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168 relations: Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver, Algirdas, Andrei of Polotsk, Andrzej Jastrzębiec, Anna Jagiellon, Anna of Cilli, Švitrigaila, Balts, Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Kulikovo, Battle of the Vorskla River, Bishop of Vilnius, Bobrowniki, Bodzanta, Bolesław the Pious, Boyar, Bydgoszcz, Casimir III the Great, Casimir IV Jagiellon, Catholic Church, Chełmno Land, Christendom, Christianization of Lithuania, Council of Constance, Crusades, Czerwińsk nad Wisłą, Defensive alliance, Demetrius I Starshy, Dmitry Donskoy, Dobrzyń Land, Dobrzyń nad Wisłą, Dubysa, Duchy of Trakai, Early modern period, Eastern Orthodox Church, Elizabeth Granowska, Elizabeth of Bosnia, Elizabeth of Hungary, Gediminas, Gediminids, Gniezno, Golden Horde, Gollub War, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Grand Duchy of Moscow, Greater Poland, Halych, Hedwig Jagiellon (1408–1431), Heinrich von Plauen, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, ..., History of Lithuania, History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty, Holy Roman Empire, Horodok, Lviv Oblast, Hunger War, Hussites, Jadwiga of Poland, Jagiellonian dynasty, Jewna, John Meyendorff, Kórnik Library, Königsberg, Kęstutis, Kievan Rus', King Jagiello Monument, Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Klaipėda, Konrad von Jungingen, Konrad von Wallenrode, Kraków, Kreva Castle, Ladislaus I of Hungary, Latinisation of names, Lesser Poland, List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Kiev, List of Polish monarchs, List of rulers of Belarus, List of rulers of Lithuania, Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84), Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92), Lithuanian mythology, Lithuanian nobility, Lithuanians, Louis I of Hungary, Magdeburg rights, Malbork, Malbork Castle, Mamai, Mazovia, Middle Ages, Mikołaj Trąba, Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło, Navahrudak Castle, Neman, Nieszawa, Nowy Korczyn, Oborniki, Old Prussians, Ossolineum, Ostrów Agreement, Pact of Vilnius and Radom, Paganism, Palanga, Paweł Włodkowic, Płock, Peace of Raciąż, Peace of Thorn (1411), Personal union, Petru I of Moldavia, Podolia, Polish Golden Age, Polish–Lithuanian union, Polish–Teutonic War (1431–35), Pomerelia, Pontoon bridge, Przemyśl Land, Pskov, Queen regnant, Red Ruthenia, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vilnius, Ruthenia, Samogitia, Samogitian uprisings, Samuel Orgelbrand, Scorched earth, Sigismund Kęstutaitis, Sigismund Korybut, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Silesia, Skirgaila, Sophia of Halshany, Szlachta, Tatars, Teutonic Order, Timurid dynasty, Tokhtamysh, Trakai, Transylvania, Treaty of Dovydiškės, Treaty of Dubysa, Treaty of Melno, Treaty of Salynas, Uliana of Tver, Uliana Olshanska, Ulrich von Jungingen, Union of Horodło, Union of Krewo, Union of Lublin, Veliky Novgorod, Vilnius, Vistula, Volhynia, Vytautas, Wawel Cathedral, Władysław I the Elbow-high, Władysław III of Poland, Władysław Opolski, Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia, William, Duke of Austria, Wings of the Golden Horde, Wkra, Wojciech Jastrzębiec, Wrocław, Yotvingians, Zawisza Czarny, Złotoryja, Zbigniew Oleśnicki (cardinal). Expand index (118 more) »
Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver
Grand Prince Alexander or Aleksandr Mikhailovich (Александр Михайлович Тверской; 7 October 1301 – 29 October 1339) was a Prince of Tver as Alexander I and Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal as Alexander II.
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Algirdas
Algirdas (Альгерд, Ольгерд, Olgierd; – May 1377) was a ruler of medieval Lithuania.
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Andrei of Polotsk
Andrei of Polotsk (Андрэй Альгердавіч, Andrius Algirdaitis, Andrzej Olgierdowic, ca. 1325 – 12 August 1399, in the Battle of the Vorskla River) was the eldest son of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his first wife Maria of Vitebsk.
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Andrzej Jastrzębiec
Andrzej Jastrzębiec, also known as Andrzej Wasilko or Andrzej Polak, (died 1398) was a Polish Catholic priest and diplomat, a first bishop of Seret and of Vilnius.
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Anna Jagiellon
Anna Jagiellon (Anna Jagiellonka, Ona Jogailaitė; 18 October 1523 – 12 November 1596) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania in her own right from 1575 to 1586.
