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92 relations: Abnormal grain growth, Austenite, Axial-flow pump, Biochemistry, Calcium chloride, Cartesian coordinate system, Chemical compound, Chemical engineering, Concentration, Crystal, Crystal growth, Crystal habit, Crystal structure, Crystallite, Crystallization, Deposition (phase transition), Enthalpy, Entropy, Evaporation, Evaporator, Fluid dynamics, Fractional crystallization (chemistry), Freezing, Freezing-point depression, Frequency, Gas, Gemstone, Geologic time scale, Heat, Heat transfer, Honey, Human scale, Igneous differentiation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Koch snowflake, Laminar flow, Laser-heated pedestal growth, Latent heat, Medication, Menthol, Micro-pulling-down, Mineral, Mineral hydration, Mixing (process engineering), Molasses, Molecule, Mother liquor, Nucleation, Organic compound, PDF, ..., Polymorphism (materials science), Population balance equation, Precipitation (chemistry), Pressure, Process control, Protein, Protein crystallization, Pump, Pumpable ice technology, Quasicrystal, Recrystallization (chemistry), Recrystallization (metallurgy), Reynolds number, Salting out, Screw, Second law of thermodynamics, Seed crystal, Settling, Single crystal, Slurry, Snowflake, Sodium acetate, Sodium chloride, Sodium sulfate, Solid, Solubility, Solution, Solvent, Stalactite, Stalagmite, Sucrose, Supercooling, Supersaturation, Surface tension, Suspension (chemistry), Symplectite, Temperature, Turbulence, Velocity, Viscosity, Vitrification, X-ray crystallography. Expand index (42 more) »
Abnormal grain growth
Abnormal or discontinuous grain growth, also referred to as exaggerated or secondary recrystallisation grain growth, is a grain growth phenomenon through which certain energetically favorable grains (crystallites) grow rapidly in a matrix of finer grains resulting in a bimodal grain size distribution.
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Austenite
Austenite, also known as gamma-phase iron (γ-Fe), is a metallic, non-magnetic allotrope of iron or a solid solution of iron, with an alloying element.
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Axial-flow pump
An axial-flow pump, or AFP, is a common type of pump that essentially consists of a propeller (an axial impeller) in a pipe.
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Biochemistry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
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Calcium chloride
Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2.
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Cartesian coordinate system
A Cartesian coordinate system is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.
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Chemical compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.
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Chemical engineering
Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that uses principles of chemistry, physics, mathematics and economics to efficiently use, produce, transform, and transport chemicals, materials and energy.
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Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
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Crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
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Crystal growth
Crystal growth is the process where a pre-existing crystal becomes larger as more molecules or ions add in their positions in the crystal lattice.
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Crystal habit
In mineralogy, crystal habit is the characteristic external shape of an individual crystal or crystal group.
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Crystal structure
In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a crystalline material.
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Crystallite
A crystallite is a small or even microscopic crystal which forms, for example, during the cooling of many materials.
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Crystallization
Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process by which a solid forms, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal.
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Deposition (phase transition)
Deposition is a thermodynamic process, a phase transition in which gas transforms into solid without passing through the liquid phase.
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Enthalpy
Enthalpy is a property of a thermodynamic system.
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Entropy
In statistical mechanics, entropy is an extensive property of a thermodynamic system.
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Evaporation
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gaseous phase before reaching its boiling point.
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Evaporator
An evaporator is a device in a process used to turn the liquid form of a chemical substance such as water into its gaseous-form/vapor.
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Fluid dynamics
In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids - liquids and gases.
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Fractional crystallization (chemistry)
In chemistry, fractional crystallization is a method of refining substances based on differences in solubility.
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Freezing
Freezing, or solidification, is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point.
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Freezing-point depression
Freezing-point depression is the decrease of the freezing point of a solvent on addition of a non-volatile solute.
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Frequency
Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.
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Gas
Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).
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Gemstone
A gemstone (also called a gem, fine gem, jewel, precious stone, or semi-precious stone) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.
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Geologic time scale
The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time.
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Heat
In thermodynamics, heat is energy transferred from one system to another as a result of thermal interactions.
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Heat transfer
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems.
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Honey
Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance produced by bees and some related insects.
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Human scale
Human scale is the set of physical qualities, and quantities of information, characterizing the human body, its motor, sensory, or mental capabilities, and human social institutions.
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Igneous differentiation
In geology, igneous differentiation, or magmatic differentiation, is an umbrella term for the various processes by which magmas undergo bulk chemical change during the partial melting process, cooling, emplacement, or eruption.
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Illinois Institute of Technology
Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech or IIT) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
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Koch snowflake
The Koch snowflake (also known as the Koch curve, Koch star, or Koch island) is a mathematical curve and one of the earliest fractal curves to have been described.
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Laminar flow
In fluid dynamics, laminar flow (or streamline flow) occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers.
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Laser-heated pedestal growth
Laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) or laser floating zone (LFZ) is a crystal growth technique.
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Latent heat
Latent heat is thermal energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process — usually a first-order phase transition.
