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97 relations: Acid–base reaction, Albert Einstein, Alchemy, Amedeo Avogadro, Annales de chimie et de physique, Annals of Philosophy, Anode ray, Antoine Lavoisier, Atomic theory, August Krönig, Avogadro constant, Avogadro's law, Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron, Brownian motion, Carbon-12, Carl Friedrich Wenzel, Carl Wilhelm Oseen, Charles Adolphe Wurtz, Chemical element, Chemical engineering, Chemical formula, Chemistry, Chlorine, Chloroform, Clinical chemistry, Conservation of mass, Crystal, Dulong–Petit law, Eilhard Mitscherlich, Electrolyte, Empirical formula, Equivalent weight, Ethylene, Faraday's laws of electrolysis, Francis William Aston, Frederick Soddy, Gay-Lussac's law, Gram, Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle, Gravity, Heat capacity, Hydrogen, Ideal gas law, International Committee for Weights and Measures, International System of Quantities, International System of Units, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, Internet Archive, Ion, ..., Isomorphism, Isotope, J. J. Thomson, Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Jean Baptiste Perrin, Jeremias Benjamin Richter, Johann Josef Loschmidt, John Dalton, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Joseph Proust, Karlsruhe Congress, Kinetic theory of gases, Law of definite proportions, Law of multiple proportions, Loschmidt constant, Mass concentration (chemistry), Mass spectrometry, Metallurgist, Michael Faraday, Mikhail Lomonosov, Molar concentration, Molar mass, Molar volume, Mole (unit), Mole fraction, Nobel Prize in Physics, Particle number, Pierre Larousse, Pound (mass), Proportionality (mathematics), Prout's hypothesis, Pure and Applied Chemistry, Quantity, Relative atomic mass, Rudolf Clausius, Salt (chemistry), SI base unit, Sodium, Sodium chloride, Standard conditions for temperature and pressure, Stoichiometry, Svante Arrhenius, Theodore William Richards, Whole number rule, Wilhelm Ostwald, William Prout. Expand index (47 more) »
Acid–base reaction
An acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base, which can be used to determine pH.
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Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).
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Alchemy
Alchemy is a philosophical and protoscientific tradition practiced throughout Europe, Africa, Brazil and Asia.
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Amedeo Avogadro
Amedeo Carlo Avogadro, Count of Quaregna and Cerreto (9 August 17769 July 1856), was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contribution to molecular theory now known as Avogadro's law, which states that equal volumes of gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure will contain equal numbers of molecules.
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Annales de chimie et de physique
Annales de chimie et de physique (French for Annals of Chemistry and of Physics) is a scientific journal that was founded in Paris, France, in 1789 under the title Annales de chimie.
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Annals of Philosophy
Annals of Philosophy was a learned journal founded in 1813 by the Scottish chemist Thomas Thomson.
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Anode ray
An anode ray (also positive ray or canal ray) is a beam of positive ions that is created by certain types of gas-discharge tubes.
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Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution;; 26 August 17438 May 1794) CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.
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Atomic theory
In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.
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August Krönig
August Karl Krönig (20 September 1822 – 5 June 1879) was a German chemist and physicist who published an account of the kinetic theory of gases in 1856, probably after reading a paper by John James Waterston.
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Avogadro constant
In chemistry and physics, the Avogadro constant (named after scientist Amedeo Avogadro) is the number of constituent particles, usually atoms or molecules, that are contained in the amount of substance given by one mole.
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Avogadro's law
Avogadro's law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's principle) is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present.
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Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron
Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron (26 February 1799 – 28 January 1864) was a French engineer and physicist, one of the founders of thermodynamics.
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Brownian motion
Brownian motion or pedesis (from πήδησις "leaping") is the random motion of particles suspended in a fluid (a liquid or a gas) resulting from their collision with the fast-moving molecules in the fluid.
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Carbon-12
Carbon-12 is the more abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (Carbon-13 being the other), amounting to 98.93% of the element carbon; its abundance is due to the triple-alpha process by which it is created in stars.
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Carl Friedrich Wenzel
Carl Friedrich Wenzel (February 26, 1793) was a German chemist and metallurgist who determined the reaction rates of various chemicals, establishing, for example, that the amount of metal that dissolves in an acid is proportional to the concentration of acid in the solution.
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Carl Wilhelm Oseen
Carl Wilhelm Oseen (17 April 1879, Lund – 7 November 1944, Uppsala) was a theoretical physicist in Uppsala and Director of the Nobel Institute for Theoretical Physics in Stockholm.
