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194 relations: Acoustic model, Alexey Ivakhnenko, Algorithm, AlphaGo, Amazon Alexa, American English, Andrew Ng, Applications of artificial intelligence, Artificial general intelligence, Artificial intelligence in healthcare, Artificial neural network, Artificial neuron, Atari, Augmented reality, Autoencoder, Automatic differentiation, Automatic image annotation, Axon, Backpropagation, Baidu, Bayesian inference, Behavioral modernity, Ben Goertzel, Bernard Widrow, Bigram, Bioinformatics, Biomolecule, Black box, Board game, Boltzmann machine, Boolean algebra, Brain, Brendan Frey, Causality, Cerebellar model articulation controller, Christopher Bishop, Classification, Cognitive neuroscience, Commonsense reasoning, Comparison of deep learning software, Compressed sensing, Computer vision, Connectionism, Continuous function, Convolution, Convolutional neural network, Cortana, Cumulative distribution function, Customer lifetime value, Cytotoxicity, ..., DARPA, Decision tree, Deductive reasoning, Deep belief network, Deep Image Prior, DeepMind, Development of the nervous system, Dialect, Direct marketing, Domain knowledge, Dropout (neural networks), Drug design, Ebola virus, Echo state network, Electronic health record, End-to-end principle, Example-based machine translation, Facebook, Facial recognition system, Feature engineering, Feature extraction, Feature learning, Feedforward neural network, Food and Drug Administration, Gabor filter, Gary Marcus, Gene ontology, Generalization, Generative model, Genetic algorithm, Geoffrey Hinton, George Cybenko, Go (game), Google, Google Brain, Google Now, Google Translate, Google Voice Search, Grammar induction, Graphics processing unit, Greedy algorithm, Group method of data handling, Hidden Markov model, IFlytek, ImageNet, Inference, Inpainting, Inverse problem, Jürgen Schmidhuber, John Hopfield, Kumpati S. Narendra, Labeled data, Language model, Liquid state machine, List of artificial intelligence projects, List of datasets for machine learning research, Logic programming, Long short-term memory, Machine learning, Machine translation, Malware, Mathematical optimization, Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems, Matrix (mathematics), MIT Technology Review, Mixture model, MNIST database, Multi-task learning, Multiple sclerosis, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Institutes of Health, National Security Agency, Natural language processing, Nature (journal), Neocognitron, Neocortex, Nerve growth factor, Nervous system, Neural circuit, Neural coding, Neural Computation (journal), Neuroscience, Noise reduction, Nonlinear filter, Nuance Communications, Nvidia, Overfitting, Perceptron, Peter Dayan, Primitive data type, Principal component analysis, Probabilistic context-free grammar, Probability, Production (computer science), Propositional formula, Psychedelic art, Real number, Recurrent neural network, Regression analysis, Regularization (mathematics), Reservoir computing, Restricted Boltzmann machine, RFM (customer value), Rina Dechter, Self-organization, Semi-supervised learning, Sentiment analysis, Sepp Hochreiter, Seppo Linnainmaa, Sigmoid function, Siri, Skype Translator, Social network, Sparse matrix, Speech recognition, SRI International, Statistical parsing, Stephen Wolfram, Stop sign, Supervised learning, Support vector machine, Synapse, Test (assessment), The Economist, The Guardian, TIMIT, TinEye, Training, Transducer, Transfer learning, Universal approximation theorem, Unsupervised learning, Vanishing gradient problem, Vector space, VentureBeat, Wake-sleep algorithm, Watson (computer), Waveform, Word embedding, Word2vec, Xbox, Yann LeCun, ZIP Code. Expand index (144 more) »
Acoustic model
An acoustic model is used in automatic speech recognition to represent the relationship between an audio signal and the phonemes or other linguistic units that make up speech.
