Table of Contents
118 relations: Acetaldehyde, Acetyl group, Acetylcysteine, Acid dissociation constant, Alanine, Alcohol dehydrogenase, Amino acid, Antidote, Antioxidant, Bacteria, Ball-and-stick model, Caspase, Chemical formula, Conjugate (acid-base theory), Coordination complex, Cystathionine, Cystathionine beta synthase, Cystathionine gamma-lyase, Cysteine metabolism, Cysteine synthase, Cystine, Cystinuria, Cytochrome P450, Cytosol, Dehydroascorbic acid, Dimerization (chemistry), Disulfide, Dough conditioner, E number, Enantiomer, Endoplasmic reticulum, Enzyme, Escherichia coli, Essential amino acid, Eugen Baumann, Evonik Industries, Free University of Berlin, Genetic code, Glutamic acid, Glutathione, Glycine, Hair, Halal, Hangover, Heavy metals, Homocysteine, Hydrogenase, Hydrolysis, Hydrophile, Hydrophobicity scales, ... Expand index (68 more) »
- Excitatory amino acids
- Glucogenic amino acids
- Proteinogenic amino acids
- Sulfur amino acids
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde (IUPAC systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3 CHO, sometimes abbreviated as MeCHO.
Acetyl group
In organic chemistry, acetyl is a functional group with the chemical formula and the structure.
Acetylcysteine
Acetylcysteine, also known as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), not to be confused with N-Acetylcarnosine, which is also abbreviated "NAC," is a medication that is used to treat paracetamol overdose and to loosen thick mucus in individuals with chronic bronchopulmonary disorders like pneumonia and bronchitis. Cysteine and Acetylcysteine are Alpha-Amino acids and thiols.
See Cysteine and Acetylcysteine
Acid dissociation constant
In chemistry, an acid dissociation constant (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant; denoted) is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution.
See Cysteine and Acid dissociation constant
Alanine
Alanine (symbol Ala or A), or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Cysteine and Alanine are Alpha-Amino acids, Glucogenic amino acids and proteinogenic amino acids.
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to NADH.
See Cysteine and Alcohol dehydrogenase
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.
Antidote
An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning.
Antioxidant
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation (usually occurring as autoxidation), a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals.
Bacteria
Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.
Ball-and-stick model
In chemistry, the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them.
See Cysteine and Ball-and-stick model
Caspase
Caspases (cysteine-aspartic proteases, cysteine aspartases or cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed proteases) are a family of protease enzymes playing essential roles in programmed cell death.
Chemical formula
A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.
See Cysteine and Chemical formula
Conjugate (acid-base theory)
A conjugate acid, within the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, is a chemical compound formed when an acid gives a proton to a base—in other words, it is a base with a hydrogen ion added to it, as it loses a hydrogen ion in the reverse reaction.
See Cysteine and Conjugate (acid-base theory)
Coordination complex
A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.
See Cysteine and Coordination complex
Cystathionine
Cystathionine is an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine from homocysteine. Cysteine and Cystathionine are Alpha-Amino acids and sulfur amino acids.
See Cysteine and Cystathionine
Cystathionine beta synthase
Cystathionine-β-synthase, also known as CBS, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CBS gene.
See Cysteine and Cystathionine beta synthase
Cystathionine gamma-lyase
The enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (EC 4.4.1.1, CTH or CSE; also cystathionase; systematic name L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating; 2-oxobutanoate-forming)) breaks down cystathionine into cysteine, 2-oxobutanoate (α-ketobutyrate), and ammonia: Pyridoxal phosphate is a prosthetic group of this enzyme.
See Cysteine and Cystathionine gamma-lyase
Cysteine metabolism
Cysteine metabolism refers to the biological pathways that consume or create cysteine. Cysteine and cysteine metabolism are Alpha-Amino acids and sulfur amino acids.
See Cysteine and Cysteine metabolism
Cysteine synthase
In enzymology, a cysteine synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ''O''3-acetyl-L-serine and hydrogen sulfide, whereas its two products are L-cysteine and acetate.
See Cysteine and Cysteine synthase
Cystine
Cystine is the oxidized derivative of the amino acid cysteine and has the formula (SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H)2. Cysteine and Cystine are Alpha-Amino acids and sulfur amino acids.
Cystinuria
Cystinuria is an inherited autosomal recessive disease characterized by high concentrations of the amino acid cystine in the urine, leading to the formation of cystine stones in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases.
