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190 relations: Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri, Admiralty law, Age of Enlightenment, Alderney, Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Ancient Germanic law, Andorra, Andrés Bello, Anglo-Saxon law, Arab world, Augusto Teixeira de Freitas, Babylon, Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, Bordeaux, Burgerlijk Wetboek, Byzantine Empire, California, California Codes, Cameroon, Canon law, Canon law of the Catholic Church, Case law, Channel Islands, Charles Arnold-Baker, Charles VII of France, Chilean Civil Code, Chinese law, Civil code, Civil law notary, Code of Hammurabi, Code of law, Codification (law), Commercial code (law), Common law, Communism, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, Community property, Companion to British History, Comparative law, Congress Poland, Constitution, Contract, Corpus Juris Civilis, Cuba, Custumal, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield, Daman and Diu, Danelaw, David Dudley Field II, ..., Democracy, Diocese, Duchy of Warsaw, Edward Elgar Publishing, Egyptian Civil Code, Egyptian law, English-speaking world, European Union law, Family law, Federal Judicial Center, Feudalism, Fiqh, French language, Germanic-speaking Europe, Glossator, Goa, Guernsey, Guyana, Hadley v Baxendale, Halakha, Halberstadt, Hawala, Holy Roman Empire, Hong Kong, Inquisitorial system, Italy, Jersey, Judicial system of Iran, Judicial system of Turkey, Jurisprudence, Jurisprudence constante, Jus commune, Jus gentium, Justinian I, Law, Law of Afghanistan, Law of Australia, Law of Azerbaijan, Law of Canada, Law of Cyprus, Law of France, Law of Hong Kong, Law of India, Law of Indonesia, Law of Iraq, Law of Louisiana, Law of Malaysia, Law of New Zealand, Law of Nigeria, Law of Pakistan, Law of Poland, Law of Puerto Rico, Law of Russia, Law of Singapore, Law of Spain, Law of Switzerland, Law of Thailand, Law of the Netherlands, Law of the People's Republic of China, Law of the Republic of Ireland, Law of the Soviet Union, Law of the United Kingdom, Law of the United States, Law of Vietnam, Law report, Laws in Bangladesh, Legal opinion, Legal origins theory, Legal positivism, Legal system of Saudi Arabia, Legislature, Leibniz Institute of European History, Lex mercatoria, List of national legal systems, Louisiana, Low Countries, Macau, Magdeburg, Maliki, Manorialism, Marriage, Marxism–Leninism, Medieval Roman law, Monarchy, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Napoleon, Napoleonic Code, Nation state, Natural law, New York (state), Nordic countries, Norman law, North Carolina Law Review, Orava (region), Philippines, Portuguese India, Positive law, Precedent, Principle of abstraction, Probate, Procedural law, Property, Public law, Puerto Rico, Qing dynasty, Quebec, Quebec law, Republic of China (1912–1949), Revised Statutes of the United States, Roman law, Roman-Dutch law, Rule according to higher law, Rule of law, Sachsenspiegel, San Marino, Sark, Scotland, Scots law, Serbian civil law, Sharia, Socialist law, South Africa, Spiš, Sri Lanka, Statute, Statutory law, Stephan Kinsella, Substantive law, Supreme court, Swiss Civil Code, Taiwan, Tort, Turkey, U.S. state, Ultra vires, Uniform Commercial Code, United States Code, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, Zimbabwe. Expand index (140 more) »
Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri
Abd el-Razzak el-Sanhuri or ‘Abd al-Razzāq al-Sanhūrī (1895–1971) (عبد الرزاق السنهوري) was an Egyptian, legal scholar and professor who drafted the revised Egyptian Civil Code of 1948.
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Admiralty law
Admiralty law or maritime law is a body of law that governs nautical issues and private maritime disputes.
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Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason; in lit in Aufklärung, "Enlightenment", in L’Illuminismo, “Enlightenment” and in Spanish: La Ilustración, "Enlightenment") was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy".
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Alderney
Alderney (Aurigny; Auregnais: Aoeur'gny) is the northernmost of the inhabited Channel Islands.
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Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
The Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (ABGB) is the Civil Code of Austria, which was enacted in 1811 after about 40 years of preparatory works.
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Ancient Germanic law
Several Latin law codes of the Germanic peoples written in the Early Middle Ages (also known as leges barbarorum "laws of the barbarians") survive, dating to between the 5th and 9th centuries.