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Alexey Ivakhnenko
Alexey Ivakhnenko (Олексíй Григо́рович Іва́хненко, Алексей Григо́рьевич Іва́хненко); (30 March 1913 – 16 October 2007) was a Soviet and Ukrainian mathematician most famous for developing the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), a method of inductive statistical learning, for which he is sometimes referred to as the "Father of Deep Learning".
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Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.
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AlphaGo
AlphaGo is a computer program that plays the board game Go.
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Amazon Alexa
Amazon Alexa is a virtual assistant developed by Amazon, first used in the Amazon Echo and the Amazon Echo Dot smart speakers developed by Amazon Lab126.
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American English
American English (AmE, AE, AmEng, USEng, en-US), sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States.
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Andrew Ng
Andrew Yan-Tak Ng (born 1976) is a Chinese American computer scientist and entrepreneur.
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Applications of artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence, defined as intelligence exhibited by machines, has many applications in today's society.
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Artificial general intelligence
Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is the intelligence of a machine that could successfully perform any intellectual task that a human being can.
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Artificial intelligence in healthcare
Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is the use of algorithms and software to approximate human cognition in the analysis of complex medical data.
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Artificial neural network
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) or connectionist systems are computing systems vaguely inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains.
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Artificial neuron
An artificial neuron is a mathematical function conceived as a model of biological neurons, a neural network.
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Atari
Atari is a corporate and brand name owned by several entities since its inception in 1972, currently by Atari Interactive, a subsidiary of the French publisher Atari, SA.
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Augmented reality
Augmented Reality (AR) is an interactive experience of a real-world environment whose elements are "augmented" by computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory, and olfactory.
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Autoencoder
An autoencoder is a type of artificial neural network used to learn efficient data codings in an unsupervised manner.
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Automatic differentiation
In mathematics and computer algebra, automatic differentiation (AD), also called algorithmic differentiation or computational differentiation, is a set of techniques to numerically evaluate the derivative of a function specified by a computer program.
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Automatic image annotation
Automatic image annotation (also known as automatic image tagging or linguistic indexing) is the process by which a computer system automatically assigns metadata in the form of captioning or keywords to a digital image.
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Axon
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials, away from the nerve cell body.
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Backpropagation
Backpropagation is a method used in artificial neural networks to calculate a gradient that is needed in the calculation of the weights to be used in the network.
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Baidu
Baidu, Inc. (anglicized), incorporated on 18 January 2000, is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products, and artificial intelligence, headquartered at the Baidu Campus in Beijing's Haidian District.
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Bayesian inference
Bayesian inference is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to update the probability for a hypothesis as more evidence or information becomes available.
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Behavioral modernity
Behavioral modernity is a suite of behavioral and cognitive traits that distinguishes current Homo sapiens from other anatomically modern humans, hominins, and primates.
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Ben Goertzel
Ben Goertzel (born December 8, 1966) is the founder and CEO of SingularityNET, a blockchain-based AI marketplace.
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Bernard Widrow
Bernard Widrow (born December 24, 1929) is a U.S. professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University.
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Bigram
A bigram or digram is a sequence of two adjacent elements from a string of tokens, which are typically letters, syllables, or words.
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Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data.
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Biomolecule
A biomolecule or biological molecule is a loosely used term for molecules and ions that are present in organisms, essential to some typically biological process such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development.
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Black box
In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a device, system or object which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs (or transfer characteristics), without any knowledge of its internal workings.
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Board game
A board game is a tabletop game that involves counters or moved or placed on a pre-marked surface or "board", according to a set of rules.
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Boltzmann machine
A Boltzmann machine (also called stochastic Hopfield network with hidden units) is a type of stochastic recurrent neural network (and Markov random field).
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Boolean algebra
In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is the branch of algebra in which the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0 respectively.
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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Brendan Frey
Brendan John Frey FRSC (born 29 August 1968) is a Canadian-born machine learning and genome biology researcher, known mainly for his work on factor graphs, the wake-sleep algorithm for deep learning, and using machine learning to model genome biology and understand genetic disorders.