See Cysteine and Cytochrome P450
Cytosol
The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)).
Dehydroascorbic acid
Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) is an oxidized form of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
See Cysteine and Dehydroascorbic acid
Dimerization (chemistry)
In chemistry, dimerization is the process of joining two identical or similar molecular entities by bonds.
See Cysteine and Dimerization (chemistry)
Disulfide
In chemistry, a disulfide (or disulphide in British English) is a compound containing a functional group or the anion.
Dough conditioner
A dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, improving agent or bread improver is any ingredient or chemical added to bread dough to strengthen its texture or otherwise improve it in some way. Cysteine and dough conditioner are food additives.
See Cysteine and Dough conditioner
E number
E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Cysteine and e number are food additives.
Enantiomer
In chemistry, an enantiomer (/ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/ ''ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər''; from Ancient Greek ἐναντίος (enantíos) 'opposite', and μέρος (méros) 'part') – also called optical isomer, antipode, or optical antipode – is one of two stereoisomers that are nonsuperposable onto their own mirror image.
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding.
See Cysteine and Endoplasmic reticulum
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coliWells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.
See Cysteine and Escherichia coli
Essential amino acid
An essential amino acid, or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized from scratch by the organism fast enough to supply its demand, and must therefore come from the diet.
See Cysteine and Essential amino acid
Eugen Baumann
Eugen Baumann (12 December 1846 – 3 November 1896) was a German chemist.
See Cysteine and Eugen Baumann
Evonik Industries
Evonik Industries AG is a publicly-listed German specialty chemicals company headquartered in Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
See Cysteine and Evonik Industries
Free University of Berlin
The Free University of Berlin (often abbreviated as FU Berlin or simply FU) is a public research university in Berlin.
See Cysteine and Free University of Berlin
Genetic code
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins.
Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; the anionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. Cysteine and Glutamic acid are e-number additives, Excitatory amino acids, Glucogenic amino acids and proteinogenic amino acids.
See Cysteine and Glutamic acid
Glutathione
Glutathione (GSH) is an organic compound with the chemical formula. Cysteine and Glutathione are thiols.
Glycine
Glycine (symbol Gly or G) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. Cysteine and Glycine are e-number additives, Glucogenic amino acids and proteinogenic amino acids.
Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis.
Halal
Halal (حلال) is an Arabic word that translates to in English.
Hangover
A hangover is the experience of various unpleasant physiological and psychological effects usually following the consumption of alcohol, such as wine, beer, and liquor.
Heavy metals
pp.
Homocysteine
Homocysteine or Hcy: is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid. Cysteine and Homocysteine are Alpha-Amino acids, Excitatory amino acids, sulfur amino acids and thiols.
Hydrogenase
A hydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyses the reversible oxidation of molecular hydrogen (H2), as shown below: Hydrogen uptake is coupled to the reduction of electron acceptors such as oxygen, nitrate, sulfate, carbon dioxide, and fumarate.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.
Hydrophile
A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water.
Hydrophobicity scales
Hydrophobicity scales are values that define the relative hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of amino acid residues.
See Cysteine and Hydrophobicity scales
Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom.
See Cysteine and Hydroxy group
Insulin
Insulin (from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (INS) gene.
Iron–sulfur cluster
Iron–sulfur clusters are molecular ensembles of iron and sulfide.
See Cysteine and Iron–sulfur cluster
Α-Ketobutyric acid
α-Ketobutyric acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH2C(O)CO2H.
See Cysteine and Α-Ketobutyric acid
Kashrut
(also or, כַּשְׁרוּת) is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law.
Keratin
Keratin is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins.
Lethal dose
In toxicology, the lethal dose (LD) is an indication of the lethal toxicity of a given substance or type of radiation.
Ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule with a functional group that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.
Ligand (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.
See Cysteine and Ligand (biochemistry)
Ligase
In biochemistry, a ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond.
Maillard reaction
The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars to create melanoidins, the compounds which give browned food its distinctive flavor.
See Cysteine and Maillard reaction
Malabsorption
Malabsorption is a state arising from abnormality in absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
See Cysteine and Malabsorption
Maleimide
Maleimide is a chemical compound with the formula H2C2(CO)2NH (see diagram).
Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Metallothionein
Metallothionein (MT) is a family of cysteine-rich, low molecular weight (MW ranging from 500 to 14000 Da) proteins.
