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214 relations: Aberdeenshire, Academic Press, Acanthostega, Actinopterygii, Actionbioscience, Alternation of generations, Ambulocetidae, Ambulocetus, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, American Institute of Biological Sciences, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Amphistium, Anemophily, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Annual Reviews (publisher), Ape, Archaeopteryx, Archipelago, Arthropod, Avialae, Basal (phylogenetics), Benthos, BioScience, Bipedalism, Bird, Brachiopod, Calybium and cupule, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, CBC News, Cetacea, Chapman & Hall, Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell, Charles Watts (secularist), Chimpanzee, Clade, Cladistics, Cladogram, Class (biology), Columbia University Press, Creation Ministries International, Creationism, Crocodile, Deism, Devonian, Dichotomy, Dinosaur, Dirt, Discover (magazine), ..., Donald Prothero, Dromaeosauridae, Eardrum, Echinoderm, Ellesmere Island, Elpistostegalia, Encyclopedic dictionary, Eocene, Ernst Haeckel, Eugène Dubois, Eurasian magpie, Evidence of common descent, Evolution, Evolution of fish, Evolution of mammals, Evolution of tetrapods, Extinction, Family (biology), Feather, Femur, Fern, Flatfish, Flight feather, Fossil, Gametophyte, Garden of Eden, Genus, Geologic time scale, Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man, Geological period, Great chain of being, Gross anatomy, Harvard University Press, Heteronectes, Hindlimb, Hip, Holtzbrinck Publishing Group, Homeothermy, Hominidae, Homo erectus, Hugh Falconer, Human, Human evolution, Ichthyostega, Ilium (bone), Indiana University Press, Indohyus, Java, Java Man, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, John Murray (publisher), John Wiley & Sons, Jonathan Cape, Joseph McCabe, Journal of the History of Biology, Journey to the Center of the Earth, Jules Verne, Kalmbach Publishing, Kingdom (biology), Lagerstätte, Last glacial period, Late Jurassic, Linnean Society of London, List of human evolution fossils, List of transitional fossils, Littoral zone, Live Science, Louis Figuier, Luis M. Chiappe, Lutetian, Lycopodiopsida, Mammal, Marine mammal, Mesozoic, Micropaleontology, Misnomer, Mollusca, Monophyly, Monte Bolca, Moss, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, National Geographic Society, Natural selection, Nature (journal), Nature Publishing Group, Neil Shubin, New Scientist, Niles Eldredge, Nordisk familjebok, Nunavut, On the Origin of Species, Orangutan, Order (biology), Origin of birds, Orthogenesis, Oxford University Press, Pakicetidae, Pakicetus, Palaeos, Paleontology, Panderichthys, Pantheon Books, Pearson Education, Pelvis, Phylogenetic nomenclature, Plankton, PLOS, PLOS One, Purch Group, Raoellidae, Raven, Rectus femoris muscle, Reed Business Information, Reptile, Rhizoid, Rhynia, Rhynie chert, Robert Kidston, Royal Society of Edinburgh, S&P Global, Sarcopterygii, Science (journal), Science Daily, Scientific American, Seabed, Seed, Sister group, Skull roof, Smithsonian Institution, Society of Systematic Biologists, Soft-bodied organism, Solo River, Speciation, Spermatophyte, Spider monkey, Spiny turbot, Sporangium, Sporophyte, Springer Science+Business Media, Stephen Jay Gould, Systematic Biology, TalkOrigins Archive, Taxon, Taxonomy (biology), Tethys Ocean, Tetrapodomorpha, The New York Times, The Panda's Thumb (book), Theropoda, Troodontidae, University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Chicago Press, University of Michigan Museum of Natural History, Vascular plant, Vertebrate, Vertebrate Palaeontology (Benton), W. W. Norton & Company, Weight-bearing, Wiley-Blackwell, William Henry Lang, Williams and Norgate, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Expand index (164 more) »
Aberdeenshire
Aberdeenshire (Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland.
