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211 relations: Affective science, Alan Turing, Allen Newell, Alonzo Church, Analytic philosophy, Animal cognition, Anopsia, Anthropology, Aristotle, Artificial consciousness, Artificial intelligence, Artificial neural network, Artur d'Avila Garcez, Attention, B. F. Skinner, Baruch Spinoza, Bayesian cognitive science, Behavioral economics, Behaviorism, Biology, Chinese room, Christopher Longuet-Higgins, Coercion, Cognition, Cognitive anthropology, Cognitive bias, Cognitive biology, Cognitive linguistics, Cognitive neuropsychology, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive psychology, Cognitive revolution, Cognitive Science (journal), Cognitive science of religion, Cognitive Science Society, Comparative psychology, Computational neuroscience, Computational-representational understanding of mind, Computer, Computer science, Computer simulation, Concept mining, Conceptual model, Connectionism, Cybernetics, Dan Sperber, Daniel Dennett, David Chalmers, David Hume, David Marr (neuroscientist), ..., David Rumelhart, Decision field theory, Decision theory, Decision-making, Dichotic listening, Douglas Hofstadter, Dynamicism, Dyslexia, Economics, Educational neuroscience, Educational psychology, Edward N. Zalta, Edwin Hutchins, Electroencephalography, Embodied cognition, Embodied cognitive science, Emotion, Empiricism, Enactivism, Episodic memory, Epistemology, Evolutionary psychology, Expert system, Explicit memory, Eye tracking, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Functionalism (philosophy of mind), Gödel, Escher, Bach, Generative grammar, Genetics, George Armitage Miller, George Lakoff, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Hampshire College, Haptic perception, Hard problem of consciousness, Hearing, Hemispatial neglect, Herbert A. Simon, Heterophenomenology, Human–computer interaction, Immanuel Kant, Inattentional blindness, Index of cognitive science articles, Indiana Archives of Cognitive Science, Informatics, Information, Information engineering, Intelligence, Intrinsic and extrinsic properties, J. C. R. Licklider, James McClelland (psychologist), Jerry Fodor, John Locke, John Searle, John von Neumann, Knowledge, Knowledge-based systems, Kurt Gödel, Language, Language acquisition, Lighthill report, Linguistics, Lisp (programming language), List of cognitive scientists, Machine learning, Magnetoencephalography, Malleability of intelligence, Mark Johnson (philosopher), Marvin Minsky, Medical optical imaging, Memory, Meno, Mind, Mind–body dualism, MIT Sloan School of Management, Model organism, Morphology (linguistics), Multiple realizability, Naturalistic observation, Nature versus nurture, Neural circuit, Neural Darwinism, Neural network, Neuron, Neuropsychology, Neuroscience, Nicolas Malebranche, Noam Chomsky, Noogenesis, Olfaction, On the Soul, Optical illusion, Orthography, Outline of human intelligence, Outline of thought, Oxford English Dictionary, Paul Thagard, Perception, Personal information management, Personoid, Persuasion, Philip Johnson-Laird, Philosophy of language, Philosophy of mathematics, Philosophy of mind, Phonetics, Phonology, Phrase structure rules, Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis, Plato, Positron emission tomography, Postmortem studies, Pragmatics, Procedural memory, Property, Psychological nativism, Psychology, Psychology of reasoning, Psychophysics, Quantum cognition, Reason, René Descartes, Rethinking Innateness, Risk, Ron Sun, Science, Scientific method, Scott Atran, Self, Semantic memory, Semantics, Sense, Simulation, Single-photon emission computed tomography, Single-unit recording, Situated cognition, Soar (cognitive architecture), Society of Mind, Socio-cognitive, Sociology, Somatosensory system, Spatial cognition, Speech-language pathology, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Steven Pinker, Symbolic artificial intelligence, Syntax, Systemics, Systems theory, Taste, Theory of computation, Thought, Transcranial direct-current stimulation, University of California, San Diego, Vassar College, Verbal Behavior, Visual perception, Von Neumann architecture, Walter Pitts, Warren Sturgis McCulloch. Expand index (161 more) »
Affective science
Affective science is the scientific study of emotion or affect.