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Andorra
Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra (Principat d'Andorra), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra (Principat de les Valls d'Andorra), is a sovereign landlocked microstate on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France in the north and Spain in the south.
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Andrés Bello
Andrés de Jesús María y José Bello López (November 29, 1781 – October 15, 1865) was a Venezuelan humanist, diplomat, poet, legislator, philosopher, educator and philologist, whose political and literary works constitute an important part of Spanish American culture.
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Anglo-Saxon law
Anglo-Saxon law (Old English ǣ, later lagu "law"; dōm "decree, judgment") is a body of written rules and customs that were in place during the Anglo-Saxon period in England, before the Norman conquest.
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Arab world
The Arab world (العالم العربي; formally: Arab homeland, الوطن العربي), also known as the Arab nation (الأمة العربية) or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries of the Arab League.
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Augusto Teixeira de Freitas
Augusto Teixeira de Freitas (1816–1883) was a prominent Brazilian jurist whose prolific writings inspired all South American private law codifications.
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Babylon
Babylon (KA2.DIĜIR.RAKI Bābili(m); Aramaic: בבל, Babel; بَابِل, Bābil; בָּבֶל, Bavel; ܒܒܠ, Bāwēl) was a key kingdom in ancient Mesopotamia from the 18th to 6th centuries BC.
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Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
The Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, abbreviated BGB, is the civil code of Germany.
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Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.
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Burgerlijk Wetboek
The Burgerlijk Wetboek (or BW) is the Civil Code of the Netherlands.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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California Codes
The California Codes are 29 legal codes enacted by the California State Legislature, which together form the general statutory law of California.
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Cameroon
No description.
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Canon law
Canon law (from Greek kanon, a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.
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Canon law of the Catholic Church
The canon law of the Catholic Church is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the hierarchical authorities of the Catholic Church to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church.
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Case law
Case law is a set of past rulings by tribunals that meet their respective jurisdictions' rules to be cited as precedent.
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Channel Islands
The Channel Islands (Norman: Îles d'la Manche; French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy.
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Charles Arnold-Baker
Charles Arnold-Baker, OBE (born Wolfgang Charles Werner von Blumenthal; 25 June 1918 — 6 June 2009) was an English member of MI6, barrister (called 1948) and historian.
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Charles VII of France
Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461), called the Victorious (le Victorieux)Charles VII, King of France, Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War, ed.
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Chilean Civil Code
The Civil Code of the Republic of Chile (Código Civil de la República de Chile, also referred to as the Code of Bello) is the work of jurist and legislator Andrés Bello.
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Chinese law
Chinese law is one of the oldest legal traditions in the world.
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Civil code
A civil code is a systematic collection of laws designed to deal with the core areas of private law such as for dealing with business and negligence lawsuits and practices.
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Civil law notary
Civil-law notaries, or Latin notaries, are agents of noncontentious private civil law who draft, take, and record instruments for private parties and are vested as public officers with the authentication power of the State.
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Code of Hammurabi
The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754 BC (Middle Chronology).
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Code of law
A code of law, also called a law code or legal code, is a type of legislation that purports to exhaustively cover a complete system of laws or a particular area of law as it existed at the time the code was enacted, by a process of codification.
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Codification (law)
In law, codification is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction in certain areas, usually by subject, forming a legal code, i.e. a codex (book) of law.
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Commercial code (law)
In law, a commercial code is a codification of private law relating to merchants, trade, business entities (especially companies), commercial contracts and other matters such as negotiable instruments.
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Common law
Common law (also known as judicial precedent or judge-made law, or case law) is that body of law derived from judicial decisions of courts and similar tribunals.
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Community of Portuguese Language Countries
The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Portuguese: Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa; abbreviated as CPLP), occasionally known in English as the Lusophone Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organization of Lusophone nations across four continents, where Portuguese is an official language, mostly of former colonies of the Portuguese Empire.
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Community property
Community property is a marital property regime under which most property acquired during the marriage (except for gifts or inheritances), the community, or communio bonorum, is owned jointly by both spouses and is divided upon divorce, annulment, or death.
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Companion to British History
The Companion to British History is a single-volume encyclopaedic reference work "bigger than a foundation stone, longer than the Bible" (Daily Telegraph) written by Charles Arnold-Baker and in 1966 edited by his son Henry von Blumenthal, who, as proprietor of Longcross Press, published the first and third editions.
