21 (Adele album) and 4 (Beyoncé album)

Shortcuts: Differences, Similarities, Jaccard Similarity Coefficient, References.

Difference between 21 (Adele album) and 4 (Beyoncé album)

21 (Adele album) vs. 4 (Beyoncé album)

21 is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter Adele. 4 is the fourth studio album by American singer Beyoncé.

Adele

Adele Laurie Blue Adkins (born 5 May 1988) is an English singer and songwriter.

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Album

An album is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape or another medium.

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AllMusic

AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide or AMG) is an online music guide.

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Amazon (company)

Amazon.com, Inc., doing business as Amazon, is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company based in Seattle, Washington that was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994.

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AnyDecentMusic?

AnyDecentMusic? is a website that collates album reviews from magazines, websites, and newspaper.

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AOL

AOL (formerly a company known as AOL Inc., originally known as America Online, and stylized as Aol.) is a web portal and online service provider based in New York.

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Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers

The Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers (Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas, CAPIF) is an Argentine organization member of the IFPI, which represents the music industry in the country.

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Association of Hungarian Record Companies

The Hungarian Recording Industry Association (Hungarian: Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége, more commonly abbreviated to MAHASZ or Mahasz) is the Hungarian music industry association, founded in 1992.

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Audio engineer

An audio engineer (also sometimes recording engineer or a vocal engineer) helps to produce a recording or a performance, editing and adjusting sound tracks using equalization and audio effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound.

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Audio mastering

Mastering, a form of audio post production, is the process of preparing and transferring recorded audio from a source containing the final mix to a data storage device (the master); the source from which all copies will be produced (via methods such as pressing, duplication or replication).

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Audio mixing (recorded music)

In sound recording and reproduction, audio mixing is the process of combining multitrack recordings into a final mono, stereo or surround sound product.

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Australian Recording Industry Association

The Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) is a trade group representing the Australian recording industry which was established in 1983 by six major record companies, EMI, Festival, CBS, RCA, WEA and Universal replacing the Association of Australian Record Manufacturers (AARM) which was formed in 1956.

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BBC Online

BBC Online, formerly known as BBCi, is the BBC's online service.

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Billboard (magazine)

Billboard (styled as billboard) is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Billboard-Hollywood Reporter Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries.

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Billboard 200

The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States.

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Billboard Hot 100

The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for songs, published weekly by Billboard magazine.

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CBS Interactive

CBS Interactive Inc. (formerly CBS Digital Media Group) is an American media company and is a division of the CBS Corporation.

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Chicago Tribune

The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by Tronc, Inc., formerly Tribune Publishing.

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Columbia Records

Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony.

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Compact disc

Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format that was co-developed by Philips and Sony and released in 1982.

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Consequence of Sound

Consequence of Sound (CoS) is a Chicago-based online magazine featuring news, editorials, and reviews of music and movies.

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Contemporary R&B

Contemporary R&B (also known as simply R&B), is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, pop, soul, funk, hip hop, and electronic music.

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Daily Mail

The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-marketPeter Wilby, New Statesman, 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) tabloid newspaper owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust and published in London.

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Discogs

Discogs (short for discographies) is a website and crowdsourced database of information about audio recordings, including commercial releases, promotional releases, and bootleg or off-label releases.

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Doo-wop

Doo-wop is a genre of rhythm and blues music that was developed in African-American communities in the East Coast of the United States in the 1940s, achieving mainstream popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s.

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Entertainment Weekly

Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is an American magazine, published by Meredith Corporation, that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books and popular culture.

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Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana

The Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana (FIMI) is an umbrella organization that keeps track of virtually all aspects of the music recording industry in Italy.

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French horn

The French horn (since the 1930s known simply as the "horn" in some professional music circles) is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell.

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Greg Kot

Greg Kot (born March 3, 1957) is an American writer, author and journalist.

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Hip hop music

Hip hop music, also called hip-hopMerriam-Webster Dictionary entry on hip-hop, retrieved from: A subculture especially of inner-city black youths who are typically devotees of rap music; the stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rap; also rap together with this music.

