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199 relations: "Hello, World!" program, Academic Press, Acronym, AIMACO, ALGOL, ALGOL 58, American National Standards Institute, Application framework, Assembly language, Assignment (computer science), Association for Computing Machinery, Association of Information Technology Professionals, Automatic variable, Backus–Naur form, Basic Books, Batch processing, Bendix Corporation, Betty Holberton, Binary number, Binary-coded decimal, Bit, Bob Bemer, Boolean data type, Boolean expression, British Computer Society, Burroughs Corporation, C++, Cambridge University Press, Character encoding, Charles Katz, Chief information officer, Class (computer programming), CODASYL, Committee, Communications of the ACM, Comparison of programming languages, Compiler, Computer file, Computer History Museum, Computerworld, COMTRAN, Concatenation, Conditional (computer programming), Container (abstract data type), Control Data Corporation, Control flow, CRC Press, Dangling else, Database, David Taylor Model Basin, ..., Debugging, Decimal, Decision table, Declarative programming, Deprecation, Design by committee, Ecma International, Edsger W. Dijkstra, Eiffel (programming language), Erratum, Evaluation strategy, Exception handling, FACT (computer language), Finalizer, Floating-point arithmetic, FLOW-MATIC, Formula, Fortran, Forward compatibility, Fujitsu, Function overloading, Function prototype, Gartner, General Electric, Generic programming, GnuCOBOL, Goto, Grace Hopper, Hercules (emulator), Honeywell, IBM, IBM COBOL, IBM Informix C-ISAM, ICL VME, IEEE 754, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Imperative programming, Include directive, Information system, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Interactivity, International Committee for Information Technology Standards, International Computers and Tabulators, International Data Group, International Electrotechnical Commission, International Organization for Standardization, ISAM, Jargon File, Java (programming language), Java (software platform), Jean E. Sammet, Job Control Language, John Wiley & Sons, Label (computer science), Letter to the editor, Lexical item, Library (computing), Library of Congress, Linked list, List of programming languages, Locale (computer software), Mainframe computer, Mary K. Hawes, Mass storage, Memory management, Memory segmentation, Metal lathe, Metalanguage, Method (computer programming), Micro Focus, Microsoft Windows, MIT Press, Modular programming, MVS, National Institute of Standards and Technology, NCR Corporation, Newline, NOP, Object-oriented programming, OpenVMS, Operating system, Parameter (computer programming), Pascal (programming language), Philco, PL/I, Pointer (computer programming), Polymorphism (computer science), Procedural programming, Programming language, Programming Language for Business, Property (programming), Protocol (object-oriented programming), Random access, RCA, Record locking, Recursion, Reserved word, Return statement, Roy Nutt, Sams, Saul Gorn, Self-documenting code, Self-modifying code, Sequential access, Signedness, Single-entry single-exit, Smalltalk, Software portability, Spaghetti code, Sperry Corporation, Standard library, Standardization, Statement (computer science), Static variable, String (computer science), Strong and weak typing, Structured programming, Subroutine, Substring, Switch statement, Sylvania Electric Products, Table (information), Text-based user interface, The C Programming Language, The Computer Museum, Boston, The Travelers Companies, Timeline of programming languages, Transaction processing, Type system, Undefined behavior, Unicode, Unique key, United States Air Force, United States Department of Defense, United States Department of the Navy, UNIVAC, University of Pennsylvania, Unix, User-defined function, UTF-8, Variable (computer science), VAX, Virtual Storage Access Method, Visual Basic .NET, VSE (operating system), XML, Year 2000 problem, Z/OS, .NET Framework. Expand index (149 more) »
"Hello, World!" program
A "Hello, World!" program is a computer program that outputs or displays "Hello, World!" to a user.
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Academic Press
Academic Press is an academic book publisher.
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Acronym
An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components in a phrase or a word, usually individual letters (as in NATO or laser) and sometimes syllables (as in Benelux).
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AIMACO
AIMACO is an acronym for AIr MAterial COmpiler.
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ALGOL
ALGOL (short for "Algorithmic Language") is a family of imperative computer programming languages, originally developed in the mid-1950s, which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM in textbooks and academic sources for more than thirty years.
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ALGOL 58
ALGOL 58, originally known as IAL, is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages.
