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606 relations: Abstract art, Adevărul, Adolf Hitler, Adolf Loos, Adrian Maniu, Aestheticism, African art, African literature, Agent of influence, Aix-en-Provence, Al. T. Stamatiad, Alain Resnais, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Alan Isler, Alberto Giacometti, Alberto Savinio, Alexandru Macedonski, Alfred Hefter, Alfred Jarry, Algerian War, Allen Ginsberg, Allies of World War I, Ambassador, Ana Pauker, Anagram, Anarchism, Anatol Vieru, André Breton, André Gide, André Lhote, André Malraux, André Masson, Andrei Codrescu, Androgyny, Anti-art, Anti-communism, Anti-establishment, Anti-fascism, Anti-war movement, Antisemitism, Apostrof, Armistice of 11 November 1918, Art criticism, Art Institute of Chicago, Art manifesto, Art rock, Arthur Adamov, Arthur Rimbaud, Arthur Segal (painter), Ashgate Publishing, ..., Attila József, Austria, Austria-Hungary, Avant-garde, Axis powers, Épater la bourgeoisie, Óscar Domínguez, Bacău County, Balkans, Ballets Russes, Bauhaus, BBC, Beat Generation, Benjamin Fondane, Benjamin Péret, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Black comedy, Black Sea, Boarding school, Bolsheviks, Boston Herald, Boulevard Raspail, Bourgeoisie, Brion Gysin, Bruno Jasieński, Bucharest, C. Hurst & Co., Cabaret Voltaire (Zurich), Calligram, Calligraphy, Cambridge University Press, Camil Petrescu, Capitalism, Card game, Carl Einstein, Cartea Românească, Cause célèbre, Central Powers, Charles Baudelaire, Charles de Gaulle, Charlie Chaplin, Chile, Chris Marker, Christian Morgenstern, Christian Schad, Cinema of the United States, Clairvoyance, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Claudia Millian, Clément Pansaers, Colin Morton, Collaboration with the Axis Powers, Collage, Cologne, Communism, Communist revolution, Comte de Lautréamont, Conservatism, Constantin Brâncuși, Constantin Rădulescu-Motru, Constantin T. Stoika, Constructivism (art), Contemporary classical music, Contimporanul, Continuum International Publishing Group, Convorbiri Literare, Cosmopolitanism, Cotidianul, Creacionismo, Cubism, Culture of Romania, Cut-up technique, Dada, David Bowie, David Bradby, David Westhead, Decolonization, Der Sturm, Dialectical materialism, DJ Spooky, Documentary film, Duel, Eastern Bloc, Eastern Europe, Eclecticism, Edgar Papu, El Lissitzky, Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania, Ellipsis (linguistics), Elsa Triolet, Emil Cioran, Emil Isac, Emmy Hennings, Epic poetry, Erik Satie, Esperanto, Eternal oblivion, ETH Zurich, Eugène Guillevic, Eugène Ionesco, Eugen Lovinescu, Eugene Jolas, Eugeniu Ștefănescu-Est, Eugeniu Sperantia, Europeana, Experimental literature, Expressionism, Exquisite corpse, Ezra Pound, False advertising, Fascism, Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania, Felicia Hardison Londré, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Folk high school, Folklore, Folklore of Romania, François Villon, France, Francis Picabia, Francis Ponge, Francisco Franco, Francoist Spain, Francs-Tireurs et Partisans, Frank McEwen, Franz Jung, Free France, Free verse, French colonial empire, French Communist Party, French Fifth Republic, French Fourth Republic, French language, French literature, French Resistance, Freudo-Marxism, Functionalism (architecture), Futurism, Futurism (music), Gare de l'Est, Gârceni, George Bacovia, George Călinescu, George Grosz, Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes, German Empire, German language, German military administration in occupied France during World War II, German Revolution of 1918–19, German Tyrol, German-occupied Europe, Gertrude Stein, Gestapo, Gherasim Luca, Ghetto, Gino Cantarelli, Giorgio de Chirico, Giuseppe Ungaretti, Goliard, Greater Romania, Greta Knutson, Guillaume Apollinaire, Gyula Illyés, Hamlet, Handkerchief of Clouds, Hanover, Hans Richter (artist), Happening, Harare, Harold Loeb, Harvard University Press, Hasidic philosophy, Hedonism, Heinz Berggruen, Henri Lefebvre, Henri Matisse, Hermeneutics, Historical materialism, Historical regions of Romania, History of Czechoslovakia (1918–38), History of the Jews in Romania, Hoax, Hobby horse (toy), Hugo Ball, Human condition, Humanism, Humanitas (publishing house), Hungarian People's Republic, Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Hungary, I. M. Rașcu, Iconoclasm, Igor Stravinsky, Ilarie Voronca, Ilia Zdanevich, Ilya Ehrenburg, Imagism, Imre Nagy, Imst, India, Internal rhyme, International Union of Students, Interview (magazine), Interwar period, Ion Antonescu, Ion Biberi, Ion Călugăru, Ion Minulescu, Ion Vinea, Iosif Iser, Ireland, Irina Livezeanu, Iron Curtain, Isidore Isou, Israel Museum, Italian Fascism, J. Hoberman, Jacques Hérold, Jacques Prévert, Jacques Vaché, James Joyce, Japan, Je suis partout, Jean Arp, Jean Cocteau, Jean Metzinger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Jean-Pierre Brisset, Jerome Rothenberg, Jewish Bolshevism, Jewish emancipation, Joan Miró, Johannes Baader, Johannesburg Art Gallery, John Heartfield, Joseph Stalin, Juan Gris, Judaism, Jules Laforgue, Julius Evola, Justin Wintle, Kabbalah, Kent State University, Kingdom of Romania, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Kru languages, Kurt Schwitters, L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue, Lajos Kassák, Lajos Tihanyi, Latin peoples, Laure Adler, Laurent Casanova, Law enforcement in Switzerland, László Rajk, Left-wing politics, Lehigh University Press, Leon Trotsky, Lettrism, Liberalization, Liberation of Paris, Literary criticism, Lithography, Littérature (magazine), Logic, Louis Aragon, Louis Durey, Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Love triangle, Lucian Boz, Lumpenproletariat, Lyric poetry, Madrid, Makoto Ueda (poetry critic), Malcolm Cowley, Man Ray, Mangalia, Mannequin, Maquis (World War II), Marcel Duchamp, Marcel Janco, Marguerite Duras, Marianne (magazine), Marseille, Martin Jay, Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, Mary Ann Caws, Mateiu Caragiale, Maurice Barrès, Maurice Maeterlinck, Max Ernst, Max Hermann Maxy, Max Ophüls, Māori language, McFarland & Company, Messiah, Michael Coveney, Michel Debré, Michel Leiris, Middle class, Militarism, Ministry of Culture (France), Ministry of Internal Affairs (Romania), Modernism, Moinești, Monocle, Montmartre, Montparnasse Cemetery, Mulk Raj Anand, Museum of Modern Art, Music hall, Musicality, Nancy Cunard, Narcissistic personality disorder, National Assembly (France), National communism, National Gallery of Zimbabwe, National Library of the Netherlands, Nationalism, Naturalization, Nazi Germany, Nâzım Hikmet, Neo-Dada, New Directions Publishing, Nicolae Davidescu, Nicolae Iorga, Nihilism, Noise music, Not I, Observator Cultural, October Revolution, Odalisque, Oedipus complex, Onomatopoeia, Orizont, Oskar Kokoschka, Ossip Zadkine, Otto Flake, Otto van Rees, Ovid Densusianu, Oxford University Press, Pablo Neruda, Pablo Picasso, Pacifism, Paris, Parody, Party line (politics), Pastoral, Paul Éluard, Paul Cernat, Paul Dermée, Paul Ramadier, Paul Valéry, Penelope Rosemont, Penn State University Press, Performance art, Permanent revolution, Perpessicius, Peter Weiss, Phenomenology (philosophy), Philippe Soupault, Pierre Albert-Birot, Pierre Reverdy, Poland, Political prisoner, Post-punk, Prefecture of Police, President of France, Prime Minister of France, Primitivism, Propaganda, Prose poetry, Protagonist, Protochronism, Provisional Government of the French Republic, Psychoanalysis, Punk rock, Punk subculture, Radio in Paris, Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française, Radiohead, Radu Gyr, Raoul Hausmann, Ration stamp, Raymond Queneau, Raymond Radiguet, Reactionary, Regional Italian, Rehabilitation (Soviet), Renaissance humanism in Northern Europe, René Char, René Crevel, René Daumal, Revista 22, Richard Huelsenbeck, Richard Wagner, Rive Gauche, Robert Cohen (acting theorist), Robert Delaunay, Rock music, Rodopi (publisher), Roger Blin, Romania, Romania in World War II, Romanian Communist Party, Romanian Cultural Institute, Romanian language, Romanian literature, Romanians, Romanza, Routledge, Rudolf von Laban, Rutgers University Press, Sașa Pană, Saint Sava National College, Salvador Dalí, Samuel Beckett, Satire, Sburătorul, Second Spanish Republic, Semiotics, Serge Fauchereau, Serge Nigg, Sergei Diaghilev, Siege of Madrid, Sigmund Freud, Simbolul, Simone de Beauvoir, Situationist International, Slavic languages, Slovenia, Social alienation, Social criticism, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Socialist realism, Socialist Republic of Romania, Song of Myself, Sonia Delaunay, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Sotheby's, Souillac, Lot, Southern France, Southern Rhodesia, Soviet Union, Spanish Civil War, Stalinism, Stanford University Press, Stilts, Stockholm, Stratosphere, Subconscious, Supreme War Council, Surrealism, Surrealist automatism, Surrealist Manifesto, Surrealist techniques, Surrealist Women, Switzerland, Symbolism (arts), Symbolist movement in Romania, Syntax, Temple University Press, Thames & Hudson, Théâtre de l'Œuvre, The Aesthetics of Resistance, The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, The Bald Soprano, The Gas Heart, The New York Times, The New York Times International Edition, The Observer, Theatre of the Absurd, Theo van Doesburg, Third Czechoslovak Republic, Time (magazine), Tom Hewitt (actor), Tom Stoppard, Totalitarianism, Toulouse, Tragicomedy, Transition (literary journal), Travesties, Trip hop, Tristan Corbière, Tristan und Isolde, Triumphal arch, Trotskyism, Tudor Arghezi, Turkey, Tuzla, Constanța, UbuWeb, Union of Communist Students, United States, University of Bucharest, University of California Press, University of Chicago Press, University of Chile, University of Florence, University of Illinois Press, University of Michigan Press, University of Minnesota Press, University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle, University of South Carolina Press, University of Wisconsin Press, University of Zurich, University Press of Florida, Unu, Urmuz, Utopia, Utopian and dystopian fiction, Valentine Hugo, Valery Oisteanu, Varian Fry, Variety show, Vaslui County, Vaudeville, Versuri și Proză, Vicente Huidobro, Vichy France, Victor Brauner, Victor Serge, Vienna Secession, Vladimir Lenin, Voluntarism (philosophy), Waiting for Godot, Walt Whitman, Walter de Gruyter, Walter Mehring, Walter Serner, Wandering Jew, Weimar, Wesleyan University Press, West Africa, Western esotericism, Western Europe, Western Moldavia, Wieland Herzfelde, Wifredo Lam, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Wilhelm Reich, William S. Burroughs, William Shakespeare, William Tell, Working class, World War I, World War II, Yiddish, Yiddish literature, Yodeling, Zünfte of Zürich, Zürich, Zen, Ziarul Financiar, Zigu Ornea, 391 (magazine). Expand index (556 more) »
Abstract art
Abstract art uses a visual language of shape, form, color and line to create a composition which may exist with a degree of independence from visual references in the world.