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Causality
Causality (also referred to as causation, or cause and effect) is what connects one process (the cause) with another process or state (the effect), where the first is partly responsible for the second, and the second is partly dependent on the first.
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Cerebellar model articulation controller
The cerebellar model arithmetic computer (CMAC) is a type of neural network based on a model of the mammalian cerebellum.
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Christopher Bishop
Christopher Michael Bishop (born 7 April 1959) is the Laboratory Director at Microsoft Research Cambridge, Professor of Computer Science at the University of Edinburgh and a Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge.
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Classification
Classification is a process related to categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood.
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Cognitive neuroscience
The term cognitive neuroscience was coined by George Armitage Miller and Michael Gazzaniga in year 1976.
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Commonsense reasoning
Commonsense reasoning is one of the branches of artificial intelligence (AI) that is concerned with simulating the human ability to make presumptions about the type and essence of ordinary situations they encounter every day.
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Comparison of deep learning software
The following table compares some of the most popular software frameworks, libraries and computer programs for deep learning.
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Compressed sensing
Compressed sensing (also known as compressive sensing, compressive sampling, or sparse sampling) is a signal processing technique for efficiently acquiring and reconstructing a signal, by finding solutions to underdetermined linear systems.
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Computer vision
Computer vision is a field that deals with how computers can be made for gaining high-level understanding from digital images or videos.
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Connectionism
Connectionism is an approach in the fields of cognitive science, that hopes to represent mental phenomena using artificial neural networks.
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Continuous function
In mathematics, a continuous function is a function for which sufficiently small changes in the input result in arbitrarily small changes in the output.
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Convolution
In mathematics (and, in particular, functional analysis) convolution is a mathematical operation on two functions (f and g) to produce a third function, that is typically viewed as a modified version of one of the original functions, giving the integral of the pointwise multiplication of the two functions as a function of the amount that one of the original functions is translated.
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Convolutional neural network
In machine learning, a convolutional neural network (CNN, or ConvNet) is a class of deep, feed-forward artificial neural networks, most commonly applied to analyzing visual imagery.
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Cortana
Cortana is a virtual assistant created by Microsoft for Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Windows Phone 8.1, Invoke smart speaker, Microsoft Band, Xbox One, iOS, Android, Windows Mixed Reality, and soon Amazon Alexa.
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Cumulative distribution function
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF, also cumulative density function) of a real-valued random variable X, or just distribution function of X, evaluated at x, is the probability that X will take a value less than or equal to x. In the case of a continuous distribution, it gives the area under the probability density function from minus infinity to x. Cumulative distribution functions are also used to specify the distribution of multivariate random variables.
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Customer lifetime value
In marketing, customer lifetime value (CLV or often CLTV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or life-time value (LTV) is a prediction of the net profit attributed to the entire future relationship with a customer.
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Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells.
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DARPA
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.
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Decision tree
A decision tree is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like graph or model of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility.
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Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic, logical deduction is the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion.
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Deep belief network
In machine learning, a deep belief network (DBN) is a generative graphical model, or alternatively a class of deep neural network, composed of multiple layers of latent variables ("hidden units"), with connections between the layers but not between units within each layer.
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Deep Image Prior
Deep Image Prior is a type of convolutional neural network used to enhance a given image with no prior training data other than the image itself.
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DeepMind
DeepMind Technologies Limited is a British artificial intelligence company founded in September 2010.
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Development of the nervous system
Development of the nervous system refers to the processes that generate, shape, and reshape the nervous system of animals, from the earliest stages of embryogenesis to adulthood.
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Dialect
The term dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word,, "discourse", from,, "through" and,, "I speak") is used in two distinct ways to refer to two different types of linguistic phenomena.
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Direct marketing
Direct marketing is a form of advertising where organizations communicate directly to customers through a variety of media including cell phone text messaging, email, websites, online adverts, database marketing, fliers, catalog distribution, promotional letters, and targeted television, newspaper, and magazine advertisements, as well as outdoor advertising.