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American National Standards Institute
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.
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Application framework
In computer programming, an application framework consists of a software framework used by software developers to implement the standard structure of application software.
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Assembly language
An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is a low-level programming language, in which there is a very strong (but often not one-to-one) correspondence between the assembly program statements and the architecture's machine code instructions.
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Assignment (computer science)
In computer programming, an assignment statement sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name; in other words, it copies a value into the variable.
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Association for Computing Machinery
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is an international learned society for computing.
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Association of Information Technology Professionals
The Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP) is a professional association that focuses on information technology education for business professionals.
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Automatic variable
In computer programming, an automatic variable is a local variable which is allocated and deallocated automatically when program flow enters and leaves the variable's scope.
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Backus–Naur form
In computer science, Backus–Naur form or Backus normal form (BNF) is a notation technique for context-free grammars, often used to describe the syntax of languages used in computing, such as computer programming languages, document formats, instruction sets and communication protocols.
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Basic Books
Basic Books is a book publisher founded in 1952 and located in New York, now an imprint of Hachette Books.
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Batch processing
In computing, batch processing refers to a computer working through a queue or batch of separate jobs (programs) without manual intervention (non-interactive).
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Bendix Corporation
The Bendix Corporation was an American manufacturing and engineering company which during various times in its 60-year existence (1924–1983) made automotive brake shoes and systems, vacuum tubes, aircraft brakes, aeronautical hydraulics and electric power systems, avionics, aircraft and automobile fuel control systems, radios, televisions and computers.
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Betty Holberton
Frances Elizabeth "Betty" Holberton (March 7, 1917 – December 8, 2001) was one of the six original programmers of ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, and was the inventor of breakpoints in computer debugging.
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Binary number
In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number expressed in the base-2 numeral system or binary numeral system, which uses only two symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one).
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Binary-coded decimal
In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each decimal digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight.
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Bit
The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.
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Bob Bemer
Robert William Bemer (February 8, 1920 – June 22, 2004) was a computer scientist best known for his work at IBM during the late 1950s and early 1960s.
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Boolean data type
In computer science, the Boolean data type is a data type that has one of two possible values (usually denoted true and false), intended to represent the two truth values of logic and Boolean algebra.
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Boolean expression
In computer science, a Boolean expression is an expression in a programming language that produces a Boolean value when evaluated, i.e. one of true or false.
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British Computer Society
Sir Maurice Wilkes served as first President of BCS in 1957. The British Computer Society (BCS) is a professional body and a learned society that represents those working in Information Technology, both in the United Kingdom and internationally.
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Burroughs Corporation
The Burroughs Corporation was a major American manufacturer of business equipment.
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C++
C++ ("see plus plus") is a general-purpose programming language.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Character encoding
Character encoding is used to represent a repertoire of characters by some kind of encoding system.
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Charles Katz
Charles Katz (born in 1927) is an American computer scientist known for his contributions to early compiler development in the 1950s.
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Chief information officer
Chief information officer (CIO), chief digital information officer (CDIO) or information technology (IT) director, is a job title commonly given to the most senior executive in an enterprise responsible for the traditional information technology and computer systems that support enterprise goals.
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Class (computer programming)
In object-oriented programming, a class is an extensible program-code-template for creating objects, providing initial values for state (member variables) and implementations of behavior (member functions or methods).
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CODASYL
CODASYL, the Conference/Committee on Data Systems Languages, was a consortium formed in 1959 to guide the development of a standard programming language that could be used on many computers.
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Committee
A committee (or "commission") is a body of one or more persons that is subordinate to a deliberative assembly.
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Communications of the ACM
Communications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
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Comparison of programming languages
Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer).
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Compiler
A compiler is computer software that transforms computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another programming language (the target language).
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Computer file
A computer file is a computer resource for recording data discretely in a computer storage device.
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Computer History Museum
The Computer History Museum (CHM) is a museum established in 1996 in Mountain View, California, US.
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Computerworld
Computerworld is a publication website and digital magazine for information technology (IT) and business technology professionals.
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COMTRAN
COMTRAN (COMmercial TRANslator) is an early programming language developed at IBM.
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Concatenation
In formal language theory and computer programming, string concatenation is the operation of joining character strings end-to-end.