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Adevărul
Adevărul (meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled Adevĕrul) is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest.
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.
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Adolf Loos
Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos (10 December 1870 – 23 August 1933) was an Austrian and Czech architect and influential European theorist of modern architecture.
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Adrian Maniu
Adrian Maniu (February 6, 1891 – April 20, 1968) was a Romanian poet, prose writer, playwright, essayist and translator.
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Aestheticism
Aestheticism (also the Aesthetic Movement) is an intellectual and art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than social-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts.
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African art
African art describes the modern and historical paintings, sculptures, installations, and other visual culture from native or indigenous Africans and the African continent.
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African literature
African literature is literature of or from Africa and includes oral literature (or "orature", in the term coined by Ugandan scholar Pio Zirimu).
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Agent of influence
An agent of influence is an agent of some stature who uses his or her position to influence public opinion or decision making to produce results beneficial to the country whose intelligence service operates the agent.
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Aix-en-Provence
Aix-en-Provence (Provençal Occitan: Ais de Provença in classical norm, or Ais de Prouvènço in Mistralian norm,, Aquae Sextiae), or simply Aix (medieval Occitan Aics), is a city-commune in the south of France, about north of Marseille.
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Al. T. Stamatiad
Al.
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Alain Resnais
Alain Resnais (3 June 19221 March 2014) was a French film director and screenwriter whose career extended over more than six decades.
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Alain Robbe-Grillet
Alain Robbe-Grillet (18 August 1922 – 18 February 2008) was a French writer and filmmaker.
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Alan Isler
Alan Isler (September 12, 1934 – March 29, 2010) was an American novelist and professor.
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Alberto Giacometti
Alberto Giacometti (10 October 1901 – 11 January 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker.
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Alberto Savinio
Alberto Savinio, real name Andrea Francesco Alberto de Chirico (25 August 1891 – 5 May 1952) was an Italian writer, painter, musician, journalist, essayist, playwright, set designer and composer.
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Alexandru Macedonski
Alexandru Macedonski (also rendered as Al. A. Macedonski, Macedonschi or Macedonsky; March 14, 1854 – November 24, 1920) was a Romanian poet, novelist, dramatist and literary critic, known especially for having promoted French Symbolism in his native country, and for leading the Romanian Symbolist movement during its early decades.
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Alfred Hefter
Alfred Hefter (last name also Hefter-Hidalgo) (1892 in Iași – 1957 in Rome) was a Romanian poet, journalist, and writer of Jewish descent.
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Alfred Jarry
Alfred Jarry (8 September 1873 – 1 November 1907) was a French symbolist writer who is best known for his play Ubu Roi (1896).
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Algerian War
No description.
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Allen Ginsberg
Irwin Allen Ginsberg (June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet, philosopher, writer, and activist.
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Allies of World War I
The Allies of World War I, or Entente Powers, were the countries that opposed the Central Powers in the First World War.
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Ambassador
An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or sovereign or appointed for a special and often temporary diplomatic assignment.
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Ana Pauker
Ana Pauker (born Hannah Rabinsohn; 13 December 1893 – 3 June 1960) was a Romanian communist leader and served as the country's foreign minister in the late 1940s and early 1950s.
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Anagram
An anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once.
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Anarchism
Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.
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Anatol Vieru
Anatol Vieru (8 June 1926 – 8 October 1998) was a music theoretician, influential pedagogue, and a leading Romanian-Jewish composer of the 20th century.
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André Breton
André Breton (18 February 1896 – 28 September 1966) was a French writer, poet, and anti-fascist.
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André Gide
André Paul Guillaume Gide (22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature.
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André Lhote
André Lhote (5 July 1885 – 24 January 1962) was a French Cubist painter of figure subjects, portraits, landscapes and still life.
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André Malraux
André Malraux DSO (3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976) was a French novelist, art theorist and Minister of Cultural Affairs.
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André Masson
André-Aimé-René Masson (4 January 1896 – 28 October 1987) was a French artist.
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Andrei Codrescu
Andrei Codrescu (born December 20, 1946) is a Romanian-American poet, novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and commentator for National Public Radio.
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Androgyny
Androgyny is the combination of masculine and feminine characteristics.
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Anti-art
Anti-art is a loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general.
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Anti-communism
Anti-communism is opposition to communism.
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Anti-establishment
An anti-establishment view or belief is one which stands in opposition to the conventional social, political, and economic principles of a society.
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Anti-fascism
Anti-fascism is opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals.
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Anti-war movement
An anti-war movement (also antiwar) is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause.
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Antisemitism
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.
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Apostrof
Apostrof (Romanian for "Apostrophe") is a monthly literary magazine published in Cluj-Napoca, Romania under the Romanian Writers' Union patronage.
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Armistice of 11 November 1918
The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice that ended fighting on land, sea and air in World War I between the Allies and their last opponent, Germany.
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Art criticism
Art criticism is the discussion or evaluation of visual art.
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Art Institute of Chicago
The Art Institute of Chicago, founded in 1879 and located in Chicago's Grant Park, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the United States.
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Art manifesto
An art manifesto is a public declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of an artist or artistic movement.
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Art rock
Art rock is a subgenre of rock music that generally reflects a challenging or avant-garde approach to rock, or which makes use of modernist, experimental, or unconventional elements.
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Arthur Adamov
Arthur Adamov (23 August 1908 – 15 March 1970) was a playwright, one of the foremost exponents of the Theatre of the Absurd.
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Arthur Rimbaud
Jean Nicolas Arthur Rimbaud (20 October 1854 – 10 November 1891) was a French poet who is known for his influence on modern literature and arts, which prefigured surrealism.
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Arthur Segal (painter)
Arthur Segal (23 July 1875 — 23 June 1944) was a Romanian artist and author.
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Ashgate Publishing
Ashgate Publishing was an academic book and journal publisher based in Farnham (Surrey, United Kingdom).
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Attila József
Attila József (11 April 1905 – 3 December 1937) was a Hungarian poet of the 20th century.
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Austria
Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.
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Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.
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Avant-garde
The avant-garde (from French, "advance guard" or "vanguard", literally "fore-guard") are people or works that are experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.
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Axis powers
The Axis powers (Achsenmächte; Potenze dell'Asse; 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.
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Épater la bourgeoisie
or is a French phrase that became a rallying cry for the French Decadent poets of the late 19th century including Charles Baudelaire and Arthur Rimbaud.
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Óscar Domínguez
Oscar M. Domínguez (January 3, 1906 – December 31, 1957) was a Spanish surrealist painter.
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Bacău County
Bacău is a county (județ) of Romania, in Moldavia, with its capital city at Bacău.
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Balkans
The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.
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Ballets Russes
The Ballets Russes was an itinerant ballet company based in Paris that performed between 1909 and 1929 throughout Europe and on tours to North and South America.
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Bauhaus
Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.
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Beat Generation
The Beat Generation was a literary movement started by a group of authors whose work explored and influenced American culture and politics in the post-World War II era.
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Benjamin Fondane
Benjamin Fondane or Benjamin Fundoianu (born Benjamin Wechsler, Wexler or Vecsler, first name also Beniamin or Barbu, usually abridged to B.; November 14, 1898 – October 2, 1944) was a Romanian and French poet, critic and existentialist philosopher, also noted for his work in film and theater.
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Benjamin Péret
Benjamin Péret (4 July 1899 – 18 September 1959) was a French poet, Parisian Dadaist and a founder and central member of the French Surrealist movement with his avid use of Surrealist automatism.
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Bibliothèque nationale de France
The (BnF, English: National Library of France) is the national library of France, located in Paris.
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Black comedy
Black comedy, also known as dark comedy or gallows humor, is a comic style that makes light of subject matter that is generally considered taboo, particularly subjects that are normally considered serious or painful to discuss.
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Black Sea
The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.
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Boarding school
A boarding school provides education for pupils who live on the premises, as opposed to a day school.
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Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
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Boston Herald
The Boston Herald is an American daily newspaper whose primary market is Boston, Massachusetts and its surrounding area.
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Boulevard Raspail
Boulevard Raspail is a boulevard of Paris, in France.
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Bourgeoisie
The bourgeoisie is a polysemous French term that can mean.
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Brion Gysin
Brion Gysin (19 January 1916 – 13 July 1986) was a painter, writer, sound poet, and performance artist born in Taplow, Buckinghamshire.
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Bruno Jasieński
Bruno Jasieński; born Wiktor Zysman (17 July 1901 – 17 September 1938) was a Polish poet and leader of the Polish futurist movement in the interwar period,Dr Feliks Tomaszewski, Virtual Library of Polish Literature, University of Gdansk.
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Bucharest
Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.
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C. Hurst & Co.
Hurst Publishers (C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd) is an independent non-fiction publisher based in the Bloomsbury area of London.
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Cabaret Voltaire (Zurich)
Cabaret Voltaire was the name of a artistic nightclub in Zürich, Switzerland.
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Calligram
A calligram is a text visually arranged in a way that it forms an image associated with the text's contents.
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Calligraphy
Calligraphy (from Greek: καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Camil Petrescu
Camil Petrescu (22 April 1894 – 14 May 1957; born and died in Bucharest) was a Romanian playwright, novelist, philosopher and poet.
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Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.
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Card game
A card game is any game using playing cards as the primary device with which the game is played, be they traditional or game-specific.
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Carl Einstein
Carl Einstein (26 April 1885 – 5 July 1940), born Karl Einstein, was an influential German Jewish writer, art historian, anarchist and critic.
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Cartea Românească
Cartea Românească ("The Romanian Book") is a publishing house in Bucharest, Romania, founded in 1919.
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Cause célèbre
A cause célèbre (famous case; plural causes célèbres) is an issue or incident arousing widespread controversy, outside campaigning, and heated public debate.
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Central Powers
The Central Powers (Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttifak Devletleri / Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit), consisting of Germany,, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria – hence also known as the Quadruple Alliance (Vierbund) – was one of the two main factions during World War I (1914–18).
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Charles Baudelaire
Charles Pierre Baudelaire (April 9, 1821 – August 31, 1867) was a French poet who also produced notable work as an essayist, art critic, and pioneering translator of Edgar Allan Poe.
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Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the French Resistance against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to reestablish democracy in France.
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Charlie Chaplin
Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film.
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Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
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Chris Marker
Chris Marker (29 July 1921 – 29 July 2012) was a French writer, photographer, documentary film director, multimedia artist and film essayist.
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Christian Morgenstern
Christian Otto Josef Wolfgang Morgenstern (6 May 1871 – 31 March 1914) was a German author and poet from Munich.
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Christian Schad
Christian Schad (August 21, 1894February 25, 1982) was a German painter associated with Dada and the New Objectivity movement.
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Cinema of the United States
The cinema of the United States, often metonymously referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on the film industry in general since the early 20th century.
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Clairvoyance
Clairvoyance (from French clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "vision") is the alleged ability to gain information about an object, person, location, or physical event through extrasensory perception.
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Claude Lévi-Strauss
Claude Lévi-Strauss (28 November 1908, Brussels – 30 October 2009, Paris) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist whose work was key in the development of the theory of structuralism and structural anthropology.
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Claudia Millian
Claudia Millian (also Millian-Minulescu; February 21, 1887 – September 21, 1961) was a Romanian poet.
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Clément Pansaers
Clément Pansaers (1 May 1885 – 31 October 1922) was the main proponent of the Dada movement in Belgium.
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Colin Morton
Colin Morton (born 1948 Toronto) is a Canadian poet.
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Collaboration with the Axis Powers
Within nations occupied by the Axis Powers in World War II, some citizens and organizations, prompted by nationalism, ethnic hatred, anti-communism, antisemitism, opportunism, self-defense, or often a combination, knowingly collaborated with the Axis Powers.
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Collage
Collage (from the coller., "to glue") is a technique of an art production, primarily used in the visual arts, where the artwork is made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole.
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Cologne
Cologne (Köln,, Kölle) is the largest city in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth most populated city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich).
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Communist revolution
A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution often, but not necessarily inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism, typically with socialism as an intermediate stage.
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Comte de Lautréamont
Comte de Lautréamont was the nom de plume of Isidore Lucien Ducasse (4 April 1846 – 24 November 1870), a French poet born in Uruguay.
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Conservatism
Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization.
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Constantin Brâncuși
Constantin Brâncuși (February 19, 1876 – March 16, 1957) was a Romanian sculptor, painter and photographer who made his career in France.
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Constantin Rădulescu-Motru
Constantin Rădulescu-Motru (born Constantin Rădulescu, he added the surname Motru in 1892; February 15, 1868 – March 6, 1957) was a Romanian philosopher, psychologist, sociologist, logician, academic, dramatist, as well as centre-left nationalist politician with a noted anti-fascist discourse.
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Constantin T. Stoika
Constantin T. Stoika (February 14, 1892 – October 23, 1916) was a Romanian poet and prose writer.
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Constructivism (art)
Constructivism was an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1913 by Vladimir Tatlin.
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Contemporary classical music
Contemporary classical music can be understood as belonging to the period that started in the mid-1970s to early 1990s, which includes modernist, postmodern, neoromantic, and pluralist music.
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Contimporanul
Contimporanul (antiquated spelling of the Romanian word for "the Contemporary", singular masculine form) was a Romanian (initially a weekly and later a monthly) avant-garde literary and art magazine, published in Bucharest between June 1922 and 1932.
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Continuum International Publishing Group
Continuum International Publishing Group was an academic publisher of books with editorial offices in London and New York City.
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Convorbiri Literare
Convorbiri Literare (meaning Literary Talk in English) is a Romanian literary magazine published in Romania.
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Cosmopolitanism
Cosmopolitanism is the ideology that all human beings belong to a single community, based on a shared morality.
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Cotidianul
The logo used between 2003 and 2007 Cotidianul (meaning The Daily in English) was a Romanian language newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania, between 1991 and 2009.
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Creacionismo
Creationism (creacionismo) was a literary movement initiated by Chilean poet Vicente Huidobro around 1912.
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Cubism
Cubism is an early-20th-century art movement which brought European painting and sculpture historically forward toward 20th century Modern art.
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Culture of Romania
The culture of Romania is the product of its geography and its distinct historical evolution.
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Cut-up technique
The cut-up technique (or découpé in French) is an aleatory literary technique in which a written text is cut up and rearranged to create a new text.
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Dada
Dada or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century, with early centers in Zürich, Switzerland, at the Cabaret Voltaire (circa 1916); New York Dada began circa 1915, and after 1920 Dada flourished in Paris.
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David Bowie
David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer-songwriter and actor.
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David Bradby
David Bradby (27 February 1942 – 17 January 2011) was a British drama and theatre academic with particular research interests in French theatre, Modernist / Postmodernist theatre, the role of the director and the Theatre of the Absurd.
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David Westhead
David William Logan Westhead (born 1 June 1963) is an English actor.
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Decolonization
Decolonization (American English) or decolonisation (British English) is the undoing of colonialism: where a nation establishes and maintains its domination over one or more other territories.
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Der Sturm
Der Sturm (The Storm) was a German art and literary magazine covering Expressionism, Cubism, Dada and Surrealism, among other artistic movements.
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Dialectical materialism
Dialectical materialism (sometimes abbreviated diamat) is a philosophy of science and nature developed in Europe and based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
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DJ Spooky
Paul Dennis Miller (born 1970), known professionally as DJ Spooky, That Subliminal Kid, is a Washington DC-born electronic and experimental hip hop musician whose work is often called by critics or his fans as "illbient" or "trip hop".
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Documentary film
A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record.
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Duel
A duel is an arranged engagement in combat between two people, with matched weapons, in accordance with agreed-upon rules.
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Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.
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Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent.
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Eclecticism
Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in particular cases.
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Edgar Papu
Edgar Papu or Edgard I. Pappu (Bucharest, 13/26 September 1908 – 30 March 1993) was a Romanian scholar of literature and professor.
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El Lissitzky
Lazar Markovich Lissitzky (Ла́зарь Ма́ркович Лиси́цкий,; – December 30, 1941), known as El Lissitzky (Эль Лиси́цкий, על ליסיצקי), was a Russian artist, designer, photographer, typographer, polemicist and architect.
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Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania
The Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania, Institutul Naţional pentru Studierea Holocaustului din România „Elie Wiesel” in Romanian) is a public institution established by the Romanian government on August 7, 2005, and officially opened on October 9 of the same year, which is Romania's National Day of Commemorating the Holocaust. The institute is named after the Romanian-born Jewish Nobel Prize winner Elie Wiesel, who chaired the Wiesel Commission which reported on Romania's involvement in the Holocaust to the Romanian government in 2004, and which recommended that such an institute be established. The institute is responsible for researching Romania's role in the Holocaust, and gathering, archiving and publishing documents relating to this event. The institute is currently headed by Mihail E. Ionescu and falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.
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Ellipsis (linguistics)
In linguistics, ellipsis (from the ἔλλειψις, élleipsis, "omission") or an elliptical construction is the omission from a clause of one or more words that are nevertheless understood in the context of the remaining elements.
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Elsa Triolet
Elsa Triolet (– 16 June 1970), born Ella Yurievna Kagan (Элла Юрьевна Каган), was a Russian-French writer.
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Emil Cioran
Emil Cioran (8 April 1911 – 20 June 1995) was a Romanian philosopher and essayist, who published works in both Romanian and French.
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Emil Isac
Emil Isac (May 27, 1886 – March 25, 1954) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian poet, dramatist, short story writer and critic.
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Emmy Hennings
Emmy Hennings (born Emma Maria Cordsen, 17 January 1885 – 10 August 1948) was a performer and poet.
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Epic poetry
An epic poem, epic, epos, or epopee is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily involving a time beyond living memory in which occurred the extraordinary doings of the extraordinary men and women who, in dealings with the gods or other superhuman forces, gave shape to the moral universe that their descendants, the poet and his audience, must understand to understand themselves as a people or nation.
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Erik Satie
Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (17 May 18661 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist.
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Esperanto
Esperanto (or; Esperanto) is a constructed international auxiliary language.
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Eternal oblivion
In philosophy, eternal oblivion (also referred to as non-existence or nothingness) is the permanent cessation of one's consciousness upon death.
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ETH Zurich
ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich) is a science, technology, engineering and mathematics STEM university in the city of Zürich, Switzerland.
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Eugène Guillevic
Eugène Guillevic (Carnac, Morbihan, France, August 5, 1907 Carnac – March 19, 1997 Paris) was one of the better known French poets of the second half of the 20th century.
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Eugène Ionesco
Eugène Ionesco (born Eugen Ionescu,; 26 November 1909 – 28 March 1994) was a Romanian-French playwright who wrote mostly in French, and one of the foremost figures of the French Avant-garde theatre.
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Eugen Lovinescu
Eugen Lovinescu (31 October 1881 – 16 July 1943) was a Romanian modernist literary historian, literary critic, academic, and novelist, who in 1919 established the Sburătorul literary club.
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Eugene Jolas
John George Eugène Jolas (October 26, 1894 – May 26, 1952) was a writer, translator and literary critic.
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Eugeniu Ștefănescu-Est
Eugeniu Ștefănescu-Est (also known as Eugen Ștefănescu-Est or Eugeniu Est, born Eugeniu Gh. Ștefănescu; – March 12, 1980) was a Romanian poet, prose writer and visual artist, professionally active as a lawyer.
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Eugeniu Sperantia
Eugeniu Sperantia (– January 11/12, 1972) was a Romanian poet, aesthetician, essayist, sociologist and philosopher.
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Europeana
Europeana.eu is the EU digital platform for cultural heritage.
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Experimental literature
Experimental literature refers to written work—usually fiction or poetry—that emphasizes innovation, most especially in technique.
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Expressionism
Expressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Exquisite corpse
Exquisite corpse, also known as exquisite cadaver (from the original French term), is a method by which a collection of words or images is collectively assembled.
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Ezra Pound
Ezra Weston Loomis Pound (30 October 1885 – 1 November 1972) was an expatriate American poet and critic, as well as a major figure in the early modernist poetry movement.
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False advertising
False advertising is the use of false, misleading, or unproven information to advertise products to consumers or advertising that does not disclose its source.
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Fascism
Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.
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Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania
The Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania (Federatia Comunitatilor Evreiesti din Romania, FCER) is an ethnic minority political party in Romania representing the Jewish community.
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Felicia Hardison Londré
Felicia Hardison Londré (born April 1, 1941) is Curators’ Professor of Theatre at the University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC).
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Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti (22 December 1876 – 2 December 1944) was an Italian poet, editor, art theorist, and founder of the Futurist movement.
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Folk high school
Folk high schools (Danish: Folkehøjskole; Dutch: Volkshogeschool; Finnish: kansanopisto and työväenopisto or kansalaisopisto; German: Volkshochschule and (a few) Heimvolkshochschule; Norwegian: Folkehøgskole; Swedish: Folkhögskola; Hungarian: népfőiskola) are institutions for adult education that generally do not grant academic degrees, though certain courses might exist leading to that goal.
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Folklore
Folklore is the expressive body of culture shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group.
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Folklore of Romania
A feature of Romanian culture is the special relationship between folklore and the learned culture, determined by two factors.
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François Villon
François Villon (pronounced in modern French; in fifteenth-century French), born in Paris in 1431 and disappeared from view in 1463, is the best known French poet of the late Middle Ages.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Francis Picabia
Francis Picabia (born Francis-Marie Martinez de Picabia, 22January 1879 – 30November 1953) was a French avant-garde painter, poet and typographist.
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Francis Ponge
Francis Jean Gaston Alfred Ponge (27 March 1899 – 6 August 1988) was a French essayist and poet.
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Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975.
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Francoist Spain
Francoist Spain (España franquista) or the Franco regime (Régimen de Franco), formally known as the Spanish State (Estado Español), is the period of Spanish history between 1939, when Francisco Franco took control of Spain after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War establishing a dictatorship, and 1975, when Franco died and Prince Juan Carlos was crowned King of Spain.
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Francs-Tireurs et Partisans
The Francs-Tireurs et Partisans Français (FTPF), or commonly the Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP), was an armed resistance organization created by leaders of the French Communist Party during World War II (1939–45).
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Frank McEwen
Francis Jack "Frank" McEwen, OBE (19 April 1907 – 15 January 1994) was an English artist, teacher, and museum administrator.
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Franz Jung
Franz Jung (26 November 1888, Nysa – 21 January 1963, Stuttgart) was a writer, economist and political activist in Germany.
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Free France
Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government-in-exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France.
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Free verse
Free verse is an open form of poetry.
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French colonial empire
The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies, protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward.
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French Communist Party
The French Communist Party (Parti communiste français, PCF) is a communist party in France.
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French Fifth Republic
The Fifth Republic, France's current republican system of government, was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958.
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French Fourth Republic
The French Fourth Republic was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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French literature
French literature is, generally speaking, literature written in the French language, particularly by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak traditional languages of France other than French.
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French Resistance
The French Resistance (La Résistance) was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.
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Freudo-Marxism
Freudo-Marxism is a loose designation for philosophies that have been informed by or have attempted to synthesize the works of Karl Marx and the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud.
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Functionalism (architecture)
In architecture, functionalism is the principle that buildings should be designed based solely on the purpose and function of the building.
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Futurism
Futurism (Futurismo) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century.
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Futurism (music)
Futurism was an early 20th-century art movement which encompassed painting, sculpture, poetry, theatre, music, architecture and gastronomy.
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Gare de l'Est
The Gare de l'Est ("Station of the East" in English), officially Paris-Est, is one of the six large SNCF termini in Paris.
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Gârceni
Gârceni is a commune in Vaslui County, Romania.
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George Bacovia
George Bacovia (the pen name of Gheorghe Vasiliu; – 22 May 1957) was a Romanian symbolist poet.
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George Călinescu
George Călinescu (19 June 1899, Iași – 12 March 1965, Otopeni) was a Romanian literary critic, historian, novelist, academician and journalist, and a writer of classicist and humanist tendencies.
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George Grosz
George Grosz (born Georg Ehrenfried Groß; July 26, 1893 – July 6, 1959) was a German artist known especially for his caricatural drawings and paintings of Berlin life in the 1920s.
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Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes
Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes (June 19, 1884 – July 9, 1974) was a French writer and artist associated with the Dada movement.
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German Empire
The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.
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German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
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German military administration in occupied France during World War II
The Military Administration in France (Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France.
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German Revolution of 1918–19
The German Revolution or November Revolution (Novemberrevolution) was a civil conflict in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of the German federal constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary republic that later became known as the Weimar Republic.
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German Tyrol
German Tyrol (Deutschtirol; Tirolo tedesco) is a historical region in the Alps now divided between Austria and Italy.
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German-occupied Europe
German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were occupied by the military forces of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945 and administered by the Nazi regime.
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Gertrude Stein
Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American novelist, poet, playwright, and art collector.
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Gestapo
The Gestapo, abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe.
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Gherasim Luca
Gherasim Luca (23 July 1913 – 9 February 1994) was a French-speaking Surrealist theorist and poet.
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Ghetto
A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, typically as a result of social, legal, or economic pressure.
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Gino Cantarelli
Gino Cantarelli (Mantova, 1899 – 1950) was an Italian Dadaist poet and painter of the early 20th century.
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Giorgio de Chirico
Giorgio de Chirico (10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978) was an Italian artist and writer.
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Giuseppe Ungaretti
Giuseppe Ungaretti (8 February 1888 – 2 June 1970) was an Italian modernist poet, journalist, essayist, critic, academic, and recipient of the inaugural 1970 Neustadt International Prize for Literature.
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Goliard
The goliards were a group of generally young clergy in Europe who wrote satirical Latin poetry in the 12th and 13th centuries of the Middle Ages.
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Greater Romania
The term Greater Romania (România Mare) usually refers to the borders of the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period.
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Greta Knutson
Greta Knutson or Knutson-Tzara (also known as Greta Knutson; 1899–1983) was a Swedish modernist visual artist, art critic, short story writer and poet.
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Guillaume Apollinaire
Guillaume Apollinaire (26 August 1880 – 9 November 1918) was a French poet, playwright, short story writer, novelist, and art critic of Polish descent.
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Gyula Illyés
Gyula Illyés (2 November 1902 – 15 April 1983) was a Hungarian poet and novelist.
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Hamlet
The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, often shortened to Hamlet, is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare at an uncertain date between 1599 and 1602.
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Handkerchief of Clouds
Handkerchief of Clouds: A Tragedy in Fifteen Acts (Mouchoir de Nuages) is a French-language Dadaist play by Romanian-born author Tristan Tzara.
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Hanover
Hanover or Hannover (Hannover), on the River Leine, is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), and was once by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, under their title as the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg (later described as the Elector of Hanover).
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Hans Richter (artist)
Hans Richter (6 April 1888 – 1 February 1976) was a German painter, graphic artist, avant-gardist, film-experimenter and producer.
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Happening
A happening is a performance, event, or situation meant to be considered art, usually as performance art.
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Harare
Harare (officially named Salisbury until 1982) is the capital and most populous city of Zimbabwe.
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Harold Loeb
Harold Albert Loeb (1891–1974) was an American writer, notable as an important American figure in the arts among expatriates in Paris in the 1920s.
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Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
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Hasidic philosophy
Hasidic philosophy or Hasidism (חסידות), alternatively transliterated as Hasidut or Chassidus, consists of the teachings of the Hasidic movement, which are the teachings of the Hasidic rebbes, often in the form of commentary on the Torah (the Five books of Moses) and Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism).
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Hedonism
Hedonism is a school of thought that argues that the pursuit of pleasure and intrinsic goods are the primary or most important goals of human life.
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Heinz Berggruen
Heinz Berggruen (6 January 1914 – 23 February 2007) was a German art dealer and collector who sold 165 works of art to the German federal government to form the core of the Berggruen Museum in Berlin, Germany.
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Henri Lefebvre
Henri Lefebvre (16 June 1901 – 29 June 1991) was a French Marxist philosopher and sociologist, best known for pioneering the critique of everyday life, for introducing the concepts of the right to the city and the production of social space, and for his work on dialectics, alienation, and criticism of Stalinism, existentialism, and structuralism.
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Henri Matisse
Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship.
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Hermeneutics
Hermeneutics is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts.
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Historical materialism
Historical materialism is the methodological approach of Marxist historiography that focuses on human societies and their development over time, claiming that they follow a number of observable tendencies.
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Historical regions of Romania
The historical regions of Romania are located in Central and Southeastern Europe.
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History of Czechoslovakia (1918–38)
The Czechoslovak First Republic emerged from the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in October 1918.
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History of the Jews in Romania
The history of the Jews in Romania concerns the Jews both of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is present-day Romanian territory.
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Hoax
A hoax is a falsehood deliberately fabricated to masquerade as the truth.
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Hobby horse (toy)
A hobby horse (or hobby-horse) is a child's toy horse, particularly popular during the days before cars.
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Hugo Ball
Hugo Ball (22 February 1886 – 14 September 1927) was a German author, poet, and essentially the founder of the Dada movement in European art in Zürich in 1916.
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Human condition
The human condition is "the characteristics, key events, and situations which compose the essentials of human existence, such as birth, growth, emotionality, aspiration, conflict, and mortality".
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Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition.
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Humanitas (publishing house)
Humanitas (Editura Humanitas) is an independent Romanian publishing house, founded on February 1, 1990 (after the Romanian Revolution) in Bucharest by the philosopher Gabriel Liiceanu, based on a state-owned publishing house, Editura Politică.
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Hungarian People's Republic
The Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság) was a one-party socialist republic (communist state) from 20 August 1949 to 23 October 1989.
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Hungarian Revolution of 1956
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956, or Hungarian Uprising of 1956 (1956-os forradalom or 1956-os felkelés), was a nationwide revolt against the Marxist-Leninist government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies, lasting from 23 October until 10 November 1956.
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Hungary
Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.
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I. M. Rașcu
I.
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Iconoclasm
IconoclasmLiterally, "image-breaking", from κλάω.
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Igor Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (ˈiɡərʲ ˈfʲɵdərəvʲɪtɕ strɐˈvʲinskʲɪj; 6 April 1971) was a Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor.
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Ilarie Voronca
Ilarie Voronca (pen name of Eduard Marcus; 31 December 1903, Brăila—8 April 1946, Paris) was a Romanian-French avant-garde poet and essayist.
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Ilia Zdanevich
Ilia Mikhailovich Zdanevich (ილია ზდანევიჩი, Илья́ Миха́йлович Здане́вич) (April 21, 1894 – December 25, 1975), known as Iliazd (ილიაზდ), was a Georgian and French writer and artist, and an active participant in such avant-garde movements as Russian Futurism and Dada.
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Ilya Ehrenburg
Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg (Илья́ Григо́рьевич Эренбу́рг,; – 31 August 1967) was a Jewish Soviet writer, Bolshevik revolutionary, journalist and historian.
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Imagism
Imagism was a movement in early 20th-century Anglo-American poetry that favored precision of imagery and clear, sharp language.
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Imre Nagy
Imre Nagy (7 June 1896 – 16 June 1958) was a Hungarian communist politician who was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic on two occasions.
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Imst
Imst is a town in the Austrian federal state of Tyrol.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Internal rhyme
In poetry, internal rhyme, or middle rhyme, is rhyme that occurs within a single line of verse, or between internal phrases across multiple lines.
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International Union of Students
The International Union of Students (IUS) is a worldwide nonpartisan association of university student organizations.
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Interview (magazine)
Interview was an American magazine founded in late 1969 by artist Andy Warhol and British journalist John Wilcock.
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Interwar period
In the context of the history of the 20th century, the interwar period was the period between the end of the First World War in November 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War in September 1939.
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Ion Antonescu
Ion Antonescu (– June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships.
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Ion Biberi
Ion Biberi (July 21, 1904–September 27, 1990) was a Romanian prose writer, essayist and literary critic.
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Ion Călugăru
Ion Călugăru (born Ștrul Leiba Croitoru, Ion Călugăru, Ioan Lăcustă,, at the; retrieved February 17, 2010 also known as Buium sin Strul-Leiba Croitoru, Liviu Rotman (ed.),, Editura Hasefer, Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania & Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania, Bucharest, 2008, p.174. B. Croitoru;Călinescu, p.795; Crohmălniceanu, p.346Tudor Opriș, Istoria debutului literar al scriitorilor români în timpul școlii (1820-2000), Aramis Print, Bucharest, 2002, p.132. Ioana Pârvulescu,, in România Literară, Nr. 16/2002 February 14, 1902 – May 22, 1956) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist and critic.
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Ion Minulescu
Ion Minulescu (6 January 1881 – 11 April 1944) was a Romanian avant-garde poet, novelist, short story writer, journalist, literary critic, and playwright.
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Ion Vinea
Ion Vinea (born Ioan Eugen Iovanaki, sometimes Iovanache; April 17, 1895 – July 6, 1964) was a Romanian poet, novelist, journalist, literary theorist, and political figure.
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Iosif Iser
Iosif Iser (21 May 1881 – 25 April 1958; born and died in Bucharest) was a Romanian painter and graphic artist.
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Ireland
Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.
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Irina Livezeanu
Irina Livezeanu (born 1952) is a Romanian-born American historian.
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Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain was the name for the boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.
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Isidore Isou
Isidore Isou (29 January 1925 – 28 July 2007), born Jean-Isidor Goldstein, was a Romanian-born French poet, dramaturge, novelist, economist, and visual artist who lived in the 20th century.
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Israel Museum
The Israel Museum (מוזיאון ישראל, Muze'on Yisrael) was established in 1965 as Israel's national museum.
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Italian Fascism
Italian Fascism (fascismo italiano), also known simply as Fascism, is the original fascist ideology as developed in Italy.
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J. Hoberman
James Lewis Hoberman (born March 14, 1949), known as J. Hoberman, is an American film critic, journalist, author and academic.
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Jacques Hérold
Jacques Hérold (born Herold Blumer; 10 October 191011 January 1987) was a prominent surrealist painter born in Piatra Neamț, Romania.
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Jacques Prévert
Jacques Prévert (4 February 190011 April 1977) was a French poet and screenwriter.
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Jacques Vaché
Jacques Vaché Jacques Vaché (7 September 1895 – 6 January 1919) was a friend of André Breton, the founder of surrealism.
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James Joyce
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Je suis partout
Je suis partout (lit. I am everywhere) was a French newspaper founded by Jean Fayard, first published on 29 November 1930.
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Jean Arp
Jean Arp or Hans Arp (16 September 1886 – 7 June 1966) was a German-French sculptor, painter, poet, and abstract artist in other media such as torn and pasted paper.
