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Apportionment (politics)

Index Apportionment (politics)

Apportionment is the process by which seats in a legislative body are distributed among administrative divisions entitled to representation. [1]

130 relations: Administrative division, Afrikaner Party, Aftenposten, Apartheid, Apportionment in the European Parliament, Apportionment paradox, Article Five of the United States Constitution, Article Four of the United States Constitution, Article One of the United States Constitution, Article Two of the United States Constitution, Australian Senate, Baker v. Carr, Bicameralism, Boundary commissions (United Kingdom), Canada, Census, Charlottetown (electoral district), Chief Justice of the United States, Congress of Deputies, Connecticut Compromise, Constitution of Australia, Constitution of Ireland, Constitutional Convention (United States), Counties of Norway, Country quota, County, D. F. Malan, Dáil Éireann, Dáil constituencies, Democratic Party (United States), Denmark, Earl Warren, East Ham (UK Parliament constituency), Electoral College (United States), Electoral Reform Society, Equal Protection Clause, Equity (law), Evenwel v. Abbott, Federal government of the United States, Federalist No. 39, Federation, First-past-the-post voting, Floterial district, Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Gerrymandering, Herenigde Nasionale Party, History of 19th-century congressional redistricting in Ohio, House of Representatives (Japan), Isle of Wight (UK Parliament constituency), Israel, ..., James Madison, Jan Smuts, Judicial review, Labour Party (UK), Largest remainder method, Legislature, List of U.S. states and territories by population, List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies, Mexico, Minority language, Na h-Eileanan an Iar (UK Parliament constituency), National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, Netherlands, New Hampshire, Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives, Norwegian parliamentary election, 2009, One man, one vote, Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency), Parallel voting, Parliamentary system, Party-list proportional representation, Peace River (electoral district), Perpetual Union, Playmander, Plurality voting, Political party, Political system, Popular vote (representative democracy), Precinct, Prefectures of Japan, President of the United States, Puerto Rico, Queensland, Ratio, Reapportionment Act of 1929, Redistricting, Representation (politics), Republican Party (United States), Reynolds v. Sims, Rotten and pocket boroughs, Secession, Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Single transferable vote, Single-issue politics, Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, Social equality, South African general election, 1948, South Australia, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Standard deviation, Storting, Supreme Court of Ireland, Supreme Court of the United States, Swing state, Teachta Dála, Territories of the United States, Tip O'Neill, Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, Two-party system, U.S. state, United Kingdom general election, 1945, United Party (South Africa), United States, United States Census, United States congressional apportionment, United States Constitution, United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, United States House of Representatives, United States presidential election, 1824, United States presidential election, 1876, United States presidential election, 1888, United States presidential election, 2000, United States presidential election, 2016, United States Senate, Vice President of the United States, Voting Rights Act of 1965, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Western Australia. Expand index (80 more) »

Administrative division

An administrative division, unit, entity, area or region, also referred to as a subnational entity, statoid, constituent unit, or country subdivision, is a portion of a country or other region delineated for the purpose of administration.

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Afrikaner Party

The Afrikaner Party (AP) was a South African political party from 1941 to 1951.

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Aftenposten

Aftenposten (Norwegian for "The Evening Post") is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation.

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Apartheid

Apartheid started in 1948 in theUnion of South Africa |year_start.

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Apportionment in the European Parliament

The apportionment of seats within the European Parliament to each member state of the European Union is set out by the EU treaties.

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Apportionment paradox

An apportionment paradox exists when the rules for apportionment in a political system produce results which are unexpected or seem to violate common sense.

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Article Five of the United States Constitution

Article Five of the United States Constitution describes the process whereby the Constitution, the nation's frame of government, may be altered.

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Article Four of the United States Constitution

Article Four of the United States Constitution outlines the relationship between each state and the others, and the several States and the federal government.

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Article One of the United States Constitution

Article One of the United States Constitution establishes the legislative branch of the federal government, the United States Congress.

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Article Two of the United States Constitution

Article Two of the United States Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government, which carries out and enforces federal laws.

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Australian Senate

The Australian Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives.

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Baker v. Carr

Baker v. Carr,, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that decided that redistricting (attempts to change the way voting districts are delineated) issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in and to decide redistricting cases.

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Bicameralism

A bicameral legislature divides the legislators into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses.

