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Word-sense disambiguation

Index Word-sense disambiguation

In computational linguistics, word-sense disambiguation (WSD) is an open problem of natural language processing and ontology. [1]

114 relations: Advanced learner's dictionary, Algorithm, Ambiguity, Anaphora (linguistics), Artificial intelligence, BabelNet, Bass, Bass (fish), Bass (sound), Bootstrapping, Cataphora, Classic monolingual word-sense disambiguation, Cluster analysis, Co-occurrence, Coefficient of relationship, Coherence (linguistics), Collocation, Common sense, Commonsense knowledge (artificial intelligence), Computational linguistics, Computer science, Connectivity (graph theory), Controlled natural language, Corpus linguistics, Data set, Decision tree, Default logic, Degree (graph theory), Dictionary, Discourse, Douglas Lenat, Ensemble learning, Entity linking, Feature selection, Granularity, Graph (discrete mathematics), Hindi, Homograph, Human brain, Inference, Information retrieval, Information technology, Instance-based learning, Inter-rater reliability, John Ball (cognitive scientist), Judicial interpretation, Kernel method, Knowledge, Knowledge acquisition, Knowledge base, ..., Language, Lesk algorithm, Lexical resource, Lexical substitution, Lexicography, Lexicon, Machine learning, Machine translation, Machine-readable dictionary, Map (mathematics), Margaret Masterman, Meaning (linguistics), Metaphor, Metonymy, Mouse, Multilingualism, Naive Bayes classifier, Natural language, Natural language processing, Neural circuit, Ontology, Ontology (information science), Ontology components, Open problem, Parallel text, Part-of-speech tagging, Polysemy, Pragmatics, Reason, Roget's Thesaurus, Semantic role labeling, Semantic similarity, Semantic unification, SemEval, Semi-supervised learning, Sentence (linguistics), Sentence boundary disambiguation, Similarity measure, Spreading activation, Statistical classification, Stop words, Supervised learning, Support vector machine, Synonym, Syntactic ambiguity, Text corpus, Thesaurus, Training, test, and validation sets, Translation, Unsupervised learning, Upper and lower bounds, Variance, Warren Weaver, Web search engine, Wikipedia, Word, Word lists by frequency, Word sense, Word-sense induction, WordNet, World Wide Web, Yarowsky algorithm, Yehoshua Bar-Hillel, Yorick Wilks. Expand index (64 more) »

Advanced learner's dictionary

The advanced learner's dictionary is the most common type of monolingual learner's dictionary, that is, a dictionary written for someone who is learning a foreign language and who has a proficiency level of B2 or above according to the Common European Framework.

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Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.

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Ambiguity

Ambiguity is a type of meaning in which several interpretations are plausible.

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Anaphora (linguistics)

In linguistics, anaphora is the use of an expression whose interpretation depends upon another expression in context (its antecedent or postcedent).

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Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals.

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BabelNet

BabelNet is a multilingual lexicalized semantic network and ontology developed at the Sapienza University of Rome, at the Department of Computer Science Linguistic Computing Laboratory.

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Bass

Bass or Basses may refer to.

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Bass (fish)

Bass is a name shared by many species of fish.

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Bass (sound)

Bass describes tones of low (also called "deep") frequency, pitch and range from 16-256 Hz (C0 to middle C4) and bass instruments that produce tones in the low-pitched range C2-C4.

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Bootstrapping

In general, bootstrapping usually refers to a self-starting process that is supposed to proceed without external input.

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Cataphora

In linguistics, cataphora (from Greek, καταφορά, kataphora, “a downward motion” from κατά, kata, “downwards” and φέρω, pherō, “I carry”) is the use of an expression or word that co-refers with a later, more specific, expression in the discourse.

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Classic monolingual word-sense disambiguation

Classic monolingual Word Sense Disambiguation evaluation tasks uses WordNet as its sense inventory and is largely based on supervised / semi-supervised classification with the manually sense annotated corpora.

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Cluster analysis

Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some sense) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters).

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Co-occurrence

In linguistics, co-occurrence or cooccurrence refers to an above-chance frequency of occurrence of two terms (also known as coincidence or concurrence) from a text corpus alongside each other in a certain order.

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Coefficient of relationship

The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals.

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Coherence (linguistics)

Coherence in linguistics is what makes a text semantically meaningful.

