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292 relations: Acid house, Acute kidney injury, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Addiction, Adrenaline, Adulterant, Agitator (device), Alexander Shulgin, Alpha-Methyldopamine, American Civil Liberties Union, Amphetamine, Anethole, Anhedonia, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Anterograde amnesia, Anton Köllisch, Appetite, Austin, Texas, Australian dollar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Axon terminal, Baltimore, Bath salts (drug), Bayer, Benzoic acid, Benzylpiperazine, Blood plasma, Blood pressure, Blood sugar level, Blood–brain barrier, Boston, Brain damage, Breakthrough therapy, British Columbia, Bruxism, California Pacific Medical Center, Cannabis (drug), Capsule (pharmacy), Cardiotoxicity, Catechol-O-methyltransferase, Central nervous system, Cerebral edema, Chemical classification, Chemical synapse, Chirality (chemistry), Circulatory system, Clandestine chemistry, Clinical trial, Cocaine, Cognitive deficit, ..., Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984, Concentration, Confusion, Controlled Substances Act, Convention on Psychotropic Substances, Convulsion, Cycloserine, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, Cytochrome P450, Cytosol, Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, Dance party, David E. Nichols, David Nutt, Dehydration, Depression (mood), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Diarrhea, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, Dopamine, Dopamine transporter, Dow Chemical Company, Drug Enforcement Administration, Drug interaction, Drug tolerance, Drug withdrawal, Drugs, Inc., EDMA, Electrolyte, Electronic dance music, Empathogen–entactogen, Empathy, Enantiomer, Endocytosis, Entheogen, Enzyme, Ephedrine, Erectile dysfunction, Ethnography, Ethylone, Euphoria, Euro, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Excretion, Fatigue, Fever, Food and Drug Administration, FOSB, Free base, Genitourinary system, Glycine, Grey matter, Hallucination, Heart rate, Hepatitis, Heroin, Hippocampus, House party, Human musculoskeletal system, Hydrastinine, Hyperreflexia, Hypertension, Hyperthermia, Hypertonia, Hyponatremia, Hypotension, Immunosuppression, In utero, Indication (medicine), Indonesia, Ingestion, Inhalation, Injection (medicine), Insomnia, Insufflation (medicine), International nonproprietary name, Intracranial hemorrhage, Isomerization, Isosafrole, John C. Lawn, Just Say No, Ketamine, Kidney, Leo Zeff, Lester Grinspoon, Liver, Lloyd Bentsen, Logo, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Maastricht University, Membrane transport protein, Menthol, Mephedrone, Merck Group, Mescaline, Metabolic pathway, Metabolism, Metabolite, Methamphetamine, Methylenedioxy, Methylenedioxypyrovalerone, Methylone, Microvessel, Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, MMDA (drug), Moclobemide, Monoamine neurotransmitter, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Monoamine releasing agent, Monoamine transporter, Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Mydriasis, Nancy Reagan, National Health and Medical Research Council, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Neurodegeneration, Neuroimmune system, Neuroplasticity, Neurotoxicity, Neurotransmitter, New Age, Newsweek, Norepinephrine, Norepinephrine transporter, Nucleus accumbens, Occipital lobe, Ocotea cymbarum, Opioid, Oral administration, Oxytocin, Palladium, Para-Methoxyamphetamine, Paradise Garage, Paranoia, Pathogen, Paul Grof, Pentylone, Peripheral nervous system, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Phases of clinical research, Phenelzine, Phosphorylation, Physical dependence, PiHKAL, Piperonal, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Prefrontal cortex, Prescription drug, Priority review, Profile Books, Protein kinase A, Protein kinase C, Psilocybin, Psilocybin mushroom, Psychedelic drug, Psychoactive drug, Psychological dependence, Psychopharmacology, Psychotherapy, Racemic mixture, Rate equation, Rave, Reaction intermediate, Recreational drug use, Rectal administration, Reductive amination, Respiratory system, Retrograde amnesia, Reuptake, Reuptake inhibitor, Reverse transport, Rhabdomyolysis, Ritonavir, Ronin Publishing, Safrole, SAGE Publications, San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco State University, Sassafras, Serotonergic, Serotonin, Serotonin syndrome, Serotonin transporter, Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent, Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor, Shaun the Sheep, Sigma receptor, South Carolina, Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons, Stimulant, Stimulant psychosis, Striatum, Structural analog, Studio 54, Substance dependence, Substituted amphetamine, Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine, Sympathetic nervous system, Sympathomimetic drug, Synaptic vesicle, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, Synergy, TAAR1, Tachycardia, Teratology, Toxicity, Transnational organized crime, Tranylcypromine, Trismus, Unconsciousness, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, United States Army, United States dollar, University of Chicago, University of Michigan, University of San Francisco, Urine, Vaporization, Vascular smooth muscle, Vesicular monoamine transporter, Vesicular monoamine transporter 2, Wacker process, Wayne State University, Well-being, Western Australia, White matter, World Health Organization, Yuppie, Zürich, 2,3-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-one, 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine, 5-HT1 receptor, 5-HT2 receptor. 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Acid house
Acid house is a subgenre of house music developed around the mid-1980s by DJs from Chicago.