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Alan Turing
Alan Mathison Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist.
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Allen Newell
Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 – July 19, 1992) was a researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND Corporation and at Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Computer Science, Tepper School of Business, and Department of Psychology.
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Alonzo Church
Alonzo Church (June 14, 1903 – August 11, 1995) was an American mathematician and logician who made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science.
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Analytic philosophy
Analytic philosophy (sometimes analytical philosophy) is a style of philosophy that became dominant in the Western world at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Animal cognition
Animal cognition describes the mental capacities of non-human animals and the study of those capacities.
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Anopsia
An anopsia or anopia is a defect in the visual field.
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Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humans and human behaviour and societies in the past and present.
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Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.
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Artificial consciousness
Artificial consciousness (AC), also known as machine consciousness (MC) or synthetic consciousness, is a field related to artificial intelligence and cognitive robotics.
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Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals.
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Artificial neural network
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) or connectionist systems are computing systems vaguely inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains.
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Artur d'Avila Garcez
Artur Garcez (born 1970) is a researcher in the field of computational logic and neural computation, in particular hybrid systems with application in software verification and information extraction.
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Attention
Attention, also referred to as enthrallment, is the behavioral and cognitive process of selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of information, whether deemed subjective or objective, while ignoring other perceivable information.
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B. F. Skinner
Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990), commonly known as B. F. Skinner, was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher.
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Baruch Spinoza
Baruch Spinoza (born Benedito de Espinosa,; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677, later Benedict de Spinoza) was a Dutch philosopher of Sephardi/Portuguese origin.
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Bayesian cognitive science
Bayesian Cognitive Science (also known as Computational Cognitive Science) is a rapidly growing approach to cognitive science concerned with the rational analysis of cognition through the use of Bayesian inference and cognitive modeling.
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Behavioral economics
Behavioral economics studies the effects of psychological, cognitive, emotional, cultural and social factors on the economic decisions of individuals and institutions and how those decisions vary from those implied by classical theory.
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Behaviorism
Behaviorism (or behaviourism) is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals.
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Biology
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.
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Chinese room
The Chinese room argument holds that a program cannot give a computer a "mind", "understanding" or "consciousness", regardless of how intelligently or human-like the program may make the computer behave.
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Christopher Longuet-Higgins
Hugh Christopher Longuet-Higgins (April 11, 1923 – March 27, 2004) was both a theoretical chemist and a cognitive scientist.
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Coercion
Coercion is the practice of forcing another party to act in an involuntary manner by use of threats or force.
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Cognition
Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".
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Cognitive anthropology
Cognitive anthropology is an approach within cultural anthropology in which scholars seek to explain patterns of shared knowledge, cultural innovation, and transmission over time and space using the methods and theories of the cognitive sciences (especially experimental psychology and evolutionary biology) often through close collaboration with historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists, musicologists and other specialists engaged in the description and interpretation of cultural forms.
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Cognitive bias
A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.
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Cognitive biology
Cognitive biology is an emerging science that regards natural cognition as a biological function.
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Cognitive linguistics
Cognitive linguistics (CL) is an interdisciplinary branch of linguistics, combining knowledge and research from both psychology and linguistics.
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Cognitive neuropsychology
Cognitive neuropsychology is a branch of cognitive psychology that aims to understand how the structure and function of the brain relates to specific psychological processes.
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Cognitive neuroscience
The term cognitive neuroscience was coined by George Armitage Miller and Michael Gazzaniga in year 1976.
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Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking".
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Cognitive revolution
The cognitive revolution was an intellectual movement that began in the 1950s as an interdisciplinary study of the mind and its processes, which became known collectively as cognitive science.
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Cognitive Science (journal)
Cognitive Science is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Cognitive Science Society.
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Cognitive science of religion
Cognitive science of religion is the study of religious thought and behavior from the perspective of the cognitive and evolutionary sciences.