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Jean Cocteau
Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 – 11 October 1963) was a French poet, writer, designer, playwright, artist and filmmaker.
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Jean Metzinger
Jean Dominique Antony Metzinger (24 June 1883 – 3 November 1956) was a major 20th-century French painter, theorist, writer, critic and poet, who along with Albert Gleizes wrote the first theoretical work on Cubism.
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Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activist, biographer, and literary critic.
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Jean-Pierre Brisset
Jean-Pierre Brisset (30 October 1837 – 2 September 1919) was a French writer.
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Jerome Rothenberg
Jerome Rothenberg (born December 11, 1931) is an American poet, translator and anthologist, noted for his work in the fields of ethnopoetics and performance poetry.
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Jewish Bolshevism
Jewish Bolshevism, also Judeo–Bolshevism, is an anti-communist and antisemitic canard, which alleges that the Jews were the originators of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and that they held the primary power among the Bolsheviks.
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Jewish emancipation
Jewish emancipation was the external (and internal) process in various nations in Europe of eliminating Jewish disabilities, e.g. Jewish quotas, to which Jewish people were then subject, and the recognition of Jews as entitled to equality and citizenship rights on a communal, not merely individual, basis.
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Joan Miró
Joan Miró i Ferrà (20 April 1893 – 25 December 1983) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, and ceramicist born in Barcelona.
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Johannes Baader
Johannes Baader (June 22, 1875 – January 15, 1955), originally trained as an architect, was a writer and artist associated with Dada in Berlin.
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Johannesburg Art Gallery
The Johannesburg Art Gallery is an art gallery in Joubert Park in the central business district of Johannesburg, South Africa.
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John Heartfield
John Heartfield (born Helmut Herzfeld; 19 June 1891 – 26 April 1968) was a visual artist who pioneered the use of art as a political weapon.
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.
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Juan Gris
José Victoriano (Carmelo Carlos) González-Pérez (March 23, 1887 – May 11, 1927), better known as Juan Gris, was a Spanish painter and sculptor born in Madrid who lived and worked in France most of his life.
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Judaism
Judaism (originally from Hebrew, Yehudah, "Judah"; via Latin and Greek) is the religion of the Jewish people.
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Jules Laforgue
Jules Laforgue (16 August 1860 – 20 August 1887) was a Franco-Uruguayan poet, often referred to as a Symbolist poet.
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Julius Evola
Baron Giulio Cesare Andrea Evola (19 May 1898–11 June 1974), better known as Julius Evola, was an Italian philosopher, painter, and esotericist.
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Justin Wintle
Justin Wintle (born 1949) is an English author, editor and journalist who has contributed to a wide variety of media-outlets.
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Kabbalah
Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה, literally "parallel/corresponding," or "received tradition") is an esoteric method, discipline, and school of thought that originated in Judaism.
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Kent State University
Kent State University (KSU) is a large, primarily residential, public research university in Kent, Ohio, United States.
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Kingdom of Romania
The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe which existed from 1881, when prince Carol I of Romania was proclaimed King, until 1947, when King Michael I of Romania abdicated and the Parliament proclaimed Romania a republic.
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Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; Кралство Југославија) was a state in Southeast Europe and Central Europe, that existed from 1918 until 1941, during the interwar period and beginning of World War II.
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Kru languages
The Kru languages belong to the Niger–Congo language family and are spoken by the Kru people from the southeast of Liberia to the east of Ivory Coast.
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Kurt Schwitters
Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters (20 June 1887 – 8 January 1948) was a German artist who was born in Hanover, Germany.
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L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue
L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue (L'Illa de Sòrga or L'Illa de Venissa) is a town and commune on the Sorgue river in southeastern France.
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Lajos Kassák
Lajos Kassák (March 21, 1887, Érsekújvár – July 22, 1967, Budapest) was a Hungarian poet, novelist, painter, essayist, editor, theoretician of the avant-garde, and occasional translator.
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Lajos Tihanyi
Lajos Tihanyi (29 October 1885 – 11 June 1938) was a Hungarian painter and lithographer who achieved international renown working outside his country, primarily in Paris, France.
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Latin peoples
Latin peoples, also called Romance peoples, is a term used broadly to refer to those societies heavily influenced by Roman culture that, after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, started to diverge from the spoken Vulgar Latin language, creating localized versions which nowadays make up the Romance languages.
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Laure Adler
Laure Adler, née Laure Clauzet (born 11 March 1950, in Caen) is a French journalist, writer, publisher and radio/TV producer.
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Laurent Casanova
Laurent Casanova was a French politician.
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Law enforcement in Switzerland
Law enforcement in Switzerland is mainly a responsibility of the 26 cantons of Switzerland, who each operate cantonal police agencies.
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László Rajk
László Rajk (March 8, 1909 – October 15, 1949) was a Hungarian Communist politician, who served as Minister of Interior and Minister of Foreign Affairs.
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Left-wing politics
Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy.
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Lehigh University Press
Lehigh University Press is the publishing house of Lehigh University.
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Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky (born Lev Davidovich Bronstein; – 21 August 1940) was a Russian revolutionary, theorist, and Soviet politician.
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Lettrism
Lettrism is a French avant-garde movement, established in Paris in the mid-1940s by Romanian immigrant Isidore Isou.
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Liberalization
Liberalization (or liberalisation) is a general term for any process whereby a state lifts restrictions on some private individual activities.
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Liberation of Paris
The Liberation of Paris (also known as the Battle for Paris and Belgium; Libération de Paris) was a military action that took place during World War II from 19 August 1944 until the German garrison surrendered the French capital on 25 August 1944.
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Literary criticism
Literary criticism (or literary studies) is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature.
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Lithography
Lithography is a method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water.
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Littérature (magazine)
Littérature was a literary and surrealistic magazine edited by André Breton, Philippe Soupault, and Louis Aragon.
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Logic
Logic (from the logikḗ), originally meaning "the word" or "what is spoken", but coming to mean "thought" or "reason", is a subject concerned with the most general laws of truth, and is now generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of valid inference.
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Louis Aragon
Louis Aragon (3 October 1897 – 24 December 1982) was a French poet, who was one of the leading voices of the surrealist movement in France, who co-founded with André Breton and Philippe Soupault the surrealist review Littérature.
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Louis Durey
Louis Edmond Durey (27 May 18883 July 1979)Randel, Don Michael (1996).
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Louis-Ferdinand Céline
Louis-Ferdinand Céline was the pen name of Louis Ferdinand Auguste Destouches (27 May 1894 – 1 July 1961), a French novelist, pamphleteer and physician.
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Love triangle
A love triangle (also called a romantic love triangle or a romance triangle or an eternal triangle) is usually a romantic relationship involving three people.
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Lucian Boz
Lucian Boz (November 9, 1908 – March 14, 2003) was a Romanian literary critic, essayist, novelist, poet and translator.
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Lumpenproletariat
Lumpenproletariat is a term used primarily by Marxist theorists to describe the underclass devoid of class consciousness.
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Lyric poetry
Lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person.
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Madrid
Madrid is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.
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Makoto Ueda (poetry critic)
Makoto Ueda (上田 真 Ueda Makoto, born 1931) is a professor emeritus of Japanese literature at Stanford University.
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Malcolm Cowley
Malcolm Cowley (August 24, 1898 – March 27, 1989) was an American writer, editor, historian, poet, and literary critic.
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Man Ray
Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was an American visual artist who spent most of his career in France.
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Mangalia
Mangalia (Mankalya, ancient Callatis (Κάλλατις/Καλλατίς; other historical names: Pangalia, Panglicara, Tomisovara) is a city and a port on the coast of the Black Sea in the south-east of Constanța County, Romania. The municipality of Mangalia also administers several summer time seaside resorts: Cap Aurora, Jupiter, Neptun, Olimp, Saturn, Venus.
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Mannequin
A mannequin (also called a manikin, dummy, lay figure or dress form) is an often articulated doll used by artists, tailors, dressmakers, windowdressers and others especially to display or fit clothing.
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Maquis (World War II)
The Maquis were rural guerrilla bands of French Resistance fighters, called maquisards, during the Occupation of France in World War II.
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Marcel Duchamp
Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, conceptual art, and Dada, although he was careful about his use of the term Dada and was not directly associated with Dada groups.
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Marcel Janco
Marcel Janco (common rendition of the Romanian name Marcel Hermann Iancu, last name also Ianco, Janko or Jancu; May 24, 1895 – April 21, 1984) was a Romanian and Israeli visual artist, architect and art theorist.
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Marguerite Duras
Marguerite Donnadieu, known as Marguerite Duras (4 April 1914 – 3 March 1996), was a French novelist, playwright, screenwriter, essayist, and experimental filmmaker.
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Marianne (magazine)
Marianne is a weekly Paris-based French news magazine.
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Marseille
Marseille (Provençal: Marselha), is the second-largest city of France and the largest city of the Provence historical region.
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Martin Jay
Martin E. Jay (born 1944) is the Sidney Hellman Ehrman Professor of History at the University of California, Berkeley.
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Marxism
Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.
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Marxism–Leninism
In political science, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, of the Communist International and of Stalinist political parties.
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Mary Ann Caws
Mary Ann Caws (born 1933) is an American author, art historian and literary critic.
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Mateiu Caragiale
Mateiu Ion Caragiale (also credited as Matei or Matheiu; Mateiŭ is an antiquated version;Sorin Antohi,, in Tr@nsit online, Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen, Nr. 21/2002 – January 17, 1936) was a Romanian poet and prose writer, best known for his novel Craii de Curtea-Veche, which portrays the milieu of boyar descendants before and after World War I. Caragiale's style, associated with Symbolism, the Decadent movement of the fin de siècle, and early modernism, was an original element in the Romanian literature of the interwar period.
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Maurice Barrès
Auguste-Maurice Barrès (19 August 1862 – 4 December 1923) was a French novelist, journalist and politician.
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Maurice Maeterlinck
Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (also called Comte (Count) Maeterlinck from 1932; in Belgium, in France; 29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949) was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French.
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Max Ernst
Max Ernst (2 April 1891 – 1 April 1976) was a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet.
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Max Hermann Maxy
Max Hermann Maxy (also known as M. H. Maxy, born Max Herman; October 26, 1895–July 19, 1971) was a Romanian painter, art professor, scenographer, and professor of German-Jewish descent.
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Max Ophüls
Maximillian Oppenheimer (6 May 1902 – 26 March 1957), known as Max Ophüls, was a German-born film director who worked in Germany (1931–1933), France (1933–1940 and 1950–1957), and the United States (1947–1950).
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Māori language
Māori, also known as te reo ("the language"), is an Eastern Polynesian language spoken by the Māori people, the indigenous population of New Zealand.
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McFarland & Company
McFarland & Company, Inc. is an independent book publisher based in Jefferson, North Carolina that specializes in academic and reference works, as well as general interest adult nonfiction.
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Messiah
In Abrahamic religions, the messiah or messias is a saviour or liberator of a group of people.
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Michael Coveney
Michael Coveney (born 24 July 1948) is a British theatre critic.
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Michel Debré
Michel Jean-Pierre Debré (15 January 1912 – 2 August 1996) was the first Prime Minister of the French Fifth Republic.
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Michel Leiris
Julien Michel Leiris (April 20, 1901 in Paris – September 30, 1990 in Saint-Hilaire, Essonne) was a French surrealist writer and ethnographer.
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Middle class
The middle class is a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy.
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Militarism
Militarism is the belief or the desire of a government or a people that a state should maintain a strong military capability and to use it aggressively to expand national interests and/or values; examples of modern militarist states include the United States, Russia and Turkey.
