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270 relations: Acer saccharinum, Aerial photography, Agrochemical, Algae, Alligator, Amazon basin, Amazon River, Amphibian, Anaerobic respiration, Animal migration, Antarctica, Aquaculture, Aquatic ecosystem, Aquatic plant, Aquifer, Arabian Peninsula, Arundo donax, Atmosphere, Atmospheric pressure, Australia, Avicennia, Baltic Sea, Beaver, Bhitarkanika Mangroves, Biebrza, Biodiversity, Biodiversity loss, Biogeochemistry, Biome, Biosphere, Bird migration, BirdLife International, Blue carbon, Body of water, Bog, Brackish water, Calcium, Carbon, Carbon dioxide, Carbon sink, Carr (landform), Cellular respiration, Chara (alga), Chesapeake Bay, Chromatography, Clean Water Act, Climate change, Climate change mitigation, Common snapping turtle, Concentration, ..., Coniferous swamp, Conservation movement, Constructed wetland, Converted wetland, Copper, Coral reef, Cottocomephoridae, Cowardin classification system, Coypu, Crocodile, Crustacean, Cycas revoluta, Cyperus papyrus, Dam, Dambo, Danube, Denitrification, Denitrifying bacteria, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Disturbance (ecology), Drinking water, Drought, East Kolkata Wetlands, Ecological succession, Ecoregion, Ecosystem, Ecosystem health, Ecosystem services, Ecotone, Ecotourism, Eichhornia crassipes, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Endangered species, Endemism, Environmental degradation, Ephemerality, Estuary, Eutrophication, Evapotranspiration, Everglades, Exogeny, Fen, Fertilizer, Fish, Flatworm, Flood, Flood control, Flooded grasslands and savannas, Floodplain, Florida panther, Fluid dynamics, Fossil fuel, Fresh water, Freshwater swamp forest, Frog, Geographic information system, Great Barrier Reef, Great Lakes, Greenhouse gas, Groundwater, Groundwater recharge, Groundwater-dependent ecosystems, Gulf of Mexico, Hard water, Herbivore, Hong Kong, Human impact on the environment, Hurricane Katrina, Hydraulic engineering, Hydric soil, Hydrology, Indonesia, Industrial wastewater treatment, Insect, International Union for Conservation of Nature, International Water Management Institute, Invertebrate, Ireland, Iron, Irrigation, Isla Magueyes, Island, Kalimantan, Karst, Kolkata, Lake, Lake Baikal, Landform, Lemnoideae, Levee, Levee breach, Limestone, Lizard, Magnesium, Mammal, Mangrove, Marine biology, Marsh, Maryland, Massachusetts, Microbiota, Microscopic scale, Millennium Development Goals, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Minerotrophic, Mining, Mire, Mississippi River, Monotreme, Mudflat, Munsell color system, Murray–Darling basin, Muthupet, Nematode, New England, New Scientist, New York (state), Nile, Nitella, Nitrification, Nitrogen, Nitrous oxide, North American Waterfowl Management Plan, Nypa fruticans, Outburst flood, Oxygen, Oyster, Ozone layer, Paludification, Palustrine wetland, Pantanal, Peat, Peat swamp forest, Peltandra virginica, Perennial plant, Permeability (earth sciences), PH, Phosphorus, Phragmites, Pichavaram, Plankton, Plant, Platypus, Pocosin, Porosity, Precipitation, Primary production, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Rain, Ramsar Convention, Real estate development, Redox, Reptile, Restoration ecology, Rhizophora mangle, Riparian zone, River, River source, Saline water, Salinity, Salt marsh, Scotland, Seagrass, Season, Seawater, Sediment, Seed bank, Sewage treatment, Shenzhen, Shrimp farming, Siberia, Siltation, Slough (hydrology), Snake, Solutional cave, Southeast Asia, Storm surge, Stormwater, Subsoil, Sulfate, Sulfur, Sumatra, Surface runoff, Surface water, Sustainable development, Swamp, Swamp rabbit, Taxodium, Temperate climate, Temperature, Terrain, Tide, Topography, Treaty, Tropics, Turtle, Typha, United States Code, Vallisneria, Várzea forest, Vegetation, Vernal pool, Wales, Wastewater, Water, Water fern, Water level, Water pollution, Water purification, Water quality, Water scarcity, Water table, Water-sensitive urban design, Weir, West Siberian Plain, Wetland methane emissions, Wetlands International, World Wide Fund for Nature, Yangtze. Expand index (220 more) »
Acer saccharinum
Acer saccharinum, commonly known as silver maple, creek maple, silverleaf maple, soft maple, large maple, water maple, swamp maple, or white maple—is a species of maple native to eastern and central North America in the eastern United States and Canada.