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Cognitive Science Society
The Cognitive Science Society is a professional society for the interdisciplinary field of cognitive science.
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Comparative psychology
Comparative psychology refers to the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals, especially as these relate to the phylogenetic history, adaptive significance, and development of behavior.
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Computational neuroscience
Computational neuroscience (also known as theoretical neuroscience or mathematical neuroscience) is a branch of neuroscience which employs mathematical models, theoretical analysis and abstractions of the brain to understand the principles that govern the development, structure, physiology and cognitive abilities of the nervous system.
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Computational-representational understanding of mind
Computational representational understanding of mind (CRUM) is a hypothesis in cognitive science which proposes that thinking is performed by computations operating on representations.
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Computer
A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.
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Computer science
Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.
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Computer simulation
Computer simulation is the reproduction of the behavior of a system using a computer to simulate the outcomes of a mathematical model associated with said system.
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Concept mining
Concept mining is an activity that results in the extraction of concepts from artifacts.
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Conceptual model
A conceptual model is a representation of a system, made of the composition of concepts which are used to help people know, understand, or simulate a subject the model represents.
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Connectionism
Connectionism is an approach in the fields of cognitive science, that hopes to represent mental phenomena using artificial neural networks.
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Cybernetics
Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems—their structures, constraints, and possibilities.
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Dan Sperber
Dan Sperber (born 20 June 1942, Cagnes-sur-Mer) is a French social and cognitive scientist.
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Daniel Dennett
Daniel Clement Dennett III (born March 28, 1942) is an American philosopher, writer, and cognitive scientist whose research centers on the philosophy of mind, philosophy of science, and philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science.
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David Chalmers
David John Chalmers (born 20 April 1966) is an Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist specializing in the areas of philosophy of mind and philosophy of language.
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David Hume
David Hume (born David Home; 7 May 1711 NS (26 April 1711 OS) – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.
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David Marr (neuroscientist)
David Courtnay Marr (19 January 1945 – 17 November 1980) was a British neuroscientist and physiologist.
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David Rumelhart
David Everett Rumelhart (June 12, 1942 – March 13, 2011) was an American psychologist who made many contributions to the formal analysis of human cognition, working primarily within the frameworks of mathematical psychology, symbolic artificial intelligence, and parallel distributed processing.
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Decision field theory
Decision field theory (DFT) is a dynamic-cognitive approach to human decision making.
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Decision theory
Decision theory (or the theory of choice) is the study of the reasoning underlying an agent's choices.
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Decision-making
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several alternative possibilities.
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Dichotic listening
Dichotic Listening is a psychological test commonly used to investigate selective attention within the auditory system and is a subtopic of cognitive psychology and neuroscience.
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Douglas Hofstadter
Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15, 1945) is an American professor of cognitive science whose research focuses on the sense of self in relation to the external world, consciousness, analogy-making, artistic creation, literary translation, and discovery in mathematics and physics.
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Dynamicism
Dynamicism, also termed the dynamic hypothesis or the dynamic hypothesis in cognitive science or dynamic cognition, is a new approach in cognitive science exemplified by the work of philosopher Tim van Gelder.
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Dyslexia
Dyslexia, also known as reading disorder, is characterized by trouble with reading despite normal intelligence.
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Economics
Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
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Educational neuroscience
Educational neuroscience (or neuroeducation, a component of Mind Brain and Education) is an emerging scientific field that brings together researchers in cognitive neuroscience, developmental cognitive neuroscience, educational psychology, educational technology, education theory and other related disciplines to explore the interactions between biological processes and education.
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Educational psychology
Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning.
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Edward N. Zalta
Edward N. Zalta (born March 16, 1952) is a senior research scholar at the Center for the Study of Language and Information.
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Edwin Hutchins
Edwin Hutchins is a professor and former department head of cognitive science at the University of California, San Diego.
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Electroencephalography
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record electrical activity of the brain.