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Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is an abrupt loss of kidney function that develops within 7 days.
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a medical condition occurring in critically ill or critically wounded patients characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs.
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Addiction
Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.
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Adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as adrenalin or epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication.
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Adulterant
An adulterant is a pejorative term for a substance found within other substances such as food, fuels or chemicals even though it is not allowed for legal or other reasons.
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Agitator (device)
An agitator is a device or mechanism to put something into motion by shaking or stirring.
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Alexander Shulgin
Alexander Theodore "Sasha" Shulgin (June 17, 1925 June 2, 2014) was an American medicinal chemist, biochemist, organic chemist, pharmacologist, psychopharmacologist, and author.
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Alpha-Methyldopamine
α-Methyldopamine (α-Me-DA), also known as 3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine (3,4-DHA), is a neurotoxin and research chemical of the catecholamine and amphetamine chemical classes.
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American Civil Liberties Union
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a nonprofit organization whose stated mission is "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States." Officially nonpartisan, the organization has been supported and criticized by liberal and conservative organizations alike.
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Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.
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Anethole
Anethole (anise camphor) is an organic compound that is widely used as a flavoring substance.
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Anhedonia
Anhedonia refers to a diverse array of deficits in hedonic function, including reduced motivation or ability to experience pleasure.
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Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ann Arbor is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County.
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Anterograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia is a loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.
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Anton Köllisch
Anton Köllisch (16 March 1888 – September 1916) was a German chemist who, whilst working at Darmstadt for pharmaceutical giant Merck, first described the synthesis of the chemical MDMA which would later come to be known as "ecstasy".
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Appetite
Appetite is the desire to eat food, sometimes due to hunger.
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Austin, Texas
Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County, with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties.
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Australian dollar
The Australian dollar (sign: $; code: AUD) is the currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including its external territories Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.
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Autonomous University of Barcelona
The Autonomous University of Barcelona also known as UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona;, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona) is a public university mostly located in Cerdanyola del Vallès, near the city of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain.
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Axon terminal
Axon terminals (also called synaptic boutons or terminal boutons) are distal terminations of the telodendria (branches) of an axon.
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Baltimore
Baltimore is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland, and the 30th-most populous city in the United States.
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Bath salts (drug)
"Bath salts" (also called "psychoactive bath salts" or "PABS") is a term used to describe a number of recreational designer drugs.
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Bayer
Bayer AG is a German multinational, pharmaceutical and life sciences company.
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Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 (or C6H5COOH), is a colorless crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid.
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Benzylpiperazine
Benzylpiperazine (BZP) is a recreational drug with euphoriant and stimulant properties. The effects produced by BZP are comparable to those produced by amphetamine. Adverse effects have been reported following its use including acute psychosis, renal toxicity and seizures. No deaths have been reported following a sole ingestion of BZP, although there have been at least two deaths from the combination of BZP and MDMA. Its sale is banned in several countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Romania and other parts of Europe.
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Blood plasma
Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells.
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Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.
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Blood sugar level
The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of humans and other animals.
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Blood–brain barrier
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Boston
Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.
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Brain damage
Brain damage or brain injury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells.
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Breakthrough therapy
Breakthrough therapy is a United States Food and Drug Administration designation that expedites drug development that was created by Congress under Section 902 of the 9 July 2012 Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act.
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British Columbia
British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.
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Bruxism
Bruxism is excessive teeth grinding or jaw clenching.
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California Pacific Medical Center
California Pacific Medical Center (CPMC) is the largest medical center of the Northern California-based Sutter Health health system and is the result of the merger of several of the longest established hospitals in San Francisco.
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Cannabis (drug)
Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the ''Cannabis'' plant intended for medical or recreational use.