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Domain knowledge
Domain knowledge is knowledge of a specific, specialized discipline or field, in contrast to general knowledge, or domain-independent knowledge.
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Dropout (neural networks)
Dropout is a regularization technique for reducing overfitting in neural networks by preventing complex co-adaptations on training data.
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Drug design
Drug design, often referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target.
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Ebola virus
Ebola virus (EBOV, formerly designated Zaire ebolavirus) is one of five known viruses within the genus Ebolavirus.
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Echo state network
The echo state network (ESN), is a recurrent neural network with a sparsely connected hidden layer (with typically 1% connectivity).
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Electronic health record
An electronic health record (EHR), or electronic medical record (EMR), is the systematized collection of patient and population electronically-stored health information in a digital format.
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End-to-end principle
The end-to-end principle is a design framework in computer networking.
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Example-based machine translation
Example-based machine translation (EBMT) is a method of machine translation often characterized by its use of a bilingual corpus with parallel texts as its main knowledge base at run-time.
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Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California.
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Facial recognition system
A facial recognition system is a technology capable of identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source.
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Feature engineering
Feature engineering is the process of using domain knowledge of the data to create features that make machine learning algorithms work.
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Feature extraction
In machine learning, pattern recognition and in image processing, feature extraction starts from an initial set of measured data and builds derived values (features) intended to be informative and non-redundant, facilitating the subsequent learning and generalization steps, and in some cases leading to better human interpretations.
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Feature learning
In machine learning, feature learning or representation learning is a set of techniques that allows a system to automatically discover the representations needed for feature detection or classification from raw data.
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Feedforward neural network
A feedforward neural network is an artificial neural network wherein connections between the nodes do not form a cycle.
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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Gabor filter
In image processing, a Gabor filter, named after Dennis Gabor, is a linear filter used for texture analysis, which means that it basically analyses whether there are any specific frequency content in the image in specific directions in a localized region around the point or region of analysis.
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Gary Marcus
Gary F. Marcus (born February 8, 1970) is a scientist, author, and entrepreneur.
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Gene ontology
Gene ontology (GO) is a major bioinformatics initiative to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.
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Generalization
A generalization (or generalisation) is the formulation of general concepts from specific instances by abstracting common properties.
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Generative model
In statistical classification, including machine learning, two main approaches are called the generative approach and the discriminative approach.
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Genetic algorithm
In computer science and operations research, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA).
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Geoffrey Hinton
Geoffrey Everest Hinton One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: (born 6 December 1947) is a British cognitive psychologist and computer scientist, most noted for his work on artificial neural networks.
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George Cybenko
George Cybenko is the Dorothy and Walter Gramm Professor of Engineering at Dartmouth and a fellow of the IEEE.
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Go (game)
Go is an abstract strategy board game for two players, in which the aim is to surround more territory than the opponent.
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Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.
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Google Brain
Google Brain is a deep learning artificial intelligence research team at Google.
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Google Now
Google Now was a feature of Google Search offering predictive cards with information and daily updates in the Google app for Android and iOS.
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Google Translate
Google Translate is a free multilingual machine translation service developed by Google, to translate text.
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Google Voice Search
Google Voice Search or Search by Voice is a Google product that allows users to use Google Search by speaking on a mobile phone or computer, i.e. have the device search for data upon entering information on what to search into the device by speaking.
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Grammar induction
Grammar induction (or grammatical inference) is the process in machine learning of learning a formal grammar (usually as a collection of re-write rules or productions or alternatively as a finite state machine or automaton of some kind) from a set of observations, thus constructing a model which accounts for the characteristics of the observed objects.
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Graphics processing unit
A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device.
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Greedy algorithm
A greedy algorithm is an algorithmic paradigm that follows the problem solving heuristic of making the locally optimal choice at each stage with the intent of finding a global optimum.