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Collocation

In corpus linguistics, a collocation is a sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance.

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Common sense

Common sense is sound practical judgment concerning everyday matters, or a basic ability to perceive, understand, and judge that is shared by ("common to") nearly all people.

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Commonsense knowledge (artificial intelligence)

In artificial intelligence research, commonsense knowledge consists of facts about the everyday world, such as "Lemons are sour", that all humans are expected to know.

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Computational linguistics

Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions.

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Computer science

Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.

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Connectivity (graph theory)

In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to disconnect the remaining nodes from each other.

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Controlled natural language

Controlled natural languages (CNLs) are subsets of natural languages that are obtained by restricting the grammar and vocabulary in order to reduce or eliminate ambiguity and complexity.

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Corpus linguistics

Corpus linguistics is the study of language as expressed in corpora (bodies) of "real world" text.

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Data set

A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data.

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Decision tree

A decision tree is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like graph or model of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility.

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Default logic

Default logic is a non-monotonic logic proposed by Raymond Reiter to formalize reasoning with default assumptions.

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Degree (graph theory)

In graph theory, the degree (or valency) of a vertex of a graph is the number of edges incident to the vertex, with loops counted twice.

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Dictionary

A dictionary, sometimes known as a wordbook, is a collection of words in one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by radical and stroke for ideographic languages), which may include information on definitions, usage, etymologies, pronunciations, translation, etc.

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Discourse

Discourse (from Latin discursus, "running to and from") denotes written and spoken communications.

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Douglas Lenat

Douglas Bruce Lenat (born 1950) is the CEO of Cycorp, Inc. of Austin, Texas, and has been a prominent researcher in artificial intelligence; he was awarded the biannual IJCAI Computers and Thought Award in 1976 for creating the landmark machine learning program, AM.

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Ensemble learning

In statistics and machine learning, ensemble methods use multiple learning algorithms to obtain better predictive performance that could be obtained from any of the constituent learning algorithms alone.

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Entity linking

In natural language processing, entity linking, named entity linking (NEL), named entity disambiguation (NED), named entity recognition and disambiguation (NERD) or named entity normalization (NEN) is the task of determining the identity of entities mentioned in text.

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Feature selection

In machine learning and statistics, feature selection, also known as variable selection, attribute selection or variable subset selection, is the process of selecting a subset of relevant features (variables, predictors) for use in model construction.

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Granularity

Granularity (also called graininess), the condition of existing in grains or granules, refers to the extent to which a material or system is composed of distinguishable pieces or grains.

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Graph (discrete mathematics)

In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a graph is a structure amounting to a set of objects in which some pairs of the objects are in some sense "related".

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Hindi

Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST: Hindī), or Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, IAST: Mānak Hindī) is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language.

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Homograph

A homograph (from the ὁμός, homós, "same" and γράφω, gráphō, "write") is a word that shares the same written form as another word but has a different meaning.

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Human brain

The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.

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Inference

Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences.

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Information retrieval

Information retrieval (IR) is the activity of obtaining information system resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources.

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Information technology

Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise.

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Instance-based learning

In machine learning, instance-based learning (sometimes called memory-based learning) is a family of learning algorithms that, instead of performing explicit generalization, compares new problem instances with instances seen in training, which have been stored in memory.

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Inter-rater reliability

In statistics, inter-rater reliability, inter-rater agreement, or concordance, is the degree of agreement among raters.

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John Ball (cognitive scientist)

John Samuel Ball (born 1963) is an American cognitive scientist, an expert in machine intelligence, computer architecture and the inventor of Patom Theory.

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Judicial interpretation

Judicial interpretation refers to different ways that the judiciary uses to interpret the law, particularly constitutional documents and legislation.

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Kernel method

In machine learning, kernel methods are a class of algorithms for pattern analysis, whose best known member is the support vector machine (SVM).

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Knowledge

Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning.

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Knowledge acquisition

Knowledge acquisition is the process used to define the rules and ontologies required for a knowledge-based system.

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Knowledge base

A knowledge base (KB) is a technology used to store complex structured and unstructured information used by a computer system.

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Language

Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.

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Lesk algorithm

The Lesk algorithm is a classical algorithm for word sense disambiguation introduced by Michael E. Lesk in 1986.

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Lexical resource

A lexical resource (LR) is a database consisting of one or several dictionaries.