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Menthol
Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from corn mint, peppermint, or other mint oils.
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Micro-pulling-down
The micro-pulling-down (µ-PD) method is a crystal growth technique based on continuous transport of the melted substance through micro-channel(s) made in a crucible bottom.
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Mineral
A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes.
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Mineral hydration
Mineral hydration is an inorganic chemical reaction where water is added to the crystal structure of a mineral, usually creating a new mineral, usually called a hydrate.
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Mixing (process engineering)
In industrial process engineering, mixing is a unit operation that involves manipulation of a heterogeneous physical system with the intent to make it more homogeneous.
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Molasses
Molasses, or black treacle (British, for human consumption; known as molasses otherwise), is a viscous product resulting from refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar.
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Mother liquor
A mother liquor is the part of a solution that is left over after crystallization.
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Nucleation
Nucleation is the first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or a new structure via self-assembly or self-organization.
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Organic compound
In chemistry, an organic compound is generally any chemical compound that contains carbon.
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The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed in the 1990s to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
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Polymorphism (materials science)
In materials science, polymorphism is the ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure.
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Population balance equation
Population balance equations (PBEs) have been introduced in several branches of modern science, mainly in Chemical Engineering, to describe the evolution of a population of particles.
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Precipitation (chemistry)
Precipitation is the creation of a solid from a solution.
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Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
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Process control
Automatic process control in continuous production processes is a combination of control engineering and chemical engineering disciplines that uses industrial control systems to achieve a production level of consistency, economy and safety which could not be achieved purely by human manual control.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein crystallization
Protein crystallization is the process of formation of a protein crystal.
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Pump
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action.
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Pumpable ice technology
Pumpable ice (PI) technology is a technology to produce and use fluids or secondary refrigerants, also called coolants, with the viscosity of water or jelly and the cooling capacity of ice.
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Quasicrystal
A quasiperiodic crystal, or quasicrystal, is a structure that is ordered but not periodic.
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Recrystallization (chemistry)
In chemistry, recrystallization is a technique used to purify chemicals.
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Recrystallization (metallurgy)
Recrystallization is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of defects-free grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed.
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Reynolds number
The Reynolds number is an important dimensionless quantity in fluid mechanics used to help predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations.
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Salting out
Salting out (also known as salt-induced precipitation, salt fractionation, anti-solvent crystallization, precipitation crystallization, or drowning out) is an effect based on the electrolyte-non electrolyte interaction, in which the non-electrolyte could be less soluble at high salt concentrations.
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Screw
A screw is a type of fastener, in some ways similar to a bolt (see Differentiation between bolt and screw below), typically made of metal, and characterized by a helical ridge, known as a male thread (external thread).
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Second law of thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.
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Seed crystal
A seed crystal is a small piece of single crystal or polycrystal material from which a large crystal of typically the same material is to be grown in a laboratory.
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Settling
Settling is the process by which particulates settle to the bottom of a liquid and form a sediment.
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Single crystal
A single crystal or monocrystalline solid is a material in which the crystal lattice of the entire sample is continuous and unbroken to the edges of the sample, with no grain boundaries.
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Slurry
A slurry is a thin sloppy mud or cement or, in extended use, any fluid mixture of a pulverized solid with a liquid (usually water), often used as a convenient way of handling solids in bulk.
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Snowflake
A snowflake is a single ice crystal that has achieved a sufficient size, and may have amalgamated with others, then falls through the Earth's atmosphere as snow.
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Sodium acetate
Sodium acetate, CH3COONa, also abbreviated NaOAc, is the sodium salt of acetic acid.
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Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
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Sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfate, also known as sulfate of soda, is the inorganic compound with formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates.
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Solid
Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being liquid, gas, and plasma).
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Solubility
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent.
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Solution
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
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Solvent
A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically distinct liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution.
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Stalactite
A stalactite (from the Greek stalasso, (σταλάσσω), "to drip", and meaning "that which drips") is a type of formation that hangs from the ceiling of caves, hot springs, or manmade structures such as bridges and mines.
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Stalagmite
A stalagmite (or; from the Greek σταλαγμίτης -, from σταλαγμίας -, "dropping, trickling") is a type of rock formation that rises from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation of material deposited on the floor from ceiling drippings.
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Sucrose
Sucrose is common table sugar.
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Supercooling
Supercooling, also known as undercooling, is the process of lowering the temperature of a liquid or a gas below its freezing point without it becoming a solid.
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Supersaturation
Supersaturation is a state of a solution that contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances.
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Surface tension
Surface tension is the elastic tendency of a fluid surface which makes it acquire the least surface area possible.
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Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation.
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Symplectite
A symplectite (or symplektite) is a material texture: a micrometre-scale or submicrometre-scale intergrowth of two or more crystals.
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Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.
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Turbulence
In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is any pattern of fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity.
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Velocity
The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time.
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Viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.
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Vitrification
Vitrification (from Latin vitreum, "glass" via French vitrifier) is the transformation of a substance into a glass, that is to say a non-crystalline amorphous solid.
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X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography is a technique used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization