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Aerial photography
Aerial photography (or airborne imagery) is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flying object.
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Agrochemical
An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in agriculture.
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Algae
Algae (singular alga) is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.
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Alligator
An alligator is a crocodilian in the genus Alligator of the family Alligatoridae.
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Amazon basin
The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries.
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Amazon River
The Amazon River (or; Spanish and Amazonas) in South America is the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world, and either the longest or second longest.
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Amphibian
Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.
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Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2).
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Animal migration
Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individual animals, usually on a seasonal basis.
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Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.
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Aquaculture
Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other organisms.
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Aquatic ecosystem
An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in a body of water.
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Aquatic plant
Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater).
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Aquifer
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt).
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Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula, simplified Arabia (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, ‘Arabian island’ or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب, ‘Island of the Arabs’), is a peninsula of Western Asia situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian plate.
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Arundo donax
Arundo donax, giant cane, is a tall perennial cane, is one of several so-called reed species.
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Atmosphere
An atmosphere is a layer or a set of layers of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body.
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Atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet).
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Avicennia
Avicennia is a genus of flowering plants currently placed in the bear's breeches family, Acanthaceae.
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Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland, Germany and the North and Central European Plain.
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Beaver
The beaver (genus Castor) is a large, primarily nocturnal, semiaquatic rodent.
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Bhitarkanika Mangroves
The Bhitarkanika Mangroves are a mangrove wetland in Odisha.The Bhitarkanika Mangroves cover an area of 650 km2 in the river delta of the Brahmani and Baitarani rivers.
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Biebrza
Biebrza (Bebras, Bobra) is a river in north-eastern Poland, a tributary of the Narew river (near Wizna), with a length of 164 kilometres and a basin area of 7,092 km2 (7,067 in Poland).
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.
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Biodiversity loss
Loss of biodiversity or biodiversity loss is the extinction of species (human, plant or animal) worldwide, and also the local reduction or loss of species in a certain habitat.
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Biogeochemistry
Biogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment (including the biosphere, the cryosphere, the hydrosphere, the pedosphere, the atmosphere, and the lithosphere).
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Biome
A biome is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in.
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Biosphere
The biosphere (from Greek βίος bíos "life" and σφαῖρα sphaira "sphere") also known as the ecosphere (from Greek οἶκος oîkos "environment" and σφαῖρα), is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems.
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Bird migration
Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds.
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BirdLife International
BirdLife International (formerly the International Council for Bird Preservation) is a global partnership of conservation organisations that strives to conserve birds, their habitats, and global biodiversity, working with people towards sustainability in the use of natural resources.
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Blue carbon
Blue carbon is the carbon captured by the world's oceans and coastal ecosystems.
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Body of water
A body of water or waterbody (often spelled water body) is any significant accumulation of water, generally on a planet's surface.
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Bog
A bog is a wetland that accumulates peat, a deposit of dead plant material—often mosses, and in a majority of cases, sphagnum moss.
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Brackish water
Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Carbon
Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Carbon sink
A carbon sink is a natural or artificial reservoir that accumulates and stores some carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period.
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Carr (landform)
A carr is a type of waterlogged wooded terrain that, typically, represents a succession stage between the original reedy swamp and the likely eventual formation of forest in a sub-maritime climate.
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Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
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Chara (alga)
Chara is a genus of charophyte green algae in the family Characeae.
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Chesapeake Bay
The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary in the U.S. states of Maryland and Virginia.
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Chromatography
Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture.
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Clean Water Act
The Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution.
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Climate change
Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time (i.e., decades to millions of years).
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Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change.
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Common snapping turtle
The common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) is a large freshwater turtle of the family Chelydridae.
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Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
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Coniferous swamp
Coniferous swamps are forested wetlands in which the dominant trees are lowland conifers such as northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis).
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Conservation movement
The conservation movement, also known as nature conservation, is a political, environmental, and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including animal and plant species as well as their habitat for the future.
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Constructed wetland
A constructed wetland (CW) is an artificial wetland to treat municipal or industrial wastewater, greywater or stormwater runoff.