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Anna of Cilli
Anna of Cilli or Anne of Celje (– 21 May 1416) was Queen consort of Poland (1402–1416).
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Švitrigaila
Švitrigaila (before 1370 – 10 February 1452) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1430 to 1432.
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Balts
The Balts or Baltic people (baltai, balti) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group who speak the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European language family, which was originally spoken by tribes living in the area east of Jutland peninsula in the west and in the Moscow, Oka and Volga rivers basins in the east.
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Battle of Grunwald
The Battle of Grunwald, First Battle of Tannenberg or Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War.
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Battle of Kulikovo
The Battle of Kulikovo (Мамаево побоище, Донское побоище, Куликовская битва, битва на Куликовом поле) was fought between the armies of the Golden Horde under the command of Mamai, and various Russian principalities under the united command of Prince Dmitry of Moscow.
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Battle of the Vorskla River
The Battle of the Vorskla River was a great battle in the medieval history of Eastern Europe.
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Bishop of Vilnius
Bishops of Vilnius (Vilna, Wilna, Wilno) diocese from 1388 and archdiocese (archdiocese of Vilnius) from 1925: Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
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Bobrowniki
Bobrowniki (Beweringen) is a village in Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
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Bodzanta
Bodzanta or Bodzęta of Kosowice (Bodzęta z Kosowic) (1320–1388) of Szeliga coat of arms was an archbishop of Gniezno (1382–1388), Polish noble, governor of Kraków–Sandomierz lands (1350, 1357–1370, 1372–1379, 1381).
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Bolesław the Pious
Bolesław the Pious (Bolesław Pobożny) (1224/27 – 14 April 1279) was a Duke of Greater Poland during 1239–1247 (according to some historians during 1239–1241 sole Duke of Ujście), Duke of Kalisz during 1247–1249, Duke of Gniezno during 1249–1250, Duke of Gniezno-Kalisz during 1253–1257, Duke of whole Greater Poland and Poznań during 1257–1273, in 1261 ruler over Ląd, regent of the Duchies of Mazovia, Płock and Czersk during 1262–1264, ruler over Bydgoszcz during 1268–1273, Duke of Inowrocław during 1271–1273, and Duke of Gniezno-Kalisz from 1273 until his death.
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Boyar
A boyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Bulgarian, Kievan, Moscovian, Wallachian and Moldavian and later, Romanian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes (in Bulgaria, tsars), from the 10th century to the 17th century.
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Bydgoszcz
Bydgoszcz (Bromberg; Bydgostia) is a city in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers.
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Casimir III the Great
Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370.
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Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV KG (Kazimierz IV Andrzej Jagiellończyk; Kazimieras Jogailaitis; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) of the Jagiellonian dynasty was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Chełmno Land
Chełmno land (ziemia chełmińska,, Old Prussian: Kulma, Kulmo žemė) is a historical region, located in central-northern Poland.
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Christendom
Christendom has several meanings.
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Christianization of Lithuania
The Christianization of Lithuania (Lietuvos krikštas) occurred in 1387, initiated by King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Władysław II Jagiełło and his cousin Vytautas the Great.
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Council of Constance
The Council of Constance is the 15th-century ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic Church, held from 1414 to 1418 in the Bishopric of Constance.
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
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Czerwińsk nad Wisłą
Czerwińsk nad Wisłą is a village in Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
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Defensive alliance
No description.
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Demetrius I Starshy
Dmitry I Starshy or Dmitry of Bryansk (Dmitrijus Algirdaitis, died on 12 August 1399 in the Battle of the Vorskla River) was the second eldest son of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his first wife Maria of Vitebsk.
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Dmitry Donskoy
Saint Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy (Дми́трий Ива́нович Донско́й, also known as Dimitrii or Demetrius), or Dmitry of the Don, sometimes referred to simply as Dmitry (12 October 1350 in Moscow – 19 May 1389 in Moscow), son of Ivan II the Fair of Moscow (1326–1359), reigned as the Prince of Moscow from 1359 and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1363 to his death.
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Dobrzyń Land
Dobrzyń Land (ziemia dobrzyńska) is a historic region, with the capital in the town of Dobrzyń nad Wisłą, in central-northern Poland, within the Greater Poland, between Mazovia and Prussia.
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Dobrzyń nad Wisłą
Dobrzyń nad Wisłą (Dobrin an der Weichsel) is a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland.
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Dubysa
Dubysa, at 131 km, is the 15th longest river solely in Lithuania.
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Duchy of Trakai
Duchy of Trakai was a subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the 14th and early 15th centuries.