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Boundary commissions (United Kingdom)

The boundary commissions in the United Kingdom are non-departmental public bodies responsible for determining the boundaries of constituencies for elections to the House of Commons, the Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Census

A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population.

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Charlottetown (electoral district)

Charlottetown (formerly Hillsborough) is a federal electoral district in Prince Edward Island, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004.

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Chief Justice of the United States

The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and thus the head of the United States federal court system, which functions as the judicial branch of the nation's federal government.

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Congress of Deputies

The Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados; Diputatuen Kongresua; Congrés dels Diputats; Congreso dos Deputados) is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch.

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Connecticut Compromise

The Connecticut Compromise (also known as the Great Compromise of 1787 or Sherman Compromise) was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution.

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Constitution of Australia

The Constitution of Australia is the supreme law under which the government of the Commonwealth of Australia operates, including its relationship to the States of Australia.

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Constitution of Ireland

The Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann) is the fundamental law of the Republic of Ireland.

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Constitutional Convention (United States)

The Constitutional Convention (also known as the Philadelphia Convention, the Federal Convention, or the Grand Convention at Philadelphia) took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in the old Pennsylvania State House (later known as Independence Hall because of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence there eleven years before) in Philadelphia.

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Counties of Norway

Norway is divided into 18 administrative regions, called counties (singular fylke, plural fylker (Bokmål) / fylke (Nynorsk) from Old Norse: fylki from the word "folk"); until 1918, they were known as amter.

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Country quota

The country quota was a part of the New Zealand electoral system from 1881 until 1945.

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County

A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes,Chambers Dictionary, L. Brookes (ed.), 2005, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, Edinburgh in certain modern nations.

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D. F. Malan

Daniel François Malan (22 May 1874 – 7 February 1959), more commonly known as D. F. Malan, was a South African politician who served as Prime Minister of South Africa from 1948 to 1954.

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Dáil Éireann

Dáil Éireann (lit. Assembly of Ireland) is the lower house, and principal chamber, of the Oireachtas (Irish legislature), which also includes the President of Ireland and Seanad Éireann (the upper house).

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Dáil constituencies

There are currently 40 multi-member constituencies, that democratically elect 158 TDs (members of parliament), to Dáil Éireann (Ireland's lower house), usually every five years.

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Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party (nicknamed the GOP for Grand Old Party).

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Earl Warren

Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American jurist and politician who served as the 30th Governor of California (1943–1953) and later the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (1953–1969).

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East Ham (UK Parliament constituency)

East Ham is a constituency in the London Borough of Newham represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since its creation in 1997 by Stephen Timms of the Labour Party.

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Electoral College (United States)

The United States Electoral College is the mechanism established by the United States Constitution for the election of the president and vice president of the United States by small groups of appointed representatives, electors, from each state and the District of Columbia.

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Electoral Reform Society

The Electoral Reform Society (ERS) is a political pressure group based in the United Kingdom which promotes electoral reform.

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Equal Protection Clause

The Equal Protection Clause is part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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Equity (law)

In jurisdictions following the English common law system, equity is the body of law which was developed in the English Court of Chancery and which is now administered concurrently with the common law.

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Evenwel v. Abbott

Evenwel v. Abbott,, was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the principle of one person, one vote, under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution allows states to use total population, not just total voting-eligible population, to draw legislative districts.

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government) is the national government of the United States, a constitutional republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories.

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Federalist No. 39

Federalist No.

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Federation

A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central (federal) government.

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First-past-the-post voting

A first-past-the-post (FPTP) voting method is one in which voters indicate on a ballot the candidate of their choice, and the candidate who receives the most votes wins.

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Floterial district

A floterial district is a legislative district that includes several separate districts that independently would not be entitled to additional representation, but whose combined population entitles the area to another seat in the legislative body.

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Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.

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Gerrymandering

Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries.

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Herenigde Nasionale Party

The Herenigde Nasionale Party (Reunited National Party) was a political party in South Africa during the 1940s.

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History of 19th-century congressional redistricting in Ohio

The redistricting of United States congressional districts is made by the legislatures of the states every 10 years, immediately following the official announcement of the federal census that serves as the basis of the apportionment.

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House of Representatives (Japan)

The is the lower house of the National Diet of Japan.