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Charles Adolphe Wurtz
Charles Adolphe Wurtz (26 November 1817 – 10 May 1884) was an Alsatian French chemist.
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Chemical element
A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z).
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Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that uses principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics and economics to efficiently use, produce, transform, and transport chemicals, materials and energy.
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Chemical formula
A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.
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Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.
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Chlorine
Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.
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Chloroform
Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with formula CHCl3.
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Clinical chemistry
Clinical chemistry (also known as chemical pathology, clinical biochemistry or medical biochemistry) is the area of chemistry that is generally concerned with analysis of bodily fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Conservation of mass
The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as system's mass cannot change, so quantity cannot be added nor removed.
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Crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
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Dulong–Petit law
The Dulong–Petit law, a thermodynamic law proposed in 1819 by French physicists Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit, states the classical expression for the molar specific of certain chemical elements.
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Eilhard Mitscherlich
Eilhard Mitscherlich (7 January 1794 – 28 August 1863) was a German chemist, who is perhaps best remembered today for his discovery of the phenomenon of isomorphism (crystallography) in 1819.
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Electrolyte
An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.
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Empirical formula
In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest positive integer ratio of atoms present in a compound.
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Equivalent weight
Equivalent weight (also known as gram equivalent) is a term which has been used in several contexts in chemistry.
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Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or H2C.
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Faraday's laws of electrolysis
Faraday's laws of electrolysis are quantitative relationships based on the electrochemical researches published by Michael Faraday in 1834.
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Francis William Aston
Francis William Aston FRS (1 September 1877 – 20 November 1945) was an English chemist and physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole number rule.
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Frederick Soddy
Frederick Soddy FRS (2 September 1877 – 22 September 1956) was an English radiochemist who explained, with Ernest Rutherford, that radioactivity is due to the transmutation of elements, now known to involve nuclear reactions.
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Gay-Lussac's law
Gay-Lussac's law can refer to several discoveries made by French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778–1850) and other scientists in the late 18th and early 19th centuries pertaining to thermal expansion of gases and the relationship between temperature, volume, and pressure.
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Gram
The gram (alternative spelling: gramme; SI unit symbol: g) (Latin gramma, from Greek γράμμα, grámma) is a metric system unit of mass.
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Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle
The Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle (Great Universal Dictionary of the 19th Century), often called the Grand Larousse du dix-neuvième, is a French encyclopedic dictionary.
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Gravity
Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.
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Heat capacity
Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a measurable physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting temperature change.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.
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Ideal gas law
The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas.
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International Committee for Weights and Measures
The International Committee for Weights and Measures (abbreviated CIPM from the French Comité international des poids et mesures) consists of eighteen persons, each of a different nationality, from Member States of the Metre Convention (Convention du Mètre) appointed by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) whose principal task is to promote worldwide uniformity in units of measurement by taking direct action or by submitting proposals to the CGPM.
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International System of Quantities
The International System of Quantities (ISQ) is a system based on seven base quantities: length, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity.
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International System of Units
The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French Système international (d'unités)) is the modern form of the metric system, and is the most widely used system of measurement.
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International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations that represents chemists in individual countries.
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International Union of Pure and Applied Physics
The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) is an international non-governmental organization whose mission is to assist in the worldwide development of physics, to foster international cooperation in physics, and to help in the application of physics toward solving problems of concern to humanity.
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Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge." It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books.
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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Isomorphism
In mathematics, an isomorphism (from the Ancient Greek: ἴσος isos "equal", and μορφή morphe "form" or "shape") is a homomorphism or morphism (i.e. a mathematical mapping) that can be reversed by an inverse morphism.
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Isotope
Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number.
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J. J. Thomson
Sir Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle.
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Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Jr. (30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch physical chemist.
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Jöns Jacob Berzelius
Baron Jöns Jacob Berzelius (20 August 1779 – 7 August 1848), named by himself and contemporary society as Jacob Berzelius, was a Swedish chemist.
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Jean Baptiste Perrin
Jean Baptiste Perrin (30 September 1870 – 17 April 1942) was a French physicist who, in his studies of the Brownian motion of minute particles suspended in liquids, verified Albert Einstein’s explanation of this phenomenon and thereby confirmed the atomic nature of matter (sedimentation equilibrium).
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Jeremias Benjamin Richter
Jeremias Benjamin Richter (10 March 1762 – 14 April 1807) was a German chemist.
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Johann Josef Loschmidt
Johann Josef Loschmidt (15 March 1821 – 8 July 1895), who referred to himself mostly as Josef Loschmidt (omitting his first name), was a notable Austrian scientist who performed ground-breaking work in chemistry, physics (thermodynamics, optics, electrodynamics), and crystal forms.