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Group method of data handling
Group method of data handling (GMDH) is a family of inductive algorithms for computer-based mathematical modeling of multi-parametric datasets that features fully automatic structural and parametric optimization of models.
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Hidden Markov model
Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical Markov model in which the system being modeled is assumed to be a Markov process with unobserved (i.e. hidden) states.
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IFlytek
iFlytek, styled as iFLYTEK, is a Chinese information technology company established in 1999.
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ImageNet
The ImageNet project is a large visual database designed for use in visual object recognition software research.
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Inference
Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences.
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Inpainting
Inpainting is the process of reconstructing lost or deteriorated parts of images and videos.
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Inverse problem
An inverse problem in science is the process of calculating from a set of observations the causal factors that produced them: for example, calculating an image in X-ray computed tomography, source reconstruction in acoustics, or calculating the density of the Earth from measurements of its gravity field.
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Jürgen Schmidhuber
Jürgen Schmidhuber (born 17 January 1963) is a computer scientist who works in the field of artificial intelligence.
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John Hopfield
John Joseph Hopfield (born July 15, 1933) is an American scientist most widely known for his invention of an associative neural network in 1982.
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Kumpati S. Narendra
Kumpati S. Narendra is an American control theorist, who currently holds the Harold W. Cheel Professorship of Electrical Engineering at Yale University.
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Labeled data
Labeled data is a group of samples that have been tagged with one or more labels.
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Language model
A statistical language model is a probability distribution over sequences of words.
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Liquid state machine
A liquid state machine (LSM) is a particular kind of spiking neural network.
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List of artificial intelligence projects
The following is a list of current and past, nonclassified notable artificial intelligence projects.
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List of datasets for machine learning research
These datasets are used for machine-learning research and have been cited in peer-reviewed academic journals.
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Logic programming
Logic programming is a type of programming paradigm which is largely based on formal logic.
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Long short-term memory
Long short-term memory (LSTM) units (or blocks) are a building unit for layers of a recurrent neural network (RNN).
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Machine learning
Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence in the field of computer science that often uses statistical techniques to give computers the ability to "learn" (i.e., progressively improve performance on a specific task) with data, without being explicitly programmed.
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Machine translation
Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the abbreviation MT (not to be confused with computer-aided translation, machine-aided human translation (MAHT) or interactive translation) is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of software to translate text or speech from one language to another.
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Malware
Malware (a portmanteau for malicious software) is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server or computer network.
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Mathematical optimization
In mathematics, computer science and operations research, mathematical optimization or mathematical programming, alternatively spelled optimisation, is the selection of a best element (with regard to some criterion) from some set of available alternatives.
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Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems
Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research concerned with mathematically rigorous system theoretic aspects of control and signal processing.
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Matrix (mathematics)
In mathematics, a matrix (plural: matrices) is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns.
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MIT Technology Review
MIT Technology Review is a magazine published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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Mixture model
In statistics, a mixture model is a probabilistic model for representing the presence of subpopulations within an overall population, without requiring that an observed data set should identify the sub-population to which an individual observation belongs.
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MNIST database
The MNIST database (Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database) is a large database of handwritten digits that is commonly used for training various image processing systems.
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Multi-task learning
Multi-task learning (MTL) is a subfield of machine learning in which multiple learning tasks are solved at the same time, while exploiting commonalities and differences across tasks.
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Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
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National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) was established in 2012 and is located in Bethesda, Maryland.
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National Institute of Standards and Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is one of the oldest physical science laboratories in the United States.
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National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s.
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National Security Agency
The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence.
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Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is an area of computer science and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages, in particular how to program computers to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Neocognitron
The neocognitron is a hierarchical, multilayered artificial neural network proposed by Kunihiko Fukushima in the 1980s.
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Neocortex
The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language.
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Nerve growth factor
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide primarily involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain target neurons.
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Nervous system
The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
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Neural circuit
A neural circuit, is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated.