See Cysteine and Metallothionein
Methionine
Methionine (symbol Met or M) is an essential amino acid in humans. Cysteine and Methionine are Alpha-Amino acids, Glucogenic amino acids, proteinogenic amino acids and sulfur amino acids.
Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.
Michael addition reaction
In organic chemistry, the Michael reaction or Michael 1,4 addition is a reaction between a Michael donor (an enolate or other nucleophile) and a Michael acceptor (usually an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl) to produce a Michael adduct by creating a carbon-carbon bond at the acceptor's β-carbon.
See Cysteine and Michael addition reaction
Monomer
A monomer (mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.
Montreal Kosher
Montreal Kosher, also known as MK Kosher, is a based in Montreal, Canada.
See Cysteine and Montreal Kosher
Nitrogenase
Nitrogenases are enzymes that are produced by certain bacteria, such as cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria) and rhizobacteria.
Nucleophile
In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair.
O-Acetylserine
O-Acetylserine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2OC(O)CH3. Cysteine and o-Acetylserine are Alpha-Amino acids.
See Cysteine and O-Acetylserine
Optical rotation
Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials.
See Cysteine and Optical rotation
Paracetamol
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain.
Perm (hairstyle)
A permanent wave, commonly called a perm or permanent (sometimes called a "curly perm" to distinguish it from a "straight perm"), is a hairstyle consisting of waves or curls set into the hair.
See Cysteine and Perm (hairstyle)
Plant
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.
Plastocyanin
Plastocyanin is a copper-containing protein that mediates electron-transfer.
Post-translational modification
In molecular biology, post-translational modification (PTM) is the covalent process of changing proteins following protein biosynthesis.
See Cysteine and Post-translational modification
Precursor (chemistry)
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.
See Cysteine and Precursor (chemistry)
Prenylation
Prenylation (also known as isoprenylation or lipidation) is the addition of hydrophobic molecules to a protein or a biomolecule.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.
See Cysteine and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Protein disulfide-isomerase
Protein disulfide isomerase, or PDI, is an enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes and the periplasm of bacteria that catalyzes the formation and breakage of disulfide bonds between cysteine residues within proteins as they fold.
See Cysteine and Protein disulfide-isomerase
Protein splicing
Protein splicing is an intramolecular reaction of a particular protein in which an internal protein segment (called an intein) is removed from a precursor protein with a ligation of C-terminal and N-terminal external proteins (called exteins) on both sides.
See Cysteine and Protein splicing
Protein structure
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule.
See Cysteine and Protein structure
Proteinogenic amino acid
Proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation. Cysteine and Proteinogenic amino acid are Alpha-Amino acids and proteinogenic amino acids.
See Cysteine and Proteinogenic amino acid
Rat
Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents.
See Cysteine and Rat
Reducing atmosphere
A reducing atmosphere is an atmospheric condition in which oxidation is prevented by absence of oxygen and other oxidizing gases or vapours, and which may contain actively reductant gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen sulfide that would be readily oxidized to remove any free oxygen.
See Cysteine and Reducing atmosphere
S-Adenosyl methionine
S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM), also known under the commercial names of SAMe, SAM-e, or AdoMet, is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation. Cysteine and s-Adenosyl methionine are Alpha-Amino acids.
See Cysteine and S-Adenosyl methionine
S-Methylcysteine
S-Methylcysteine is the amino acid with the nominal formula CH3SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H. Cysteine and s-Methylcysteine are Alpha-Amino acids and sulfur amino acids.
See Cysteine and S-Methylcysteine
Saville reaction
The Saville reaction is a chemical reaction in which mercury replaces a nitrosyl from a thiol group.
See Cysteine and Saville reaction
Selenium
Selenium is a chemical element; it has the symbol Se and atomic number 34.
Selenocysteine
Selenocysteine (symbol Sec or U, in older publications also as Se-Cys) is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid. Cysteine and Selenocysteine are Alpha-Amino acids and proteinogenic amino acids.
See Cysteine and Selenocysteine
Serine
Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Cysteine and Serine are Alpha-Amino acids, Glucogenic amino acids and proteinogenic amino acids.
Serine O-acetyltransferase
In enzymology, a serine O-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and L-serine, whereas its two products are CoA and ''O''-acetyl-L-serine.
See Cysteine and Serine O-acetyltransferase
Sheep
Sheep (sheep) or domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are a domesticated, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.
Site-directed spin labeling
Site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) is a technique for investigating the structure and local dynamics of proteins using electron spin resonance.