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Conditional (computer programming)
In computer science, conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs are features of a programming language, which perform different computations or actions depending on whether a programmer-specified boolean condition evaluates to true or false.
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Container (abstract data type)
In computer science, a container is a class, a data structure, or an abstract data type (ADT) whose instances are collections of other objects.
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Control Data Corporation
Control Data Corporation (CDC) was a mainframe and supercomputer firm.
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Control flow
In computer science, control flow (or flow of control) is the order in which individual statements, instructions or function calls of an imperative program are executed or evaluated.
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CRC Press
The CRC Press, LLC is a publishing group based in the United States that specializes in producing technical books.
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Dangling else
The dangling else is a problem in computer programming in which an optional else clause in an if–then(–else) statement results in nested conditionals being ambiguous.
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Database
A database is an organized collection of data, stored and accessed electronically.
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David Taylor Model Basin
The David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) is one of the largest ship model basins—test facilities for the development of ship design—in the world.
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Debugging
Debugging is the process of finding and resolving defects or problems within a computer program that prevent correct operation of computer software or a system.
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Decimal
The decimal numeral system (also called base-ten positional numeral system, and occasionally called denary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers.
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Decision table
Decision tables are a concise visual representation for specifying which actions to perform depending on given conditions.
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Declarative programming
In computer science, declarative programming is a programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control flow.
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Deprecation
In several fields, deprecation is the discouragement of use of some terminology, feature, design, or practice, typically because it has been superseded or is no longer considered efficient or safe, without completely removing it or prohibiting its use.
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Design by committee
Design by committee is a disparaging term for a project that has many designers involved but no unifying plan or vision.
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Ecma International
Ecma is a standards organization for information and communication systems.
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Edsger W. Dijkstra
Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930 – 6 August 2002) was a Dutch systems scientist, programmer, software engineer, science essayist, and early pioneer in computing science.
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Eiffel (programming language)
Eiffel is an object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer (an object-orientation proponent and author of Object-Oriented Software Construction) and Eiffel Software.
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Erratum
An erratum or corrigendum (plurals: errata, corrigenda) (comes from errata corrige) is a correction of a published text.
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Evaluation strategy
Evaluation strategies are used by programming languages to determine when to evaluate the argument(s) of a function call (for function, also read: operation, method, or relation) and what kind of value to pass to the function.
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Exception handling
Exception handling is the process of responding to the occurrence, during computation, of exceptions – anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring special processing – often changing the normal flow of program execution.
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FACT (computer language)
FACT is an early discontinued computer programming language, created by the Datamatic Division of Minneapolis Honeywell for its model 800 series business computers in 1959.
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Finalizer
In object-oriented programming, a finalizer or finalize method is a special method that performs finalization, generally some form of cleanup.
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Floating-point arithmetic
In computing, floating-point arithmetic is arithmetic using formulaic representation of real numbers as an approximation so as to support a trade-off between range and precision.
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FLOW-MATIC
FLOW-MATIC, originally known as B-0 (Business Language version 0), was the first English-like data processing language.
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Formula
In science, a formula is a concise way of expressing information symbolically, as in a mathematical formula or a chemical formula.
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Fortran
Fortran (formerly FORTRAN, derived from Formula Translation) is a general-purpose, compiled imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.
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Forward compatibility
Forward compatibility or upward compatibility is a design characteristic that allows a system to accept input intended for a later version of itself.
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Fujitsu
is a Japanese multinational information technology equipment and services company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.
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Function overloading
In some programming languages, function overloading or method overloading is the ability to create multiple methods of the same name with different implementations.
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Function prototype
In computer programming, a function prototype or function interface is a declaration of a function that specifies the function's name and type signature (arity, data types of parameters, and return type), but omits the function body.
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Gartner
Gartner, Inc. is a global research and advisory firm providing insights, advice, and tools for leaders in IT, Finance, HR, Customer Service and Support, Legal and Compliance, Marketing, Sales, and Supply Chain functions across the world.
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General Electric
General Electric Company (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts.
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Generic programming
Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of types to-be-specified-later that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters.
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GnuCOBOL
GnuCOBOL (formerly OpenCOBOL, and for a short time known as GNU Cobol) is a free implementation of the COBOL programming language.