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Comparative law
Comparative law is the study of differences and similarities between the law of different countries.
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Congress Poland
The Kingdom of Poland, informally known as Congress Poland or Russian Poland, was created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a sovereign state of the Russian part of Poland connected by personal union with the Russian Empire under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland until 1832.
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Constitution
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.
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Contract
A contract is a promise or set of promises that are legally enforceable and, if violated, allow the injured party access to legal remedies.
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Corpus Juris Civilis
The Corpus Juris (or Iuris) Civilis ("Body of Civil Law") is the modern name for a collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of Justinian I, Eastern Roman Emperor.
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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.
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Custumal
A custumal is a medieval English document, usually edited and composed over time, that stipulates the economic, political, and social customs of a manor or town.
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Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Dadra and Nagar Haveli (DNH in initials) is a union territory in Western India.
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Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield
Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield (February 18, 1800 – June 30, 1875) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who wrote the Argentine Civil Code of 1869, which remained in force until 2015, when it was replaced by the new Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación.
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Daman and Diu
Daman and Diu is a union territory in Western India.
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Danelaw
The Danelaw (also known as the Danelagh; Dena lagu; Danelagen), as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, is a historical name given to the part of England in which the laws of the Danes held sway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons.
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David Dudley Field II
David Dudley Field II (February 13, 1805April 13, 1894) was an American lawyer and law reformer who made major contributions to the development of American civil procedure.
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Democracy
Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.
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Diocese
The word diocese is derived from the Greek term διοίκησις meaning "administration".
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Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie, Duché de Varsovie, Herzogtum Warschau) was a Polish state established by Napoleon I in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit.
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Edward Elgar Publishing
Edward Elgar Publishing is a global publisher of academic books, journals and online resources in the social sciences and law.
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Egyptian Civil Code
The Egyptian Civil Code is the primary source of civil law for Egypt.
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Egyptian law
Egyptian law includes the following topics.
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English-speaking world
Approximately 330 to 360 million people speak English as their first language.
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European Union law
European Union law is the system of laws operating within the member states of the European Union.
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Family law
Family law (also called matrimonial law or the law of domestic relations) is an area of the law that deals with family matters and domestic relations.
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Federal Judicial Center
The Federal Judicial Center is the education and research agency of the United States federal courts.
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Feudalism
Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries.
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Fiqh
Fiqh (فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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Germanic-speaking Europe
Germanic-speaking Europe refers to the area of Europe that today uses a Germanic language.
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Glossator
The scholars of the 11th and 12th century legal schools in Italy, France and Germany are identified as glossators in a specific sense.
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Goa
Goa is a state in India within the coastal region known as the Konkan, in Western India.
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Guernsey
Guernsey is an island in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.
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Guyana
Guyana (pronounced or), officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a sovereign state on the northern mainland of South America.
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Hadley v Baxendale
Hadley v Baxendale is a leading English contract law case.
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Halakha
Halakha (הֲלָכָה,; also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, halachah or halocho) is the collective body of Jewish religious laws derived from the Written and Oral Torah.
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Halberstadt
Halberstadt is a town in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, the capital of Harz district.
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Hawala
Hawala or hewala (حِوالة, meaning transfer or sometimes trust), also known as hundi or—in Somali, xawala or xawilaad—is a popular and informal value transfer system based not on the movement of cash, or on telegraph or computer network wire transfers between banks, but instead on the performance and honour of a huge network of money brokers (known as "hawaladars").
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.
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Inquisitorial system
An inquisitorial system is a legal system where the court or a part of the court is actively involved in investigating the facts of the case, as opposed to an adversarial system where the role of the court is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecution and the defense.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Jersey
Jersey (Jèrriais: Jèrri), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey (Bailliage de Jersey; Jèrriais: Bailliage dé Jèrri), is a Crown dependency located near the coast of Normandy, France.
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Judicial system of Iran
A nationwide judicial system in Iran was first implemented and established by Abdolhossein Teymourtash under Reza Shah, with further changes during the second Pahlavi era.
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Judicial system of Turkey
The judicial system of Turkey is defined by Articles 138 to 160 of the 1982 Constitution.
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Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence or legal theory is the theoretical study of law, principally by philosophers but, from the twentieth century, also by social scientists.