See Cysteine and Site-directed spin labeling
Skeletal formula
The skeletal formula, line-angle formula, bond-line formula or shorthand formula of an organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula that serves as a shorthand representation of a molecule's bonding and some details of its molecular geometry.
See Cysteine and Skeletal formula
Space-filling model
In chemistry, a space-filling model, also known as a calotte model, is a type of three-dimensional (3D) molecular model where the atoms are represented by spheres whose radii are proportional to the radii of the atoms and whose center-to-center distances are proportional to the distances between the atomic nuclei, all in the same scale.
See Cysteine and Space-filling model
Sulfide
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.
Sulfinic acid
Sulfinic acids are oxoacids of sulfur with the structure RSO(OH).
See Cysteine and Sulfinic acid
Sulfonic acid
In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the group a sulfonyl hydroxide.
See Cysteine and Sulfonic acid
Sullivan reaction
The Sullivan reaction is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of cysteine or cystine in proteins.
See Cysteine and Sullivan reaction
Syndrome
A syndrome is a set of medical signs and symptoms which are correlated with each other and often associated with a particular disease or disorder.
Thiamine
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B1, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient for humans and animals.
Thiazolidine
Thiazolidine is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula (CH2)3(NH)S.
Thiazoline
Thiazolines (or dihydrothiazoles) are a group of isomeric 5-membered heterocyclic compounds containing both sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.
Thiol
In organic chemistry, a thiol, or thiol derivative, is any organosulfur compound of the form, where R represents an alkyl or other organic substituent. Cysteine and thiol are thiols.
Thioproline
Thioproline is a nonproteinogenic amino acid with the formula, although it crystallizes as the zwitterion. Cysteine and Thioproline are Alpha-Amino acids.
Threonine
Threonine (symbol Thr or T) is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Cysteine and Threonine are Alpha-Amino acids, Glucogenic amino acids and proteinogenic amino acids.
Transgene
A transgene is a gene that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques, from one organism to another.
Treatment and control groups
In the design of experiments, hypotheses are applied to experimental units in a treatment group.
See Cysteine and Treatment and control groups
Tyrosine
-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. Cysteine and tyrosine are Alpha-Amino acids, Glucogenic amino acids and proteinogenic amino acids.
Ubiquitin
Ubiquitin is a small (8.6 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e., it is found ''ubiquitously''.
University of Helsinki
The University of Helsinki (Helsingin yliopisto, Helsingfors universitet; UH) is a public university in Helsinki, Finland.
See Cysteine and University of Helsinki
Zinc finger
A zinc finger is a small protein structural motif that is characterized by the coordination of one or more zinc ions (Zn2+) which stabilizes the fold.
Zwitterion
In chemistry, a zwitterion, also called an inner salt or dipolar ion, is a molecule that contains an equal number of positively and negatively charged functional groups.
See also
Excitatory amino acids
- Aspartic acid
- Cysteine
- Glutamic acid
- Homocysteine
- Proline
Glucogenic amino acids
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Asparagine
- Aspartic acid
- Cysteine
- Glucogenic amino acid
- Glutamic acid
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Isoleucine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Proline
- Proline isomerization in epigenetics
- Serine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Tyrosine
- Valine
Proteinogenic amino acids
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Arginine and proline metabolism
- Asparagine
- Cysteine
- Essential amino acids
- Glutamic acid
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Histidine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Proline
- Proteinogenic amino acid
- Pyrrolysine
- Selenocysteine
- Selenocystine
- Serine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Tyrosine
- Valine
Sulfur amino acids
- Alliin
- Cystathionine
- Cysteic acid
- Cysteine
- Cysteine metabolism
- Cysteine methyl ester
- Cysteine sulfinic acid
- Cysteinyldopa
- Cystine
- Djenkolic acid
- Ethionine
- Felinine
- Glycylmethionine
- Hawkinsin
- Homocysteine
- Lanthionine
- Lanthionine ketimine
- Methionine
- Methionyl-tyrosine
- Methionylglycine
- N-Formylmethionine
- Remethylation
- S-Allylcysteine
- S-Aminoethyl-L-cysteine
- S-Methylcysteine
- S-Methylmethionine
References
Also known as C3H7NO2S, Cys, Cystein, Cysteine biosynthetic pathway, Cysteine endopeptidases, Cysteine hydrochloride, Cysteines, Cysteinyl, E910, E920, L-Cysteine, L-cysteine hydrochloride, L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate.