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49 relations: Artificial intelligence, Assembly language, AT&T Corporation, Backward compatibility, BBN Technologies, Berkeley Software Distribution, CAR and CDR, Command-line completion, Command-line interface, Daniel G. Bobrow, Daniel Murphy (computer scientist), DARPA, DECSYSTEM-20, Device driver, Digital Equipment Corporation, Drum memory, English language, Foonly, Hacker culture, Incompatible Timesharing System, Lisp (programming language), List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni, Living Computers: Museum + Labs, Magnetic-core memory, Mainframe computer, Mark Crispin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, OpenVMS, Operating system, Paging, Paul Allen, PDP-1, PDP-10, PDP-6, Portmanteau, Processor register, Proprietary software, Random-access memory, Stanford University, Swedish language, Tcsh, TOPS-10, Unix, VAX, Virtual memory, WAITS, XKL, 18-bit, 36-bit.
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals.
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Assembly language
An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is a low-level programming language, in which there is a very strong (but often not one-to-one) correspondence between the assembly program statements and the architecture's machine code instructions.
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AT&T Corporation
AT&T Corp., originally the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, is the subsidiary of AT&T that provides voice, video, data, and Internet telecommunications and professional services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies.
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Backward compatibility
Backward compatibility is a property of a system, product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system, especially in telecommunications and computing.
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BBN Technologies
BBN Technologies (originally Bolt, Beranek and Newman) is an American high-technology company which provides research and development services.
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Berkeley Software Distribution
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was a Unix operating system derivative developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) of the University of California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995.
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CAR and CDR
In computer programming, car and cdr are primitive operations on cons cells (or "non-atomic S-expressions") introduced in the Lisp programming language.
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Command-line completion
Command-line completion (also tab completion) is a common feature of command line interpreters, in which the program automatically fills in partially typed commands.
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Command-line interface
A command-line interface or command language interpreter (CLI), also known as command-line user interface, console user interface and character user interface (CUI), is a means of interacting with a computer program where the user (or client) issues commands to the program in the form of successive lines of text (command lines).
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Daniel G. Bobrow
Daniel Gureasko Bobrow (29 November 1935 – 20 March 2017) was an American computer scientist who was a Research Fellow in the Intelligent Systems Laboratory of the Palo Alto Research Center and created an oft-cited artificial intelligence program STUDENT, with which he earned his PhD.
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Daniel Murphy (computer scientist)
Daniel L. Murphy is an American computer scientist.
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DARPA
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.
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DECSYSTEM-20
The DECSYSTEM-20 was a 36-bit Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-10 mainframe computer running the TOPS-20 operating system (products introduced in 1977).
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Device driver
In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer.
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Digital Equipment Corporation
Digital Equipment Corporation, also known as DEC and using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1950s to the 1990s.
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Drum memory
Drum memory was a magnetic data storage device invented by Gustav Tauschek in 1932 in Austria.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Foonly
Foonly was a short-lived American computer company formed by Dave Poole, one of the principal Super Foonly designers as well as one of hackerdom's more colourful personalities.
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Hacker culture
The hacker culture is a subculture of individuals who enjoy the intellectual challenge of creatively overcoming limitations of software systems to achieve novel and clever outcomes.
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Incompatible Timesharing System
Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS) is a time-sharing operating system developed principally by the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, with help from Project MAC.
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Lisp (programming language)
Lisp (historically, LISP) is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix notation.
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List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
This list of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni includes students who studied as undergraduates or graduate students at MIT's School of Engineering; School of Science; MIT Sloan School of Management; School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences; School of Architecture and Planning; or Whitaker College of Health Sciences.
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Living Computers: Museum + Labs
Living Computers: Museum + Labs (LCM+L) is a computer and technology museum located in the SoDo neighborhood of Seattle, Washington.
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Magnetic-core memory
Magnetic-core memory was the predominant form of random-access computer memory for 20 years between about 1955 and 1975.
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Mainframe computer
Mainframe computers (colloquially referred to as "big iron") are computers used primarily by large organizations for critical applications; bulk data processing, such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning; and transaction processing.
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Mark Crispin
Mark Reed Crispin (July 19, 1956 in Camden, New Jersey – December 28, 2012 in Poulsbo, Washington) is best known as the father of the IMAP protocol, having invented it in 1985 during his time at the Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory.
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
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OpenVMS
OpenVMS is a closed-source, proprietary computer operating system for use in general-purpose computing.
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Operating system
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
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Paging
In computer operating systems, paging is a memory management scheme by which a computer stores and retrieves data from secondary storage for use in main memory.
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Paul Allen
Paul Gardner Allen (born January 21, 1953) is an American business magnate, investor and philanthropist.
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PDP-1
The PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor-1) is the first computer in Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP series and was first produced in 1959.
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PDP-10
The PDP-10 is a mainframe computer family manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1966 into the 1980s.
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PDP-6
The PDP-6 (Programmed Data Processor-6) was a computer model developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1963.
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Portmanteau
A portmanteau or portmanteau word is a linguistic blend of words,, p. 644 in which parts of multiple words or their phones (sounds) are combined into a new word, as in smog, coined by blending smoke and fog, or motel, from motor and hotel.
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Processor register
In computer architecture, a processor register is a quickly accessible location available to a computer's central processing unit (CPU).
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Proprietary software
Proprietary software is non-free computer software for which the software's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights—usually copyright of the source code, but sometimes patent rights.
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Random-access memory
Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine code currently being used.
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Stanford University
Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.
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Swedish language
Swedish is a North Germanic language spoken natively by 9.6 million people, predominantly in Sweden (as the sole official language), and in parts of Finland, where it has equal legal standing with Finnish.
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Tcsh
tcsh (“tee-see-shell”, “tee-shell”, or as “tee see ess aitch”) is a Unix shell based on and compatible with the C shell (csh).
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TOPS-10
The TOPS-10 System (Timesharing / Total Operating System-10) was a computer operating system from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for the PDP-10 (or DECsystem-10) mainframe computer launched in 1967.
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Unix
Unix (trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, development starting in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.
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VAX
VAX is a discontinued instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the mid-1970s.
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Virtual memory
In computing, virtual memory (also virtual storage) is a memory management technique that provides an "idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine" which "creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory." The computer's operating system, using a combination of hardware and software, maps memory addresses used by a program, called virtual addresses, into physical addresses in computer memory.
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WAITS
WAITS was a heavily modified variant of Digital Equipment Corporation's Monitor operating system (later renamed to, and better known as, "TOPS-10") for the PDP-6 and PDP-10 mainframe computers, used at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (SAIL) from the mid-1960s up until 1991; the mainframe computer it ran on also went by the name of "SAIL".
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XKL
Based in Redmond, Washington XKL, LLC, was founded in 1991 and develops optical transport technologies.
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18-bit
18 binary digits have (1000000 octal, 40000 hexadecimal) distinct combinations.
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36-bit
Prior to the introduction of computers, the state of the art in precision scientific and engineering calculation was the ten-digit, electrically powered, mechanical calculator, such as those manufactured by Friden, Marchant and Monroe.
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Redirects here:
DecSystem 20, Decsystem 20, PA1050, TOPS 20, TWENEX, Tops-20, Twenex.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPS-20