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Early modern period
The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.
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Elizabeth Granowska
Elizabeth Granowska or Elisabeth Pilecki (Elżbieta Granowska z Pileckich / Elżbieta z Pilczy; – 12 May 1420 in Kraków) was Queen consort of Poland (1417–1420) as the third wife of Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland (reigning from 1386 to 1434).
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Elizabeth of Bosnia
Elizabeth of Bosnia (– January 1387) was queen consort and later regent of Hungary and Croatia, as well as queen consort of Poland.
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Elizabeth of Hungary
Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, T.O.S.F. (Heilige Elisabeth von Thüringen, Árpád-házi Szent Erzsébet; 7 July 1207 – 17 November 1231), also known as Saint Elizabeth of Thuringia or Saint Elisabeth of Thuringia, was a princess of the Kingdom of Hungary, Landgravine of Thuringia, Germany, and a greatly venerated Catholic saint who was an early member of the Third Order of St. Francis, by which she is honored as its patroness.
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Gediminas
Gediminas (– December 1341) was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316 until his death.
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Gediminids
The Gediminids (Gediminaičiai, Giedyminowicze, Гедзімінавічы, Гедиміновичі, Гедиминовичи) were a dynasty of monarchs in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that reigned from the 14th to the 16th century.
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Gniezno
Gniezno (Gnesen) is a city in central-western Poland, about east of Poznań, with about 70,000 inhabitants.
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Golden Horde
The Golden Horde (Алтан Орд, Altan Ord; Золотая Орда, Zolotaya Orda; Алтын Урда, Altın Urda) was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.
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Gollub War
The Gollub War was a two-month war of the Teutonic Knights against the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1422.
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Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that lasted from the 13th century up to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and Austria.
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Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy or Grand Principality of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское, Velikoye Knyazhestvo Moskovskoye), also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Moscovia, was a late medieval Russian principality centered on Moscow and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia.
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Greater Poland
Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (Großpolen; Latin: Polonia Maior), is a historical region of west-central Poland.
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Halych
Halych (Halyč; Halici; Halicz; Galič; Halytsch) is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine.
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Hedwig Jagiellon (1408–1431)
Hedwig Jagiellon (Jadvyga Jogailaitė, Jadwiga Jagiellonka; 8 April 1408, Kraków – 8 December 1431, Kraków) was a Polish and Lithuanian princess, and a member of the Jagiellon dynasty.
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Heinrich von Plauen
Heinrich von Plauen (the Elder) (ca. 1370–1429) was the 27th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from November 1410 to October 1413.
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Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry IV (Heinrich IV; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) became King of the Germans in 1056.
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History of Lithuania
The history of Lithuania dates back to settlements founded many thousands of years ago, but the first written record of the name for the country dates back to 1009 AD.
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History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty
The rule of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland between 1386 and 1572 spans the late Middle Ages and early Modern Era in European history.
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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Horodok, Lviv Oblast
Horodok (Городо́к, Gródek) is a city in Lviv Oblast (region) of Ukraine.
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Hunger War
The Hunger War or Famine War was a brief conflict between the allied Kingdom of Poland, and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, against the Teutonic Knights in summer 1414 in an attempt to resolve territorial disputes.
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Hussites
The Hussites (Husité or Kališníci; "Chalice People") were a pre-Protestant Christian movement that followed the teachings of Czech reformer Jan Hus, who became the best known representative of the Bohemian Reformation.
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Jadwiga of Poland
Jadwiga, also known as Hedwig (Hedvig; 1373/4 – 17 July 1399), was the first female monarch of the Kingdom of Poland, reigning from 16 October 1384 until her death.
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Jagiellonian dynasty
The Jagiellonian dynasty was a royal dynasty, founded by Jogaila (the Grand Duke of Lithuania, who in 1386 was baptized as Władysław, married Queen regnant (also styled "King") Jadwiga of Poland, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. The dynasty reigned in several Central European countries between the 14th and 16th centuries. Members of the dynasty were Kings of Poland (1386–1572), Grand Dukes of Lithuania (1377–1392 and 1440–1572), Kings of Hungary (1440–1444 and 1490–1526), and Kings of Bohemia (1471–1526). The personal union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (converted in 1569 with the Treaty of Lublin into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) is the reason for the common appellation "Poland–Lithuania" in discussions about the area from the Late Middle Ages onward. One Jagiellonian briefly ruled both Poland and Hungary (1440–44), and two others ruled both Bohemia and Hungary (1490–1526) and then continued in the distaff line as a branch of the House of Habsburg. The Polish "Golden Age", the period of the reigns of Sigismund I and Sigismund II, the last two Jagiellonian kings, or more generally the 16th century, is most often identified with the rise of the culture of Polish Renaissance. The cultural flowering had its material base in the prosperity of the elites, both the landed nobility and urban patriciate at such centers as Kraków and Gdańsk.