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Ministry of Culture (France)
The Ministry of Culture (Ministère de la Culture) is the ministry of the Government of France in charge of national museums and the monuments historiques.
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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Romania)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Romania (Ministerul Afacerilor Interne) is one of the fifteen ministries of the Government of Romania.
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Modernism
Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Moinești
Moinești is a city in Bacău County, Romania, with a population of 21,787.
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Monocle
A monocle is a type of corrective lens used to correct or enhance the vision in only one eye.
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Montmartre
Montmartre is a large hill in Paris's 18th arrondissement.
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Montparnasse Cemetery
Montparnasse Cemetery (Cimetière du Montparnasse) is a cemetery in the Montparnasse quarter of Paris, part of the city's 14th arrondissement.
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Mulk Raj Anand
Mulk Raj Anand (12 December 1905 – 28 September 2004) was an Indian writer in English, notable for his depiction of the lives of the poorer castes in traditional Indian society.
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Museum of Modern Art
The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues.
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Music hall
Music hall is a type of British theatrical entertainment that was popular from the early Victorian era circa 1850 and lasting until 1960.
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Musicality
Musicality (music-al-ity) is "sensitivity to, knowledge of, or talent for music" or "the quality or state of being musical", and is used to refer to specific if vaguely defined qualities in pieces and/or genres of music, such as melodiousness and harmoniousness.
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Nancy Cunard
Nancy Clara Cunard (10 March 1896 – 17 March 1965) was a writer, heiress and political activist.
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Narcissistic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a personality disorder with a long-term pattern of abnormal behavior characterized by exaggerated feelings of self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.
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National Assembly (France)
The National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) is the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (Sénat).
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National communism
National communism refers to the various forms in which communism has been adopted and/or implemented by leaders in different countries.
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National Gallery of Zimbabwe
The National Gallery of Zimbabwe (NGZ) is a gallery in Harare, Zimbabwe, dedicated to the presentation and conservation of Zimbabwe's contemporary art and visual heritage.
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National Library of the Netherlands
The National Library of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninklijke Bibliotheek or KB; Royal Library) is based in The Hague and was founded in 1798.
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Nationalism
Nationalism is a political, social, and economic system characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining sovereignty (self-governance) over the homeland.
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Naturalization
Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen in a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Nâzım Hikmet
Nâzım Hikmet Ran (15 January 1902 – 3 June 1963), commonly known as Nâzım Hikmet was a Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, director and memoirist.
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Neo-Dada
Neo-Dada was a movement with audio, visual and literary manifestations that had similarities in method or intent with earlier Dada artwork.
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New Directions Publishing
New Directions Publishing Corp. is an independent book publishing company that was founded in 1936 by James Laughlin and incorporated in 1964. Its offices are located at 80 Eighth Avenue in New York City.
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Nicolae Davidescu
Nicolae Davidescu (October 24, 1888 – June 12, 1954) was a Romanian symbolist poet and novelist.
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Nicolae Iorga
Nicolae Iorga (sometimes Neculai Iorga, Nicolas Jorga, Nicolai Jorga or Nicola Jorga, born Nicu N. Iorga;Iova, p. xxvii. January 17, 1871 – November 27, 1940) was a Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet and playwright.
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Nihilism
Nihilism is the philosophical viewpoint that suggests the denial or lack of belief towards the reputedly meaningful aspects of life.
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Noise music
Noise music is a category of music that is characterised by the expressive use of noise within a musical context.
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Not I
Not I is a short dramatic monologue written in 1972 (March 20 to April 1) by Samuel Beckett which was premiered at the "Samuel Beckett Festival" by the Repertory Theater of Lincoln Center, New York (22 November 1972).
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Observator Cultural
Observator Cultural (meaning "The Cultural Observer" in English) is a weekly literary magazine based in Bucharest, Romania.
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October Revolution
The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.
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Odalisque
An odalisque (Odalık) was a chambermaid or a female attendant in a Turkish seraglio, particularly the court ladies in the household of the Ottoman sultan.
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Oedipus complex
The Oedipus complex is a concept of psychoanalytic theory.
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Onomatopoeia
An onomatopoeia (from the Greek ὀνοματοποιία; ὄνομα for "name" and ποιέω for "I make", adjectival form: "onomatopoeic" or "onomatopoetic") is a word that phonetically imitates, resembles or suggests the sound that it describes.
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Orizont
Orizont is a 2015 Romanian drama film written and directed by Marian Crișan from a story by Ioan Slavici.
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Oskar Kokoschka
Oskar Kokoschka (1 March 188622 February 1980) was an Austrian artist, poet and playwright best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and landscapes.
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Ossip Zadkine
Ossip Zadkine (Осип Цадкин; 28 January 1888 – 25 November 1967) was a Russian-born artist who lived in France.
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Otto Flake
Otto Flake (29 October 1880, Metz – 10 November 1963) was a German writer.
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Otto van Rees
Otto van Rees (4 January 1823 – 10 March 1892) was a Dutch liberal politician and colonial governor of the Dutch East Indies.
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Ovid Densusianu
Ovid Densusianu (also known under his pen name Ervin; 29 December 1873, Făgăraș – 9 June 1938, Bucharest) was a Romanian poet, philologist, linguist, folklorist, literary historian and critic, şef de şcoală poetică, university professor and journalist.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Pablo Neruda
Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto (12 July 1904 – 23 September 1973), better known by his pen name and, later, legal name Pablo Neruda, was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician.
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Pablo Picasso
Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France.
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Pacifism
Pacifism is opposition to war, militarism, or violence.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Parody
A parody (also called a spoof, send-up, take-off, lampoon, play on something, caricature, or joke) is a work created to imitate, make fun of, or comment on an original work—its subject, author, style, or some other target—by means of satiric or ironic imitation.
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Party line (politics)
In politics, the line or the party line is an idiom for a political party or social movement's canon agenda, as well as ideological elements specific to the organization's partisanship.
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Pastoral
A pastoral lifestyle (see pastoralism) is that of shepherds herding livestock around open areas of land according to seasons and the changing availability of water and pasture.
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Paul Éluard
Paul Éluard, born Eugène Émile Paul Grindel (14 December 1895 – 18 November 1952), was a French poet and one of the founders of the surrealist movement.
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Paul Cernat
Paul Cernat (born August 5, 1972 in Bucharest) is a Romanian essayist and literary critic.
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Paul Dermée
Paul Dermée (1886-1951) was a Belgian Writer, Poet, Literary Critique.
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Paul Ramadier
Paul Ramadier (17 March 1888, La Rochelle – 14 October 1961, Rodez) was a prominent French politician of the Third and Fourth Republics.
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Paul Valéry
Ambroise Paul Toussaint Jules Valéry (30 October 1871 – 20 July 1945) was a French poet, essayist, and philosopher.
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Penelope Rosemont
Penelope Rosemont (born 1942 in Chicago, Illinois), attended Lake Forest College.
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Penn State University Press
Penn State University Press, also called The Pennsylvania State University Press, was established in 1956 and is a non-profit publisher of scholarly books and journals.
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Performance art
Performance art is a performance presented to an audience within a fine art context, traditionally interdisciplinary.
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Permanent revolution
Permanent revolution is a term within Marxist theory, coined by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels by at least 1850 but which has since become most closely associated with Leon Trotsky.
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Perpessicius
Perpessicius (pen name of Dumitru S. Panaitescu, also known as Panait Șt. Dumitru, D. P. Perpessicius and Panaitescu-Perpessicius; October 22, 1891 – March 29, 1971) was a Romanian literary historian and critic, poet, essayist and fiction writer.
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Peter Weiss
Peter Ulrich Weiss (8 November 1916 – 10 May 1982) was a German writer, painter, graphic artist, and experimental filmmaker of adopted Swedish nationality.
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Phenomenology (philosophy)
Phenomenology (from Greek phainómenon "that which appears" and lógos "study") is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness.
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Philippe Soupault
Philippe Soupault (2 August 1897, Chaville, Hauts-de-Seine – 12 March 1990, Paris) was a French writer and poet, novelist, critic, and political activist.
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Pierre Albert-Birot
Pierre Albert-Birot (22 April 1876 – 25 July 1967) was a French avant-garde poet, dramatist, and theater manager.
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Pierre Reverdy
Pierre Reverdy (13 September 1889 – 17 June 1960) was a French poet whose works were inspired by and subsequently proceeded to influence the provocative art movements of the day, Surrealism, Dadaism and Cubism.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Political prisoner
A political prisoner is someone imprisoned because they have opposed or criticized the government responsible for their imprisonment.
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Post-punk
Post-punk (originally called new musick) is a broad type of rock music that emerged from the punk movement of the 1970s, in which artists departed from the simplicity and traditionalism of punk rock to adopt a variety of avant-garde sensibilities.
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Prefecture of Police
In France, a Prefecture of Police (Préfecture de police), headed by the Prefect of Police (Préfet de police), is an agency of the Government of France (and part of the French National Police) which provides the police force for one or some départements.
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President of France
The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française) is the executive head of state of France in the French Fifth Republic.
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Prime Minister of France
The French Prime Minister (Premier ministre français) in the Fifth Republic is the head of government.
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Primitivism
Primitivism is a mode of aesthetic idealization that either emulates or aspires to recreate "primitive" experience.
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Propaganda
Propaganda is information that is not objective and is used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda, often by presenting facts selectively to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is presented.
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Prose poetry
Prose poetry is poetry written in prose instead of using verse but preserving poetic qualities such as heightened imagery, parataxis and emotional effects.
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Protagonist
A protagonist In modern usage, a protagonist is the main character of any story (in any medium, including prose, poetry, film, opera and so on).
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Protochronism
Protochronism (anglicized from the Protocronism, from the Ancient Greek terms for "first in time") is a Romanian term describing the tendency to ascribe, largely relying on questionable data and subjective interpretations, an idealized past to the country as a whole.
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Provisional Government of the French Republic
The Provisional Government of the French Republic (gouvernement provisoire de la République française or GPRF) was an interim government of Free France between 1944 and 1946 following the liberation of continental France after Operations ''Overlord'' and ''Dragoon'', and lasted until the establishment of the French Fourth Republic.
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Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques related to the study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders.
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Punk rock
Punk rock (or "punk") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.
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Punk subculture
Punk subculture includes a diverse array of ideologies, fashion, and other forms of expression, visual art, dance, literature and film.
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Radio in Paris
Radio transmission in Paris began in 1921, and today there are many AM and FM radio stations available to listeners in Paris and the Île-de-France region.
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Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française
Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française (RTF – French Radio and Television Broadcasting) was the French national public broadcasting organization established on 9 February 1949 to replace the post-war "''Radiodiffusion Française''" (RDF), which had been founded on 23 March 1945 to replace ''Radiodiffusion Nationale'' (RN), created on 29 July 1939.
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Radiohead
Radiohead are an English rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985.
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Radu Gyr
Radu Gyr (pen name of Radu Ștefan Demetrescu; March 2, 1905, Câmpulung-Muscel – 29 April 1975, Bucharest) was a Romanian poet, essayist, playwright and journalist.
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Raoul Hausmann
Raoul Hausmann (July 12, 1886 – February 1, 1971) was an Austrian artist and writer.
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Ration stamp
A ration stamp or ration card is a stamp or card issued by a government to allow the holder to obtain food or other commodities that are in short supply during wartime or in other emergency situations when rationing is in force.
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Raymond Queneau
Raymond Queneau (21 February 1903 – 25 October 1976) was a French novelist, poet, critic, editor and co-founder and president of Oulipo (Ouvroir de littérature potentielle), notable for his wit and cynical humour.
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Raymond Radiguet
Raymond Radiguet (18 June 1903 – 12 December 1923) was a French novelist and poet whose two novels were noted for their explicit themes, and unique style and tone.