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Jurisprudence constante
Jurisprudence constante (French for "stable jurisprudence", or literally, "constant jurisprudence") is a legal doctrine according to which a long series of previous decisions applying a particular legal principle or rule is highly persuasive but not controlling in subsequent cases dealing with similar or identical issues of law.
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Jus commune
Jus commune or ius commune is Latin for "common law" in certain jurisdictions.
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Jus gentium
The ius gentium or jus gentium (Latin for "law of nations") is a concept of international law within the ancient Roman legal system and Western law traditions based on or influenced by it.
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Justinian I
Justinian I (Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus Augustus; Flávios Pétros Sabbátios Ioustinianós; 482 14 November 565), traditionally known as Justinian the Great and also Saint Justinian the Great in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565.
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Law
Law is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.
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Law of Afghanistan
The legal system of Afghanistan consists of Islamic, statutory and customary rules.
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Law of Australia
The law of Australia comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law.
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Law of Azerbaijan
The legal system of Azerbaijan is based on civil law.
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Law of Canada
The Canadian legal system has its foundation in the English common law system, inherited from being a former colony of the United Kingdom and later a Commonwealth Realm member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
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Law of Cyprus
The law of Cyprus (Κυπριακό Δίκαιο) is a legal system which applies within the Republic of Cyprus.
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Law of France
In academic terms, French law can be divided into two main categories: private law ("droit privé") and public law ("droit public").
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Law of Hong Kong
The law of Hong Kong is based on the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary.
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Law of India
Law of India refers to the system of law in modern India.
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Law of Indonesia
Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with customary law and the Roman Dutch law.
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Law of Iraq
The Republic of Iraq's legal system is in a period of transition in light of the 2003 invasion that led to the fall of the Baath Party.
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Law of Louisiana
Law in the state of Louisiana is based on a more diverse set of sources than the laws of the other forty-nine states of the United States.
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Law of Malaysia
The law of Malaysia is mainly based on the common law legal system.
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Law of New Zealand
The law of New Zealand can be found in several sources.
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Law of Nigeria
The law of Nigeria consists of courts, offences, and various types of laws.
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Law of Pakistan
The Law of Pakistan is the law and legal system existing in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
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Law of Poland
The Polish law, or legal system in Poland has been developing since the first centuries of Polish history, over 1,000 years ago.
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Law of Puerto Rico
The legal system of Puerto Rico is a mix of the civil law and the common law systems.
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Law of Russia
The primary and fundamental statement of laws in the Russian Federation is the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
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Law of Singapore
The legal system of Singapore is based on the English common law system.
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Law of Spain
The Law of Spain is the legislation in force in the Kingdom of Spain, which is understood to mean Spanish territory, Spanish waters, consulates and embassies, and ships flying the Spanish flag in international waters.
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Law of Switzerland
Swiss law is a set of rules which constitutes the law in Switzerland.
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Law of Thailand
The laws of Thailand are based on the civil law, but have been influenced by common law (see also world legal systems).
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Law of the Netherlands
The Netherlands uses civil law.
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Law of the People's Republic of China
Law of the People's Republic of China, officially referred to as the Socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, is the legal regime of China, with the separate legal traditions and systems of Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau.
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Law of the Republic of Ireland
The law of Ireland consists of constitutional, statute and common law.
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Law of the Soviet Union
The Law of the Soviet Union was the law as it developed in the Soviet Union (USSR) following the October Revolution of 1917.
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Law of the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has three legal systems, each of which applies to a particular geographical area.
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Law of the United States
The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States.
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Law of Vietnam
Law of Vietnam is based on communist legal theory and French civil law.
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Law report
Law reports or reporters are series of books that contain judicial opinions from a selection of case law decided by courts.
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Laws in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is part of the common law jurisdiction.
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Legal opinion
In law, a legal opinion is in certain jurisdictions a written explanation by a judge or group of judges that accompanies an order or ruling in a case, laying out the rationale and legal principles for the ruling.
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Legal origins theory
The legal origins theory claims that the two main legal traditions or origins, civil law and common law, crucially shape lawmaking and dispute adjudication and have not been reformed after the initial exogenous transplantation by Europeans.
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Legal positivism
Legal positivism is a school of thought of analytical jurisprudence, largely developed by eighteenth- and nineteenth-century legal thinkers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Austin.
