicial Yuan is one of the five branches of the government of the Republic of China on Taiwan, and serves as the highest judicial organ.
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Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system or court system) is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state.
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Judiciary of Austria
The Judiciary of Austria (German: österreichische Justiz) is the branch of the Austrian government responsible for resolving disputes between residents or between residents and the government, holding criminals accountable, making sure that the legislative and executive branches remain faithful to the European and Austrian constitutions and to international human rights standards, and generally upholding the rule of law.
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Judiciary of Hong Kong
The Judiciary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is the judicial branch of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Judiciary of Peru
The judiciary of Peru is a branch of the government of Peru interprets and applies the laws of Peru, to ensure equal justice under law, and provides a mechanism for dispute resolution.
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Judiciary of Portugal
The Judiciary of Portugal is a system of courts that together constitute one of the four organs of Sovereignty as defined by the Portuguese Constitution.
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Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction (from the Latin ius, iuris meaning "law" and dicere meaning "to speak") is the practical authority granted to a legal body to administer justice within a defined field of responsibility, e.g., Michigan tax law.
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Jurisprudence constante
Jurisprudence constante (French for "stable jurisprudence", or literally, "constant jurisprudence") is a legal doctrine according to which a long series of previous decisions applying a particular legal principle or rule is highly persuasive but not controlling in subsequent cases dealing with similar or identical issues of law.
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Justice
Justice is the legal or philosophical theory by which fairness is administered.
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Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (خليفة بن زايد بن سلطان آل نهيان; born 7 September 1948; referred to as Sheikh Khalifa) is the President of the United Arab Emirates, the Emir of Abu Dhabi and the Supreme Commander of the Union Defence Force.
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Labour law
Labour law (also known as labor law or employment law) mediates the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions and the government.
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Law of Austria
Austria in 2008 had 141 district courts (Bezirksgerichte) with civil and criminal jurisdiction.
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Law of Brazil
The law of Brazil is based on statutes and, partly and more recently, a mechanism called súmulas vinculantes.
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Law of Denmark
No description.
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Law of France
In academic terms, French law can be divided into two main categories: private law ("droit privé") and public law ("droit public").
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Law of Germany
The Law of Germany (Recht Deutschlands), that being the modern German legal system (Deutsches Rechtssystem), is a system of civil law which is founded on the principles laid out by the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, though many of the most important laws, for example most regulations of the civil code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, or BGB) were developed prior to the 1949 constitution.
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Law of Hong Kong
The law of Hong Kong is based on the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary.
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Law of India
Law of India refers to the system of law in modern India.
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Law of Indonesia
Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with customary law and the Roman Dutch law.
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Law of Japan
The Law of Japan refers to the entirety of the legally achieved norms in Japan.
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Law of Nauru
Nauruan law, since Nauru's independence from Australia in 1968, is derived primarily from English and Australian common law, though it also integrates indigenous customary law to a limited extent.
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Law of New Zealand
The law of New Zealand can be found in several sources.
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Law of Poland
The Polish law, or legal system in Poland has been developing since the first centuries of Polish history, over 1,000 years ago.
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Law of Portugal
The Law of Portugal is the legal system that applies to Portugal.
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Law of Romania
The law of Romania is civil law.
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Law of South Africa
South Africa has a 'hybrid' or 'mixed' legal system, formed by the interweaving of a number of distinct legal traditions: a civil law system inherited from the Dutch, a common law system inherited from the British, and a customary law system inherited from indigenous Africans (often termed African Customary Law, of which there are many variations depending on the tribal origin).
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Law of Sweden
The law of Sweden is a civil law system, whose essence is manifested in its dependence on statutory law.
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Law of Switzerland
Swiss law is a set of rules which constitutes the law in Switzerland.
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Law of the Netherlands
The Netherlands uses civil law.
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Law of the People's Republic of China
Law of the People's Republic of China, officially referred to as the Socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, is the legal regime of China, with the separate legal traditions and systems of Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau.
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Law of the United States
The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States.
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Law of Ukraine
The legal system of Ukraine is based on the framework of civil law, and belongs to the Romano-Germanic legal tradition.
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Law of Vietnam
Law of Vietnam is based on communist legal theory and French civil law.
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Legislation
Legislation (or "statutory law") is law which has been promulgated (or "enacted") by a legislature or other governing body or the process of making it.
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Legislature
A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city.
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List of supreme courts by country
This is a list— by country — of the highest court (supreme court) in each country.
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Literal translation
Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the rendering of text from one language to another one word at a time (Latin: "verbum pro verbo") with or without conveying the sense of the original whole.
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Lord Chancellor
The Lord Chancellor, formally the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest ranking among those Great Officers of State which are appointed regularly in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking even the Prime Minister.
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Lundy murders
Christine Marie Lundy, 38, and her 7-year-old daughter Amber Grace Lundy were murdered in Palmerston North, New Zealand, on 29 August 2000.
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxembourg, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in western Europe.
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Macau
Macau, officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.
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Maine
Maine is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison,, was a U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, so that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and executive actions that contravene the U.S. Constitution.
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Maryland
Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts, officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Middlesex Guildhall
The Middlesex Guildhall is the home of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
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Military justice
Military justice (or military law) is the body of laws and procedures governing members of the armed forces.
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Ministry of Justice (France)
The Ministry of Justice is controlled by the French Minister of Justice - Keeper of the Seals (Ministre de la Justice - Garde des Sceaux), a top-level cabinet position in the French Government.
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Monarchy of Thailand
The monarchy of Thailand (whose monarch is referred to as the King of Thailand or historically as the King of Siam; พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย) refers to the constitutional monarchy and monarch of the Kingdom of Thailand (formerly Siam). The King of Thailand is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Chakri. Although the current Chakri Dynasty was created in 1782, the existence of the institution of monarchy in Thailand is traditionally considered to have its roots from the founding of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238, with a brief interregnum from the death of Ekkathat to the accession of Taksin in the 18th century. The institution was transformed into a constitutional monarchy in 1932 after the bloodless Siamese Revolution of 1932. The monarchy's official ceremonial residence is the Grand Palace in Bangkok, while the private residence has been at the Dusit Palace. The King of Thailand's titles include Head of State, Head of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, Adherent of Buddhism and Upholder of religions.
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National Congress of Argentina
The Congress of the Argentine Nation (Congreso de la Nación Argentina) is the legislative branch of the government of Argentina.
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National Congress of Brazil
The National Congress of Brazil (Congresso Nacional do Brasil) is the legislative body of Brazil's federal government.
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New York (state)
New York is a state in the northeastern United States.
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New York Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of New York is the trial-level court of general jurisdiction in the New York State Unified Court System.
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New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division
The Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court of the State of New York are the intermediate appellate courts in New York State.
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Northern Ireland Act 1998
The Northern Ireland Act 1998 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which established a devolved legislature for Northern Ireland, the Northern Ireland Assembly, after decades of direct rule from Westminster.
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Oklahoma
Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.
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Original jurisdiction
The original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.
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People's Representative Council
The People's Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR), alternatively translatable as the House of Representatives or as the House of People's Representatives, is one of two elected national legislative assemblies in Indonesia.
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Politics of Uganda
Uganda is a presidential republic, in which the President of Uganda is both head of state and head of government.
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Precedent
In common law legal systems, a precedent, or authority, is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts.
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President of Brazil
The President of Brazil, officially the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the President of the Republic, is both the head of state and the head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil.
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President of France
The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française) is the executive head of state of France in the French Fifth Republic.
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President of India
The President of the Republic of India is the head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.
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President of Indonesia
The President of the Republic of Indonesia (Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head of state and also head of government of the Republic of Indonesia.
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President of the Republic of China
The President of Taiwan, officially the President of the Republic of China, is the head of state and the head of government of Taiwan.
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Private law
Private law is that part of a civil law legal system which is part of the jus commune that involves relationships between individuals, such as the law of contracts or torts (as it is called in the common law), and the law of obligations (as it is called in civil legal systems).
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Republic of Ireland
Ireland (Éire), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying 26 of 32 counties of the island of Ireland.
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Right of abode in Hong Kong
The right of abode in Hong Kong is the right to legally reside in Hong Kong without any limit or condition of stay being imposed by the Hong Kong Immigration Department.
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Roman law
Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously.
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Roman-Dutch law
Roman-Dutch law (Dutch: Rooms-Hollands recht, Afrikaans: Romeins-Hollandse reg) is an uncodified, scholarship-driven, judge-made legal system based on Roman law as applied in the Netherlands in the 17th and 18th centuries.
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Scotland Act 1998
The Scotland Act 1998 (c. 46) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which established the devolved Scottish Parliament with tax varying powers and the Scottish Government (then Scottish Executive).
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Separation of powers
The separation of powers is a model for the governance of a state.
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Sharia
Sharia, Sharia law, or Islamic law (شريعة) is the religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Spain
Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.
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Special administrative regions of China
The special administrative regions (SAR) are one type of provincial-level administrative divisions of China directly under Central People's Government, which enjoys the highest degree of autonomy, and no or less interference by either Central Government or the Communist Party of China.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.
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Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) is a committee of about 150 members of the National People's Congress (NPC) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which is convened between plenary sessions of the NPC.
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State government
A state government is the government of a country subdivision in a federal form of government, which shares political power with the federal or national government.
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State supreme court
In the United States, a state supreme court (known by other names in some states) is the ultimate judicial tribunal in the court system of a particular state (i.e., that state's court of last resort).
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States of Germany
Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen states (Land, plural Länder; informally and very commonly Bundesland, plural Bundesländer).
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Statute
A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a city, state, or country.
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Statutory law
Statutory law or statute law is written law set down by a body of legislature or by a singular legislator (in the case of absolute monarchy).
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Supreme administrative court
A supreme administrative court is the highest court in a country with jurisdiction over lower administrative courts and the administrative decisions of the authorities, but not the legislative decisions (laws) made by the government (which are under the jurisdiction of a constitutional court).
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Supreme Administrative Court (Portugal)
The Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo) is a court in Portugal that deals with matters pertaining to administrative and fiscal legal relations.
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Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden
The Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden (Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen, before 2011 Regeringsrätten, acronym RR or RegR) is the supreme court and the third and final tier for administrative court cases in Sweden, and is located in Stockholm.
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Supreme court
A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in many legal jurisdictions.
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Supreme Court (Hong Kong)
The Supreme Court of Hong Kong was the highest court in Hong Kong prior to the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China in 1997 and heard cases of first instance and appeals from the District and Magisrates Courts as well as certain tribunals.
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Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa
The Supreme Court of Appeal or SCA (formerly known as the Appellate Division) is an appellate court in South Africa.
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Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia
The Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia is the state supreme court of the state of West Virginia, the highest of West Virginia's state courts.
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Supreme Court of Bangladesh
The Supreme Court of Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ সুপ্রীম কোর্ট) is the highest court of law in Bangladesh.
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Supreme Court of British Columbia
The Supreme Court of British Columbia (BCSC) is the superior trial court for the province of British Columbia, Canada.
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Supreme Court of Canada
The Supreme Court of Canada (Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada, the final court of appeals in the Canadian justice system.
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Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)
The Supreme Court of Cassation (Corte Suprema di Cassazione) is the highest court of appeal or court of last resort in Italy.
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Supreme Court of Croatia
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia (Vrhovni sud Republike Hrvatske) is the highest court in the country, which ensures the uniform application of laws and equal justice to all.
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Supreme Court of Honduras
The Supreme Court of Honduras (Corte Suprema de Justicia de Honduras; CSJ) is the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court of Honduras.
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Supreme Court of Iceland
The Supreme Court of Iceland (lit. Highest Court of Iceland) is the final court of appeal in the judiciary of Iceland.
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Supreme Court of India
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review.
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Supreme Court of Indonesia
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia (Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia) is the independent judicial arm of the state.
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Supreme Court of Ireland
The Supreme Court of Ireland (Cúirt Uachtarach na hÉireann) is the highest judicial authority in the Republic of Ireland.
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Supreme Court of Israel
The Supreme Court (בית המשפט העליון, Beit HaMishpat HaElyon) is the highest court in Israel.
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Supreme Court of Japan
The, located in Hayabusachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo, is the highest court in Japan.
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Supreme Court of Justice (Portugal)
The Supreme Court of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justiça,, STJ) is the highest court of law in Portugal without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court.
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Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación (SCJN) is the supreme court of Mexico and the head of the judicial branch of the Mexican federal government. It consists of eleven judges, known as ministers, one of whom is designated the court's president. Judges of the SCJN are appointed for 15 years. They are confirmed by the Senate from a list proposed by the President of the Republic. From among their number, the ministers elect the President of the Court to serve a four-year period; a given minister may serve more than one term as president, but not in consecutive periods.
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Supreme Court of Nauru
The Supreme Court of Nauru is the highest court in the judicial system of the Republic of Nauru.
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Supreme Court of Nevada
The Supreme Court of Nevada is the highest state court of the U.S. state of Nevada.
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Supreme Court of New Zealand
The Supreme Court of New Zealand (in Māori: Te Kōti Mana Nui) is the highest court and the court of last resort of New Zealand, having formally come into existence on 1 January 2004.
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Supreme Court of Pakistan
The Supreme Court of Pakistan (عدالت عظمیٰ پاکستان; Adālat-e-Uzma Pākistān) is the apex court in the judicial hierarchy of Pakistan.
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Supreme Court of Peru
The Supreme Court of Justice is the highest judicial court in Peru.
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Supreme Court of Poland
The Supreme Court (Sąd Najwyższy) of the Republic of Poland supervises the adjudication in.
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Supreme Court of Sri Lanka
The Supreme Court of Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා ශ්රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණය Sri Lanka Sreshthadikaranaya)(Tamil: இலங்கை உயர் நீதிமன்றம் Ilankai ucca nitimanram) is the highest court of Sri Lanka.
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Supreme Court of Sweden
The Supreme Court of Sweden (Högsta domstolen, abbreviated HD) is the supreme court and the third and final instance in all civil and criminal cases in Sweden.
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Supreme Court of Texas
The Supreme Court of Texas ("SCOTX") is the court of last resort for civil appeals (including juvenile delinquency which the law considers to be a civil matter and not criminal) in the U.S. state of Texas.
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Supreme Court of Thailand
The Supreme Court of Thailand (translit), located in Bangkok, Thailand, is the highest Thai court of justice, covering criminal and civil cases of the entire country.
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Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court of the Philippines (Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas; colloquially referred to as Korte Suprema) is the highest court in the Philippines.
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Supreme Court of the Republic of China
The Supreme Court of the Republic of China is the court of last resort in the Republic of China although matters regarding interpretation of the Constitution and unifying the interpretation of laws and orders are decided by the Constitutional Court of the Judicial Yuan.
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Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the supreme court in all matters under English and Welsh law, Northern Irish law and Scottish civil law.
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Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.
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Supreme Court of Uganda
The Supreme Court of Uganda is the highest judicial organ in Uganda.
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Supreme Court of Ukraine
The Supreme Court of Ukraine (Верховний Суд України, Verkhovny Sud Ukrayiny) is the highest judicial body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction in Ukraine.
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Supreme Federal Court
The Supreme Federal Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal,, abbreviated STF) is the supreme court (court of last resort) of Brazil, serving primarily as the Constitutional Court of the country.
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Supreme Judicial Court
Supreme Judicial Court may refer to.
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Supreme People's Court
The Supreme People's Court is the highest level of court in the mainland area of the People's Republic of China.
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Supreme People's Court of Vietnam
The Supreme People's Court of Vietnam (Tòa án nhân dân tối cao) is the highest court of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
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Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.
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Texas
Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.
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Texas Court of Criminal Appeals
The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (CCA) is the court of last resort for all criminal matters in the State of Texas, United States.
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Trial court
A trial court or court of first instance is a court having original jurisdiction, in which trials take place.
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Trial de novo
In law, the expression trial de novo means a "new trial" by a different tribunal (de novo is a Latin expression meaning "afresh", "anew", "beginning again", hence the literal meaning "new trial").
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U.S. state
A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.
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United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE; دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة), sometimes simply called the Emirates (الإمارات), is a federal absolute monarchy sovereign state in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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University of Ottawa Faculty of Law
The University of Ottawa Faculty of Law (U of O Law, uOttawa Law, or Ottawa Law) is the law school at the University of Ottawa, located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, the nation's capital.
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Vice President of Brazil
The Vice President of Brazil (Vice-presidente do Brasil), officially the Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Vice Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil), or simply the Vice President of the Republic (Vice Presidente da República) is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the president.
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Vice President of the Republic of China
The Vice President of the Republic of China is the second-highest executive official of the Republic of China.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.
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West Virginia
West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.
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Redirects here:
Apex court, Court of Last Resort, Court of final instance, Court of last resort, Final court of appeal, Supreme Court, Supreme Court Judge, Supreme Court of Justice, Supreme Ct., Supreme courts, SupremeCourt, The Supreme Court.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_court