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Isle of Wight (UK Parliament constituency)

Isle of Wight is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2017 by Bob Seely of the Conservative Party.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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James Madison

James Madison Jr. (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817.

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Jan Smuts

Field Marshal Jan Christiaan Smuts (24 May 1870 11 September 1950) was a prominent South African and British Commonwealth statesman, military leader and philosopher.

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Judicial review

Judicial review is a process under which executive or legislative actions are subject to review by the judiciary.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom.

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Largest remainder method

The largest remainder method (also known as Hare-Niemeyer method, Hamilton method or as Vinton's method) is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems.

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Legislature

A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city.

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List of U.S. states and territories by population

As of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population.

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List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies

There are 650 constituencies in the United Kingdom, each electing a single Member of Parliament to the House of Commons ordinarily every five years.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Minority language

A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory.

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Na h-Eileanan an Iar (UK Parliament constituency)

Na h-Eileanan an Iar (formerly Western Isles) is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, created in 1918.

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National Popular Vote Interstate Compact

MD,NJ,IL,HI,WA,MA,DC,VT,CA,RI,NY,CT NC,OH,PA The National Popular Vote Interstate Compact (NPVIC) is an agreement among a group of U.S. states and the District of Columbia to award all their respective electoral votes to whichever presidential candidate wins the overall popular vote in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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New Hampshire

New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives

Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives (called either delegates or resident commissioner, in the case of Puerto Rico) are representatives of their territory in the House of Representatives, but who do not have a right to vote on proposed legislation in the full House but are nevertheless able to participate in certain other House functions.

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Norwegian parliamentary election, 2009

The 2009 parliamentary election was held in Norway on 13 and 14 September 2009.

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One man, one vote

One man, one vote (or one person, one vote) is a slogan used by advocates of political equality through various electoral reforms such as universal suffrage, proportional representation, or the elimination of plurality voting, malapportionment, or gerrymandering.

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Orkney and Shetland (UK Parliament constituency)

Orkney and Shetland is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Parallel voting

Parallel voting describes a mixed electoral system where voters in effect participate in two separate elections for a single chamber using different systems, and where the results in one election have little or no impact on the results of the other.

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Parliamentary system

A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive branch derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislative branch, typically a parliament, and is also held accountable to that parliament.

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Party-list proportional representation

Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems emphasizing proportional representation (PR) in elections in which multiple candidates are elected (e.g., elections to parliament) through allocations to an electoral list.

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Peace River (electoral district)

Peace River was a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1925 to 2015.

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Perpetual Union

The Perpetual Union is a feature of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, which established the United States of America as a national entity.

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Playmander

The Playmander was a pro-rural electoral malapportionment in the Australian state of South Australia, introduced by the incumbent Liberal and Country League (LCL) government, and in place for 32 years from 1936 to 1968.

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Plurality voting

Plurality voting is an electoral system in which each voter is allowed to vote for only one candidate, and the candidate who polls the most among their counterparts (a plurality) is elected.

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Political party

A political party is an organised group of people, often with common views, who come together to contest elections and hold power in government.

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Political system

A political system is a system of politics and government.

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Popular vote (representative democracy)

In representative democracy, the popular vote is the total number or percentage of votes received by a party, candidate or group of candidates, as opposed to the number of seats they win in the representative assembly or, as in the United States, in the Electoral College in a presidential election.

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Precinct

A precinct is a space enclosed by the walls or other boundaries of a particular place or building, or by an arbitrary and imaginary line drawn around it.

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Prefectures of Japan

Japan is divided into 47, forming the first level of jurisdiction and administrative division.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico (Spanish for "Rich Port"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.

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Queensland

Queensland (abbreviated as Qld) is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia.

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Ratio

In mathematics, a ratio is a relationship between two numbers indicating how many times the first number contains the second.

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Reapportionment Act of 1929

The Reapportionment Act of 1929 (ch. 28) was a combined census and apportionment bill passed by the United States Congress on June 18, 1929, that established a permanent method for apportioning a constant 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives according to each census.

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Redistricting

Redistricting is the process of drawing electoral district boundaries in the United States.

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Representation (politics)

In the common view, political representation is assumed to refer only to the political activities undertaken, in representative democracies, by citizens elected to political office on behalf of their fellow citizens who do not hold political office.