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Capsule (pharmacy)
In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, encapsulation refers to a range of dosage forms—techniques used to enclose medicines—in a relatively stable shell known as a capsule, allowing them to, for example, be taken orally or be used as suppositories.
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Cardiotoxicity
Cardiotoxicity is the occurrence of heart electrophysiology dysfunction or muscle damage.
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Catechol-O-methyltransferase
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is one of several enzymes that degrade catecholamines (such as dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine), catecholestrogens, and various drugs and substances having a catechol structure.
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Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
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Cerebral edema
Cerebral edema is excess accumulation of fluid in the intracellular or extracellular spaces of the brain.
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Chemical classification
Chemical classification systems attempt to classify elements or compounds according to certain chemical functional or structural properties.
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Chemical synapse
Chemical synapses are biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be exchanged to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands.
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Chirality (chemistry)
Chirality is a geometric property of some molecules and ions.
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Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
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Clandestine chemistry
Clandestine chemistry is chemistry carried out in secret, and particularly in illegal drug laboratories.
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Clinical trial
Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.
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Cocaine
Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.
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Cognitive deficit
Cognitive deficit or cognitive impairment is an inclusive term to describe any characteristic that acts as a barrier to the cognition process.
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Commission on Narcotic Drugs
The Commission on Narcotic Drugs is one of the functional commissions of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and is the central drug policy-making body within the United Nations system.
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Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984
The Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 was the first comprehensive revision of the U.S. criminal code since the early 1900s.
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Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
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Confusion
Confusion (from Latin confusĭo, -ōnis, from confundere: "to pour together;" "to mingle together;" "to confuse") is the state of being bewildered or unclear in one’s mind about something.
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Controlled Substances Act
The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is the statute establishing federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances is regulated.
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Convention on Psychotropic Substances
The Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and psychedelics signed in Vienna, Austria on 21 February 1971.
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Convulsion
A convulsion is a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body.
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Cycloserine
Cycloserine, sold under the brand name Seromycin, is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis.
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CYP2D6
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2D6 gene.
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CYP3A4
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.
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Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.
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Cytosol
The cytosol, also known as intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix, is the liquid found inside cells.
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Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex
The Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area, the official title designated by the United States Office of Management and Budget, encompasses 13 counties within the U.S. state of Texas.
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Dance party
A dance party (also referred to as a dance) is a social gathering where dancing is the primary activity.
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David E. Nichols
David Earl Nichols (born December 23, 1944, Covington, Kentucky) is an American pharmacologist and medicinal chemist.
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David Nutt
David John Nutt (born 16 April 1951) is a British neuropsychopharmacologist specialising in the research of drugs that affect the brain and conditions such as addiction, anxiety, and sleep.
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Dehydration
In physiology, dehydration is a deficit of total body water, with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processes.
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Depression (mood)
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, tendencies, feelings, and sense of well-being.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and offers a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a condition in which blood clots form throughout the body, blocking small blood vessels.
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Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body.
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Dopamine transporter
The dopamine transporter (also dopamine active transporter, DAT, SLC6A3) is a membrane-spanning protein that pumps the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synaptic cleft back into cytosol.
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Dow Chemical Company
The Dow Chemical Company, commonly referred to as Dow, is an American multinational chemical corporation headquartered in Midland, Michigan, United States, and the predecessor of the merged company DowDuPont.
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Drug Enforcement Administration
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a United States federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Justice, tasked with combating drug smuggling and use within the United States.
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Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together.
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Drug tolerance
Drug tolerance is a pharmacological concept describing subjects' reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use.
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Drug withdrawal
Drug withdrawal is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs.
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Drugs, Inc.
Drugs, Inc. is an American documentary style television series on the National Geographic Channel that explores global narcotics production and trafficking.
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EDMA
3,4-Ethylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (EDMA) is an entactogen drug of the amphetamine class.
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Electrolyte
An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.
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Electronic dance music
Electronic dance music (also known as EDM, dance music, club music, or simply dance) is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres made largely for nightclubs, raves, and festivals.
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Empathogen–entactogen
Empathogens or entactogens are a class of psychoactive drugs that produce experiences of emotional communion, oneness, relatedness, emotional openness—that is, empathy or sympathy—as particularly observed and reported for experiences with 3,4- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).
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Empathy
Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference, i.e., the capacity to place oneself in another's position.
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Enantiomer
In chemistry, an enantiomer, also known as an optical isomer (and archaically termed antipode or optical antipode), is one of two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other that are non-superposable (not identical), much as one's left and right hands are the same except for being reversed along one axis (the hands cannot be made to appear identical simply by reorientation).