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Neural coding
Neural coding is a neuroscience field concerned with characterising the hypothetical relationship between the stimulus and the individual or ensemble neuronal responses and the relationship among the electrical activity of the neurons in the ensemble.
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Neural Computation (journal)
Neural Computation is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of neural computation, including modeling the brain and the design and construction of neurally-inspired information processing systems.
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Neuroscience
Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system.
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Noise reduction
Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal.
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Nonlinear filter
In signal processing, a nonlinear (or non-linear) filter is a filter whose output is not a linear function of its input.
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Nuance Communications
Nuance is an American based multinational computer software technology corporation, headquartered in Burlington, Massachusetts, United States on the outskirts of Boston, that provides speech and imaging applications.
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Nvidia
Nvidia Corporation (most commonly referred to as Nvidia, stylized as NVIDIA, or (due to their logo) nVIDIA) is an American technology company incorporated in Delaware and based in Santa Clara, California.
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Overfitting
In statistics, overfitting is "the production of an analysis that corresponds too closely or exactly to a particular set of data, and may therefore fail to fit additional data or predict future observations reliably".
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Perceptron
In machine learning, the perceptron is an algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers (functions that can decide whether an input, represented by a vector of numbers, belongs to some specific class or not).
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Peter Dayan
Peter Samuel Dayan is the director of the Gatsby Charitable Foundation Computational Neuroscience Unit at University College London.
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Primitive data type
In computer science, primitive data type is either of the following.
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Principal component analysis
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical procedure that uses an orthogonal transformation to convert a set of observations of possibly correlated variables into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables called principal components.
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Probabilistic context-free grammar
Grammar theory to model symbol strings originated from work in computational linguistics aiming to understand the structure of natural languages.
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Probability
Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.
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Production (computer science)
A production or production rule in computer science is a rewrite rule specifying a symbol substitution that can be recursively performed to generate new symbol sequences.
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Propositional formula
In propositional logic, a propositional formula is a type of syntactic formula which is well formed and has a truth value.
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Psychedelic art
Psychedelic art is any art or visual displays inspired by psychedelic experiences and hallucinations known to follow the ingestion of psychoactive drugs such as LSD and psilocybin.
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Real number
In mathematics, a real number is a value of a continuous quantity that can represent a distance along a line.
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Recurrent neural network
A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural network where connections between nodes form a directed graph along a sequence.
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Regression analysis
In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships among variables.
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Regularization (mathematics)
In mathematics, statistics, and computer science, particularly in the fields of machine learning and inverse problems, regularization is a process of introducing additional information in order to solve an ill-posed problem or to prevent overfitting.
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Reservoir computing
Reservoir computing is a framework for computation that may be viewed as an extension of neural networks.
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Restricted Boltzmann machine
A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is a generative stochastic artificial neural network that can learn a probability distribution over its set of inputs.
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RFM (customer value)
RFM is a method used for analyzing customer value.
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Rina Dechter
Rina Dechter is a Professor of Computer Science in the Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences at University of California, Irvine.
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Self-organization
Self-organization, also called (in the social sciences) spontaneous order, is a process where some form of overall order arises from local interactions between parts of an initially disordered system.
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Semi-supervised learning
Semi-supervised learning is a class of supervised learning tasks and techniques that also make use of unlabeled data for training – typically a small amount of labeled data with a large amount of unlabeled data.
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Sentiment analysis
Opinion mining (sometimes known as sentiment analysis or emotion AI) refers to the use of natural language processing, text analysis, computational linguistics, and biometrics to systematically identify, extract, quantify, and study affective states and subjective information.
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Sepp Hochreiter
Sepp Hochreiter (born Josef Hochreiter in 1967) is a German computer scientist.
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Seppo Linnainmaa
Seppo Linnainmaa (born 1945 in Pori, Finland) is a Finnish mathematician and computer scientist.
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Sigmoid function
A sigmoid function is a mathematical function having a characteristic "S"-shaped curve or sigmoid curve.