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Jewna
Jewna (Еўна, Jaunė, literally, young woman in Lithuanian; died ca. 1344) was daughter of Prince Ivan of Polatsk and wife of Gediminas, the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1316–1341).
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John Meyendorff
John Meyendorff (February 17, 1926 – July 22, 1992) was a leading theologian of the Orthodox Church of America as well as a writer and teacher.
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Kórnik Library
Kórnik Library (Biblioteka Kórnicka) is one of the most famous Polish libraries, founded by Tytus Działyński in 1828 at Kórnik.
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Königsberg
Königsberg is the name for a former German city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.
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Kęstutis
Kęstutis (born ca. 1297, died on 3 August or 15 August 1382 in Kreva) was a ruler of medieval Lithuania.
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Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus' (Рѹ́сь, Рѹ́сьскаѧ землѧ, Rus(s)ia, Ruscia, Ruzzia, Rut(h)enia) was a loose federationJohn Channon & Robert Hudson, Penguin Historical Atlas of Russia (Penguin, 1995), p.16.
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King Jagiello Monument
The King Jagiełło Monument is an equestrian monument of Władysław II Jagiełło, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, located in Central Park, New York City.
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Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
The Kingdom or Principality of Galicia–Volhynia (Old East Slavic: Галицко-Волинскоє князство, Галицько-Волинське князівство, Regnum Galiciae et Lodomeriae), also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia (Old East Slavic: Королѣвство Русь, Королівство Русі, Regnum Russiae) since 1253, was a state in the regions of Galicia and Volhynia, of present-day western Ukraine, which was formed after the conquest of Galicia by the Prince of Volhynia Roman the Great, with the help of Leszek the White of Poland.
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Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)
The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania joined in a personal union established by the Union of Krewo (1385).
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Klaipėda
Klaipėda (Samogitian name: Klaipieda, Polish name: Kłajpeda, German name: Memel), is a city in Lithuania on the Baltic Sea coast.
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Konrad von Jungingen
Konrad V von Jungingen (born around 1355 in Jungingen, died on March 30, 1407 in Marienburg) was a grand master of the Teutonic Order in 1393-1407.
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Konrad von Wallenrode
Konrad von Wallenrode (c. 1330s – 23 July 1393) was the 24th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1391 to 1393.
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Kraków
Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
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Kreva Castle
Kreva Castle (Крэўскі замак, Krėvos pilis, Zamek w Krewie) is the ruins of a major fortified residence of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania (Gediminas and Algirdas) in the village of Kreva, Belarus.
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Ladislaus I of Hungary
Ladislaus I or Ladislas I, also Saint Ladislaus or Saint Ladislas (I or Szent László; Ladislav I.; Svätý Ladislav I; Władysław I Święty; 1040 – 29 July 1095) was King of Hungary from 1077 and King of Croatia from 1091.
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Latinisation of names
Latinisation or Latinization is the practice of rendering a non-Latin name (or word) in a Latin style.
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Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland (Polish: Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is a historical region (dzielnica) of Poland; its capital is the city of Kraków.
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List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Kiev
This list contains the names of all the Eastern Orthodox hierarchs whose title contains a reference to the city of Kiev, arranged chronologically and grouped as per the jurisdictions, some of them unrecognised.
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List of Polish monarchs
Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 10th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century).
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List of rulers of Belarus
History of Belarusian states can be traced far to Principality of Polotsk.
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List of rulers of Lithuania
The following is a list of rulers over Lithuania—grand dukes, kings, and presidents—the heads of authority over historical Lithuanian territory.
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Lithuanian Civil War (1381–84)
The Lithuanian Civil War of 1381–1384 was the first struggle for power between the cousins Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania and later King of Poland, and Vytautas the Great.
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Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92)
The Lithuanian Civil War of 1389–92 was the second civil conflict between Jogaila, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his cousin Vytautas.
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Lithuanian mythology
Lithuanian mythology is a type of Baltic mythology, developed by Lithuanians throughout the centuries.
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Lithuanian nobility
The Lithuanian nobility was historically a legally privileged class in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania consisting of Lithuanians, from the historical regions of Lithuania Proper and Samogitia, and, following Lithuania's eastern expansion, many Ruthenian noble families (boyars).