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Reactionary
A reactionary is a person who holds political views that favor a return to the status quo ante, the previous political state of society, which they believe possessed characteristics (discipline, respect for authority, etc.) that are negatively absent from the contemporary status quo of a society.
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Regional Italian
Regional Italian, sometimes also called dialects of Italian, is any regionalRegional in the broad sense of the word; not to be confused with the Italian endonym regione for Italy's administrative units variety of the Italian language.
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Rehabilitation (Soviet)
Rehabilitation (реабилитация, transliterated in English as reabilitatsiya or academically rendered as reabilitacija) was a term used in the context of the former Soviet Union, and the Post-Soviet states.
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Renaissance humanism in Northern Europe
Renaissance Humanism came much later to Germany and Northern Europe in general than to Italy, and when it did, it encountered some resistance from the scholastic theology which reigned at the universities.
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René Char
René Char (14 June 1907 – 19 February 1988) was a 20th-century French poet and member of the French Resistance.
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René Crevel
René Crevel (10 August 1900 – 18 June 1935) was a French writer involved with the surrealist movement.
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René Daumal
René Daumal (16 March 1908 – 21 May 1944) was a French spiritual para-surrealist writer and poet, best known for his posthumously published novel Mount Analogue (1952) as well as for being an early, outspoken practitioner of pataphysics.
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Revista 22
Revista 22 (22 Magazine) is a Romanian weekly magazine, issued by the Group for Social Dialogue and focused mainly on politics and culture.
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Richard Huelsenbeck
Carl Wilhelm Richard Hülsenbeck (23 April 189220 April 1974) was a German writer, poet, and psychoanalyst born in Frankenau, Hessen-Nassau.
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Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas").
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Rive Gauche
La Rive Gauche (The Left Bank) is the southern bank of the river Seine in Paris.
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Robert Cohen (acting theorist)
Robert Cohen (born 1938) is an American university professor, theatre director, playwright, and drama critic.
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Robert Delaunay
Robert Delaunay (12 April 1885 – 25 October 1941) was a French artist who, with his wife Sonia Delaunay and others, co-founded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colours and geometric shapes.
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Rock music
Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.
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Rodopi (publisher)
Rodopi, founded in 1966 in Amsterdam, Netherlands, is an academic publishing company with offices in the Netherlands and the United States.
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Roger Blin
Roger Blin (Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, 22 March 1907 – Évecquemont, France, 21 January 1984) was a French actor and director notable for staging world premieres of Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot in 1953 and ''Endgame'' (play) in 1957.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Romania in World War II
Following the outbreak of World War II on 1 September 1939, the Kingdom of Romania under King Carol II officially adopted a position of neutrality.
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Romanian Communist Party
The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român, PCR) was a communist party in Romania.
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Romanian Cultural Institute
The Romanian Cultural Institute (Institutul Cultural Român, abbreviation: ICR) is a state-funded institution that promotes Romanian culture and civilization in Romania and abroad.
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Romanian language
Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: limba română, "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is an East Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language.
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Romanian literature
Romanian literature is literature written by Romanian authors, although the term may also be used to refer to all literature written in the Romanian language.
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Romanians
The Romanians (români or—historically, but now a seldom-used regionalism—rumâni; dated exonym: Vlachs) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation native to Romania, that share a common Romanian culture, ancestry, and speak the Romanian language, the most widespread spoken Eastern Romance language which is descended from the Latin language. According to the 2011 Romanian census, just under 89% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. In one interpretation of the census results in Moldova, the Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would mean that the latter form part of the majority in that country as well.Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook By David Levinson, Published 1998 – Greenwood Publishing Group.At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. Source:: "however it is one interpretation of census data results. The subject of Moldovan vs Romanian ethnicity touches upon the sensitive topic of", page 108 sqq. Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, respectively Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, Czech Republic, Ukraine (including Moldovans), Serbia, and Bulgaria. Today, estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from 26 to 30 million according to various sources, evidently depending on the definition of the term 'Romanian', Romanians native to Romania and Republic of Moldova and their afferent diasporas, native speakers of Romanian, as well as other Eastern Romance-speaking groups considered by most scholars as a constituent part of the broader Romanian people, specifically Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians, and Vlachs in Serbia (including medieval Vlachs), in Croatia, in Bulgaria, or in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Romanza
Romanza is the first compilation album by Italian singer Andrea Bocelli, released internationally in 1997.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Rudolf von Laban
Rudolf von Laban, also known as Rudolf Laban (Rezső Lábán de Váraljas, Lábán Rezső, Lábán Rudolf) (15 December 1879 – 1 July 1958), was a dance artist and theorist.
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Rutgers University Press
Rutgers University Press is a nonprofit academic publishing house, operating in New Brunswick, New Jersey under the auspices of Rutgers University.
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Sașa Pană
Sașa Pană (pen name of Alexandru Binder; 8 August 1902—22 August 1981) was a Romanian avant-garde poet, novelist, and short story writer.
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Saint Sava National College
The Saint Sava National College (Romanian: Colegiul Național Sfântul Sava), Bucharest, is the oldest and the most prestigious high school in Romania.
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Salvador Dalí
Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, 1st Marquess of Dalí de Púbol (11 May 190423 January 1989), known professionally as Salvador Dalí, was a prominent Spanish surrealist born in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain.
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Samuel Beckett
Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989) was an Irish avant-garde novelist, playwright, theatre director, poet, and literary translator who lived in Paris for most of his adult life.
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Satire
Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement.
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Sburătorul
Sburătorul was a Romanian modernist literary magazine and literary society, established in Bucharest in April 1919.
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Second Spanish Republic
The Spanish Republic (República Española), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (Segunda República Española), was the democratic government that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939.
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Semiotics
Semiotics (also called semiotic studies) is the study of meaning-making, the study of sign process (semiosis) and meaningful communication.
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Serge Fauchereau
Serge Fauchereau (born October 31, 1939 in Rochefort-sur-mer) is a French art curator responsible for the exhibitions Paris-New York, Paris-Berlin, Paris-Moscow, Europa-Europa, Futurismo and Futurismi, among others.
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Serge Nigg
Serge Nigg (June 6, 1924 – November 12, 2008) was a French composer, born in Paris.
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Sergei Diaghilev
Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (sʲɪˈrɡʲej ˈpavɫovʲɪtɕ ˈdʲæɡʲɪlʲɪf; 19 August 1929), usually referred to outside Russia as Serge Diaghilev, was a Russian art critic, patron, ballet impresario and founder of the Ballets Russes, from which many famous dancers and choreographers would arise.
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Siege of Madrid
The Siege of Madrid was a two and a half year siege of the Spanish capital city of Madrid, during the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939.
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Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud (born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
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Simbolul
Simbolul (Romanian for "The Symbol") was a Romanian literary and art magazine, published in Bucharest between October and December 1912.
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Simone de Beauvoir
Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir (or;; 9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986) was a French writer, intellectual, existentialist philosopher, political activist, feminist and social theorist.
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Situationist International
The Situationist International (SI) was an international organization of social revolutionaries made up of avant-garde artists, intellectuals, and political theorists, prominent in Europe from its formation in 1957 to its dissolution in 1972.
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Slavic languages
The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) are the Indo-European languages spoken by the Slavic peoples.
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Slovenia
Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene:, abbr.: RS), is a country in southern Central Europe, located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes.
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Social alienation
Social alienation is "a condition in social relationships reflected by a low degree of integration or common values and a high degree of distance or isolation between individuals, or between an individual and a group of people in a community or work environment".
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Social criticism
The term social criticism often refers to a mode of criticism that locates the reasons for malicious conditions in a society considered to be in a flawed social structure.
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Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia or SFRY) was a socialist state led by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars.
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Socialist realism
Socialist realism is a style of idealized realistic art that was developed in the Soviet Union and was imposed as the official style in that country between 1932 and 1988, as well as in other socialist countries after World War II.
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Socialist Republic of Romania
The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) refers to Romania under Marxist-Leninist one-party Communist rule that existed officially from 1947 to 1989.
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Song of Myself
"Song of Myself" is a poem by Walt Whitman (1819-1892) that is included in his work Leaves of Grass.
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Sonia Delaunay
Sonia Delaunay (November 14, 1885 – December 5, 1979) was a Ukrainian-born French artist, who spent most of her working life in Paris and, with her husband Robert Delaunay and others, cofounded the Orphism art movement, noted for its use of strong colors and geometric shapes.
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Sophie Taeuber-Arp
Sophie Henriette Gertrude Taeuber-Arp (19 January 1889 – 13 January 1943) was a Swiss artist, painter, sculptor, textile designer, furniture and interior designer, architect and dancer.
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Sotheby's
Sotheby's is a British founded, American multinational corporation headquartered in New York City.
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Souillac, Lot
Souillac is a commune in the Lot department in south-western France, on the river Dordogne.
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Southern France
Southern France or the South of France, colloquially known as le Midi, is a defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin, Spain, the Mediterranean, and Italy.
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Southern Rhodesia
The Colony of Southern Rhodesia was a self-governing British Crown colony in southern Africa from 1923 to 1980, the predecessor state of modern Zimbabwe.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.
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Stalinism
Stalinism is the means of governing and related policies implemented from the 1920s to 1953 by Joseph Stalin (1878–1953).
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Stanford University Press
The Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.
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Stilts
Stilts are poles, posts or pillars used to allow a person or structure to stand at a height above the ground.
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Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.
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Stratosphere
The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere.
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Subconscious
In psychology, the word subconscious is the part of consciousness that is not currently in focal awareness.
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Supreme War Council
The Supreme War Council was a central command that coordinate Allied military strategy during World War I. It was founded in 1917, and was based in Versailles.
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Surrealism
Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for its visual artworks and writings.
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Surrealist automatism
Surrealist automatism is a method of art-making in which the artist suppresses conscious control over the making process, allowing the unconscious mind to have great sway.
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Surrealist Manifesto
Three Surrealist Manifestos were issued during the Surrealist movement, in 1924 and 1929.
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Surrealist techniques
Surrealism in art, poetry, and literature uses numerous techniques and games to provide inspiration.
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Surrealist Women
Surrealist Women: An International Anthology was an anthology edited by Penelope Rosemont.
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Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Symbolism (arts)
Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century art movement of French, Russian and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts.
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Symbolist movement in Romania
The Symbolist movement in Romania, active during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marked the development of Romanian culture in both literature and visual arts.
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Syntax
In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, usually including word order.
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Temple University Press
Temple University Press is a university press founded in 1969 that is part of Temple University (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).
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Thames & Hudson
Thames & Hudson (also Thames and Hudson and sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books on art, architecture, design, and visual culture.
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Théâtre de l'Œuvre
The Théâtre de l'Œuvre is a Paris theatre, located atop cité Monthiers, at 55 rue de Clichy in the 9° arrondissement in Paris, France.
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The Aesthetics of Resistance
The Aesthetics of Resistance (Die Ästhetik des Widerstands, 1975-1981) is a three-volume novel by the German-born playwright, novelist, filmmaker, and painter Peter Weiss.
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The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas
The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas is a 1933 book by Gertrude Stein, written in the guise of an autobiography authored by Alice B. Toklas, her life partner.
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The Bald Soprano
La Cantatrice Chauve — translated from French as The Bald Soprano or The Bald Prima Donna — is the first play written by Romanian-French playwright Eugène Ionesco.
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The Gas Heart
The Gas Heart or The Gas-Operated HeartJohanna Drucker, The Visible Word: Experimental Typography and Modern Art, 1909–1923, University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London, 1994, p.223.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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The New York Times International Edition
The New York Times International Edition is an English-language newspaper printed at 38 sites throughout the world and sold in more than 160 countries and territories.