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Embodied cognition
Embodied cognition is the theory that many features of cognition, whether human or otherwise, are shaped by aspects of the entire body of the organism.
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Embodied cognitive science
Embodied cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field of research, the aim of which is to explain the mechanisms underlying intelligent behavior.
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Emotion
Emotion is any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure.
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Empiricism
In philosophy, empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience.
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Enactivism
Enactivism argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment.
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Episodic memory
Episodic memory is the memory of autobiographical events (times, places, associated emotions, and other contextual who, what, when, where, why knowledge) that can be explicitly stated or conjured.
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Epistemology
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.
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Evolutionary psychology
Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective.
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Expert system
In artificial intelligence, an expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.
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Explicit memory
Explicit memory (or declarative memory) is one of the two main types of long-term human memory.
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Eye tracking
Eye tracking is the process of measuring either the point of gaze (where one is looking) or the motion of an eye relative to the head.
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Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.
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Functionalism (philosophy of mind)
Functionalism is a view in the theory of the mind.
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Gödel, Escher, Bach
Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, also known as GEB, is a 1979 book by Douglas Hofstadter.
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Generative grammar
Generative grammar is a linguistic theory that regards grammar as a system of rules that generates exactly those combinations of words that form grammatical sentences in a given language.
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
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George Armitage Miller
George Armitage Miller (February 3, 1920 – July 22, 2012) was an American psychologist who was one of the founders of the cognitive psychology field.
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George Lakoff
George P. Lakoff (born May 24, 1941) is an American cognitive linguist and philosopher, best known for his thesis that lives of individuals are significantly influenced by the central metaphors they use to explain complex phenomena.
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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (or; Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath and philosopher who occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy.
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Hampshire College
Hampshire College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts.
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Haptic perception
Haptic perception (italics "palpable", haptikόs "suitable for touch") means literally the ability "to grasp something".
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Hard problem of consciousness
The hard problem of consciousness is the problem of explaining how and why we have qualia or phenomenal experiences—how sensations acquire characteristics, such as colors and tastes.
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Hearing
Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear.
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Hemispatial neglect
Hemispatial neglect, also called hemiagnosia, hemineglect, unilateral neglect, spatial neglect, contralateral neglect, unilateral visual inattention,Unsworth, C. A. (2007).
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Herbert A. Simon
Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American economist and political scientist whose primary interest was decision-making within organizations and is best known for the theories of "bounded rationality" and "satisficing".
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Heterophenomenology
Heterophenomenology ("phenomenology of another, not oneself") is a term coined by Daniel Dennett to describe an explicitly third-person, scientific approach to the study of consciousness and other mental phenomena.
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Human–computer interaction
Human–computer interaction (HCI) researches the design and use of computer technology, focused on the interfaces between people (users) and computers.
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Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is a central figure in modern philosophy.
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Inattentional blindness
Inattentional blindness, also known as perceptual blindness, is a psychological lack of attention that is not associated with any vision defects or deficits.
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Index of cognitive science articles
Cognitive science is the scientific study either of mind or of intelligence (e.g. Luger 1994).
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Indiana Archives of Cognitive Science
The Indiana Archives of Cognitive Science (IACS) is an online information portal providing information about the field of cognitive science.
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Informatics
Informatics is a branch of information engineering.
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Information
Information is any entity or form that provides the answer to a question of some kind or resolves uncertainty.
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Information engineering
Information engineering (IE) or information engineering methodology (IEM) is a software engineering approach to designing and developing information systems.
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Intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many different ways to include the capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, and problem solving.
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Intrinsic and extrinsic properties
An intrinsic property is a property of a system or of a material itself or within.
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J. C. R. Licklider
Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider (March 11, 1915 – June 26, 1990), known simply as J. C. R. or "Lick", was an American psychologistMiller, G. A.
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James McClelland (psychologist)
James Lloyd "Jay" McClelland, FBA (born December 1, 1948) is the Lucie Stern Professor at Stanford University, where he was formerly the chair of the Psychology Department.