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Lexical substitution

Lexical substitution is the task of identifying a substitute for a word in the context of a clause.

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Lexicography

Lexicography is divided into two separate but equally important groups.

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Lexicon

A lexicon, word-hoard, wordbook, or word-stock is the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical).

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Machine learning

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence in the field of computer science that often uses statistical techniques to give computers the ability to "learn" (i.e., progressively improve performance on a specific task) with data, without being explicitly programmed.

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Machine translation

Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the abbreviation MT (not to be confused with computer-aided translation, machine-aided human translation (MAHT) or interactive translation) is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of software to translate text or speech from one language to another.

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Machine-readable dictionary

Machine-readable dictionary (MRD) is a dictionary stored as machine (computer) data instead of being printed on paper.

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Map (mathematics)

In mathematics, the term mapping, sometimes shortened to map, refers to either a function, often with some sort of special structure, or a morphism in category theory, which generalizes the idea of a function.

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Margaret Masterman

Margaret Masterman (4 May 1910 – 1 April 1986) was a British linguist and philosopher, most known for her pioneering work in the field of computational linguistics and especially machine translation.

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Meaning (linguistics)

In linguistics, meaning is the information or concepts that a sender intends to convey, or does convey, in communication with a receiver.

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Metaphor

A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly refers to one thing by mentioning another for rhetorical effect.

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Metonymy

Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept.

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Mouse

A mouse (Mus), plural mice, is a small rodent characteristically having a pointed snout, small rounded ears, a body-length scaly tail and a high breeding rate.

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Multilingualism

Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers.

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Naive Bayes classifier

In machine learning, naive Bayes classifiers are a family of simple "probabilistic classifiers" based on applying Bayes' theorem with strong (naive) independence assumptions between the features.

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Natural language

In neuropsychology, linguistics, and the philosophy of language, a natural language or ordinary language is any language that has evolved naturally in humans through use and repetition without conscious planning or premeditation.

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Natural language processing

Natural language processing (NLP) is an area of computer science and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages, in particular how to program computers to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data.

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Neural circuit

A neural circuit, is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated.

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Ontology

Ontology (introduced in 1606) is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations.

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Ontology (information science)

In computer science and information science, an ontology encompasses a representation, formal naming, and definition of the categories, properties, and relations of the concepts, data, and entities that substantiate one, many, or all domains.

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Ontology components

Contemporary ontologies share many structural similarities, regardless of the language in which they are expressed.

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Open problem

In science and mathematics, an open problem or an open question is a known problem which can be accurately stated, and which is assumed to have an objective and verifiable solution, but which has not yet been solved (no solution for it is known).

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Parallel text

A parallel text is a text placed alongside its translation or translations.

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Part-of-speech tagging

In corpus linguistics, part-of-speech tagging (POS tagging or PoS tagging or POST), also called grammatical tagging or word-category disambiguation, is the process of marking up a word in a text (corpus) as corresponding to a particular part of speech, based on both its definition and its context—i.e., its relationship with adjacent and related words in a phrase, sentence, or paragraph.

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Polysemy

Polysemy (or; from πολυ-, poly-, "many" and σῆμα, sêma, "sign") is the capacity for a sign (such as a word, phrase, or symbol) to have multiple meanings (that is, multiple semes or sememes and thus multiple senses), usually related by contiguity of meaning within a semantic field.

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Pragmatics

Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning.

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Reason

Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying facts, applying logic, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information.

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Roget's Thesaurus

Roget's Thesaurus is a widely used English-language thesaurus, created in 1805 by Peter Mark Roget (1779–1869), British physician, natural theologian and lexicographer.

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Semantic role labeling

In the field of artificial intelligence, Semantic role labeling, sometimes also called shallow semantic parsing, is a process in natural language processing that assigns labels to words or phrases in a sentence that indicate their semantic role in the sentence, such as that of an agent, goal, or result.

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Semantic similarity

Semantic similarity is a metric defined over a set of documents or terms, where the idea of distance between them is based on the likeness of their meaning or semantic content as opposed to similarity which can be estimated regarding their syntactical representation (e.g. their string format).

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Semantic unification

Semantic unification, in philosophy, linguistics, and computer science, is the process of unifying lexically different concept representations that are judged to have the same semantic content (i.e., meaning).

