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60 relations: Acyltransferase, Agonist, AM404, Amide, Analgesic, Anxiolytic, Arachidonic acid, Ānanda (Hindu philosophy), Bile acid, Biomarker, Blastocyst, Cannabinoid, Cannabinoid receptor, Cannabis (drug), Deoxycholic acid, Embryo, Endocannabinoid transporter, Essential fatty acid, Estradiol, Ethanolamine, Fatty acid, Fatty acid amide hydrolase, Fatty acid-binding protein, Forebrain, Gastrointestinal tract, Gonadotropin, Guineesine, Half-life, Happiness, Heat shock protein, Hsp70, Immune system, Infertility, Lecithin, Lipogenesis, List of AM cannabinoids, Lumír Ondřej Hanuš, N-acetylphosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolysing phospholipase D, N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine, NAPE-PLD, Neurobiological effects of physical exercise, Neurotransmitter, Nucleus accumbens, Oleoylethanolamide, Ovulation, Paracetamol, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phospholipase A2, Phospholipase C, Predictive value of tests, ..., Prodrug, Prostamide, Raphael Mechoulam, Reuptake inhibitor, Sanskrit, Tetrahydrocannabinol, TRPV1, Uterus, Virodhamine, 2-Arachidonoylglycerol. Expand index (10 more) »
Acyltransferase
Acyltransferase is a type of transferase enzyme that acts upon acyl groups.
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Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.
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AM404
AM404, also known as N-arachidonoylaminophenol, is an active metabolite of paracetamol (acetaminophen), responsible for all or part of its analgesic action and anticonvulsant effects.
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Amide
An amide (or or), also known as an acid amide, is a compound with the functional group RnE(O)xNR′2 (R and R′ refer to H or organic groups).
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Analgesic
An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain.
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Anxiolytic
An anxiolytic (also antipanic or antianxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that inhibits anxiety.
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Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6).
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Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)
Ānanda (Sanskrit: आनन्द) literally means bliss or happiness.
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Bile acid
Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates.
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Biomarker
A biomarker, or biological marker, generally refers to a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition.
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Blastocyst
The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of mammals.
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Cannabinoid
A cannabinoid is one of a class of diverse chemical compounds that acts on cannabinoid receptors in cells that alter neurotransmitter release in the brain.
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Cannabinoid receptor
Cannabinoid receptors, located throughout the body, are part of the endocannabinoid system, which is involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory.
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Cannabis (drug)
Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the ''Cannabis'' plant intended for medical or recreational use.
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Deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic acid (conjugate base deoxycholate), also known as cholanoic acid, Kybella, Celluform Plus, Belkyra, and 3α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid, is a bile acid.
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Embryo
An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.
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Endocannabinoid transporter
The endocannabinoid transporters (eCBTs) are transport proteins for the endocannabinoids.
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Essential fatty acid
Essential fatty acids, or EFAs, are fatty acids that humans and other animals must ingest because the body requires them for good health but cannot synthesize them.
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Estradiol
Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone.
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Ethanolamine
Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine, ETA, or MEA) is an organic chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH2NH2.
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Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
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Fatty acid amide hydrolase
Fatty acid amide hydrolase or FAAH (oleamide hydrolase, anandamide amidohydrolase) is a member of the serine hydrolase family of enzymes.
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Fatty acid-binding protein
The fatty-acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of transport proteins for fatty acids and other lipophilic substances such as eicosanoids and retinoids.
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Forebrain
In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates, the forebrain or prosencephalon is the rostral-most (forward-most) portion of the brain.
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Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.
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Gonadotropin
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein polypeptide hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates.
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Guineesine
Guineesine (or guineensine) is an alkaloid isolated from long pepper (Piper longum) and black pepper (Piper nigrum).
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Half-life
Half-life (symbol t1⁄2) is the time required for a quantity to reduce to half its initial value.
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Happiness
In psychology, happiness is a mental or emotional state of well-being which can be defined by positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy.
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Heat shock protein
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins that are produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions.
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Hsp70
The 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins (Hsp70s or DnaK) are a family of conserved ubiquitously expressed heat shock proteins.
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Immune system
The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.
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Infertility
Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.
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Lecithin
Lecithin (from the Greek lekithos, "egg yolk") is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues, which are amphiphilic – they attract both water and fatty substances (and so are both hydrophilic and lipophilic), and are used for smoothing food textures, dissolving powders (emulsifying), homogenizing liquid mixtures, and repelling sticking materials.
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Lipogenesis
Lipogenesis is the process by which acetyl-CoA is converted to fatty acids.
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List of AM cannabinoids
Alexandros Makriyannis is a professor in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry at Northeastern University, where his research group has synthesized many new compounds with cannabinoid activity.
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Lumír Ondřej Hanuš
Lumír Ondřej Hanuš (לומיר הנוש) is a Czech analytic chemist and leading authority in the field of cannabis research.
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N-acetylphosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolysing phospholipase D
N-acetylphosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD, anandamide-generating phospholipase D, N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D, NAPE-hydrolyzing phospholipase D) is an enzyme with systematic name N-acetylphosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidohydrolase.
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N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine
N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) are hormones released by the small intestine into the bloodstream when it processes fat.
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NAPE-PLD
NAPE-PLD may refer to.
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Neurobiological effects of physical exercise
The are numerous and involve a wide range of interrelated effects on brain structure, brain function, and cognition.
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Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
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Nucleus accumbens
The nucleus accumbens (NAc or NAcc), also known as the accumbens nucleus, or formerly as the nucleus accumbens septi (Latin for nucleus adjacent to the septum) is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus.
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Oleoylethanolamide
Oleoylethanolamine (OEA) is an endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) agonist.