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Goto
GoTo (goto, GOTO, GO TO or other case combinations, depending on the programming language) is a statement found in many computer programming languages.
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Grace Hopper
Grace Brewster Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist and United States Navy rear admiral.
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Hercules (emulator)
Hercules is a computer emulator allowing software written for IBM mainframe computers (System/370, System/390, and zSeries/System z) and for plug compatible mainframes (such as Amdahl machines) to run on other types of computer hardware, notably on low-cost personal computers.
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Honeywell
Honeywell International Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate company that produces a variety of commercial and consumer products, engineering services and aerospace systems for a wide variety of customers, from private consumers to major corporations and governments.
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IBM
The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.
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IBM COBOL
IBM COBOL is the name of the COBOL compiler developed for IBM environments.
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IBM Informix C-ISAM
IBM Informix C-ISAM (also C-ISAM or cisam) is an X/Open standards-compliant API to an Indexed Sequential Access Method or ISAM.
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ICL VME
VME (Virtual Machine Environment) is a mainframe operating system developed by the UK company International Computers Limited (ICL, now part of the Fujitsu group).
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IEEE 754
The IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic (IEEE 754) is a technical standard for floating-point computation established in 1985 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
The IEEE Annals of the History of Computing is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the IEEE Computer Society.
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Imperative programming
In computer science, imperative programming is a programming paradigm that uses statements that change a program's state.
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Include directive
Many programming languages and other computer files have a directive, often called include (as well as copy and import), that causes the contents of a second file to be inserted into the original file.
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Information system
An information system (IS) is an organized system for the collection, organization, storage and communication of information.
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association with its corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey.
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Interactivity
Across the many fields concerned with interactivity, including information science, computer science, human-computer interaction, communication, and industrial design, there is little agreement over the meaning of the term "interactivity", although all are related to interaction with computers and other machines with a user interface.
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International Committee for Information Technology Standards
The InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS), (pronounced "insights"), is an ANSI-accredited standards development organization composed of Information technology developers.
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International Computers and Tabulators
International Computers and Tabulators or ICT was formed in 1959 by a merger of the British Tabulating Machine Company (BTM) and Powers-Samas.
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International Data Group
International Data Group, Inc. (IDG) is a Chinese-owned, American-based media, data and marketing services and venture capital organization.
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International Electrotechnical Commission
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; in French: Commission électrotechnique internationale) is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies – collectively known as "electrotechnology".
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International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.
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ISAM
ISAM (an acronym for indexed sequential access method) is a method for creating, maintaining, and manipulating indexes of key-fields extracted from random data file records to achieve fast retrieval of required file records.
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Jargon File
The Jargon File is a glossary and usage dictionary of slang used by computer programmers.
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Java (programming language)
Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
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Java (software platform)
Java is a set of computer software and specifications developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems, which was later acquired by the Oracle Corporation, that provides a system for developing application software and deploying it in a cross-platform computing environment.
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Jean E. Sammet
Jean E. Sammet (March 23, 1928 – May 20, 2017) was an American computer scientist who developed the FORMAC programming language in 1962.
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Job Control Language
Job Control Language (JCL) is a name for scripting languages used on IBM mainframe operating systems to instruct the system on how to run a batch job or start a subsystem.
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John Wiley & Sons
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., also referred to as Wiley, is a global publishing company that specializes in academic publishing.
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Label (computer science)
A label in a programming language is a sequence of characters that identifies a location within source code.
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Letter to the editor
A letter to the editor (sometimes abbreviated LTTE or LTE) is a letter sent to a publication about issues of concern from its readers.
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Lexical item
In lexicography, a lexical item (or lexical unit/ LU, lexical entry) is a single word, a part of a word, or a chain of words (.
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Library (computing)
In computer science, a library is a collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.
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Linked list
In computer science, a linked list is a linear collection of data elements, whose order is not given by their physical placement in memory.
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List of programming languages
The aim of this list of programming languages is to include all notable programming languages in existence, both those in current use and historical ones, in alphabetical order, except for dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages.
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Locale (computer software)
In computing, a locale is a set of parameters that defines the user's language, region and any special variant preferences that the user wants to see in their user interface.
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Mainframe computer
Mainframe computers (colloquially referred to as "big iron") are computers used primarily by large organizations for critical applications; bulk data processing, such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning; and transaction processing.