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Lithuanians
Lithuanians (lietuviai, singular lietuvis/lietuvė) are a Baltic ethnic group, native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,561,300 people.
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Louis I of Hungary
Louis I, also Louis the Great (Nagy Lajos; Ludovik Veliki; Ľudovít Veľký) or Louis the Hungarian (Ludwik Węgierski; 5 March 132610 September 1382), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370.
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Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages, granted by the local ruler.
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Malbork
Malbork (Marienburg; Civitas Beatae Virginis) is a town in northern Poland in the Żuławy region (Vistula delta), with 38,478 inhabitants (2006).
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Malbork Castle
The Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork (zamek w Malborku; Ordensburg Marienburg) was built in the 13th century in Prussia and is currently located near the town of Malbork, Poland.
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Mamai
Mamai (Мамай, Mamay, 1335 - 1380), of Kiyat descent, was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde.
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Mazovia
Mazovia (Mazowsze) is a historical region (dzielnica) in mid-north-eastern Poland.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Mikołaj Trąba
Mikołaj Trąba, of Trąby coat of arms (1358 – 2 December 1422) was a Polish Roman Catholic priest, Royal Notary from 1390, Deputy Chancellor of the Crown 1403–12, bishop of Halicz 1410–12, archbishop of Gniezno from 1412, and first primate of Poland 1417–22.
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Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło
Jogaila, later Władysław II JagiełłoFor the sake of simplicity, this article uses the Lithuanian form Jogaila for the early period of his life and the Polish form Władysław for the period following his accession to the Polish throne.
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Navahrudak Castle
The former castle in Navahrudak, Belarus (Навагрудскі замак, Naugarduko pilis, Zamek w Nowogródku) was one of the key strongholds of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, cited by Maciej Stryjkowski as the location of Mindaugas's coronation as King of Lithuania as well as his likely burial place.
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Neman
The Neman, Nemunas, Nyoman, Niemen or Memel, a major Eastern European river.
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Nieszawa
Nieszawa (Nessau) is a town and a commune in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.
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Nowy Korczyn
Nowy Korczyn is a village in Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.
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Oborniki
Oborniki (Obornik) is a town in Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, about 30 km north of Poznań.
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Old Prussians
Old Prussians or Baltic Prussians (Old Prussian: Prūsai; Pruzzen or Prußen; Pruteni; Prūši; Prūsai; Prusowie; Prësowié) refers to the indigenous peoples from a cluster of Baltic tribes that inhabited the region of Prussia.
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Ossolineum
The Ossolineum or the National Ossoliński Institute (Zakład Narodowy im., ZNiO) is a non-profit foundation located in Wrocław, Poland since 1947, and subsidized from the state budget.
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Ostrów Agreement
The Ostrów or Astrava Agreement (Astravos sutartis, Востраўскае пагадненне, Ugoda w Ostrowie) was a treaty between Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his cousin Vytautas the Great, signed on 4 August 1392.
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Pact of Vilnius and Radom
The Pact of Vilnius and Radom (Unia wileńsko-radomska, Vilniaus-Radomo sutartis) was a set of three acts passed in Vilnius, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and confirmed by the Crown Council in Radom, Kingdom of Poland in 1401.
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Paganism
Paganism is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for populations of the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, either because they were increasingly rural and provincial relative to the Christian population or because they were not milites Christi (soldiers of Christ).
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Palanga
Palanga (Palanga (also till 1934)) is a seaside resort town in western Lithuania, on the shore of the Baltic Sea.
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Paweł Włodkowic
Paweł Włodkowic (Paulus Vladimiri in Latin) (ca. 1370 – 9 October 1435) was a distinguished scholar, jurist and rector of the Kraków Academy who defended Poland and native non-Christian tribes against the Teutonic Knights and their policies of conquest.
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Płock
Płock (pronounced) is a city on the Vistula river in central Poland.
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Peace of Raciąż
Peace of Raciąż was a treaty signed on 22 May 1404 between Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Teutonic Knights, regarding the control of the Dobrzyń Land and Samogitia.
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Peace of Thorn (1411)
The (First) Peace of Thorn was a peace treaty formally ending the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War between allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania on one side, and the Teutonic Knights on the other.
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Personal union
A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct.
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Petru I of Moldavia
Petru I was Voivode (prince) of Moldavia from the end of 1367 to after July 1368.
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Podolia
Podolia or Podilia (Подíлля, Podillja, Подо́лье, Podolʹje., Podolya, Podole, Podolien, Podolė) is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central and south-western parts of Ukraine and in northeastern Moldova (i.e. northern Transnistria).