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Legal system of Saudi Arabia
The legal system of Saudi Arabia is based on Sharia, Islamic law derived from the Qur'an and the Sunnah (the traditions) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Legislature
A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city.
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Leibniz Institute of European History
The Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG) in Mainz, Germany, is an independent, public research institute that carries out and promotes historical research on the foundations of Europe in the early and late Modern period.
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Lex mercatoria
Lex mercatoria (from the Latin for "merchant law"), often referred to as "the Law Merchant" in English, is the body of commercial law used by merchants throughout Europe during the medieval period.
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List of national legal systems
The contemporary legal systems of the world are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, statutory law, religious law or combinations of these.
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Louisiana
Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Low Countries
The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.
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Macau
Macau, officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.
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Magdeburg
Magdeburg (Low Saxon: Meideborg) is the capital city and the second largest city of the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
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Maliki
The (مالكي) school is one of the four major madhhab of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.
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Manorialism
Manorialism was an essential element of feudal society.
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Marriage
Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a socially or ritually recognised union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between those spouses, as well as between them and any resulting biological or adopted children and affinity (in-laws and other family through marriage).
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Marxism–Leninism
In political science, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, of the Communist International and of Stalinist political parties.
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Medieval Roman law
Medieval Roman law is the continuation and development of ancient Roman law that developed in the European Late Middle Ages.
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Monarchy
A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, generally a family representing a dynasty (aristocracy), embodies the country's national identity and its head, the monarch, exercises the role of sovereignty.
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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 (conventional) – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and founder of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Napoleonic Code
The Napoleonic Code (officially Code civil des Français, referred to as (le) Code civil) is the French civil code established under Napoléon I in 1804.
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Nation state
A nation state (or nation-state), in the most specific sense, is a country where a distinct cultural or ethnic group (a "nation" or "people") inhabits a territory and have formed a state (often a sovereign state) that they predominantly govern.
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Natural law
Natural law (ius naturale, lex naturalis) is a philosophy asserting that certain rights are inherent by virtue of human nature, endowed by nature—traditionally by God or a transcendent source—and that these can be understood universally through human reason.
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New York (state)
New York is a state in the northeastern United States.
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Nordic countries
The Nordic countries or the Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as Norden (literally "the North").
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Norman law
Norman law refers to the customary law of the Duchy of Normandy which developed between the 10th and 13th centuries and which survives today in the legal systems of Jersey and the other Channel Islands.
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North Carolina Law Review
The North Carolina Law Review is the law journal of the University of North Carolina School of Law.
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Orava (region)
Orava is the traditional name of a region situated in northern Slovakia (as Orava) and partially also in southern Poland (as Orawa).
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Philippines
The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.
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Portuguese India
The State of India (Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (Estado Português da Índia, EPI) or simply Portuguese India (Índia Portuguesa), was a state of the Portuguese Overseas Empire, founded six years after the discovery of a sea route between Portugal and the Indian Subcontinent to serve as the governing body of a string of Portuguese fortresses and colonies overseas.
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Positive law
Positive laws (ius positum) are human-made laws that oblige or specify an action.
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Precedent
In common law legal systems, a precedent, or authority, is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts.
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Principle of abstraction
The principle of abstraction is a grouping principle, whereby a hierarchy is adhered to with higher levels of abstraction placed near the top with more specific concepts underneath.
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Probate
Probate is the judicial process whereby a will is "proved" in a court of law and accepted as a valid public document that is the true last testament of the deceased, or whereby the estate is settled according to the laws of intestacy in the state of residence of the deceased at time of death in the absence of a legal will.
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Procedural law
Procedural law, adjective law, or rules of court comprises the rules by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil, lawsuit, criminal or administrative proceedings.
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Property
Property, in the abstract, is what belongs to or with something, whether as an attribute or as a component of said thing.
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Public law
Public law is that part of law which governs relationships between individuals and the government, and those relationships between individuals which are of direct concern to society.
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Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (Spanish for "Rich Port"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.
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Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.
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Quebec
Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.
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Quebec law
Quebec law is unique in Canada because Quebec is the only province in Canada to have a juridical legal system (pertaining to the administration of justice) under which civil matters are regulated by French-heritage civil law.
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Republic of China (1912–1949)
The Republic of China was a sovereign state in East Asia, that occupied the territories of modern China, and for part of its history Mongolia and Taiwan.