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John Dalton
John Dalton FRS (6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist.
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Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (also Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac; 6 December 1778 – 9 May 1850) was a French chemist and physicist.
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Joseph Proust
Joseph Louis Proust (26 September 1754 – 5 July 1826) was a French chemist.
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Karlsruhe Congress
The Karlsruhe Congress was an international meeting of chemists held in Karlsruhe, Germany from 3 to 5 September 1860.
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Kinetic theory of gases
The kinetic theory describes a gas as a large number of submicroscopic particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant rapid motion that has randomness arising from their many collisions with each other and with the walls of the container.
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Law of definite proportions
In chemistry, the law of definite proportion, sometimes called Proust's law or the law of definite composition, or law of constant composition states that a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by mass) and does not depend on its source and method of preparation.
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Law of multiple proportions
In chemistry, the law of multiple proportions is one of the basic laws of stoichiometry used to establish the atomic theory, alongside the law of conservation of mass (matter) and the law of definite proportions.
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Loschmidt constant
The Loschmidt constant or Loschmidt's number (symbol: n0) is the number of particles (atoms or molecules) of an ideal gas in a given volume (the number density).
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Mass concentration (chemistry)
In chemistry, the mass concentration is defined as the mass of a constituent divided by the volume of the mixture: For a pure chemical the mass concentration equals its density (mass divided by volume); thus the mass concentration of a component in a mixture can be called the density of a component in a mixture.
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Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
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Metallurgist
Definition: Metallurgist also known as metallurgical engineers or material science engineers is a material scientist or technician who specializes in metals.
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Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday FRS (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
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Mikhail Lomonosov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (ləmɐˈnosəf|a.
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Molar concentration
Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution.
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Molar mass
In chemistry, the molar mass M is a physical property defined as the mass of a given substance (chemical element or chemical compound) divided by the amount of substance.
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Molar volume
The molar volume, symbol Vm, is the volume occupied by one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) at a given temperature and pressure.
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Mole (unit)
The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance.
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Mole fraction
In chemistry, the mole fraction or molar fraction (xi) is defined as the amount of a constituent (expressed in moles), ni, divided by the total amount of all constituents in a mixture (also expressed in moles), ntot: The sum of all the mole fractions is equal to 1: The same concept expressed with a denominator of 100 is the mole percent or molar percentage or molar proportion (mol%).
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Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.
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Particle number
The particle number (or number of particles) of a thermodynamic system, conventionally indicated with the letter N, is the number of constituent particles in that system.
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Pierre Larousse
Pierre Athanase Larousse (October 23, 1817January 3, 1875) was a French grammarian, lexicographer and encyclopaedist.
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Pound (mass)
The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in the imperial, United States customary and other systems of measurement.
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Proportionality (mathematics)
In mathematics, two variables are proportional if there is always a constant ratio between them.
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Prout's hypothesis
Prout's hypothesis was an early 19th-century attempt to explain the existence of the various chemical elements through a hypothesis regarding the internal structure of the atom.
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Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pure and Applied Chemistry (abbreviated Pure Appl. Chem.) is the official journal for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
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Quantity
Quantity is a property that can exist as a multitude or magnitude.
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Relative atomic mass
Relative atomic mass (symbol: A) or atomic weight is a dimensionless physical quantity defined as the ratio of the average mass of atoms of a chemical element in a given sample to one unified atomic mass unit.
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Rudolf Clausius
Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founders of the science of thermodynamics.
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Salt (chemistry)
In chemistry, a salt is an ionic compound that can be formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.
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SI base unit
The International System of Units (SI) defines seven units of measure as a basic set from which all other SI units can be derived.
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Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
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Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
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Standard conditions for temperature and pressure
Standard conditions for temperature and pressure are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements to be established to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data.
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Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.
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Svante Arrhenius
Svante August Arrhenius (19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Nobel-Prize winning Swedish scientist, originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, and one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry.
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Theodore William Richards
Theodore William Richards (January 31, 1868 – April 2, 1928) was the first American scientist to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, earning the award "in recognition of his exact determinations of the atomic weights of a large number of the chemical elements.".
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Whole number rule
The whole number rule states that the masses of the isotopes are whole number multiples of the mass of the hydrogen atom.
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Wilhelm Ostwald
Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (2 September 1853 – 4 April 1932) was a German chemist.
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William Prout
William Prout FRS (15 January 1785 – 9 April 1850) was an English chemist, physician, and natural theologian.
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Redirects here:
Amount in moles, Chemical amount, Number of moles.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amount_of_substance