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Polish Golden Age
The Polish Golden Age refers to the period from the late 15th century Jagiellon Poland to the death of the last of the Jagiellons, Sigismund August in 1572.
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Polish–Lithuanian union
The term Polish–Lithuanian Union refers to a series of acts and alliances between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that lasted for prolonged periods of time and led to the creation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth—the "Republic of the Two Nations"—in 1569 and eventually to the creation of a short-lived unitary state in 1791.
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Polish–Teutonic War (1431–35)
The Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435) was an armed conflict between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Knights.
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Pomerelia
Pomerelia (Pomerelia; Pomerellen, Pommerellen), also referred to as Eastern Pomerania (Pomorze Wschodnie) or as Gdańsk Pomerania (Pomorze Gdańskie), is a historical region in northern Poland.
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Pontoon bridge
A pontoon bridge (or ponton bridge), also known as a floating bridge, uses floats or shallow-draft boats to support a continuous deck for pedestrian and vehicle travel.
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Przemyśl Land
Przemyśl Land (Ziemia przemyska) was an administrative unit of Kingdom of Kyiv Rus, Kingdom of Poland and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Pskov
Pskov (p; see also names in other languages) is a city and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located about east from the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River.
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Queen regnant
A queen regnant (plural: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank to a king, who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king, or a queen regent, who is the guardian of a child monarch and reigns temporarily in the child's stead.
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Red Ruthenia
Red Ruthenia or Red Rus' (Ruthenia Rubra; Russia Rubra; Chervona Rus'; Ruś Czerwona, Ruś Halicka; Chervonnaya Rus') is a term used since the Middle Ages for a region now comprising south-eastern Poland and adjoining parts of western Ukraine.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vilnius
The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Vilnius (Archidioecesis Vilnensis; Vilniaus arkivyskupija) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Lithuania.
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Ruthenia
Ruthenia (Рѹ́сь (Rus) and Рѹ́сьскаѧ землѧ (Rus'kaya zemlya), Ῥωσία, Rus(s)ia, Ruscia, Ruzzia, Rut(h)enia, Roxolania, Garðaríki) is a proper geographical exonym for Kievan Rus' and other, more local, historical states.
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Samogitia
Samogitia or Žemaitija (Samogitian: Žemaitėjė; Žemaitija; see below for alternate and historical names) is one of the five ethnographic regions of Lithuania. Žemaitija is located in northwestern Lithuania. Its largest city is Šiauliai. Žemaitija has a long and distinct cultural history, reflected in the existence of the Samogitian dialect.
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Samogitian uprisings
Samogitian uprisings refer to two uprisings by the Samogitians against the Teutonic Knights in 1401–1404 and 1409.
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Samuel Orgelbrand
Samuel Orgelbrand (1810–1868) was one of the most prominent Polish-Jewish printers, booksellers, and publishers of the 19th century.
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Scorched earth
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy while it is advancing through or withdrawing from a location.
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Sigismund Kęstutaitis
Sigismund Kęstutaitis (Žygimantas I Kęstutaitis; Zygmunt Kiejstutowicz; c. 1365 – 20 March 1440) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1432 to 1440.
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Sigismund Korybut
Sigismund Korybut (Žygimantas Kaributaitis; Жыгімонт Карыбутавіч; Zygmunt Korybutowicz; Zikmund Korybutovič; Жиґимонт Корибутович, 1395 – 1435 near Pabaiskas) was a duke from the Gediminid dynasty, best known as a military commander of the Hussite army and a governor of Bohemia and Prague during the Hussite Wars.
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Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 in Nuremberg – 9 December 1437 in Znaim, Moravia) was Prince-elector of Brandenburg from 1378 until 1388 and from 1411 until 1415, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1387, King of Germany from 1411, King of Bohemia from 1419, King of Italy from 1431, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last male member of the House of Luxembourg.
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Silesia
Silesia (Śląsk; Slezsko;; Silesian German: Schläsing; Silesian: Ślůnsk; Šlazyńska; Šleska; Silesia) is a region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.
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Skirgaila
Skirgaila (Schirgalo; Скіргайла; Skirgiełło, also known as Ivan/Iwan; ca. 1353 or 1354 – 11 January 1397 in Kiev; baptized 1383/1384 as Casimir) was a regent of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania for his brother Jogaila from 1386 to 1392.
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Sophia of Halshany
Sophia of Halshany or Sonka Olshanskaya (translit; Sofija Alšėniškė; Zofia Holszańska; – September 21, 1461 in Kraków) was a Grand Duchy of Lithuania princess of Halshany.