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Academic Press
Academic Press is an academic book publisher.
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Acanthostega
Acanthostega (meaning "spiny roof") is an extinct genus of stem-tetrapod, among the first vertebrate animals to have recognizable limbs.
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Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii, or the ray-finned fishes, constitute a class or subclass of the bony fishes.
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Actionbioscience
Action Bioscience is a non-commercial, educational web site sponsored by the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS).
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Alternation of generations
Alternation of generations (also known as metagenesis) is the type of life cycle that occurs in those plants and algae in the Archaeplastida and the Heterokontophyta that have distinct sexual haploid and asexual diploid stages.
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Ambulocetidae
Ambulocetidae is a family of early cetaceans from Pakistan.
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Ambulocetus
Ambulocetus (meaning "walking whale") was an early cetacean with short limbs and large feet used for swimming.
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.
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American Association of Physical Anthropologists
The American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) is an American international scientific society of physical anthropologists, based in the United States.
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American Institute of Biological Sciences
The American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is a non-profit scientific association that is dedicated to advancing biological research and education.
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American Journal of Physical Anthropology
The American Journal of Physical Anthropology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal and the official journal of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.
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Amphistium
Amphistium paradoxum, the only species classified under the genus Amphistium, is a fossil fish which has been identified as an early relative of the flatfish, and as a transitional fossil.
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Anemophily
Anemophily or wind pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind.
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Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics is an annual scientific journal published by Annual Reviews.
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Annual Reviews (publisher)
Annual Reviews, located in Palo Alto California, Annual Reviews is a nonprofit publisher dedicated to synthesizing and integrating knowledge for the progress of science and the benefit of society.
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Ape
Apes (Hominoidea) are a branch of Old World tailless anthropoid primates native to Africa and Southeast Asia.
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Archaeopteryx
Archaeopteryx, meaning "old wing" (sometimes referred to by its German name Urvogel ("original bird" or "first bird")), is a genus of bird-like dinosaurs that is transitional between non-avian feathered dinosaurs and modern birds.
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Archipelago
An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.
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Arthropod
An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.
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Avialae
Avialae ("bird wings") is a clade of flying dinosaurs containing their only living representatives, the birds.
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Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.
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Benthos
Benthos is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed, also known as the benthic zone.
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BioScience
BioScience is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences.
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Bipedalism
Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an organism moves by means of its two rear limbs or legs.
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Bird
Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
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Brachiopod
Brachiopods, phylum Brachiopoda, are a group of lophotrochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs.
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Calybium and cupule
The calybium and the cupule make up the accessory fruit of flowering plants in the family Fagaceae.
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Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television.
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CBC News
CBC News is the division of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs on the corporation's English-language operations, namely CBC Television, CBC Radio, CBC News Network, and CBC.ca.
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Cetacea
Cetacea are a widely distributed and diverse clade of aquatic mammals that today consists of the whales, dolphins, and porpoises.
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Chapman & Hall
Chapman & Hall was a British publishing house in London, founded in the first half of the 19th century by Edward Chapman and William Hall.
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Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
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Charles Lyell
Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who popularised the revolutionary work of James Hutton.
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Charles Watts (secularist)
Charles Watts (27 February 1836–16 February 1906) was an English writer, lecturer and publisher, who was prominent in the secularist and freethought movements in both Britain and Canada.
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Chimpanzee
The taxonomical genus Pan (often referred to as chimpanzees or chimps) consists of two extant species: the common chimpanzee and the bonobo.
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Clade
A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".
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Cladistics
Cladistics (from Greek κλάδος, cládos, i.e., "branch") is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on the most recent common ancestor.
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Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.
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Class (biology)
In biological classification, class (classis) is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank.
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Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.
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Creation Ministries International
Creation Ministries International (CMI) is a non-profit young Earth creationist organisation of autonomous Creationist apologetics ministries that promote a literal interpretation of the Book of Genesis.