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Revised Statutes of the United States
The Revised Statutes of the United States (in citations, Rev. Stat.) was the first official codification of the Acts of Congress.
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Roman law
Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously.
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Roman-Dutch law
Roman-Dutch law (Dutch: Rooms-Hollands recht, Afrikaans: Romeins-Hollandse reg) is an uncodified, scholarship-driven, judge-made legal system based on Roman law as applied in the Netherlands in the 17th and 18th centuries.
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Rule according to higher law
The rule according to a higher law means that no law may be enforced by the government unless it conforms with certain universal principles (written or unwritten) of fairness, morality, and justice.
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Rule of law
The rule of law is the "authority and influence of law in society, especially when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behavior; (hence) the principle whereby all members of a society (including those in government) are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes".
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Sachsenspiegel
The Sachsenspiegel (literally “Saxon Mirror”; Middle Low German: Sassen Speyghel; Sassenspegel) is the most important law book and custumal of the Holy Roman Empire.
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San Marino
San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino (Repubblica di San Marino), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino), is an enclaved microstate surrounded by Italy, situated on the Italian Peninsula on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains.
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Sark
Sark (Sercq; Sercquiais: Sèr or Cerq) is an island in the Channel Islands in the southwestern English Channel, off the coast of Normandy, France.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Scots law
Scots law is the legal system of Scotland.
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Serbian civil law
Serbian civil law is the most important, most famous and longest Serbian civil law act in recent history.
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Sharia
Sharia, Sharia law, or Islamic law (شريعة) is the religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition.
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Socialist law
Socialist law or Soviet law denotes a general type of legal system which has been used in communist and formerly communist states.
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South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
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Spiš
Spiš (Latin: Cips/Zepus/Scepus, Zips, Szepesség, Spisz) is a region in north-eastern Slovakia, with a very small area in south-eastern Poland (14 villages).
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.
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Statute
A statute is a formal written enactment of a legislative authority that governs a city, state, or country.
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Statutory law
Statutory law or statute law is written law set down by a body of legislature or by a singular legislator (in the case of absolute monarchy).
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Stephan Kinsella
Norman Stephan Kinsella (born 1965) is an American intellectual property lawyer, author, and deontological anarcho-capitalist.
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Substantive law
Substantive law is the set of laws that governs how members of a society are to behave.
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Supreme court
A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in many legal jurisdictions.
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Swiss Civil Code
The Swiss Civil Code (SR 210, Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch (ZGB); Code civil suisse (CC); Codice civile svizzero (CC); Cudesch civil svizzer) is the codified law ruling in Switzerland and regulating relationship between individuals.
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Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.
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Tort
A tort, in common law jurisdictions, is a civil wrong that causes a claimant to suffer loss or harm resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act.
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Turkey
Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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U.S. state
A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.
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Ultra vires
Ultra vires is a Latin phrase meaning "beyond the powers".
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Uniform Commercial Code
The Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), first published in 1952, is one of a number of uniform acts that have been put into law with the goal of harmonizing the law of sales and other commercial transactions across the United States of America (U.S.) through UCC adoption by all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories.
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United States Code
The Code of Laws of the United States of America (variously abbreviated to Code of Laws of the United States, United States Code, U.S. Code, U.S.C., or USC) is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States.
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University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.
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University of Oxford
The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.
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Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used. Since the 11th century, present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade. The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923. In 1965, the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia. The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980. Zimbabwe then joined the Commonwealth of Nations, from which it was suspended in 2002 for breaches of international law by its then government and from which it withdrew from in December 2003. It is a member of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It was once known as the "Jewel of Africa" for its prosperity. Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule; he was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe's authoritarian regime, the state security apparatus dominated the country and was responsible for widespread human rights violations. Mugabe maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric of the Cold War era, blaming Zimbabwe's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries. Contemporary African political leaders were reluctant to criticise Mugabe, who was burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials, though Archbishop Desmond Tutu called him "a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator". The country has been in economic decline since the 1990s, experiencing several crashes and hyperinflation along the way. On 15 November 2017, in the wake of over a year of protests against his government as well as Zimbabwe's rapidly declining economy, Mugabe was placed under house arrest by the country's national army in a coup d'état. On 19 November 2017, ZANU-PF sacked Robert Mugabe as party leader and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place. On 21 November 2017, Mugabe tendered his resignation prior to impeachment proceedings being completed.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)