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SemEval

SemEval (Semantic Evaluation) is an ongoing series of evaluations of computational semantic analysis systems; it evolved from the Senseval word sense evaluation series.

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Semi-supervised learning

Semi-supervised learning is a class of supervised learning tasks and techniques that also make use of unlabeled data for training – typically a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabeled data.

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Sentence (linguistics)

In non-functional linguistics, a sentence is a textual unit consisting of one or more words that are grammatically linked.

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Sentence boundary disambiguation

Sentence boundary disambiguation (SBD), also known as sentence breaking, sentence boundary detection, and sentence segmentation, is the problem in natural language processing of deciding where sentences begin and end.

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Similarity measure

In statistics and related fields, a similarity measure or similarity function is a real-valued function that quantifies the similarity between two objects.

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Spreading activation

Spreading activation is a method for searching associative networks, biological and artificial neural networks, or semantic networks.

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Statistical classification

In machine learning and statistics, classification is the problem of identifying to which of a set of categories (sub-populations) a new observation belongs, on the basis of a training set of data containing observations (or instances) whose category membership is known.

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Stop words

In computing, stop words are words which are filtered out before or after processing of natural language data (text).

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Supervised learning

Supervised learning is the machine learning task of learning a function that maps an input to an output based on example input-output pairs.

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Support vector machine

In machine learning, support vector machines (SVMs, also support vector networks) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data used for classification and regression analysis.

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Synonym

A synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language.

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Syntactic ambiguity

Syntactic ambiguity, also called amphiboly or amphibology, is a situation where a sentence may be interpreted in more than one way due to ambiguous sentence structure.

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Text corpus

In linguistics, a corpus (plural corpora) or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts (nowadays usually electronically stored and processed).

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Thesaurus

In general usage, a thesaurus is a reference work that lists words grouped together according to similarity of meaning (containing synonyms and sometimes antonyms), in contrast to a dictionary, which provides definitions for words, and generally lists them in alphabetical order.

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Training, test, and validation sets

In machine learning, the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on data is a common task.

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Translation

Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text.

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Unsupervised learning

Unsupervised machine learning is the machine learning task of inferring a function that describes the structure of "unlabeled" data (i.e. data that has not been classified or categorized).

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Upper and lower bounds

In mathematics, especially in order theory, an upper bound of a subset S of some partially ordered set (K, ≤) is an element of K which is greater than or equal to every element of S. The term lower bound is defined dually as an element of K which is less than or equal to every element of S. A set with an upper bound is said to be bounded from above by that bound, a set with a lower bound is said to be bounded from below by that bound.

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Variance

In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean.

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Warren Weaver

Warren Weaver (July 17, 1894 – November 24, 1978) was an American scientist, mathematician, and science administrator.

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Web search engine

A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.

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Wikipedia

Wikipedia is a multilingual, web-based, free encyclopedia that is based on a model of openly editable content.

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Word

In linguistics, a word is the smallest element that can be uttered in isolation with objective or practical meaning.

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Word lists by frequency

Word lists by frequency are lists of a language's words grouped by frequency of occurrence within some given text corpus, either by levels or as a ranked list, serving the purpose of vocabulary acquisition.

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Word sense

In linguistics, a word sense is one of the meanings of a word (some words have multiple meanings, some words have only one meaning).

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Word-sense induction

In computational linguistics, word-sense induction (WSI) or discrimination is an open problem of natural language processing, which concerns the automatic identification of the senses of a word (i.e. meanings).

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WordNet

WordNet is a lexical database for the English language.

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World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and accessible via the Internet.

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Yarowsky algorithm

In computational linguistics the Yarowsky algorithm is an unsupervised learning algorithm for word sense disambiguation that uses the "one sense per collocation" and the "one sense per discourse" properties of human languages for word sense disambiguation.

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Yehoshua Bar-Hillel

Yehoshua Bar-Hillel (יהושע בר-הלל; 8 September 1915, Vienna – 25 September 1975, Jerusalem) was an Israeli philosopher, mathematician, and linguist.

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Yorick Wilks

Yorick Wilks FBCS (born 27 October 1939) is a British computer scientist who is professor of artificial intelligence (emeritus) at the University of Sheffield, a senior research fellow at the Oxford Internet Institute, and a senior scientist at the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word-sense_disambiguation

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