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis is a form of bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell (endo- + cytosis) by engulfing them in an energy-using process.
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Entheogen
An entheogen is a class of psychoactive substances that induce any type of spiritual experience aimed at development.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Ephedrine
Ephedrine is a medication and stimulant.
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Erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED), also known as impotence, is a type of sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity.
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Ethnography
Ethnography (from Greek ἔθνος ethnos "folk, people, nation" and γράφω grapho "I write") is the systematic study of people and cultures.
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Ethylone
Ethylone, also known as 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylcathinone (MDEC, βk-MDEA), is a recreational designer drug classified as an entactogen, stimulant, and psychedelic of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone chemical classes.
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Euphoria
Euphoria is an affective state in which a person experiences pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness.
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Euro
The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.
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European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is an agency of the European Union located in Lisbon, Portugal.
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Excretion
Excretion is the process by which metabolic waste is eliminated from an organism.
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Fatigue
Fatigue is a subjective feeling of tiredness that has a gradual onset.
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Fever
Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set-point.
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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FOSB
FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, also known as Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, FOSB or FosB, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FOSB gene.
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Free base
Free base (freebase, free-base) is the conjugate base (deprotonated) form of an amine, as opposed to its conjugate acid (protonated) form.
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Genitourinary system
The genitourinary system or urogenital system is the organ system of the reproductive organs and the urinary system.
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Glycine
Glycine (symbol Gly or G) is the amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain.
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Grey matter
Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries.
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Hallucination
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of external stimulus that has qualities of real perception.
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Heart rate
Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (bpm).
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Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.
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Heroin
Heroin, also known as diamorphine among other names, is an opioid most commonly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.
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Hippocampus
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates.
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House party
A house party is typically a type of party where medium to large groups of people gather at the residence of the party's host.
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Human musculoskeletal system
The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems.
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Hydrastinine
Hydrastinine is a semisynthetic alkaloid from the hydrolysis of the alkaloid hydrastine, which was found naturally in small quantities in Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae).
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Hyperreflexia
Hyperreflexia (or hyper-reflexia) is defined as overactive or overresponsive reflexes.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hyperthermia
Hyperthermia is elevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation that occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates.
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Hypertonia
Hypertonia is a term sometimes used synonymously with spasticity and rigidity in the literature surrounding damage to the central nervous system, namely upper motor neuron lesions.
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Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia is a low sodium level in the blood.
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Hypotension
Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation.
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Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system.
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In utero
In utero is a Latin term literally meaning "in the womb" or "in the uterus".
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Indication (medicine)
In medicine, an indication is a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.
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Ingestion
Ingestion is the consumption of a substance by an organism.
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Inhalation
Inhalation (also known as inspiration) happens when oxygen from the air enters the lungs.
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Injection (medicine)
Injection (often referred to as a "shot" in US English, or a "jab" in UK English) is the act of putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person's body using a needle (usually a hypodermic needle) and a syringe.
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Insomnia
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.
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Insufflation (medicine)
Insufflation (lit) is the act of blowing something (such as a gas, powder, or vapor) into a body cavity.
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International nonproprietary name
The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is an official generic and non-proprietary name given to a pharmaceutical drug or an active ingredient.
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Intracranial hemorrhage
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), also known as intracranial bleed, is bleeding within the skull.
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Isomerization
In chemistry isomerization (also isomerisation) is the process by which one molecule is transformed into another molecule which has exactly the same atoms, but the atoms have a different arrangement e.g. A-B-C → B-A-C (these related molecules are known as isomers). In some molecules and under some conditions, isomerization occurs spontaneously.
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Isosafrole
Isosafrole is an organic compound that is used in the fragrance industry.
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John C. Lawn
John C. "Jack" Lawn served as Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) between 26 July 1985 and 23 March 1990.
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Just Say No
"Just Say No" was an advertising campaign, part of the U.S. "War on Drugs", prevalent during the 1980s and early 1990s, to discourage children from engaging in illegal recreational drug use by offering various ways of saying no.
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Ketamine
Ketamine, sold under the brand name Ketalar among others, is a medication mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia.
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Kidney
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.
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Leo Zeff
Leo Zeff (May 14, 1912 - April 13, 1988)https://www.erowid.org/culture/characters/zeff_leo/zeff_leo.shtml was an American psychologist and psychotherapist in Oakland, California who pioneered the use of LSD, ecstasy (MDMA), and other psychoactive drugs in psychotherapy in the 1970s.