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Jerry Fodor
Jerry Alan Fodor (April 22, 1935 – November 29, 2017) was an American philosopher and cognitive scientist.
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John Locke
John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".
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John Searle
John Rogers Searle (born 31 July 1932) is an American philosopher.
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John von Neumann
John von Neumann (Neumann János Lajos,; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, and polymath.
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Knowledge
Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning.
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Knowledge-based systems
A knowledge-based system (KBS) is a computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to solve complex problems.
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Kurt Gödel
Kurt Friedrich Gödel (April 28, 1906 – January 14, 1978) was an Austrian, and later American, logician, mathematician, and philosopher.
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Language
Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.
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Language acquisition
Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.
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Lighthill report
The Lighthill report is the name commonly used for the paper "Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey" by James Lighthill, published in Artificial Intelligence: a paper symposium in 1973.
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Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context.
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Lisp (programming language)
Lisp (historically, LISP) is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix notation.
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List of cognitive scientists
Below are some notable researchers in cognitive science.
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Machine learning
Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence in the field of computer science that often uses statistical techniques to give computers the ability to "learn" (i.e., progressively improve performance on a specific task) with data, without being explicitly programmed.
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Magnetoencephalography
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional neuroimaging technique for mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers.
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Malleability of intelligence
Malleability of intelligence describes the processes by which intelligence can increase or decrease over time and is not static.
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Mark Johnson (philosopher)
Mark L. Johnson (born 24 May 1949 in Kansas City, Missouri) is Knight Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Oregon.
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Marvin Minsky
Marvin Lee Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive scientist concerned largely with research of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, and author of several texts concerning AI and philosophy.
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Medical optical imaging
Medical optical imaging is the use of light as an investigational imaging technique for medical applications.
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Memory
Memory is the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
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Meno
Meno (Μένων) is a Socratic dialogue written by Plato.
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Mind
The mind is a set of cognitive faculties including consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, language and memory.
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Mind–body dualism
Mind–body dualism, or mind–body duality, is a view in the philosophy of mind that mental phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical,Hart, W.D. (1996) "Dualism", in A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind, ed.
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MIT Sloan School of Management
The MIT Sloan School of Management (also known as MIT Sloan or Sloan) is the business school of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
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Model organism
A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.
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Morphology (linguistics)
In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.
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Multiple realizability
Multiple realizability, in the philosophy of mind, is the thesis that the same mental property, state, or event can be implemented by different physical properties, states, or events.
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Naturalistic observation
Naturalistic observation is, in contrast to analog observation, a research tool in which a subject is observed in its natural habitat without any manipulation by the observer.
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Nature versus nurture
The nature versus nurture debate involves whether human behaviour is determined by the environment, either prenatal or during a person's life, or by a person's genes.
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Neural circuit
A neural circuit, is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated.
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Neural Darwinism
Neural Darwinism, a large scale theory of brain function by Gerald Edelman, was initially published in 1978, in a book called The Mindful Brain (MIT Press).
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Neural network
The term neural network was traditionally used to refer to a network or circuit of neurons.
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Neuron
A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
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Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology is the study of the structure and function of the brain as they relate to specific psychological processes and behaviours.
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Neuroscience
Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system.
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Nicolas Malebranche
Nicolas Malebranche, Oratory of Jesus (6 August 1638 – 13 October 1715), was a French Oratorian priest and rationalist philosopher.
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Noam Chomsky
Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic and political activist.
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Noogenesis
Noogenesis (Ancient Greek: νοῦς.
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Olfaction
Olfaction is a chemoreception that forms the sense of smell.
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On the Soul
On the Soul (Greek Περὶ Ψυχῆς, Peri Psychēs; Latin De Anima) is a major treatise written by Aristotle c.350 B.C..
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Optical illusion
An optical illusion (also called a visual illusion) is an illusion caused by the visual system and characterized by a visual percept that (loosely said) appears to differ from reality.
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Orthography
An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language.