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Creationism
Creationism is the religious belief that the universe and life originated "from specific acts of divine creation",Gunn 2004, p. 9, "The Concise Oxford Dictionary says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'" as opposed to the scientific conclusion that they came about through natural processes.
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Crocodile
Crocodiles (subfamily Crocodylinae) or true crocodiles are large aquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia.
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Deism
Deism (or; derived from Latin "deus" meaning "god") is a philosophical belief that posits that God exists and is ultimately responsible for the creation of the universe, but does not interfere directly with the created world.
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Devonian
The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya.
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Dichotomy
A dichotomy is a partition of a whole (or a set) into two parts (subsets).
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Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.
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Dirt
Dirt is unclean matter, especially when in contact with a person's clothes, skin or possessions when they are said to become dirty.
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Discover (magazine)
Discover is an American general audience science magazine launched in October 1980 by Time Inc.
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Donald Prothero
Donald Ross Prothero (February 21, 1954) is an American paleontologist, geologist, and author who specializes in mammalian paleontology.
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Dromaeosauridae
Dromaeosauridae is a family of feathered theropod dinosaurs.
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Eardrum
In the anatomy of humans and various other tetrapods, the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane or myringa, is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear.
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Echinoderm
Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – "hedgehog" and δέρμα, derma – "skin") of marine animals.
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Ellesmere Island
Ellesmere Island (Inuit: Umingmak Nuna, meaning "land of muskoxen"; Île d'Ellesmere) is part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region in the Canadian territory of Nunavut.
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Elpistostegalia
Elpistostegalia or Panderichthyida is an order of prehistoric lobe-finned fishes which lived during the Late Devonian period (about 385 to 374 million years ago).
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Encyclopedic dictionary
An encyclopedic dictionary typically includes a large number of short listings, arranged alphabetically, and discussing a wide range of topics.
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Eocene
The Eocene Epoch, lasting from, is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era.
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Ernst Haeckel
Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist, and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, and Protista. Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the influential but no longer widely held recapitulation theory ("ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny") claiming that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarises its species' evolutionary development, or phylogeny.
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Eugène Dubois
Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois (28 January 1858 – 16 December 1940) was a Dutch paleoanthropologist and geologist.
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Eurasian magpie
The Eurasian magpie or common magpie (Pica pica) is a resident breeding bird throughout northern part of Eurasian continent.
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Evidence of common descent
Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor.
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Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
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Evolution of fish
The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion.
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Evolution of mammals
The evolution of mammals has passed through many stages since the first appearance of their synapsid ancestors in the late Carboniferous period.
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Evolution of tetrapods
The evolution of tetrapods began about 400 million years ago in the Devonian Period with the earliest tetrapods evolved from lobe-finned fishes.
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Extinction
In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.
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Family (biology)
In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.
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Feather
Feathers are epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds and other, extinct species' of dinosaurs.
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Femur
The femur (pl. femurs or femora) or thigh bone, is the most proximal (closest to the hip joint) bone of the leg in tetrapod vertebrates capable of walking or jumping, such as most land mammals, birds, many reptiles including lizards, and amphibians such as frogs.
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Fern
A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
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Flatfish
A flatfish is a member of the order Pleuronectiformes of ray-finned demersal fishes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes.
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Flight feather
Flight feathers (Pennae volatus) are the long, stiff, asymmetrically shaped, but symmetrically paired pennaceous feathers on the wings or tail of a bird; those on the wings are called remiges, singular remex, while those on the tail are called rectrices, singular rectrix.
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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Gametophyte
A gametophyte is one of the two alternating phases in the life cycle of plants and algae.
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Garden of Eden
The Garden of Eden (Hebrew גַּן עֵדֶן, Gan ʿEḏen) or (often) Paradise, is the biblical "garden of God", described most notably in the Book of Genesis chapters 2 and 3, and also in the Book of Ezekiel.
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Genus
A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.
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Geologic time scale
The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time.
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Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man
Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man is a book written by British geologist, Charles Lyell in 1863.
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Geological period
A geological period is one of several subdivisions of geologic time enabling cross-referencing of rocks and geologic events from place to place.
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Great chain of being
The Great Chain of Being is a strict hierarchical structure of all matter and life, thought in medieval Christianity to have been decreed by God.
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Gross anatomy
Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy) is the study of anatomy at the visible (macroscopic) level.
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Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
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Heteronectes
Heteronectes chaneti is a fossil fish which has been identified as an early relative of the flatfish, and as a transitional fossil.
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Hindlimb
A hindlimb is a posterior limb on an animal, especially the quadrupeds.
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Hip
In vertebrate anatomy, hip (or "coxa"Latin coxa was used by Celsus in the sense "hip", but by Pliny the Elder in the sense "hip bone" (Diab, p 77) in medical terminology) refers to either an anatomical region or a joint.
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Holtzbrinck Publishing Group
Holtzbrinck Publishing Group is a privately-held Stuttgart-based company which owns publishing companies worldwide.
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Homeothermy
Homeothermy or homothermy is thermoregulation that maintains a stable internal body temperature regardless of external influence.
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Hominidae
The Hominidae, whose members are known as great apes or hominids, are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo, the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan; Gorilla, the eastern and western gorilla; Pan, the common chimpanzee and the bonobo; and Homo, which includes modern humans and its extinct relatives (e.g., the Neanderthal), and ancestors, such as Homo erectus.
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Homo erectus
Homo erectus (meaning "upright man") is an extinct species of archaic humans that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological epoch.
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Hugh Falconer
Hugh Falconer MD FRS (29 February 1808 – 31 January 1865) was a Scottish geologist, botanist, palaeontologist, and paleoanthropologist.
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Human
Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.
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Human evolution
Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus Homo – and leading to the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.
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Ichthyostega
Ichthyostega (Greek: "fish roof") is an early tetrapodomorph genus that lived at the end of the Upper Devonian period.
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Ilium (bone)
The ilium (plural ilia) is the uppermost and largest part of the hip bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish.
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Indiana University Press
Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences.
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Indohyus
Indohyus ("India's pig") is a genus of extinct digitigrade artiodactyl known from Eocene fossils in Asia.
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Java
Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.
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Java Man
Java Man (Homo erectus erectus; Javanese: Manungsa Jawa; Indonesian: Manusia Jawa) is early human fossils discovered on the island of Java (Indonesia) in 1891 and 1892.
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist.
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John Murray (publisher)
John Murray is a British publisher, known for the authors it has published in its history, including Jane Austen, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Lord Byron, Charles Lyell, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Herman Melville, Edward Whymper, and Charles Darwin.
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John Wiley & Sons
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., also referred to as Wiley, is a global publishing company that specializes in academic publishing.
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Jonathan Cape
Jonathan Cape is a London publishing firm founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.
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Joseph McCabe
Joseph Martin McCabe (12 November 1867 – 10 January 1955) was an English writer and speaker on freethought, after having been a Roman Catholic priest earlier in his life.
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Journal of the History of Biology
The Journal of the History of Biology is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the history of biology as well as philosophical and social issues confronting biology.
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Journey to the Center of the Earth
Journey to the Center of the Earth (Voyage au centre de la Terre, also translated under the titles A Journey to the Centre of the Earth and A Journey to the Interior of the Earth) is an 1864 science fiction novel by Jules Verne.
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Jules Verne
Jules Gabriel Verne (Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.; 8 February 1828 – 24 March 1905) was a French novelist, poet, and playwright.
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Kalmbach Publishing
Kalmbach Publishing Co. is an American publisher of books and magazines, many of them railroad-related, located in Waukesha, Wisconsin.
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Kingdom (biology)
In biology, kingdom (Latin: regnum, plural regna) is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain.