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Szlachta
The szlachta (exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Samogitia (both after Union of Lublin became a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the Zaporozhian Host.
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Tatars
The Tatars (татарлар, татары) are a Turkic-speaking peoples living mainly in Russia and other Post-Soviet countries.
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Teutonic Order
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.
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Timurid dynasty
The Timurid dynasty (تیموریان), self-designated as Gurkani (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān), was a Sunni Muslim dynasty or clan of Turco-Mongol lineageB.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006Encyclopædia Britannica, "", Online Academic Edition, 2007.
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Tokhtamysh
Tokhtamysh (tat. Tuqtamış) The spelling of Tokhtamysh varies, but the most common spelling is Tokhtamysh.
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Trakai
Trakai (see names section for alternate and historic names) is a historic city and lake resort in Lithuania.
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Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.
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Treaty of Dovydiškės
The Treaty of Dovydiškės (Dovydiškių sutartis; Vertrag von Daudisken), Daudiske, or Daudisken was a secret treaty signed on May 31, 1380 between Jogaila, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, and Winrich von Kniprode, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
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Treaty of Dubysa
The Treaty of Dubysa or Treaty of Dubissa (Dubysos sutartys) consisted of three legal acts formulated on 31 October 1382 between Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, with his brother Skirgaila and Konrad von Wallenrode, Marshal of the Teutonic Order.
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Treaty of Melno
The Treaty of Melno (Melno taika; Pokój melneński) or Treaty of Lake Melno (Friede von Melnosee) was a peace treaty ending the Gollub War.
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Treaty of Salynas
Treaty of Salynas (Frieden von Sallinwerder, Salyno sutartis) was a peace treaty signed on 12 October 1398 by the Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights Konrad von Jungingen.
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Uliana of Tver
Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver (Ульяна Александровна Тверская; – 17 March 1391) was a daughter of Prince Alexander of Tver and Anastasia of Halych (daughter of Yuri I of Galicia).
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Uliana Olshanska
Princess Uliana Olshanska (Julianna Holszańska, Julijona Alšėniškė or Julijona Vytautienė) was a noblewoman from the Olshanski family, the second wife of Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.
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Ulrich von Jungingen
Ulrich von Jungingen (c.a. 1360 – 15 July 1410) was the 26th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1407 to 1410.
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Union of Horodło
The Union of Horodło or Pact of Horodło was a set of three acts signed in the town of Horodło on 2 October 1413.
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Union of Krewo
In a strict sense, the Union of Krewo or "Act of Krėva" (also spelled "Union of Krevo", "Act of Kreva"; Krėvos sutartis) was a set of prenuptial promises made in the Kreva Castle on 14 August 1385 by Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in exchange for marriage to the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland.
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Union of Lublin
The Union of Lublin (unia lubelska; Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569, in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (p), also known as Novgorod the Great, or Novgorod Veliky, or just Novgorod, is one of the most important historic cities in Russia, which serves as the administrative center of Novgorod Oblast.
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Vilnius
Vilnius (see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city, with a population of 574,221.
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Vistula
The Vistula (Wisła, Weichsel,, ווייסל), Висла) is the longest and largest river in Poland, at in length. The drainage basin area of the Vistula is, of which lies within Poland (54% of its land area). The remainder is in Belarus, Ukraine and Slovakia. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in the south of Poland, above sea level in the Silesian Beskids (western part of Carpathian Mountains), where it begins with the White Little Vistula (Biała Wisełka) and the Black Little Vistula (Czarna Wisełka). It then continues to flow over the vast Polish plains, passing several large Polish cities along its way, including Kraków, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Świecie, Grudziądz, Tczew and Gdańsk. It empties into the Vistula Lagoon (Zalew Wiślany) or directly into the Gdańsk Bay of the Baltic Sea with a delta and several branches (Leniwka, Przekop, Śmiała Wisła, Martwa Wisła, Nogat and Szkarpawa).
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Volhynia
Volhynia, also Volynia or Volyn (Wołyń, Volýn) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe straddling between south-eastern Poland, parts of south-western Belarus, and western Ukraine.
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Vytautas
Vytautas (c. 1350 – October 27, 1430), also known as Vytautas the Great (Lithuanian:, Вітаўт Кейстутавіч (Vitaŭt Kiejstutavič), Witold Kiejstutowicz, Rusyn: Vitovt, Latin: Alexander Vitoldus) from the 15th century onwards, was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which chiefly encompassed the Lithuanians and Ruthenians.
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Wawel Cathedral
The Royal Archcathedral Basilica of Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus on the Wawel Hill (królewska bazylika archikatedralna śś.), also known as the Wawel Cathedral (katedra wawelska), is a Roman Catholic church located on Wawel Hill in Kraków, Poland.