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Mary K. Hawes
Mary K. Hawes was a computer scientist who identified the need for a common business language in accounting, which led to the development of COBOL.
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Mass storage
In computing, mass storage refers to the storage of large amounts of data in a persisting and machine-readable fashion.
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Memory management
Memory management is a form of resource management applied to computer memory.
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Memory segmentation
Memory segmentation is the division of a computer's primary memory into segments or sections.
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Metal lathe
A metal lathe or metalworking lathe is a large class of lathes designed for precisely machining relatively hard materials.
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Metalanguage
Broadly, any metalanguage is language or symbols used when language itself is being discussed or examined.
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Method (computer programming)
A method in object-oriented programming (OOP) is a procedure associated with a message and an object.
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Micro Focus
Micro Focus International plc is a multinational software and information technology business based in Newbury, Berkshire, England.
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Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.
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MIT Press
The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (United States).
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Modular programming
Modular programming is a software design technique that emphasizes separating the functionality of a programme into independent, interchangeable modules, such that each contains everything necessary to execute only one aspect of the desired functionality.
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MVS
Multiple Virtual Storage, more commonly called MVS, was the most commonly used operating system on the System/370 and System/390 IBM mainframe computers.
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National Institute of Standards and Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is one of the oldest physical science laboratories in the United States.
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NCR Corporation
The NCR Corporation (originally National Cash Register) is a company that makes self-service kiosks, point-of-sale terminals, automated teller machines, check processing systems, barcode scanners, and business consumables.
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Newline
Newline (frequently called line ending, end of line (EOL), line feed, or line break) is a control character or sequence of control characters in a character encoding specification, e.g. ASCII or EBCDIC.
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NOP
In computer science, a NOP, no-op, or NOOP (pronounced "no op"; short for no operation) is an assembly language instruction, programming language statement, or computer protocol command that does nothing.
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Object-oriented programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods. A feature of objects is that an object's procedures can access and often modify the data fields of the object with which they are associated (objects have a notion of "this" or "self").
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OpenVMS
OpenVMS is a closed-source, proprietary computer operating system for use in general-purpose computing.
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Operating system
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
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Parameter (computer programming)
In computer programming, a parameter (often called formal parameter or formal argument) is a special kind of variable, used in a subroutine to refer to one of the pieces of data provided as input to the subroutine.
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Pascal (programming language)
Pascal is an imperative and procedural programming language, which Niklaus Wirth designed in 1968–69 and published in 1970, as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. It is named in honor of the French mathematician, philosopher and physicist Blaise Pascal. Pascal was developed on the pattern of the ALGOL 60 language. Wirth had already developed several improvements to this language as part of the ALGOL X proposals, but these were not accepted and Pascal was developed separately and released in 1970. A derivative known as Object Pascal designed for object-oriented programming was developed in 1985; this was used by Apple Computer and Borland in the late 1980s and later developed into Delphi on the Microsoft Windows platform. Extensions to the Pascal concepts led to the Pascal-like languages Modula-2 and Oberon.
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Philco
Philco (founded as Helios Electric Company, renamed Philadelphia Storage Battery Company) was a pioneer in battery, radio, and television production.
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PL/I
PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced) is a procedural, imperative computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, business and system programming uses.
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Pointer (computer programming)
In computer science, a pointer is a programming language object that stores the memory address of another value located in computer memory.
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Polymorphism (computer science)
In programming languages and type theory, polymorphism (from Greek πολύς, polys, "many, much" and μορφή, morphē, "form, shape") is the provision of a single interface to entities of different types.
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Procedural programming
Procedural programming is a programming paradigm, derived from structured programming, based upon the concept of the procedure call.
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Programming language
A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output.
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Programming Language for Business
Programming Language for Business or PL/B is a business-oriented programming language originally called DATABUS and designed by Datapoint in 1972 as an alternative to COBOL because Datapoint's 8-bit computers could not fit COBOL into their limited memory, and because COBOL did not at the time have facilities to deal with Datapoint's built-in keyboard and screen.
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Property (programming)
A property, in some object-oriented programming languages, is a special sort of class member, intermediate in functionality between a field (or data member) and a method.