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Lagerstätte
A Lagerstätte (from Lager 'storage, lair' Stätte 'place'; plural Lagerstätten) is a sedimentary deposit that exhibits extraordinary fossils with exceptional preservation—sometimes including preserved soft tissues.
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Last glacial period
The last glacial period occurred from the end of the Eemian interglacial to the end of the Younger Dryas, encompassing the period years ago.
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Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 163.5 ± 1.0 to 145.0 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.
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Linnean Society of London
The Linnean Society of London is a society dedicated to the study of, and the dissemination of information concerning, natural history, evolution and taxonomy.
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List of human evolution fossils
The following tables give a brief overview of several notable hominin fossil finds relating to human evolution beginning with the formation of the Hominini tribe in the late Miocene (roughly 6 million years ago).
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List of transitional fossils
This is a tentative partial list of transitional fossils (fossil remains of groups that exhibits both "primitive" and derived traits).
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Littoral zone
The littoral zone is the part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore.
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Live Science
Live Science is a science news website run by Purch, which it purchased from Imaginova in 2009.
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Louis Figuier
Louis Figuier (15 February 1819 – 8 November 1894) was a French scientist and writer.
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Luis M. Chiappe
Luis María Chiappe is an Argentine paleontologist born in Buenos Aires who is best known for his discovery of the first sauropod nesting sites in the badlands of Patagonia in 1997.
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Lutetian
The Lutetian is, in the geologic timescale, a stage or age in the Eocene.
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Lycopodiopsida
Lycopodiopsida is a class of herbaceous vascular plants known as the clubmosses and firmosses.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Marine mammal
Marine mammals are aquatic mammals that rely on the ocean and other marine ecosystems for their existence.
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Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era is an interval of geological time from about.
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Micropaleontology
Micropaleontology (also sometimes spelled as micropalaeontology) is the branch of palaeontology that studies microfossils, or fossils that require the use of a microscope to see the organism, its morphology and its characteristic details.
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Misnomer
A misnomer is a name or term that suggests an idea that is known to be wrong.
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Mollusca
Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusksThe formerly dominant spelling mollusk is still used in the U.S. — see the reasons given in Gary Rosenberg's.
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Monophyly
In cladistics, a monophyletic group, or clade, is a group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.
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Monte Bolca
Monte Bolca is a lagerstätte near Verona, Italy that was one of the first fossil sites with high quality preservation known to Europeans, and is still an important source of fossils from the Eocene.
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Moss
Mosses are small flowerless plants that typically grow in dense green clumps or mats, often in damp or shady locations.
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Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa is New Zealand's national museum, located in Wellington.
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National Geographic Society
The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest non-profit scientific and educational institutions in the world.
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Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Nature Publishing Group
Nature Publishing Group is a division of the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature that publishes academic journals, magazines, online databases, and services in science and medicine.
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Neil Shubin
Neil Shubin (born December 22, 1960) is an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist and popular science writer.
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New Scientist
New Scientist, first published on 22 November 1956, is a weekly, English-language magazine that covers all aspects of science and technology.
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Niles Eldredge
Niles Eldredge (born August 25, 1943) is a U.S. biologist and paleontologist, who, along with Stephen Jay Gould, proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium in 1972.
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Nordisk familjebok
Nordisk familjebok (Nordic Family Book) is a Swedish encyclopedia that was published in print form between 1876 and 1957, and that is now fully available in digital form via Project Runeberg at Linköping University.
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Nunavut
Nunavut (Inuktitut syllabics ᓄᓇᕗᑦ) is the newest, largest, and northernmost territory of Canada.
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On the Origin of Species
On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.
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Orangutan
The orangutans (also spelled orang-utan, orangutang, or orang-utang) are three extant species of great apes native to Indonesia and Malaysia.
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Order (biology)
In biological classification, the order (ordo) is.
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Origin of birds
The scientific question of within which larger group of animals birds evolved, has traditionally been called the origin of birds.