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Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs

The Hot R&B/Hip-Hop/Rap Songs is a record chart that ranks the most popular R&B and hip hop songs in the United States and is published weekly by Billboard.

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IFPI Denmark

IFPI Denmark is the Danish branch of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) and is the official charts provider and recording sales certification body for Denmark.

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International Federation of the Phonographic Industry

The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide.

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Irish Recorded Music Association

The Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA) is a non-profit association set up in 1999 to manage and control the music industry in the Republic of Ireland.

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ITunes Store

The iTunes Store is a software-based online digital media store operated by Apple Inc. It opened on April 28, 2003, and has been the largest music vendor in the United States since April 2008, and the largest music vendor in the world since February 2010.

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Kanye West

Kanye Omari West (born June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, entrepreneur and fashion designer.

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Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.

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MegaCharts

MegaCharts, since 2008 called GfK Dutch Charts, is a chart company responsible for the composition and exploitation of a broad collection of official charts in the Netherlands, of which the Single Top 100 and the Album Top 100 are the most known ones.

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Metacritic

Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products: music albums, video games, films, TV shows, and formerly, books.

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Michael Jackson

Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer.

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Music Canada

Music Canada (formerly Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA)) is a Toronto-based, non-profit trade organization that was founded 9 April 1963 to represent the interests of companies that record, manufacture, produce, promote and distribute music in Canada.

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Music download

A music download is the digital transfer of music via the Internet into a device capable of decoding and playing it, such as a home computer, MP3 player or smartphone.

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MusicOMH

musicOMH is a London-based online music magazine which publishes independent reviews, features and interviews from across all genres including classical, metal, rock and R&B.

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NME

New Musical Express (NME) is a British music journalism website and former magazine that has been published since 1952.

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NPR

National Public Radio (usually shortened to NPR, stylized as npr) is an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization based in Washington, D.C. It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States.

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Official Charts Company

The Official Charts Company, also referred to as Official Charts (previously known as the Chart Information Network (CIN) and The Official UK Charts Company) is a British inter-professional organisation that compiles various "official" record charts in the United Kingdom, including the UK Singles Chart, the UK Albums Chart, the UK Singles Downloads Chart and the UK Album Downloads Chart, as well as genre-specific and music video charts.

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Ogg

Ogg is a free, open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation.

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Oricon

, established in 1999, is the holding company at the head of a Japanese corporate group that supplies statistics and information on music and the music industry in Japan.

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Pazz & Jop

Pazz & Jop is an annual poll of musical releases compiled by American newspaper The Village Voice since 1971.

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Pitchfork (website)

Pitchfork is an American online magazine launched in 1995 by Ryan Schreiber, based in Chicago, Illinois and owned by Condé Nast.

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Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry

The Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry (Związek Producentów Audio-Video, ZPAV) is the organization that represents the interests of the music industry in Poland, and the Polish chapter of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI).

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Pop music

Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s.

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Prince (musician)

Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, musician, record producer and filmmaker.

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Pro Tools

Pro Tools is a digital audio workstation developed and released by Avid Technology for Microsoft Windows and macOS which can be used for a wide range of sound recording and sound production purposes.

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Pro-Música Brasil

Pro-Música Brasil (PMB), previously Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos (ABPD) (English: Brazilian Association of Record Producers), is an official representative body of the record labels in the Brazilian phonographic market.

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Programming (music)

Programming is a form of music production and performance using electronic devices, such as sequencers, to generate sounds of musical instruments.

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Prometheus Global Media

Prometheus Global Media was a New York City-based B2B media company.

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Recorded Music NZ

Recorded Music NZ (formerly Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ)) is a non-profit trade association of record producers, distributors and recording artists who sell music in New Zealand.

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Recording Industry Association of America

The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States.

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Recording Industry Association of America certification

In the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) awards certification based on the number of albums and singles sold through retail and other ancillary markets.

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Rolling Stone

Rolling Stone is an American monthly magazine that focuses on popular culture.

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Ryan Tedder

Ryan Benjamin Tedder (born June 26, 1979) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer.