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Protocol (object-oriented programming)
Protocol is a term used by particular object-oriented programming languages with a variety of specific meanings, which other languages may term interface or trait (or even Dynamic dispatch or Dependency injection), and often associated with languages from Apple Inc. (Protocol when used otherwise is akin to a Communication protocol, indicating the chain of interactions between the caller and the object.) Languages which use the term Protocol include.
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Random access
In computer science, random access (more precisely and more generally called direct access) is the ability to access any item of data from a population of addressable elements roughly as easily and efficiently as any other, no matter how many elements may be in the set.
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RCA
The RCA Corporation was a major American electronics company, which was founded as the Radio Corporation of America in 1919.
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Record locking
Record locking is the technique of preventing simultaneous access to data in a database, to prevent inconsistent results.
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Recursion
Recursion occurs when a thing is defined in terms of itself or of its type.
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Reserved word
In a computer language, a reserved word (also known as a reserved identifier) is a word that cannot be used as an identifier, such as the name of a variable, function, or label – it is "reserved from use".
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Return statement
In computer programming, a return statement causes execution to leave the current subroutine and resume at the point in the code immediately after where the subroutine was called, known as its return address.
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Roy Nutt
Roy Nutt (October 20, 1930 – June 14, 1990) was an American businessman and computer pioneer.
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Sams
Sams can refer to.
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Saul Gorn
Saul Gorn (10 November 1912 – 22 February 1992) was an American pioneer in computer and information science who was a member of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at the University of Pennsylvania for more than 30 years.
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Self-documenting code
In computer programming, self-documenting (or self-describing) source code and user interfaces follow naming conventions and structured programming conventions that enable use of the system without prior specific knowledge.
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Self-modifying code
In computer science, self-modifying code is code that alters its own instructions while it is executing – usually to reduce the instruction path length and improve performance or simply to reduce otherwise repetitively similar code, thus simplifying maintenance.
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Sequential access
In computer science, sequential access means that a group of elements (such as data in a memory array or a disk file or on magnetic tape data storage) is accessed in a predetermined, ordered sequence.
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Signedness
In computing, signedness is a property of data types representing numbers in computer programs.
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Single-entry single-exit
In graph theory, a single-entry single-exit (SESE) region in a given graph is an ordered edge pair (a, b) of distinct control flow edges a and b where.
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Smalltalk
Smalltalk is an object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language.
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Software portability
Portability in high-level computer programming is the usability of the same software in different environments.
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Spaghetti code
Spaghetti code is a pejorative phrase for unstructured and difficult to maintain source code, broadly construed.
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Sperry Corporation
Sperry Corporation (1910−1986) was a major American equipment and electronics company whose existence spanned more than seven decades of the 20th century.
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Standard library
A standard library in computer programming is the library made available across implementations of a programming language.
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Standardization
Standardization or standardisation is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments Standardization can help to maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality.
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Statement (computer science)
In computer programming, a statement is a syntactic unit of an imperative programming language that expresses some action to be carried out.
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Static variable
In computer programming, a static variable is a variable that has been allocated "statically", meaning that its lifetime (or "extent") is the entire run of the program.
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String (computer science)
In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable.
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Strong and weak typing
In computer programming, programming languages are often colloquially classified as to whether the language's type system makes it strongly typed or weakly typed (loosely typed).
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Structured programming
Structured programming is a programming paradigm aimed at improving the clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by making extensive use of the structured control flow constructs of selection (if/then/else) and repetition (while and for), block structures, and subroutines in contrast to using simple tests and jumps such as the go to statement, which can lead to "spaghetti code" that is potentially difficult to follow and maintain.
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Subroutine
In computer programming, a subroutine is a sequence of program instructions that performs a specific task, packaged as a unit.
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Substring
A substring is a contiguous sequence of characters within a string.
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Switch statement
In computer programming languages, a switch statement is a type of selection control mechanism used to allow the value of a variable or expression to change the control flow of program execution via a multiway branch.
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Sylvania Electric Products
Sylvania Electric Products was a U.S. manufacturer of diverse electrical equipment, including at various times radio transceivers, vacuum tubes, semiconductors, and mainframe computers such as MOBIDIC.
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Table (information)
A table is an arrangement of data in rows and columns, or possibly in a more complex structure.