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Outline of human intelligence
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human intelligence: Human intelligence is, in the human species, the mental capacities to learn, understand, and reason, including the capacities to comprehend ideas, plan, solve problems, and use language to communicate.
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Outline of thought
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to thought (thinking): Thought (also called thinking) – the mental process in which beings form psychological associations and models of the world.
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Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the main historical dictionary of the English language, published by the Oxford University Press.
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Paul Thagard
Paul Thagard (born September 28, 1950) is a Canadian philosopher who specializes in philosophy, cognitive science, and the philosophy of science.
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Perception
Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.
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Personal information management
Personal information management (PIM) is the activities people perform in order to acquire, organize, maintain, retrieve and use personal information items such as documents (paper-based and digital), web pages and email messages for everyday use to complete tasks (work-related or not) and fulfill a person's various roles (as parent, employee, friend, member of community, etc.). More simply, PIM is the art of getting things done in our lives through information. Practically, PIM is concerned with how people organize and maintain personal information collections, and methods that can help people in doing so.
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Personoid
Personoid is the concept coined by Stanislaw Lem (1971), a Polish science-fiction writer.
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Persuasion
Persuasion is an umbrella term of influence.
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Philip Johnson-Laird
Philip N. Johnson-Laird (born 12 October 1936) is a professor at Princeton University's Department of Psychology and author of several notable books on human cognition and the psychology of reasoning.
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Philosophy of language
Philosophy of language explores the relationship between language and reality.
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Philosophy of mathematics
The philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that studies the assumptions, foundations, and implications of mathematics, and purports to provide a viewpoint of the nature and methodology of mathematics, and to understand the place of mathematics in people's lives.
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Philosophy of mind
Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind.
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Phonetics
Phonetics (pronounced) is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech, or—in the case of sign languages—the equivalent aspects of sign.
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Phonology
Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages.
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Phrase structure rules
Phrase structure rules are a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language's syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar, being first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957.
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Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis
Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis (5 June 1757 – 5 May 1808) was a French physiologist, freemason and materialist philosopher.
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Plato
Plato (Πλάτων Plátōn, in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
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Positron emission tomography
Positron-emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine functional imaging technique that is used to observe metabolic processes in the body as an aid to the diagnosis of disease.
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Postmortem studies
Postmortem Studies are a type of neurobiological research, which provides information to researchers and individuals who will have to make medical decisions in the future.
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Pragmatics
Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning.
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Procedural memory
Procedural memory is a type of implicit memory (unconscious memory) and long-term memory which aids the performance of particular types of tasks without conscious awareness of these previous experiences.
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Property
Property, in the abstract, is what belongs to or with something, whether as an attribute or as a component of said thing.
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Psychological nativism
In the field of psychology, nativism is the view that certain skills or abilities are "native" or hard-wired into the brain at birth.
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Psychology
Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.
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Psychology of reasoning
The psychology of reasoning is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions.
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Psychophysics
Psychophysics quantitatively investigates the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce.
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Quantum cognition
Quantum cognition is an emerging field which applies the mathematical formalism of quantum theory to model cognitive phenomena such as information processing by the human brain, language, decision making, human memory, concepts and conceptual reasoning, human judgment, and perception.
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Reason
Reason is the capacity for consciously making sense of things, establishing and verifying facts, applying logic, and changing or justifying practices, institutions, and beliefs based on new or existing information.
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René Descartes
René Descartes (Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.
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Rethinking Innateness
Rethinking Innateness: A connectionist perspective on development is a book regarding gene/environment interaction by Jeffrey Elman, Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Elizabeth Bates, Mark Johnson, Domenico Parisi, and Kim Plunkett published in 1996.
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Risk
Risk is the potential of gaining or losing something of value.
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Ron Sun
Ron Sun is a well known cognitive scientist.
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Science
R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.
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Scientific method
Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.
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Scott Atran
Scott Atran (born February 6, 1952) is a French-American anthropologist who is a Director of Research in Anthropology at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris, Research Professor at the University of Michigan, and cofounder of ARTIS International and of the at Oxford University.