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Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

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Reynolds v. Sims

Reynolds v. Sims, was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that unlike in the election of the United States Senate, in the election of any chamber of a state legislature the electoral districts must be roughly equal in population (thus negating the traditional function of a State Senate, which was to allow rural counties to counterbalance large towns and cities).

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Rotten and pocket boroughs

A rotten or pocket borough, more formally known as a nomination borough or proprietorial borough, was a parliamentary borough or constituency in England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom before the Reform Act 1832, which had a very small electorate and could be used by a patron to gain unrepresentative influence within the unreformed House of Commons.

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Secession

Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio) is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance.

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Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Seventeenth Amendment (Amendment XVII) to the United States Constitution established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states.

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Single transferable vote

The single transferable vote (STV) is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through ranked voting in multi-seat organizations or constituencies (voting districts).

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Single-issue politics

Single-issue politics involves political campaigning or political support based on one essential policy area or idea.

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Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies

The Sixth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, also known as the 2013 Review, 2018 Review, or just boundary changes, is the process by which constituencies of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (since 1955 all being single seats) are being reviewed and redistributed.

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Social equality

Social equality is a state of affairs in which all people within a specific society or isolated group have the same status in certain respects, including civil rights, freedom of speech, property rights and equal access to certain social goods and services.

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South African general election, 1948

The parliamentary election in South Africa on 26 May 1948 represented a turning point in the country's history.

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South Australia

South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia.

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Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives.

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Standard deviation

In statistics, the standard deviation (SD, also represented by the Greek letter sigma σ or the Latin letter s) is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values.

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Storting

The Storting (Stortinget, "the great thing" or "the great assembly") is the supreme legislature of Norway, established in 1814 by the Constitution of Norway.

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Supreme Court of Ireland

The Supreme Court of Ireland (Cúirt Uachtarach na hÉireann) is the highest judicial authority in the Republic of Ireland.

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Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.

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Swing state

In American politics, the term swing state refers to any state that could reasonably be won by either the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate.

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Teachta Dála

A TD (plural TDanna in Irish or TDs in English; full Irish form Teachta Dála,, plural Teachtaí Dála) is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (the Irish Parliament).

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Territories of the United States

Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions directly overseen by the United States (U.S.) federal government.

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Tip O'Neill

Thomas Phillip "Tip" O'Neill Jr.

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Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Twelfth Amendment (Amendment XII) to the United States Constitution provides the procedure for electing the President and Vice President.

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Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Twenty-third Amendment (Amendment XXIII) to the United States Constitution extends the right to vote in the presidential election to citizens residing in the District of Columbia by granting the District electors in the Electoral College, as if it was a state.

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Two-party system

A two-party system is a party system where two major political parties dominate the government.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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United Kingdom general election, 1945

The 1945 United Kingdom general election was held on 5 July 1945, with polls in some constituencies delayed until 12 July and in Nelson and Colne until 19 July, because of local wakes weeks.

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United Party (South Africa)

The United Party was a political party in South Africa.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Census

The United States Census is a decennial census mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution, which states: "Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States...

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United States congressional apportionment

United States congressional apportionment is the process by which seats in the United States House of Representatives are distributed among the 50 states according to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census.

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United States Constitution

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.

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United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

The United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (in case citations, 1st Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts.

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United States House of Representatives

The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber.

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United States presidential election, 1824

The United States presidential election of 1824 was the tenth quadrennial presidential election, held from Tuesday, October 26, to Thursday, December 2, 1824.

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United States presidential election, 1876

The United States presidential election of 1876 was the 23rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1876.

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United States presidential election, 1888

The United States presidential election of 1888 was the 26th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1888.

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United States presidential election, 2000

The United States presidential election of 2000 was the 54th quadrennial presidential election.

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United States presidential election, 2016

The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.

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Vice President of the United States

The Vice President of the United States (informally referred to as VPOTUS, or Veep) is a constitutional officer in the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States as the President of the Senate under Article I, Section 3, Clause 4, of the United States Constitution, as well as the second highest executive branch officer, after the President of the United States.

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.

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West Virginia

West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.

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Western Australia

Western Australia (abbreviated as WA) is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia.

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Redirects here:

Apportioned representation, Legislative apportionment, Malapportionment, Method of smallest divisors, Reapportionment.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apportionment_(politics)

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