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Converted wetland
Under the swampbuster program, converted wetlands are wetlands that were drained or altered to improve agricultural production after December 23, 1985, the date swampbuster was enacted.
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Copper
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.
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Coral reef
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals.
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Cottocomephoridae
Cottocomephoridae, or the bighead sculpins or Baikal sculpins, are a family of scorpaeniform fishes mostly endemic to Russia (one species ranges into Mongolia) where they are mostly found in Lake Baikal and surrounding lakes and rivers.
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Cowardin classification system
The Cowardin classification system is a system for classifying wetlands, devised by Lewis M. Cowardin et al. in 1979 for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
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Coypu
The coypu (Myocastor coypus), also known as the nutria, is a large, herbivorous, semiaquatic rodent.
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Crocodile
Crocodiles (subfamily Crocodylinae) or true crocodiles are large aquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia.
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Crustacean
Crustaceans (Crustacea) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles.
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Cycas revoluta
Cycas revoluta (Sotetsu, sago palm, king sago, sago cycad, Japanese sago palm), is a species of gymnosperm in the family Cycadaceae, native to southern Japan including the Ryukyu Islands.
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Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus (papyrus,papyrus sedge, paper reed, Indian matting plant, Nile grass) is a species of aquatic flowering plant belonging to the sedge family Cyperaceae.
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Dam
A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams.
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Dambo
Dambo is a word used for a class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia and Zimbabwe.
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Danube
The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.
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Denitrification
Denitrification is a microbially facilitated process where nitrate is reduced and ultimately produces molecular nitrogen (N2) through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products.
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Denitrifying bacteria
Denitrifying bacteria are a diverse group of bacteria that encompass many different phyla.
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Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH or GIZ in short (English: German Corporation for International Cooperation GmbH) is a German development agency headquartered in Bonn and Eschborn that provides services in the field of international development cooperation.
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Disturbance (ecology)
In biology, a disturbance is a temporary change in environmental conditions that causes a pronounced change in an ecosystem.
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Drinking water
Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to drink or to use for food preparation.
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Drought
A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water.
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East Kolkata Wetlands
The East Calcutta Wetlands, also known as the East Kolkata Wetlands (22 0 27’ N 88 0 27’ E), are a complex of natural and human-made wetlands lying east of the city of Calcutta (Kolkata), of West Bengal in India.
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Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
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Ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than an ecozone.
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Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil.
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Ecosystem health
Ecosystem health is a metaphor used to describe the condition of an ecosystem.
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Ecosystem services
Ecosystem services are the many and varied benefits that humans freely gain from the natural environment and from properly-functioning ecosystems.
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Ecotone
An ecotone is a transition area between two biomes.
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Ecotourism
Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism.
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Eichhornia crassipes
Eichhornia crassipes, commonly known as common water hyacinth, is an aquatic plant native to the Amazon basin, and is often a highly problematic invasive species outside its native range.
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Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.
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Endangered species
An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct.
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Endemism
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.
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Environmental degradation
Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution.
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Ephemerality
Ephemerality (from Greek εφήμερος – ephemeros, literally "lasting only one day") is the concept of things being transitory, existing only briefly.
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Estuary
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
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Eutrophication
Eutrophication (from Greek eutrophos, "well-nourished"), or hypertrophication, is when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients that induce excessive growth of plants and algae.
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Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration (ET) is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere.
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Everglades
The Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large drainage basin and part of the neotropic ecozone.
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Exogeny
In a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity is the fact of an action or object originating externally.
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Fen
A fen is one of the main types of wetland, the others being grassy marshes, forested swamps, and peaty bogs.
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Fertilizer
A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
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Fish
Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.
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Flatworm
The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning "worm") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates.
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Flood
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.
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Flood control
Flood control methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters.
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Flooded grasslands and savannas
Flooded grasslands and savannas is a terrestrial biome of the WWF biogeographical system.
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Floodplain
A floodplain or flood plain is an area of land adjacent to a stream or river which stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls, and which experiences flooding during periods of high discharge.
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Florida panther
The Florida panther is an endangered population of the cougar (Puma concolor) that lives in pinelands, hardwood hammocks, and mixed swamp forests of South Florida in the United States.
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Fluid dynamics
In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids - liquids and gases.
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Fossil fuel
A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.
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Fresh water
Fresh water (or freshwater) is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water.