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Ovulation
Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries.
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Paracetamol
--> Acetanilide was the first aniline derivative serendipitously found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the name of Antifebrin by A. Cahn and P. Hepp in 1886. But its unacceptable toxic effects, the most alarming being cyanosis due to methemoglobinemia, prompted the search for less toxic aniline derivatives. Harmon Northrop Morse had already synthesised paracetamol at Johns Hopkins University via the reduction of ''p''-nitrophenol with tin in glacial acetic acid in 1877, but it was not until 1887 that clinical pharmacologist Joseph von Mering tried paracetamol on humans. In 1893, von Mering published a paper reporting on the clinical results of paracetamol with phenacetin, another aniline derivative. Von Mering claimed that, unlike phenacetin, paracetamol had a slight tendency to produce methemoglobinemia. Paracetamol was then quickly discarded in favor of phenacetin. The sales of phenacetin established Bayer as a leading pharmaceutical company. Overshadowed in part by aspirin, introduced into medicine by Heinrich Dreser in 1899, phenacetin was popular for many decades, particularly in widely advertised over-the-counter "headache mixtures", usually containing phenacetin, an aminopyrine derivative of aspirin, caffeine, and sometimes a barbiturate. Paracetamol is the active metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide, both once popular as analgesics and antipyretics in their own right. However, unlike phenacetin, acetanilide and their combinations, paracetamol is not considered carcinogenic at therapeutic doses. Von Mering's claims remained essentially unchallenged for half a century, until two teams of researchers from the United States analyzed the metabolism of acetanilide and paracetamol. In 1947 David Lester and Leon Greenberg found strong evidence that paracetamol was a major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and in a subsequent study they reported that large doses of paracetamol given to albino rats did not cause methemoglobinemia. In three papers published in the September 1948 issue of the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bernard Brodie, Julius Axelrod and Frederick Flinn confirmed using more specific methods that paracetamol was the major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and established that it was just as efficacious an analgesic as its precursor. They also suggested that methemoglobinemia is produced in humans mainly by another metabolite, phenylhydroxylamine. A follow-up paper by Brodie and Axelrod in 1949 established that phenacetin was also metabolised to paracetamol. This led to a "rediscovery" of paracetamol. It has been suggested that contamination of paracetamol with 4-aminophenol, the substance von Mering synthesised it from, may be the cause for his spurious findings. Paracetamol was first marketed in the United States in 1950 under the name Triagesic, a combination of paracetamol, aspirin, and caffeine. Reports in 1951 of three users stricken with the blood disease agranulocytosis led to its removal from the marketplace, and it took several years until it became clear that the disease was unconnected. Paracetamol was marketed in 1953 by Sterling-Winthrop Co. as Panadol, available only by prescription, and promoted as preferable to aspirin since it was safe for children and people with ulcers. In 1955, paracetamol was marketed as Children's Tylenol Elixir by McNeil Laboratories. In 1956, 500 mg tablets of paracetamol went on sale in the United Kingdom under the trade name Panadol, produced by Frederick Stearns & Co, a subsidiary of Sterling Drug Inc. In 1963, paracetamol was added to the British Pharmacopoeia, and has gained popularity since then as an analgesic agent with few side-effects and little interaction with other pharmaceutical agents. Concerns about paracetamol's safety delayed its widespread acceptance until the 1970s, but in the 1980s paracetamol sales exceeded those of aspirin in many countries, including the United Kingdom. This was accompanied by the commercial demise of phenacetin, blamed as the cause of analgesic nephropathy and hematological toxicity. In 1988 Sterling Winthrop was acquired by Eastman Kodak which sold the over the counter drug rights to SmithKline Beecham in 1994. Available without a prescription since 1959, it has since become a common household drug. Patents on paracetamol have long expired, and generic versions of the drug are widely available.
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Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidylethanolamines are a class of phospholipids found in biological membranes.
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Phospholipase A2
Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are enzymes that release fatty acids from the second carbon group of glycerol.
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Phospholipase C
Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of membrane-associated enzymes that cleave phospholipids just before the phosphate group (see figure).
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Predictive value of tests
Predictive value of tests is the probability of a target condition (for example a disease) given by the result of a test, often in regard to medical tests.
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Prodrug
A prodrug is a medication or compound that, after administration, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug.
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Prostamide
Prostamides are a class of physiologically active, lipid-like substances chemically related to prostaglandins.
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Raphael Mechoulam
Raphael Mechoulam (רפאל משולם) (born 1930) is an Israeli organic chemist and professor of Medicinal Chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel.
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Reuptake inhibitor
A reuptake inhibitor (RI) is a type of drug known as a reuptake modulator that inhibits the plasmalemmal transporter-mediated reuptake of a neurotransmitter from the synapse into the pre-synaptic neuron.
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Sanskrit
Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.
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Tetrahydrocannabinol
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is one of at least 113 cannabinoids identified in cannabis.
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TRPV1
The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1), also known as the capsaicin receptor and the vanilloid receptor 1, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TRPV1 gene.
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Uterus
The uterus (from Latin "uterus", plural uteri) or womb is a major female hormone-responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals.
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Virodhamine
Virodhamine (O-arachidonoyl ethanolamine; O-AEA) is an endocannabinoid and a nonclassic eicosanoid, derived from arachidonic acid.
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2-Arachidonoylglycerol
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an endocannabinoid, an endogenous agonist of the CB1 receptor and the primary endogenous ligand for the CB2 receptor.
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Redirects here:
Arachidonoyl ethanolamide, Arachidonoylethanolamide, Arachidonoylethanolamine, N-Arachidonoylethanolamine.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandamide