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Lester Grinspoon
Dr.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Lloyd Bentsen
Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. (February 11, 1921 – May 23, 2006) was an American politician who was a four-term United States Senator (1971–1993) from Texas and the Democratic Party nominee for vice president in 1988 on the Michael Dukakis ticket.
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Logo
A logo (abbreviation of logotype, from λόγος logos "word" and τύπος typos "imprint") is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition.
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Lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known as acid, is a psychedelic drug known for its psychological effects, which may include altered awareness of one's surroundings, perceptions, and feelings as well as sensations and images that seem real though they are not.
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Maastricht University
Maastricht University (abbreviated as UM; Universiteit Maastricht) is a public university in Maastricht, Netherlands.
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Membrane transport protein
A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane.
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Menthol
Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from corn mint, peppermint, or other mint oils.
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Mephedrone
Mephedrone, also known as 4-methyl methcathinone (4-MMC) or 4-methyl ephedrone, is a synthetic stimulant drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes.
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Merck Group
Merck KGaA, branded and commonly known as Merck, is a German multinational pharmaceutical, chemical and life sciences company headquartered in Darmstadt, with around 50,000 employees in around 70 countries.
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Mescaline
Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin.
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Metabolic pathway
In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Metabolite
A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism.
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Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.
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Methylenedioxy
Methylenedioxy is the term used in the field of chemistry, particularly in organic chemistry, for a functional group with the structural formula R-O-CH2-O-R' which is connected to the rest of a molecule by two chemical bonds.
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Methylenedioxypyrovalerone
Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a stimulant of the cathinone class which acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI).
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Methylone
Methylone (also known as "3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone", "MDMC", "βk-MDMA" and by the slang term "M1") is an empathogen and stimulant psychoactive drug.
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Microvessel
Microvessel or microvasculature refers to the smallest systems of blood vessels in a body, including those responsible for microcirculation, the system of smaller blood vessels that distribute blood within tissues.
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Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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MMDA (drug)
MMDA (3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine; 5-methoxy-MDA) is a psychedelic and entactogen drug of the amphetamine class.
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Moclobemide
Moclobemide (sold as Amira, Aurorix, Clobemix, Depnil and Manerix) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) drug primarily used to treat depression and social anxiety. It is not approved for use in the United States, but is approved in other Western countries such as the UK and Australia (TGA approved in December 2000). It is produced by affiliates of the Hoffmann–La Roche pharmaceutical company. Initially, Aurorix was also marketed by Roche in South Africa, but was withdrawn after its patent rights expired and Cipla Medpro's Depnil and Pharma Dynamic's Clorix became available at half the cost. No significant rise in blood pressure occurs when moclobemide is combined with amines such as tyramine-containing foods or pressor amine drugs, unlike with the older nonselective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which cause a severe rise in blood pressure with such combination. Due to the lack of anticholinergic, cardiovascular, cognitive and psychomotor impairments moclobemide is advantageous in the elderly as well as those with cardiovascular disease.
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Monoamine neurotransmitter
Monoamine neurotransmitters are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain (such as -CH2-CH2-). All monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes.
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).
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Monoamine releasing agent
A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the release of a monoamine neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter.
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Monoamine transporter
Monoamine transporters (MATs) are protein structures that function as integral plasma-membrane transporters to regulate concentrations of extracellular monoamine neurotransmitters.
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Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies
The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) is a membership-based 501(c)(3) organization working to raise awareness and understanding of psychedelic substances.
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Mydriasis
Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, or sometimes a physiological pupillary response.
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Nancy Reagan
Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins; July 6, 1921 – March 6, 2016) was an American film actress and the wife of Ronald Reagan, the 40th President of the United States.
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National Health and Medical Research Council
The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) is Australia's peak funding body for medical research, with a budget of roughly $900 million a year.
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National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, pronounced "NITS-uh") is an agency of the Executive Branch of the U.S. government, part of the Department of Transportation.
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National Institute on Drug Abuse
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is a United States federal-government research institute whose mission is to "lead the Nation in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction." The institute has conducted an in-depth study of addiction according to its biological, behavioral and social components.
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National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s.
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Neurodegeneration
Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons.
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Neuroimmune system
The neuroimmune system is a system of structures and processes involving the biochemical and electrophysiological interactions between the nervous system and immune system which protect neurons from pathogens.
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Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity and neural plasticity, is the ability of the brain to change throughout an individual's life, e.g., brain activity associated with a given function can be transferred to a different location, the proportion of grey matter can change, and synapses may strengthen or weaken over time.