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The Observer
The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays.
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Theatre of the Absurd
The Theatre of the Absurd (théâtre de l'absurde) is a post–World War II designation for particular plays of absurdist fiction written by a number of primarily European playwrights in the late 1950s, as well as one for the style of theatre which has evolved from their work.
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Theo van Doesburg
Theo van Doesburg (30 August 1883 – 7 March 1931) was a Dutch artist, who practiced painting, writing, poetry and architecture.
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Third Czechoslovak Republic
During World War II, Czechoslovakia disappeared from the map of Europe.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Tom Hewitt (actor)
Tom Hewitt (born c. 1957) is an American actor and Broadway stage performer, and a native of Victor, Montana.
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Tom Stoppard
Sir Tom Stoppard (born Tomáš Straussler; 3 July 1937) is a Czech-born British playwright and screenwriter.
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Totalitarianism
Benito Mussolini Totalitarianism is a political concept where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to control every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible.
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Toulouse
Toulouse (Tolosa, Tolosa) is the capital of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the region of Occitanie.
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Tragicomedy
Tragicomedy is a literary genre that blends aspects of both tragic and comic forms.
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Transition (literary journal)
transition was an experimental literary journal that featured surrealist, expressionist, and Dada art and artists.
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Travesties
Travesties is a 1974 play by Tom Stoppard.
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Trip hop
Trip hop (sometimes used synonymously with "downtempo") is a musical genre that originated in the early 1990s in the United Kingdom, especially Bristol.
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Tristan Corbière
Tristan Corbière (18 July 1845 – 1 March 1875), born Édouard-Joachim Corbière, was a French poet born in Coat-Congar, Ploujean (now part of Morlaix) in Brittany, where he lived most of his life before dying of tuberculosis at the age of 29.
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Tristan und Isolde
Tristan und Isolde (Tristan and Isolde, or Tristan and Isolda, or Tristran and Ysolt) is an opera, or music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner to a German libretto by the composer, based largely on the 12th-century romance Tristan by Gottfried von Strassburg.
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Triumphal arch
A triumphal arch is a monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road.
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Trotskyism
Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky.
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Tudor Arghezi
Tudor Arghezi (21 May 1880 – 14 July 1967) was a Romanian writer, best known for his quite unique contribution to poetry and children's literature.
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Turkey
Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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Tuzla, Constanța
Tuzla is a commune in Constanța County, Romania, including the village with the same name.
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UbuWeb
UbuWeb is a large web-based educational resource for avant-garde material available on the internet, founded in 1996 by poet Kenneth Goldsmith.
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Union of Communist Students
The Union of Communist Students (Union des étudiants communistes, UEC) is a French student political organization, part of the Mouvement Jeunes Communistes de France (MJCF, Young Communists Movement of France).
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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University of Bucharest
The University of Bucharest (Universitatea din București), commonly known after its abbreviation UB in Romania, is a public university founded in 1864 by decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Saint Sava Academy into the current University of Bucharest, making it the second oldest modern university in Romania.
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University of California Press
University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States.
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University of Chile
The University of Chile (Universidad de Chile) is a public university located in Santiago, Chile.
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University of Florence
The University of Florence (Italian: Università degli Studi di Firenze, UniFI) is an Italian public research university located in Florence, Italy.
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University of Illinois Press
The University of Illinois Press (UIP) is a major American university press and is part of the University of Illinois system.
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University of Michigan Press
The University of Michigan Press is part of Michigan Publishing at the University of Michigan Library.
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University of Minnesota Press
The University of Minnesota Press is a university press that is part of the University of Minnesota.
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University of Paris III: Sorbonne Nouvelle
The New Sorbonne University (French: Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle, also known as Paris III) is a public university in Paris, France.
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University of South Carolina Press
The University of South Carolina Press (or USC Press), founded in 1944, is a university press that is part of the University of South Carolina.
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University of Wisconsin Press
The University of Wisconsin Press (sometimes abbreviated as UW Press) is a non-profit university press publishing peer-reviewed books and journals.
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University of Zurich
The University of Zurich (UZH, Universität Zürich), located in the city of Zürich, is the largest university in Switzerland, with over 25,000 students.
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University Press of Florida
The University Press of Florida (UPF) is the scholarly publishing arm of the State University System of Florida, representing Florida's twelve state universities.
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Unu
unu (Romanian for "one"; lower case used on purpose) was the name of an avant-garde art and literary magazine, published in Romania from April 1928 to September 1935.
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Urmuz
Urmuz (pen name of Demetru Dem. Demetrescu-Buzău, also known as Hurmuz or Ciriviș, born Dimitrie Dim. Ionescu-Buzeu; March 17, 1883 – November 23, 1923) was a Romanian writer, lawyer and civil servant, who became a cult hero in Romania's avant-garde scene.
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Utopia
A utopia is an imagined community or society that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect qualities for its citizens.
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Utopian and dystopian fiction
The utopia and its opposite, the dystopia, are genres of speculative fiction that explore social and political structures.
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Valentine Hugo
Valentine Hugo (1887–1968) was a French artist.
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Valery Oisteanu
Valery Oisteanu (Valery Oișteanu;; born September 3, 1943) is a Soviet-born Romanian and American poet, art critic, essayist, photographer and performance artist, whose style reflects the influence of Dada and Surrealism.
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Varian Fry
Varian Mackey Fry (October 15, 1907 – September 13, 1967) was an American journalist.
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Variety show
Variety shows, also known as variety arts or variety entertainment, is entertainment made up of a variety of acts including musical performances, sketch comedy, magic, acrobatics, juggling, and ventriloquism.
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Vaslui County
Vaslui is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Moldavia, with the seat at Vaslui.
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Vaudeville
Vaudeville is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment.
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Versuri și Proză
Versuri și Proză was a Romanian literary and art magazine edited by Alfred Hefter-Hidalgo and I. M. Rașcu, published in Iași from 1912 to 1916.
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Vicente Huidobro
Vicente García-Huidobro Fernández (January 10, 1893 – January 2, 1948) was a Chilean poet born to an aristocratic family.
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Vichy France
Vichy France (Régime de Vichy) is the common name of the French State (État français) headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.
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Victor Brauner
Victor Brauner (also spelled Viktor Brauner; 15 June 1903 – 12 March 1966) was a French Romanian sculptor and painter of surrealistic images.
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Victor Serge
Victor Serge, born Victor Lvovich Kibalchich (Ви́ктор Льво́вич Киба́льчич; December 30, 1890 – November 17, 1947), was a Russian revolutionary and writer.
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Vienna Secession
The Vienna Secession (Wiener Secession; also known as the Union of Austrian Artists, or Vereinigung Bildender Künstler Österreichs) was an art movement formed in 1897 by a group of Austrian artists who had resigned from the Association of Austrian Artists, housed in the Vienna Künstlerhaus.
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Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by the alias Lenin (22 April 1870According to the new style calendar (modern Gregorian), Lenin was born on 22 April 1870. According to the old style (Old Julian) calendar used in the Russian Empire at the time, it was 10 April 1870. Russia converted from the old to the new style calendar in 1918, under Lenin's administration. – 21 January 1924), was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist.
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Voluntarism (philosophy)
Voluntarism is "any metaphysical or psychological system that assigns to the will (Latin: voluntas) a more predominant role than that attributed to the intellect", or, equivalently, "the doctrine that will is the basic factor, both in the universe and in human conduct".
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Waiting for Godot
Waiting for Godot is a play by Samuel Beckett, in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), wait for the arrival of someone named Godot who never arrives, and while waiting they engage in a variety of discussions and encounter three other characters.
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Walt Whitman
Walter "Walt" Whitman (May 31, 1819 – March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, and journalist.
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Walter de Gruyter
Walter de Gruyter GmbH (or; brand name: De Gruyter) is a scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.
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Walter Mehring
Walter Mehring (29 April 1896 – 3 October 1981) was a German author and one of the most prominent satirical authors in the Weimar Republic.
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Walter Serner
Walter Serner (15 January 1889 – August 1942) was a German-language writer and essayist.
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Wandering Jew
The Wandering Jew is a mythical immortal man whose legend began to spread in Europe in the 13th century.
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Weimar
Weimar (Vimaria or Vinaria) is a city in the federal state of Thuringia, Germany.
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Wesleyan University Press
Wesleyan University Press is a university press that is part of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut.
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West Africa
West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.
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Western esotericism
Western esotericism (also called esotericism and esoterism), also known as the Western mystery tradition, is a term under which scholars have categorised a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements which have developed within Western society.
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Western Europe
Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.
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Western Moldavia
Western Moldavia (Moldova), also called Moldavia or Romanian Moldavia, is the historic and geographical part of the former Principality of Moldavia situated in eastern and north-eastern Romania.
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Wieland Herzfelde
Wieland Herzfelde (11 April 1896, Weggis – 23 November 1988) was a German publisher and writer.
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Wifredo Lam
Wifredo Óscar de la Concepción Lam y Castilla (December 8, 1902 – September 11, 1982), better known as Wifredo Lam, was a Cuban artist who sought to portray and revive the enduring Afro-Cuban spirit and culture.
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Wilfrid Laurier University Press
Wilfrid Laurier University Press, based in Waterloo, Ontario, is a publisher of scholarly writing and is part of Wilfrid Laurier University.
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Wilhelm Reich
Wilhelm Reich (24 March 1897 – 3 November 1957) was an Austrian doctor of medicine and psychoanalyst, a member of the second generation of analysts after Sigmund Freud.
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William S. Burroughs
William Seward Burroughs II (February 5, 1914 – August 2, 1997) was an American writer and visual artist.
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William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised)—23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language, and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.
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William Tell
William Tell (in the four languages of Switzerland: Wilhelm Tell; Guillaume Tell; Guglielmo Tell; Guglielm Tell) is a folk hero of Switzerland.
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Working class
The working class (also labouring class) are the people employed for wages, especially in manual-labour occupations and industrial work.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Yiddish
Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish/idish, "Jewish",; in older sources ייִדיש-טײַטש Yidish-Taitsh, Judaeo-German) is the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews.
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Yiddish literature
Yiddish literature encompasses all those belles-lettres written in Yiddish, the language of Ashkenazic Jewry which is related to Middle High German.
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Yodeling
Yodeling (also jodeling) is a form of singing which involves repeated and rapid changes of pitch between the low-pitch chest register (or "chest voice") and the high-pitch head register or falsetto.
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Zünfte of Zürich
There are fourteen historical Zünfte (guilds, singular Zunft) of Zürich, under the system established in 1336 with the "guild revolution" of Rudolf Brun.
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Zürich
Zürich or Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich.
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Zen
Zen (p; translit) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty as Chan Buddhism.
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Ziarul Financiar
Ziarul Financiar is a daily financial newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania.
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Zigu Ornea
Zigu Ornea (born Zigu Orenstein Andrei Vasilescu,, in, Vol. II, Nr. 1, January–June 2008, p.85 or OrnsteinGeorge Ardeleanu,, in Observator Cultural, Nr. 363, March 2007 and commonly known as Z. Ornea; August 28, 1930 – November 14, 2001) was a Romanian cultural historian, literary critic, biographer and book publisher.
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391 (magazine)
391 was an arts and literary magazine created by Francis Picabia, published between 1917 and 1924 in Barcelona, Zurich and New York City.
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Redirects here:
S. Samyro, Sami Rosenstock, Samuel Rosenstock, Samuel Rozinstoch, Samueli Rozinstoch, Samy Rosenstock, Samyro, Tristan Ruia, Tristan Tara, Tristan Ţara, Tristan Țara, Tzara, Tzara, Tristan.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_Tzara