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Freshwater swamp forest
Freshwater swamp forests, or flooded forests, are forests which are inundated with freshwater, either permanently or seasonally.
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Frog
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek ἀν-, without + οὐρά, tail).
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Geographic information system
A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.
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Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over over an area of approximately.
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Great Lakes
The Great Lakes (les Grands-Lacs), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada–United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River.
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Greenhouse gas
A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.
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Groundwater
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
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Groundwater recharge
Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater.
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Groundwater-dependent ecosystems
Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems (or GDEs) are ecosystems that rely upon groundwater for their continued existence.
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Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.
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Hard water
Hard water is water that has high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water").
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Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.
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Human impact on the environment
Human impact on the environment or anthropogenic impact on the environment includes changes to biophysical environments and ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans, including global warming, environmental degradation (such as ocean acidification), mass extinction and biodiversity loss, ecological crises, and ecological collapse.
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Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina was an extremely destructive and deadly Category 5 hurricane that caused catastrophic damage along the Gulf coast from central Florida to Texas, much of it due to the storm surge and levee failure.
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Hydraulic engineering
Hydraulic engineering as a sub-discipline of civil engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage.
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Hydric soil
Hydric soil is soil which is permanently or seasonally saturated by water, resulting in anaerobic conditions, as found in wetlands.
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Hydrology
Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.
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Industrial wastewater treatment
Industrial wastewater treatment describes the processes used for treating wastewater that is produced by industries as an undesirable by-product.
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Insect
Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.
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International Union for Conservation of Nature
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
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International Water Management Institute
The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) is a non-profit research organisation with headquarters in Colombo, Sri Lanka, and offices across Africa and Asia.
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Invertebrate
Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord.
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Ireland
Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.
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Iron
Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.
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Irrigation
Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals.
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Isla Magueyes
Isla Magueyes (Isle of Maguey) is a island from the southwest coast of the island of Puerto Rico.
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Island
An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water.
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Kalimantan
Kalimantan is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo.
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Karst
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum.
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Kolkata
Kolkata (also known as Calcutta, the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.
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Lake
A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake.
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Lake Baikal
Lake Baikal (p; Байгал нуур, Baigal nuur; Байгал нуур, Baigal nuur, etymologically meaning, in Mongolian, "the Nature Lake") is a rift lake in Russia, located in southern Siberia, between Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Buryat Republic to the southeast.
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Landform
A landform is a natural feature of the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body.
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Lemnoideae
Duckweed, or water lens, are flowering aquatic plants which float on or just beneath the surface of still or slow-moving bodies of fresh water and wetlands.
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Levee
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Levee breach
A levee breach or levee failure (the word dike or dyke can also be used instead of levee) is a situation where a levee fails or is intentionally breached, causing the previously contained water to flood the land behind the levee.
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Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.
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Lizard
Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.
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Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Mangrove
A mangrove is a shrub or small tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water.
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Marine biology
Marine biology is the scientific study of marine life, organisms in the sea.
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Marsh
A marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species.
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Maryland
Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts, officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Microbiota
A microbiota is an "ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms" found in and on all multicellular organisms studied to date from plants to animals.
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Microscopic scale
The microscopic scale (from, mikrós, "small" and σκοπέω, skopéō "look") is the scale of objects and events smaller than those that can easily be seen by the naked eye, requiring a lens or microscope to see them clearly.
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Millennium Development Goals
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were the eight international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.
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Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) is a major assessment of the human impact on the environment, called for by the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 2000, launched in 2001 and published in 2005 with more than $14 million of grants.
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Minerotrophic
Minerotrophic soils and vegetation receive their water supply mainly from streams or springs.
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Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.
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Mire
A mire is a wetland type, dominated by living, peat-forming plants.
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Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.
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Monotreme
Monotremes are one of the three main groups of living mammals, along with placentals (Eutheria) and marsupials (Metatheria).
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Mudflat
Mudflats or mud flats, also known as tidal flats, are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by tides or rivers.
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Munsell color system
In colorimetry, the Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (lightness), and chroma (color purity).
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Murray–Darling basin
The Murray–Darling basin is a large geographical area in the interior of southeastern Australia.
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Muthupet
Muthupet is a panchayat town in Thiruvarur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.Muthupet is also known as Pearlpet.
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Nematode
The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes).
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New England
New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut.