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Slant Magazine

Slant Magazine is an American online publication that features reviews of movies, music, TV, DVDs, theater, and video games, as well as interviews with actors, directors, and musicians.

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Sony Music

Sony Music Entertainment (SME) is a Japanese-owned global music conglomerate owned by Sony and incorporated as a general partnership of Sony Music Holdings Inc. through Sony Entertainment Inc., a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America. (in Japanese), Sony Corporation The company was first founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, following its acquisition by the Columbia Broadcasting System. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records, and Sony Corporation bought the company in 1988, renaming it under its current name in 1991. In 2004, Sony and Bertelsmann established a 50-50 joint venture called Sony BMG Music Entertainment, which transferred the businesses of Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group into one entity. However, in 2008, Sony acquired Bertelsmann's stake, and the company reverted to the SME name shortly after; the buyout allowed Sony to acquire all of BMG's labels, including former Columbia Pictures subsidiary Arista Records as well as RCA Records, and led to the dissolution of BMG, which instead relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Sony Music Entertainment is the second largest of the "Big Three" record companies in the world, behind Universal Music Group (UMG) and ahead of Warner Music Group (WMG). Sony's music publishing division is the world's largest music publisher after the acquisition of EMI. It also owns SYCO Entertainment, which operates some of the world's most successful reality TV format including Got Talent and The X Factor.

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Soul music

Soul music (often referred to simply as soul) is a popular music genre that originated in the African American community in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

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Spin (magazine)

Spin is an American music magazine founded in 1985 by publisher Bob Guccione, Jr. The magazine stopped running in print in 2012 and currently runs as a webzine.

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String instrument

String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.

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Sverigetopplistan

Sverigetopplistan (lit. "Sweden top list") is the Swedish national record chart, earlier known as Topplistan (1975–1997) and Hitlistan (1998–2007) and known by its current name since October 2007, based on sales data from the Swedish Recording Industry Association (in Swedish Grammofonleverantörernas förening).

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Swedish Recording Industry Association

Grammofonleverantörernas förening (GLF), or the Swedish Recording Industry Association in English, is an organization representing the music recording industry of Sweden.

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Swiss Hitparade

The Swiss Hitparade (Schweizer Hitparade) are Switzerland's main music sales charts.

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Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique

The National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing (Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique; SNEP) is the inter-professional organization which protects the interests of the French record industry.

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Tenor saxophone

The Tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the saxophone family, a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s.

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe (sometimes abbreviated as The Globe) is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts, since its creation by Charles H. Taylor in 1872.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Irish Times

The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper launched on 29 March 1859.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The New Yorker

The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.

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The Observer

The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays.

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The Village Voice

The Village Voice is an American news and culture paper, known for being the country's first alternative newsweekly.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Tophit

Tophit is a Russian music project that deals with online distribution of new songs and music videos to radios and TV-channels respectively as well as publication of music charts, based on the quantity of radio air spins.

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Trombone

The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family.

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UK Albums Chart

The Official Albums Chart is a list of albums ranked by physical and digital sales and (from March 2015) audio streaming in the United Kingdom.

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UK Singles Chart

The UK Singles Chart (currently entitled Official Singles Chart) is compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC), on behalf of the British record industry, listing the top-selling singles in the United Kingdom, based upon physical sales, paid-for downloads and streaming.

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Ultratop

Ultratop is an organization which generates and publishes the official record charts in Belgium.

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USA Today

USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily, middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company.

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Weighted arithmetic mean

The weighted arithmetic mean is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean (the most common type of average), except that instead of each of the data points contributing equally to the final average, some data points contribute more than others.

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Yahoo! Music

Yahoo! Music, owned by Yahoo!, is the provider of a variety of music services, including Internet radio, music videos, news, artist information, and original programming.

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19 (Adele album)

19 is the debut studio album by English singer-songwriter Adele.

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2011 MTV Video Music Awards

The 2011 MTV Video Music Awards took place on August 28, at Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles, honoring the best music videos from the previous year.

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