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Text-based user interface
Text-based user interface (TUI), also called textual user interface or terminal user interface, is a retronym coined sometime after the invention of graphical user interfaces.
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The C Programming Language
The C Programming Language (sometimes termed K&R, after its authors' initials) is a computer programming book written by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, the latter of whom originally designed and implemented the language, as well as co-designed the Unix operating system with which development of the language was closely intertwined.
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The Computer Museum, Boston
The Computer Museum was a Boston, Massachusetts, museum that opened in 1979 and operated in three different locations until 1999.
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The Travelers Companies
The Travelers Companies, Inc. is an American insurance company.
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Timeline of programming languages
This is a record of historically important programming languages, by decade.
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Transaction processing
Transaction processing is information processing in computer science that is divided into individual, indivisible operations called transactions.
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Type system
In programming languages, a type system is a set of rules that assigns a property called type to the various constructs of a computer program, such as variables, expressions, functions or modules.
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Undefined behavior
In computer programming, undefined behavior (UB) is the result of executing computer code whose behavior is not prescribed by the language specification to which the code adheres, for the current state of the program.
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Unicode
Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems.
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Unique key
In database relational modeling and implementation, a unique key (also known as a candidate key) of a relation is a minimal superkey for that relation; that is, a set of attributes such that.
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United States Air Force
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial and space warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.
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United States Department of Defense
The Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government concerned directly with national security and the United States Armed Forces.
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United States Department of the Navy
The United States Department of the Navy (DoN) was established by an Act of Congress on April 30, 1798 (initiated by the recommendation of James McHenry),Bernard C. Steiner and James McHenry, (Cleveland: Burrows Brothers Co., 1907).
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UNIVAC
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) is a line of electronic digital stored-program computers starting with the products of the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation.
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University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania (commonly known as Penn or UPenn) is a private Ivy League research university located in University City section of West Philadelphia.
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Unix
Unix (trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, development starting in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.
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User-defined function
A user-defined function (UDF) is a function provided by the user of a program or environment, in a context where the usual assumption is that functions are built into the program or environment.
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UTF-8
UTF-8 is a variable width character encoding capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid code points in Unicode using one to four 8-bit bytes.
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Variable (computer science)
In computer programming, a variable or scalar is a storage location (identified by a memory address) paired with an associated symbolic name (an identifier), which contains some known or unknown quantity of information referred to as a value.
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VAX
VAX is a discontinued instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in the mid-1970s.
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Virtual Storage Access Method
Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) is an IBM DASD file storage access method, first used in the OS/VS1, OS/VS2 Release 1 (SVS) and Release 2 (MVS) operating systems, later used throughout the Multiple Virtual Storage (MVS) architecture and now in z/OS.
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Visual Basic .NET
Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) is a multi-paradigm, object-oriented programming language, implemented on the.NET Framework.
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VSE (operating system)
z/VSE (Virtual Storage Extended) is an operating system for IBM mainframe computers, the latest one in the DOS/360 lineage, which originated in 1965.
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XML
In computing, Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
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Year 2000 problem
The Year 2000 problem, also known as the Y2K problem, the Millennium bug, the Y2K bug, or Y2K, is a class of computer bugs related to the formatting and storage of calendar data for dates beginning in the year 2000.
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Z/OS
z/OS is a 64-bit operating system for IBM mainframes, produced by IBM.
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.NET Framework
.NET Framework (pronounced dot net) is a software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows.
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Redirects here:
88 level, ADD 1 TO COBOL, ADD 1 TO COBOL GIVING COBOL, COBOL (programming language), COBOL 1960, COBOL 1968, COBOL 1974, COBOL 1985, COBOL 2002, COBOL 2014, COBOL 20XX, COBOL 60, COBOL 68, COBOL 74, COBOL 85, COBOL language, COBOL programming language, COBOL-60, COBOL-68, COBOL-74, COBOL-85, COBOL68, COBOL74, COBOL85, CoBoL, Cobol, Common Business Oriented Language, Common Business-Oriented Language, Common Ordinary Business-Oriented Language, Criticism of COBOL, ISO 1989, ISO/IEC 1989, MF-COBOL, Named condition, O-O COBOL, OO COBOL, OO-COBOL, PICTURE, Picture clause, RM/COBOL, X3J4.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL