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Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system.
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Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
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New Age
New Age is a term applied to a range of spiritual or religious beliefs and practices that developed in Western nations during the 1970s.
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Newsweek
Newsweek is an American weekly magazine founded in 1933.
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Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter.
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Norepinephrine transporter
The norepinephrine transporter (NET), also known as solute carrier family 6 member 2 (SLC6A2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A2 gene.
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Nucleus accumbens
The nucleus accumbens (NAc or NAcc), also known as the accumbens nucleus, or formerly as the nucleus accumbens septi (Latin for nucleus adjacent to the septum) is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus.
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Occipital lobe
The occipital lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals.
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Ocotea cymbarum
Ocotea cymbarum is a species of Ocotea in the Lauraceae plant family.
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Opioid
Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects.
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Oral administration
| name.
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Oxytocin
Oxytocin (Oxt) is a peptide hormone and neuropeptide.
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Palladium
Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46.
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Para-Methoxyamphetamine
para-Methoxyamphetamine (PMA; "Death", "Dr. Death"), also known as 4-methoxyamphetamine (4-MA), is a designer drug of the amphetamine class with serotonergic effects.
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Paradise Garage
The Paradise Garage, also known as "the Garage" or the "Gay-rage", was a discotheque in New York City notable in the history of modern dance and pop music, as well as LGBT and nightclub cultures.
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Paranoia
Paranoia is an instinct or thought process believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety or fear, often to the point of delusion and irrationality.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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Paul Grof
Paul Grof is a psychiatrist in Canada who was a member of the World Health Organization committee that evaluated ecstasy.
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Pentylone
Pentylone (β-Keto-Methylbenzodioxolylpentanamine, βk-Methyl-K, βk-MBDP, methylenedioxypentedrone, or 1‐(3,4‐methylenedioxyphenyl)‐2‐(methylamino)pentan‐1‐one) is a stimulant developed in the 1960s.
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Peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the two components of the nervous system, the other part is the central nervous system (CNS).
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Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs).
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered to a living organism.
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Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the steps in which scientists do experiments with a health intervention in an attempt to find enough evidence for a process which would be useful as a medical treatment.
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Phenelzine
Phenelzine (Nardil, Nardelzine) is a non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class which is used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic.
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Phosphorylation
In chemistry, phosphorylation of a molecule is the attachment of a phosphoryl group.
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Physical dependence
Physical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant physical symptoms.
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PiHKAL
PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story is a book by Dr.
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Piperonal
Piperonal, also known as heliotropin, is an organic compound which is commonly found in fragrances and flavors.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Acceptable variants of this term exist; see the Terminology section in this article.
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Prefrontal cortex
In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cerebral cortex which covers the front part of the frontal lobe.
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Prescription drug
A prescription drug (also prescription medication or prescription medicine) is a pharmaceutical drug that legally requires a medical prescription to be dispensed.
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Priority review
Priority review is a mechanism used by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to expedite the review process for drugs that are expected to have a particularly great impact on the treatment of a disease.
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Profile Books
Profile Books is a British independent book publishing firm founded in 1996.
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Protein kinase A
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKANot to be confused with pKa, the symbol for the acid dissociation constant.) is a family of enzymes whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
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Protein kinase C
Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family.
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Psilocybin
Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug compound produced by more than 200 species of mushrooms, collectively known as psilocybin mushrooms.
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Psilocybin mushroom
A psilocybin mushroom is one of a polyphyletic group of fungi that contain any of various psychedelic compounds, including psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin.
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Psychedelic drug
Psychedelics are a class of drug whose primary action is to trigger psychedelic experiences via serotonin receptor agonism, causing thought and visual/auditory changes, and altered state of consciousness.
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Psychoactive drug
A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, or psychotropic is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior.
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Psychological dependence
Psychological dependence is a form of dependence that involves emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms (e.g., a state of unease or dissatisfaction, a reduced capacity to experience pleasure, or anxiety) upon cessation of drug use or exposure to a stimulus.
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Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology (from Greek label; label; and label) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior.
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Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior and overcome problems in desired ways.
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Racemic mixture
In chemistry, a racemic mixture, or racemate, is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule.
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Rate equation
The rate law or rate equation for a chemical reaction is an equation that links the reaction rate with the concentrations or pressures of the reactants and constant parameters (normally rate coefficients and partial reaction orders).
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Rave
A rave (from the verb: to rave) is an organized dance party at a nightclub, outdoor festival, warehouse, or other private property typically featuring performances by DJs, playing a seamless flow of electronic dance music.