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Self
The self is an individual person as the object of his or her own reflective consciousness.
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Semantic memory
Semantic memory is one of the two types of declarative or explicit memory (our memory of facts or events that is explicitly stored and retrieved).
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Semantics
Semantics (from σημαντικός sēmantikós, "significant") is the linguistic and philosophical study of meaning, in language, programming languages, formal logics, and semiotics.
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Sense
A sense is a physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception.
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Simulation
Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system.
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Single-photon emission computed tomography
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT, or less commonly, SPET) is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays.
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Single-unit recording
In neuroscience, single-unit recordings provide a method of measuring the electro-physiological responses of single neurons using a microelectrode system.
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Situated cognition
Situated cognition is a theory that posits that knowing is inseparable from doing by arguing that all knowledge is situated in activity bound to social, cultural and physical contexts.
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Soar (cognitive architecture)
Soar is a cognitive architecture, originally created by John Laird, Allen Newell, and at Carnegie Mellon University.
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Society of Mind
The Society of Mind is both the title of a 1986 book and the name of a theory of natural intelligence as written and developed by Marvin Minsky.
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Socio-cognitive
Socio-cognitive or sociocognitive describes how processes of group formation effect cognition, studied in cognitive sociology.
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Sociology
Sociology is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.
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Somatosensory system
The somatosensory system is a part of the sensory nervous system.
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Spatial cognition
Spatial cognition is concerned with the acquisition, organization, utilization, and revision of knowledge about spatial environments.
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Speech-language pathology
Speech-language pathology is a field of expertise practiced by a clinician known as a speech-language pathologist (SLP), also sometimes referred to as a speech and language therapist or a speech therapist. SLP is considered a "related health profession" along with audiology, optometry, occupational therapy, clinical psychology, physical therapy, and others.
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer-reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users.
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Steven Pinker
Steven Arthur Pinker (born September 18, 1954) is a Canadian-American cognitive psychologist, linguist, and popular science author.
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Symbolic artificial intelligence
Symbolic artificial intelligence is the term for the collection of all methods in artificial intelligence research that are based on high-level "symbolic" (human-readable) representations of problems, logic and search.
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Syntax
In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, usually including word order.
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Systemics
__notoc__ In the context of systems science and systems philosophy, systemics is an initiative to study systems from a holistic point of view.
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Systems theory
Systems theory is the interdisciplinary study of systems.
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Taste
Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.
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Theory of computation
In theoretical computer science and mathematics, the theory of computation is the branch that deals with how efficiently problems can be solved on a model of computation, using an algorithm.
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Thought
Thought encompasses a “goal oriented flow of ideas and associations that leads to reality-oriented conclusion.” Although thinking is an activity of an existential value for humans, there is no consensus as to how it is defined or understood.
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Transcranial direct-current stimulation
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of neurostimulation that uses constant, low direct current delivered via electrodes on the head; it can be contrasted with cranial electrotherapy stimulation which generally uses alternating current the same way.
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University of California, San Diego
The University of California, San Diego is a public research university located in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, California, in the United States.
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Vassar College
Vassar College is a private, coeducational, liberal arts college in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York, in the United States.
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Verbal Behavior
Verbal Behavior is a 1957 book by psychologist B. F. Skinner, in which he inspects human behavior, describing what is traditionally called linguistics.
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Visual perception
Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment.
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Von Neumann architecture
The von Neumann architecture, which is also known as the von Neumann model and Princeton architecture, is a computer architecture based on the 1945 description by the mathematician and physicist John von Neumann and others in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC.
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Walter Pitts
Walter Harry Pitts, Jr. (23 April 1923 – 14 May 1969) was a logician who worked in the field of computational neuroscience.
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Warren Sturgis McCulloch
Warren Sturgis McCulloch (November 16, 1898 – September 24, 1969) was an American neurophysiologist and cybernetician, known for his work on the foundation for certain brain theories and his contribution to the cybernetics movement.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_science