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New Scientist
New Scientist, first published on 22 November 1956, is a weekly, English-language magazine that covers all aspects of science and technology.
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New York (state)
New York is a state in the northeastern United States.
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Nile
The Nile River (النيل, Egyptian Arabic en-Nīl, Standard Arabic an-Nīl; ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ, P(h)iaro; Ancient Egyptian: Ḥ'pī and Jtrw; Biblical Hebrew:, Ha-Ye'or or, Ha-Shiḥor) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest.
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Nitella
Nitella is a genus of charophyte green algae in the family Characeae.
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Nitrification
Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate.
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Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.
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Nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.
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North American Waterfowl Management Plan
The North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) is an international plan to conserve waterfowl and migratory birds in North America.
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Nypa fruticans
Nypa fruticans, commonly known as the nipa palm (or simply nipa) or mangrove palm, is a species of palm native to the coastlines and estuarine habitats of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
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Outburst flood
In geomorphology, an outburst flood, which is a type of megaflood, is a high-magnitude, low-frequency catastrophic flood involving the sudden release of water.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Oyster
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats.
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Ozone layer
The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation.
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Paludification
Paludification is the most common process by which peatlands in the boreal zone are formed.
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Palustrine wetland
Palustrine wetlands include any inland wetland that lacks flowing water, contains ocean-derived salts in concentrations of less than 0.5 parts per thousand, and is non-tidal.
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Pantanal
The Pantanal is a natural region encompassing the world's largest tropical wetland area.
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Peat
Peat, also called turf, is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter that is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, moors, or muskegs.
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Peat swamp forest
Peat swamp forests are tropical moist forests where waterlogged soil prevents dead leaves and wood from fully decomposing.
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Peltandra virginica
Peltandra virginica is a plant of the Araceae family known by the common names green arrow arum and tuckahoe.
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Perennial plant
A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years.
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Permeability (earth sciences)
Permeability in fluid mechanics and the earth sciences (commonly symbolized as κ, or k) is a measure of the ability of a porous material (often, a rock or an unconsolidated material) to allow fluids to pass through it.
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PH
In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
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Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.
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Phragmites
Phragmites is a genus of four species of large perennial grasses found in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world.
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Pichavaram
Pichavaram is a village near Chidambaram in Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Plankton
Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current.
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Plant
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
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Platypus
The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania.
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Pocosin
Pocosin is a type of palustrine wetland with deep, acidic, sandy, peat soils.
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Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.
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Precipitation
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity.
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Primary production
Global oceanic and terrestrial photoautotroph abundance, from September 1997 to August 2000. As an estimate of autotroph biomass, it is only a rough indicator of primary-production potential, and not an actual estimate of it. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE. In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide.
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Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (Spanish for "Rich Port"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.
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Queensland
Queensland (abbreviated as Qld) is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia.
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Rain
Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then becomes heavy enough to fall under gravity.
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Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
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Real estate development
Real estate development, or property development, is a business process, encompassing activities that range from the renovation and re-lease of existing buildings to the purchase of raw land and the sale of developed land or parcels to others.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Reptile
Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.
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Restoration ecology
Restoration ecology is the scientific study supporting the practice of ecological restoration, which is the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action.
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Rhizophora mangle
Rhizophora mangle, known as the red mangrove, is distributed in estuarine ecosystems throughout the tropics.
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Riparian zone
A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream.
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River
A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river.
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River source
The source or headwaters of a river or stream is the furthest place in that river or stream from its estuary or confluence with another river, as measured along the course of the river.
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Saline water
Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly NaCl).
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Salinity
Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water (see also soil salinity).
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Salt marsh
A salt marsh or saltmarsh, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Seagrass
Seagrasses are flowering plants (angiosperms) belonging to four families (Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae and Cymodoceaceae), all in the order Alismatales (in the class of monocotyledons), which grow in marine, fully saline environments.
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Season
A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and amount of daylight.
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Seawater
Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean.
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Sediment
Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.
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Seed bank
Seeds are living creatures and keeping them viable over the long term requires adjusting storage moisture and temperature appropriately.
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Sewage treatment
Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage.
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Shenzhen
Shenzhen is a major city in Guangdong Province, China.
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Shrimp farming
Shrimp farming is an aquaculture business that exists in either a marine or freshwater environment, producing shrimp or prawns (crustaceans of the groups Caridea or Dendrobranchiata) for human consumption.
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Siberia
Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.