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Orthogenesis
Orthogenesis, also known as orthogenetic evolution, progressive evolution, evolutionary progress, or progressionism, is the biological hypothesis that organisms have an innate tendency to evolve in a definite direction towards some goal (teleology) due to some internal mechanism or "driving force".
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Pakicetidae
Pakicetidae ("Pakistani whales") is an extinct family of early whales that lived during the Early Eocene on the shores of Pakistan.
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Pakicetus
Pakicetus is an extinct genus of amphibious cetacean of the family Pakicetidae, which was endemic to modern Pakistan during the Eocene.
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Palaeos
Palaeos.com is a web site on biology, paleontology, phylogeny and geology and which covers the history of Earth.
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Paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).
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Panderichthys
Panderichthys is a genus of extinct sarcopterygian (lobe-finned fish) from the late Devonian period, about 380 Mya.
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Pantheon Books
Pantheon Books is an American book publishing imprint with editorial independence.
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Pearson Education
Pearson Education (see also Pearson PLC) is a British-owned education publishing and assessment service to schools and corporations, as well as directly to students.
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Pelvis
The pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is either the lower part of the trunk of the human body between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region of the trunk) or the skeleton embedded in it (sometimes also called bony pelvis, or pelvic skeleton).
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Phylogenetic nomenclature
Phylogenetic nomenclature, often called cladistic nomenclature, is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below.
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Plankton
Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current.
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PLOS
PLOS (for Public Library of Science) is a nonprofit open access science, technology and medicine publisher, innovator and advocacy organization with a library of open access journals and other scientific literature under an open content license.
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PLOS One
PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.
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Purch Group
Purch Group, Inc. formerly known as TechMediaNetworks, Inc.
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Raoellidae
Raoellidae, previously grouped within Helohyidae, is an extinct family of semiaquatic digitigrade artiodactyls in the clade Whippomorpha.
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Raven
A raven is one of several larger-bodied species of the genus Corvus.
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Rectus femoris muscle
The rectus femoris muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body.
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Reed Business Information
Reed Business Information is a provider of data services, analytics and information to businesses.
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Reptile
Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.
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Rhizoid
Rhizoids are protuberances that extend from the lower epidermal cells of bryophytes and algae.
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Rhynia
Rhynia is a single-species genus of Devonian vascular plants.
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Rhynie chert
The Rhynie chert is an Early Devonian sedimentary deposit exhibiting extraordinary fossil detail or completeness (a Lagerstätte).
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Robert Kidston
Dr Robert Kidston, FRS FRSE LLD (29 June 1852 – 13 July 1924) was a Scottish botanist and palaeobotanist.
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Royal Society of Edinburgh
The Royal Society of Edinburgh is Scotland's national academy of science and letters.
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S&P Global
S&P Global Inc. (prior to April 2016 McGraw Hill Financial, Inc., and prior to 2013 McGraw Hill Companies) is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in New York City.
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Sarcopterygii
The Sarcopterygii or lobe-finned fish (from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh, and πτερυξ pteryx, fin) – sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii ("fringe-finned fish", from Greek κροσσός krossos, fringe) – constitute a clade (traditionally a class or subclass) of the bony fish, though a strict cladistic view includes the terrestrial vertebrates.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Science Daily
Science Daily is an American website that aggregates press releases and publishes lightly edited press releases (a practice called churnalism) about science, similar to Phys.org and EurekAlert!.
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Scientific American
Scientific American (informally abbreviated SciAm) is an American popular science magazine.
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Seabed
The seabed (also known as the seafloor, sea floor, or ocean floor) is the bottom of the ocean.
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Seed
A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering.
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Sister group
A sister group or sister taxon is a phylogenetic term denoting the closest relatives of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
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Skull roof
The skull roof, or the roofing bones of the skull, are a set of bones covering the brain, eyes and nostrils in bony fishes and all land-living vertebrates.
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Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution, established on August 10, 1846 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge," is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States.