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Siri
Siri (pronounced) is a virtual assistant part of Apple Inc.'s iOS, watchOS, macOS, and tvOS operating systems.
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Skype Translator
Skype Translator is a speech to speech translation application developed by Skype, which has operated as a division of Microsoft since 2011.
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Social network
A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between actors.
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Sparse matrix
In numerical analysis and computer science, a sparse matrix or sparse array is a matrix in which most of the elements are zero.
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Speech recognition
Speech recognition is the inter-disciplinary sub-field of computational linguistics that develops methodologies and technologies that enables the recognition and translation of spoken language into text by computers.
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SRI International
SRI International (SRI) is an American nonprofit research institute headquartered in Menlo Park, California.
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Statistical parsing
Statistical parsing is a group of parsing methods within natural language processing.
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Stephen Wolfram
Stephen Wolfram (born August 29, 1959) is a British-American computer scientist, physicist, and businessman.
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Stop sign
A stop sign is a traffic sign to notify drivers that they must come to a complete stop and make sure no other cars are coming before proceeding.
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Supervised learning
Supervised learning is the machine learning task of learning a function that maps an input to an output based on example input-output pairs.
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Support vector machine
In machine learning, support vector machines (SVMs, also support vector networks) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data used for classification and regression analysis.
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Synapse
In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target efferent cell.
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Test (assessment)
A test or examination (informally, exam or evaluation) is an assessment intended to measure a test-taker's knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness, or classification in many other topics (e.g., beliefs).
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The Economist
The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.
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The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
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TIMIT
TIMIT is a corpus of phonemically and lexically transcribed speech of American English speakers of different sexes and dialects.
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TinEye
TinEye is a reverse image search engine developed and offered by Idée, Inc., a company based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Training
Training is teaching, or developing in oneself or others, any skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies.
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Transducer
A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.
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Transfer learning
Transfer learning or inductive transfer is a research problem in machine learning that focuses on storing knowledge gained while solving one problem and applying it to a different but related problem.
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Universal approximation theorem
In the mathematical theory of artificial neural networks, the universal approximation theorem states that a feed-forward network with a single hidden layer containing a finite number of neurons can approximate continuous functions on compact subsets of '''R'''n, under mild assumptions on the activation function.
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Unsupervised learning
Unsupervised machine learning is the machine learning task of inferring a function that describes the structure of "unlabeled" data (i.e. data that has not been classified or categorized).
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Vanishing gradient problem
In machine learning, the vanishing gradient problem is a difficulty found in training artificial neural networks with gradient-based learning methods and backpropagation.
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Vector space
A vector space (also called a linear space) is a collection of objects called vectors, which may be added together and multiplied ("scaled") by numbers, called scalars.
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VentureBeat
VentureBeat is an American technology website.
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Wake-sleep algorithm
The wake-sleep algorithm is an unsupervised learning algorithm for a stochastic multilayer neural network.
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Watson (computer)
Watson is a question-answering computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language, developed in IBM's DeepQA project by a research team led by principal investigator David Ferrucci.
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Waveform
A waveform is the shape and form of a signal such as a wave moving in a physical medium or an abstract representation.
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Word embedding
Word embedding is the collective name for a set of language modeling and feature learning techniques in natural language processing (NLP) where words or phrases from the vocabulary are mapped to vectors of real numbers.
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Word2vec
Word2vec is a group of related models that are used to produce word embeddings.
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Xbox
Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft.
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Yann LeCun
Yann LeCun (born 1960) is a computer scientist working primarily in the fields of machine learning, computer vision, mobile robotics and computational neuroscience.
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ZIP Code
ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS) since 1963.
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Applications of deep learning, Deep Boltzmann Machine, Deep Boltzmann Machines, Deep Learning, Deep machine learning, Deep neural network, Deep neural networks, Deep-learning, Hierarchical Deep Learning, Hierarchy (thinking), History of deep learning, Stacked Auto-Encoders.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning
