Logo
Unionpedia
Communication
Get it on Google Play
New! Download Unionpedia on your Android™ device!
Free
Faster access than browser!
 

Trace amine-associated receptor

Index Trace amine-associated receptor

Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), sometimes referred to as trace amine receptors (TAs or TARs), are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that were discovered in 2001. [1]

94 relations: Agonist, Amine, Amphetamine, Aroma compound, Aversives, Beta cell, Blood sugar level, Central nervous system, Cerebellum, Chemoreceptor, Chemotaxis, Chimpanzee, Decarboxylation, Dopamine, Duodenum, Endogeny (biology), Frog, G alpha subunit, G protein, G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel, G protein–coupled receptor, G12/G13 alpha subunits, Gastrointestinal hormone, Gastrointestinal tract, Gene, Gene expression, Genome, Gi alpha subunit, Glutamic acid, GNAL, Gq alpha subunit, Gs alpha subunit, Heart, Human, Human brain, Iodine, Japanese rice fish, Kidney, Ligand (biochemistry), Lung, Mammal, Metabolite, Methamphetamine, Monoamine neurotransmitter, Mouse, Muscle, Mutation, N,N-Dimethylethylamine, N-Methylphenethylamine, Neuromodulation, ..., Neurotransmission, Nonsense mutation, Olfaction, Olfactory epithelium, Olfactory receptor, Phenethylamine, Phenylalanine, Pheromone, Pituitary gland, Polymorphism (biology), Pseudogene, Rat, Receptor (biochemistry), Reward system, Signal transduction, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Skeletal muscle, Spinal cord, Spleen, Stickleback, Stimulant, Stomach, Substituted amphetamine, TAAR1, TAAR2, TAAR3, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, TAAR9, Testicle, Thyroid hormones, Thyronamine, Trace amine, Trimethylamine, Tryptamine, Tryptophan, Tyramine, Tyrosine, Vertebrate, Volatility (chemistry), White blood cell, Zebrafish, 3-Iodothyronamine. Expand index (44 more) »

Agonist

An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Agonist · See more »

Amine

In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Amine · See more »

Amphetamine

Amphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Amphetamine · See more »

Aroma compound

An aroma compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance, or flavor, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Aroma compound · See more »

Aversives

In psychology, aversives are unpleasant stimuli that induce changes in behavior through punishment; by applying an aversive immediately following a behavior, the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future is reduced.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Aversives · See more »

Beta cell

Beta cells (β cells) are a type of cell found in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Beta cell · See more »

Blood sugar level

The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of humans and other animals.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Blood sugar level · See more »

Central nervous system

The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Central nervous system · See more »

Cerebellum

The cerebellum (Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Cerebellum · See more »

Chemoreceptor

A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor cell which transduces (responds to) a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) and generates a biological signal.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Chemoreceptor · See more »

Chemotaxis

Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Chemotaxis · See more »

Chimpanzee

The taxonomical genus Pan (often referred to as chimpanzees or chimps) consists of two extant species: the common chimpanzee and the bonobo.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Chimpanzee · See more »

Decarboxylation

Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2).

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Decarboxylation · See more »

Dopamine

Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Dopamine · See more »

Duodenum

The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Duodenum · See more »

Endogeny (biology)

Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Endogeny (biology) · See more »

Frog

A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek ἀν-, without + οὐρά, tail).

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Frog · See more »

G alpha subunit

Guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) are membrane-associated, heterotrimeric proteins composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and G alpha subunit · See more »

G protein

G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and G protein · See more »

G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel

The G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) are a family of inward-rectifier potassium ion channels which are activated (opened) via a signal transduction cascade starting with ligand-stimulated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel · See more »

G protein–coupled receptor

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and G protein–coupled receptor · See more »

G12/G13 alpha subunits

G12/G13 subunits are alpha units of heterotrimeric G proteins that regulate cell processes through the use of guanine nucleotide exchange factors.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and G12/G13 alpha subunits · See more »

Gastrointestinal hormone

The gastrointestinal hormones (or gut hormones) constitute a group of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine that control various functions of the digestive organs.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Gastrointestinal hormone · See more »

Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Gastrointestinal tract · See more »

Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Gene · See more »

Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Gene expression · See more »

Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Genome · See more »

Gi alpha subunit

Gi alpha subunit (Gαi, or Gi/G0 or Gi protein) is a heterotrimeric G protein subunit that inhibits the production of cAMP from ATP.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Gi alpha subunit · See more »

Glutamic acid

Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E) is an α-amino acid with formula.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Glutamic acid · See more »

GNAL

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAL gene.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and GNAL · See more »

Gq alpha subunit

Gq protein (Gαq, or Gq/11) is a heterotrimeric G protein subunit that activates phospholipase C (PLC).

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Gq alpha subunit · See more »

Gs alpha subunit

The Gs alpha subunit (Gαs, Gsα, or Gs protein) is a heterotrimeric G protein subunit that activates the cAMP-dependent pathway by activating adenylyl cyclase.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Gs alpha subunit · See more »

Heart

The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Heart · See more »

Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Human · See more »

Human brain

The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Human brain · See more »

Iodine

Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Iodine · See more »

Japanese rice fish

The Japanese rice fish (Oryzias latipes) also known as the medaka, is a member of genus Oryzias (ricefish), the only genus in the subfamily Oryziinae.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Japanese rice fish · See more »

Kidney

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Kidney · See more »

Ligand (biochemistry)

In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Ligand (biochemistry) · See more »

Lung

The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Lung · See more »

Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Mammal · See more »

Metabolite

A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Metabolite · See more »

Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Methamphetamine · See more »

Monoamine neurotransmitter

Monoamine neurotransmitters are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain (such as -CH2-CH2-). All monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Monoamine neurotransmitter · See more »

Mouse

A mouse (Mus), plural mice, is a small rodent characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high breeding rate.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Mouse · See more »

Muscle

Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Muscle · See more »

Mutation

In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Mutation · See more »

N,N-Dimethylethylamine

N,N-Dimethylethylamine (DMEA), sometimes referred to as dimethylethylamine, is an organic compound with formula.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and N,N-Dimethylethylamine · See more »

N-Methylphenethylamine

N-Methylphenethylamine (NMPEA) is a naturally occurring trace amine neuromodulator in humans that is derived from the trace amine, phenethylamine (PEA).

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and N-Methylphenethylamine · See more »

Neuromodulation

Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Neuromodulation · See more »

Neurotransmission

Neurotransmission (Latin: transmissio "passage, crossing" from transmittere "send, let through"), also called synaptic transmission, is the process by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and activate the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron).

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Neurotransmission · See more »

Nonsense mutation

In genetics, a point-nonsense mutation is a point mutation in a sequence of DNA that results in a premature stop codon, or a point-nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA, and in a truncated, incomplete, and usually nonfunctional protein product.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Nonsense mutation · See more »

Olfaction

Olfaction is a chemoreception that forms the sense of smell.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Olfaction · See more »

Olfactory epithelium

The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Olfactory epithelium · See more »

Olfactory receptor

Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odorants (i.e., compounds that have an odor) which give rise to the sense of smell.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Olfactory receptor · See more »

Phenethylamine

Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Phenethylamine · See more »

Phenylalanine

Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an α-amino acid with the formula.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Phenylalanine · See more »

Pheromone

A pheromone (from Ancient Greek φέρω phero "to bear" and hormone, from Ancient Greek ὁρμή "impetus") is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Pheromone · See more »

Pituitary gland

An explanation of the development of the pituitary gland (Hypophysis cerebri) & the congenital anomalies. In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Pituitary gland · See more »

Polymorphism (biology)

Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Polymorphism (biology) · See more »

Pseudogene

Pseudogenes are segments of DNA that are related to real genes.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Pseudogene · See more »

Rat

Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents in the superfamily Muroidea.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Rat · See more »

Receptor (biochemistry)

In biochemistry and pharmacology, a receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Receptor (biochemistry) · See more »

Reward system

The reward system is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., motivation and "wanting", desire, or craving for a reward), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positive emotions, particularly ones which involve pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Reward system · See more »

Signal transduction

Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Signal transduction · See more »

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

A single-nucleotide polymorphism, often abbreviated to SNP (plural), is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population (e.g. > 1%).

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Single-nucleotide polymorphism · See more »

Skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Skeletal muscle · See more »

Spinal cord

The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Spinal cord · See more »

Spleen

The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Spleen · See more »

Stickleback

The Gasterosteidae are a family of fish including the sticklebacks.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Stickleback · See more »

Stimulant

Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Stimulant · See more »

Stomach

The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, stomachos, stoma means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Stomach · See more »

Substituted amphetamine

Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Substituted amphetamine · See more »

TAAR1

Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR1 gene.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and TAAR1 · See more »

TAAR2

Trace amine-associated receptor 2 (TAAR2), formerly known as G protein-coupled receptor 58 (GPR58), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR2 gene.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and TAAR2 · See more »

TAAR3

Putative trace amine-associated receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR3 gene.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and TAAR3 · See more »

TAAR5

Trace amine-associated receptor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR5 gene.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and TAAR5 · See more »

TAAR6

Trace amine associated receptor 6, also known as TAAR6, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TAAR6 gene.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and TAAR6 · See more »

TAAR8

Trace amine-associated receptor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR8 gene.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and TAAR8 · See more »

TAAR9

Trace amine-associated receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR9 gene.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and TAAR9 · See more »

Testicle

The testicle or testis is the male reproductive gland in all animals, including humans.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Testicle · See more »

Thyroid hormones

Thyroid hormones are two hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Thyroid hormones · See more »

Thyronamine

Thyronamine refers both to a molecule, and to derivatives of that molecule: a family of decarboxylated and deiodinated metabolites of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3).

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Thyronamine · See more »

Trace amine

Trace amines are an endogenous group of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists – and hence, monoaminergic neuromodulators – that are structurally and metabolically related to classical monoamine neurotransmitters.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Trace amine · See more »

Trimethylamine

Trimethylamine (TMA) is an organic compound with the formula N(CH3)3.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Trimethylamine · See more »

Tryptamine

Tryptamine is a monoamine alkaloid.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Tryptamine · See more »

Tryptophan

Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Tryptophan · See more »

Tyramine

Tyramine (also spelled tyramin), also known by several other names is a naturally occurring trace amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Tyramine · See more »

Tyrosine

Tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Tyrosine · See more »

Vertebrate

Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Vertebrate · See more »

Volatility (chemistry)

In chemistry and physics, volatility is quantified by the tendency of a substance to vaporize.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Volatility (chemistry) · See more »

White blood cell

White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and White blood cell · See more »

Zebrafish

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and Zebrafish · See more »

3-Iodothyronamine

3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is an endogenous thyronamine.

New!!: Trace amine-associated receptor and 3-Iodothyronamine · See more »

Redirects here:

HTAAR, Human trace amine-associated receptor, Human trace amine-associated receptors, TAAR, TAAR-1, TAAR-2, TAAR-3, TAAR-4, TAAR-5, TAAR-6, TAAR-7, TAAR4, TAAR7, Trace Amine-Associated Receptor, Trace amine receptor, Trace amine-associated receptors.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_amine-associated_receptor

OutgoingIncoming
Hey! We are on Facebook now! »