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Society of Systematic Biologists
The Society of Systematic Biologists (SSB) started as the Society of Systematic Zoology in 1947.
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Soft-bodied organism
Soft-bodied organisms are animals that lack skeletons, a group roughly corresponding to the group Vermes as proposed by Carl von Linné.
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Solo River
Solo River (alternatively, Bengawan Solo, with Bengawan being an Old Javanese word for river) is the longest river in the Indonesian island of Java, it is approximately 600 km (370 mi) in length.
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Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.
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Spermatophyte
The spermatophytes, also known as phanerogams or phenogamae, comprise those plants that produce seeds, hence the alternative name seed plants.
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Spider monkey
Spider monkeys are New World monkeys belonging to the genus Ateles, part of the subfamily Atelinae, family Atelidae.
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Spiny turbot
The spiny turbots are a family, Psettodidae, of relatively large, primitive flatfish found in the tropical waters of the east Atlantic and Indo-Pacific.
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Sporangium
A sporangium (pl., sporangia) (modern Latin, from Greek σπόρος (sporos) ‘spore’ + αγγείον (angeion) ‘vessel’) is an enclosure in which spores are formed.
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Sporophyte
A sporophyte is the diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga.
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Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media or Springer, part of Springer Nature since 2015, is a global publishing company that publishes books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
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Stephen Jay Gould
Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science.
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Systematic Biology
Systematic Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists.
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TalkOrigins Archive
The TalkOrigins Archive is a website that presents mainstream science perspectives on the antievolution claims of young-earth, old-earth, and "intelligent design" creationists.
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Taxon
In biology, a taxon (plural taxa; back-formation from taxonomy) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.
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Taxonomy (biology)
Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
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Tethys Ocean
The Tethys Ocean (Ancient Greek: Τηθύς), Tethys Sea or Neotethys was an ocean during much of the Mesozoic Era located between the ancient continents of Gondwana and Laurasia, before the opening of the Indian and Atlantic oceans during the Cretaceous Period.
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Tetrapodomorpha
The Tetrapodomorpha (also known as Choanata) are a clade of vertebrates consisting of tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates) and their closest sarcopterygian relatives that are more closely related to living tetrapods than to living lungfish.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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The Panda's Thumb (book)
The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections in Natural History (1980) is a collection of 31 essays by the Harvard University paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould.
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Theropoda
Theropoda (or, from Greek θηρίον "wild beast" and πούς, ποδός "foot") or theropods are a dinosaur suborder characterized by hollow bones and three-toed limbs.
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Troodontidae
Troodontidae is a family of bird-like theropod dinosaurs.
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University of California Museum of Paleontology
The University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) is a paleontology museum located on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley.
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University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.
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University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private, non-profit research university in Chicago, Illinois.
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University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States.
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University of Michigan Museum of Natural History
The University of Michigan Museum of Natural History is a natural history museum in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in the United States.
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Vascular plant
Vascular plants (from Latin vasculum: duct), also known as tracheophytes (from the equivalent Greek term trachea) and also higher plants, form a large group of plants (c. 308,312 accepted known species) that are defined as those land plants that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant.
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Vertebrate
Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).
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Vertebrate Palaeontology (Benton)
Vertebrate Palaeontology is a basic textbook on vertebrate paleontology by Michael J. Benton, published by Blackwell's.
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W. W. Norton & Company
W.
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Weight-bearing
In orthopedics, weight-bearing is the amount of weight a patient puts on the leg on which surgery has been performed.
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Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is the international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
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William Henry Lang
Prof William Henry Lang FRS FRSE FLS LLD (12 May 1874–29 August 1960) was a British botanist.
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Williams and Norgate
Williams and Norgate were publishers and book importers in London and Edinburgh.
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Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
The Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society.
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Intermediate species, Transition form, Transitional Fossils, Transitional Taxa, Transitional features, Transitional form, Transitional forms, Transitional fossils, Transitional group, Transitional species, Transitional taxa, Transitional taxon.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_fossil