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Reaction intermediate
A reaction intermediate or an intermediate is a molecular entity that is formed from the reactants (or preceding intermediates) and reacts further to give the directly observed products of a chemical reaction.
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Recreational drug use
Recreational drug use is the use of a psychoactive drug to induce an altered state of consciousness for pleasure, by modifying the perceptions, feelings, and emotions of the user.
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Rectal administration
Rectal administration uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication and other fluids, which are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels,The rectum has numerous blood vessels available to absorb drugs.
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Reductive amination
Reductive amination (also known as reductive alkylation) is a form of amination that involves the conversion of a carbonyl group to an amine via an intermediate imine.
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Respiratory system
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.
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Retrograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia (RA) is a loss of memory-access to events that occurred, or information that was learned, before an injury or the onset of a disease.
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Reuptake
Reuptake is the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter located along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal (i.e., the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse) or glial cell after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse.
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Reuptake inhibitor
A reuptake inhibitor (RI) is a type of drug known as a reuptake modulator that inhibits the plasmalemmal transporter-mediated reuptake of a neurotransmitter from the synapse into the pre-synaptic neuron.
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Reverse transport
Reverse transport, or transporter reversal, is a phenomenon in which the substrates of a membrane transport protein are moved in the opposite direction to that of their typical movement by the transporter.
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Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly.
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Ritonavir
Ritonavir, sold under the trade name Norvir, is an antiretroviral medication used along with other medications to treat HIV/AIDS.
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Ronin Publishing
Ronin Publishing, Inc. is a small press in Berkeley, California, founded in 1983 and incorporated in 1985, which publishes books as tools for personal development, visionary alternatives, and expanded consciousness.
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Safrole
Safrole is a phenylpropene.
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SAGE Publications
SAGE Publishing is an independent publishing company founded in 1965 in New York by Sara Miller McCune and now based in California.
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San Francisco Chronicle
The San Francisco Chronicle is a newspaper serving primarily the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California.
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San Francisco State University
San Francisco State University (commonly referred to as San Francisco State, SF State and SFSU) is a public research university located in San Francisco, California, United States.
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Sassafras
Sassafras is a genus of three extant and one extinct species of deciduous trees in the family Lauraceae, native to eastern North America and eastern Asia.
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Serotonergic
Serotonergic or serotoninergic means "pertaining to or affecting serotonin".
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Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
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Serotonin syndrome
Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a group of symptoms that may occur following use of certain serotonergic medications or drugs.
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Serotonin transporter
The serotonin transporter (SERT or 5-HTT) also known as the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and solute carrier family 6 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A4 gene.
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Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent
A serotonin–norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), also known as a triple releasing agent (TRA), is a type of drug which induces the release of serotonin, norepinephrine/epinephrine, and dopamine in the brain and body.
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Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
A serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI), is a type of drug that acts as a combined reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
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Shaun the Sheep
Shaun the Sheep is a British stop-motion animated television series and spin-off of the Wallace and Gromit franchise.
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Sigma receptor
Schematic σ receptor The sigma receptors σ1 and σ2 bind to ligands such as 4-PPBP (4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl) piperidine), SA 4503 (cutamesine), ditolylguanidine, dimethyltryptamine, and siramesine.
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South Carolina
South Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons
The Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons (SUSMP) is an Australian legislative instrument produced by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA).
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Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects.
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Stimulant psychosis
Stimulant psychosis, also known as stimulant-induced psychotic disorder, is a psychosis symptom which involves hallucinations, paranoia, and/or delusions and typically occurs following an overdose on psychostimulants; however, it has also been reported to occur in approximately 0.1% of individuals, or 1 out of every 1,000 people, within the first several weeks after starting amphetamine or methylphenidate therapy.
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Striatum
The striatum, or corpus striatum (also called the neostriatum and the striate nucleus) is a nucleus (a cluster of neurons) in the subcortical basal ganglia of the forebrain.
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Structural analog
A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component.
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Studio 54
Studio 54 is a former nightclub and currently a Broadway theatre, located at 254 West 54th Street, between Eighth Avenue and Broadway in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
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Substance dependence
Substance dependence also known as drug dependence is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration, and which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use.
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Substituted amphetamine
Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents.
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Substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine
Substituted methylenedioxy- phenethylamines (MDxx) are a large chemical class of derivatives of the phenethylamines, which includes many psychoactive drugs that act as entactogens, psychedelics, and/or stimulants, as well as entheogens.