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Siltation
Siltation or siltification is the pollution of water by particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay.
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Slough (hydrology)
A slough is a wetland, usually a swamp or shallow lake, often a backwater to a larger body of water.
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Snake
Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.
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Solutional cave
A solutional cave or karst cave is a cave usually formed in the soluble rock limestone.
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Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.
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Storm surge
A storm surge, storm flood or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low pressure weather systems (such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones), the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, as well as the timing of tides.
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Stormwater
Stormwater, also spelled storm water, is water that originates during precipitation events and snow/ice melt.
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Subsoil
Subsoil is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground.
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Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate (see spelling differences) ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.
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Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.
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Sumatra
Sumatra is an Indonesian island in Southeast Asia that is part of the Sunda Islands.
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Surface runoff
Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the Earth's surface.
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Surface water
Surface water is water on the surface of the planet such as in a river, lake, wetland, or ocean.
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Sustainable development
Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend.
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Swamp
A swamp is a wetland that is forested.
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Swamp rabbit
The swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus), or swamp hare, is a large cottontail rabbit found in the swamps and wetlands of the southern United States.
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Taxodium
Taxodium is a genus of one to three species (depending on taxonomic opinion) of extremely flood-tolerant conifers in the cypress family, Cupressaceae.
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Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate or tepid climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
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Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.
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Terrain
Terrain or relief (also topographical relief) involves the vertical and horizontal dimensions of land surface.
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Tide
Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of Earth.
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Topography
Topography is the study of the shape and features of the surface of the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including planets, moons, and asteroids.
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Treaty
A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations.
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Tropics
The tropics are a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator.
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Turtle
Turtles are diapsids of the order Testudines (or Chelonii) characterized by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs and acting as a shield.
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Typha
Typha is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Typhaceae.
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United States Code
The Code of Laws of the United States of America (variously abbreviated to Code of Laws of the United States, United States Code, U.S. Code, U.S.C., or USC) is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States.
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Vallisneria
Vallisneria (named in honor of Antonio Vallisneri) is a genus of freshwater aquatic plant, commonly called eelgrass, tape grass or vallis.
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Várzea forest
A várzea forest is a seasonal floodplain forest inundated by whitewater rivers that occurs in the Amazon biome.
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Vegetation
Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide.
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Vernal pool
Vernal pools, also called vernal ponds or ephemeral pools, are temporary pools of water that provide habitat for distinctive plants and animals.
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Wales
Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.
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Wastewater
Wastewater (or waste water) is any water that has been affected by human use.
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Water
Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.
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Water fern
Water fern is a common name for several plants and may refer to.
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Water level
Water level or gauge height or stage is the elevation of the free surface of a stream, lake or reservoir relative to a specified vertical datum.
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Water pollution
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities.
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Water purification
Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from water.
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Water quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, biological, and radiological characteristics of water.
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Water scarcity
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet water demand.
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Water table
The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation.
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Water-sensitive urban design
Water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) is a land planning and engineering design approach which integrates the urban water cycle, including stormwater, groundwater and wastewater management and water supply, into urban design to minimise environmental degradation and improve aesthetic and recreational appeal.
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Weir
A weir or low head dam is a barrier across the horizontal width of a river that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the river level.
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West Siberian Plain
The West Siberian Plain, also known as Zapadno-sibirskaya Ravnina, (За́падно-Сиби́рская равни́на) is a large plain that occupies the western portion of Siberia, between the Ural Mountains in the west and the Yenisei River in the east, and by the Altay Mountains on the southeast.
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Wetland methane emissions
Contributing around 164 Tg of methane to atmospheric methane annually alone; wetlands are the biggest contributing factor of atmospheric methane in the world, wetlands remain a major area of concern with respect to climate change.
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Wetlands International
Wetlands International is a global organisation that works to sustain and restore wetlands and their resources for people and biodiversity.
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World Wide Fund for Nature
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961, working in the field of the wilderness preservation, and the reduction of human impact on the environment.
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Yangtze
The Yangtze, which is 6,380 km (3,964 miles) long, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world.
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Climate change and wetlands, Coastal wetland, Humid area, Paludology, Restoration of wetlands, Threats to wetlands, Wet grassland, Wetland Biome, Wetland habitat, Wetland restoration, Wetlands, Wetlands Biome, Wetlands Ecology, Wetlands Mapping, Wetlands and climate change.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland