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Władysław I the Elbow-high
Władysław I the Elbow-high or the Short (Władysław I Łokietek; c. 1260 – 2 March 1333) was the King of Poland from 1306 to 1333, and duke of several of the provinces and principalities in the preceding years.
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Władysław III of Poland
Władysław III (31 October 1424 – 10 November 1444), also known as Władysław of Varna, was King of Poland from 1434, and King of Hungary and Croatia from 1440, until his death at the Battle of Varna.
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Władysław Opolski
Władysław of Opole (Władysław opolski) (– 27 August/13 September 1281/2) was a Duke of Kalisz during 1234–1244, Duke of Wieluń from 1234 to 1249 and Duke of Opole–Racibórz from 1246 until his death.
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Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
Wenceslaus (also Wenceslas; Václav IV.; Wenzel, nicknamed der Faule ("the Idle"); 26 February 1361 – 16 August 1419) was, by inheritance, King of Bohemia (as Wenceslaus IV) from 1363 and by election, German King (formally King of the Romans) from 1376.
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William, Duke of Austria
William (– 15 July 1406), known as William the Courteous (der Freundliche), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1386.
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Wings of the Golden Horde
According to Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318), Genghis Khan's eldest son, Jochi, had nearly 40 sons, of whom he names 14.
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Wkra
Wkra is a river in north-eastern Poland, a tributary of the Narew river, with a length of 255 kilometres and a basin area of 5,348 km² - all within Poland.
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Wojciech Jastrzębiec
Wojciech of Jastrzębiec (c. 1362–1436) was a Polish mediaeval politician and religious leader.
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Wrocław
Wrocław (Breslau; Vratislav; Vratislavia) is the largest city in western Poland.
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Yotvingians
Yotvingians, or Sudovians (also called Suduvians, Jatvians, or Jatvingians in English; Jotvingiai, Sūduviai; Jātvingi; Jaćwingowie, Яцвягі, Ятвяги Sudauer), were a Baltic people with close cultural ties in the 13th century to the Lithuanians and Prussians.
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Zawisza Czarny
Zawisza Czarny (or Zawisza the Black; 1379 – 12 June 1428), Sulima coat of arms, was a Polish knight and nobleman who served as a commander and diplomat under Polish king Władysław II Jagiełło and Hungarian-Bohemian king Sigismund of Luxembourg.
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Złotoryja
Złotoryja (Goldberg, Latin: Aureus Mons, Aurum) is a historic town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in southwestern Poland, the administrative seat of Złotoryja County, and of the smaller Gmina Złotoryja.
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Zbigniew Oleśnicki (cardinal)
Zbigniew Oleśnicki (5 December 1389 in Sienno, Masovian Voivodeship – 1 April 1455), known in Latin as Sbigneus, was a high-ranking Roman Catholic clergyman and an influential Polish statesman and diplomat.
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Redirects here:
Jagailo, Jagailo Olgerdovich, Jagello, Jagiello, Jagiełło, Jahaila, Jogaila, Jogaila (Jagiełło), Jogaila (Wladyslaw II Jagiello), Jogaila (Wladyslaw II), Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło), Jogaila (Władysław II), Jogaila Algirdaitis, Jogaila of Lithuania, Jogaila, Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Jogaila, Grand Prince of Lithuania, Jogaila, Great Prince of Lithuania, Jogaila, Prince of Lithuania, King Jagiello, King Ladislaus II Jagiello, King Ladislaus II of Poland, Ladislas II Jagiello of Poland, Ladislaus V of Poland, Ladislaus of Lithuania and Poland, Vladislaus Jagiello, Wladislaus II Jagiello, Wladislaw II Jogaila, Wladislaw Jogaila, Wladislaw of Poland, Wladyslaw II (Jogaila), Wladyslaw II Jagiello, Wladyslaw II Jagiello of Lithuania and Poland, Wladyslaw II Jagiello of Poland, Wladyslaw II Jagiellon of Poland, Wladyslaw II/V of Poland, Jogaila of Lithuania, Wladyslaw Jagiello, Wladyslaw Jagiello of Poland, Wladyslaw Jagiello of Poland and Lithuania, Wladyslaw Jogaila, Wladyslaw V Jagiello, Władysław II (Jogaila), Władysław II Jagiello, Władysław II Jagiełło of Lithuania and Poland, Władysław Jagiełło, Władysław Jagiełło of Poland and Lithuania, Władysław V Jagiełło.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Władysław_II_Jagiełło