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Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the other being the parasympathetic nervous system.
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Sympathomimetic drug
Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system.
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Synaptic vesicle
In a neuron, synaptic vesicles (or neurotransmitter vesicles) store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse.
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Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is characterized by excessive unsuppressible release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) either from the posterior pituitary gland, or an abnormal non-pituitary source.
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Synergy
Synergy is the creation of a whole that is greater than the simple sum of its parts.
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TAAR1
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) protein that in humans is encoded by the TAAR1 gene.
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Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.
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Teratology
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development.
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Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.
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Transnational organized crime
Transnational organized crime (TOC) is organized crime coordinated across national borders, involving groups or networks of individuals working in more than one country to plan and execute illegal business ventures.
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Tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine (contracted from trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine; original trade name Parnate)Drugs.com.
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Trismus
Trismus, also called lockjaw, is reduced opening of the jaws (limited jaw range of motion).
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Unconsciousness
Unconsciousness is a state which occurs when the ability to maintain an awareness of self and environment is lost.
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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC; French: Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime) is a United Nations office that was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna.
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United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.
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United States dollar
The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.
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University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private, non-profit research university in Chicago, Illinois.
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University of Michigan
The University of Michigan (UM, U-M, U of M, or UMich), often simply referred to as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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University of San Francisco
The University of San Francisco (USF) is a Jesuit Catholic university located in San Francisco, California, United States.
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Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.
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Vaporization
Vaporization (or vapourisation) of an element or compound is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor.
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Vascular smooth muscle
Vascular smooth muscle refers to the particular type of smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels.
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Vesicular monoamine transporter
The vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) is a transport protein integrated into the membrane of synaptic vesicles of presynaptic neurons.
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Vesicular monoamine transporter 2
The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) also known as solute carrier family 18 member 2 (SLC18A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC18A2 gene.
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Wacker process
The Wacker process or the Hoechst-Wacker process (named after the chemical companies of the same name) refers to the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde in the presence of palladium(II) chloride as the catalyst.
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Wayne State University
Wayne State University (WSU) is a public research university located in Detroit, Michigan.
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Well-being
Well-being, wellbeing, or wellness is a general term for the condition of an individual or group.
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Western Australia
Western Australia (abbreviated as WA) is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia.
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White matter
White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts.
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World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.
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Yuppie
"Yuppie" (short for "young urban professional" or "young, upwardly-mobile professional") is a term coined in the early 1980s for a young professional person working in a city.
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Zürich
Zürich or Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich.
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2,3-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
2,3-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (2,3-MDMA) is a positional isomer of the recreational drug 3,4-MDMA (commonly known as Ecstasy or Molly).
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3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine ("MDEA"; also called "MDE" and colloquially, "Eve") is an empathogenic psychoactive drug.
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3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyamphetamine
3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-hydroxyamphetamine (MDOH, MDH, N-hydroxytenamphetamine) is an entactogen, psychedelic, and stimulant of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes.
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3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), is an empathogen-entactogen, psychostimulant, and psychedelic drug of the amphetamine family that is encountered mainly as a recreational drug.
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3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-one
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-one or piperonyl methyl ketone (MDP2P or PMK) is a chemical compound consisting of a phenylacetone moiety substituted with a methylenedioxy functional group.
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4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) is an active metabolite of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).
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5-HT1 receptor
The 5-HT1 receptors are a subfamily of the 5-HT serotonin receptors that bind to the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT).
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5-HT2 receptor
The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of 5-HT receptors that bind the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).
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Redirects here:
(+)-N,alpha-dimethyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine, 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-MDMA, 3,4-Methyldioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-Methylamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Adam (drug), Adverse effects of MDMA, Bikkies, Ecstacy (Drug), Ecstacy (drug), Ecstasy (drug), Ecstasy (recreational drug), Ecstasy Tablet, Ecstasy abuse, Ecstasy addiction, Ecstasy tablets, Effects of MDMA on the human body, Effects of mdma on the human body, Empathy (drug), Extacy (drug), Health effects of MDMA, Legal status of MDMA, MDMA Therapy, MDMA neurotoxicity, MDMA therapy, Mdma, Methyldioxymethamphetamine, Methylenedioxy-N-Methylamphetamine, Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine, Midomafetamine, Midomaphetamine, Molly (drug), N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Oreo Exstacy, Suicide Tuesday, Suicide tuesday, Thun Thun Thun, X (drug), X-tasy, Xtac, Xtasy.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDMA
