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177 relations: Aclarubicin, Active site, ADME, Agonist, Akira Endo (biochemist), Allelopathy, American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, Amrubicin, Antipyretic, Antitarget, Arabinose, Artemisia annua, Artemisinin, Aspirin, Azathioprine, Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, Belotecan, Beta blocker, Beta2-adrenergic agonist, Binding selectivity, Bioavailability, Bioinformatics, Biological activity, Biological half-life, Biological target, Biotechnology, Blood–brain barrier, Bryostatin, Cabazitaxel, Caco-2, Camptothecin, Capital intensity, Chemical library, Chemical space, Cheminformatics, Chirality (chemistry), Cimetidine, Classical pharmacology, Clearance (pharmacology), Clinical trial, Combination therapy, Daunorubicin, David Jack (scientist), Digitalis lanata, Digoxin, Discovery and development of antiandrogens, Discovery and development of cephalosporins, Discovery and development of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, Discovery and development of proton pump inhibitors, Diverted total synthesis, ..., Doxorubicin, Drug design, Drug development, Drug metabolism, Druglikeness, Dynamic combinatorial chemistry, Efficacy, Enzyme inhibitor, Epidermis, Epirubicin, Ethnobotany, Ethnomedicine, Etoposide, Extracellular matrix, Extract, Fragment-based lead discovery, G protein–coupled receptor, George H. Hitchings, Gertrude B. Elion, GlaxoSmithKline, Glycosaminoglycan, Grant (money), Health informatics, High-content screening, High-throughput screening, Hit to lead, Hormone, Human genome, Human Genome Project, Idarubicin, In vitro, In vivo, Investment, Irinotecan, James Black (pharmacologist), Jasmonate, Kaposi's sarcoma, Lead compound, Leukemia, Ligand (biochemistry), Ligand efficiency, Lipinski's rule of five, Lipophilic efficiency, Loan guarantee, Lymphoblast, Mass spectrometry, Mechanism of action, Medication, Medicinal chemistry, Medicinal plants, Medicine, Melatonin receptor agonist, Metabolism, Metabolite, Mitochondrion, Mitoxantrone, Molecular dynamics, Molecular mass, Molecular modelling, Morphine, National Cancer Institute, Natural History Museum, London, Natural product, New chemical entity, Nucleic acid, Nucleoside, Organic synthesis, Orphan drug, Paclitaxel, Pan-assay interference compounds, Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay, Partition coefficient, Patent, Penicillin, Penicillium, Pharmaceutical industry, Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Pharmacophore, Pharmacotherapy, Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling, Pirarubicin, Pixantrone, Plant, Plant disease resistance, Plant hormone, Plant stress measurement, Plasmodium falciparum, Polar surface area, Polysaccharide, Potency (pharmacology), Pre-clinical development, Prostate cancer, Protease inhibitor (biology), Protein, Protein kinase, Proteoglycan, Purine metabolism, Ranitidine, Receptor antagonist, Regeneration (biology), Regulatory agency, Renaissance, Research and development, Retrometabolic drug design, Reverse pharmacology, Rubitecan, Sanofi, Secondary metabolite, Serendipity, Small molecule, Statin, Streptomyces isolates, Structure–activity relationship, Taxus brevifolia, Teniposide, Thames & Hudson, Therapy, Topotecan, Toxicity, Valrubicin, Verseon, Virtual screening, X-ray crystallography, Ziconotide, Zorubicin. Expand index (127 more) »
Aclarubicin
Aclarubicin (INN) or aclacinomycin A is an anthracycline drug that is used in the treatment of cancer.
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Active site
In biology, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
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ADME
ADME is an abbreviation in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology for "absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion", and describes the disposition of a pharmaceutical compound within an organism.
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Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.
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Akira Endo (biochemist)
is a Japanese biochemist whose research into the relationship between fungi and cholesterol biosynthesis led to the development of statin drugs, which are some of the best-selling pharmaceuticals in history. He received the Japan Prize in 2006,The Science and Technology Foundation of Japan., accessed 21 June 2006 the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award in 2008, the Canada Gairdner International Award in 2017.
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Allelopathy
Allelopathy is a biological phenomenon by which an organism produces one or more biochemicals that influence the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms.
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American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine
The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M) is a United States registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that promotes the questionable field of anti-aging medicine and trains and certifies physicians in this specialty.
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Amrubicin
Amrubicin (INN; previously known as SM-5887) is an anthracycline used in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Antipyretic
Antipyretics (from anti- 'against' and 'feverish') are substances that reduce fever.
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Antitarget
In pharmacology, an antitarget (or off-target) is a receptor, enzyme, or other biological target that, when affected by a drug, causes undesirable side-effects.
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Arabinose
Arabinose is an aldopentose – a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde (CHO) functional group.
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Artemisia annua
Artemisia annua, also known as sweet wormwood, sweet annie, sweet sagewort, annual mugwort or annual wormwood, is a common type of wormwood native to temperate Asia, but naturalized in many countries including scattered parts of North America.
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Artemisinin
Artemisinin and its semi-synthetic derivatives are a group of drugs used against Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
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Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.
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Azathioprine
Azathioprine (AZA), sold under the brand name Imuran among others, is an immunosuppressive medication.
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Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor
Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI) are the first-line therapy for most patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
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Belotecan
Belotecan is a drug used in chemotherapy.
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Beta blocker
Beta blockers, also written β-blockers, are a class of medications that are particularly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms, and to protect the heart from a second heart attack (myocardial infarction) after a first heart attack (secondary prevention).
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Beta2-adrenergic agonist
β2 (beta2) adrenergic receptor agonists, also known as adrenergic β2 receptor agonists, are a class of drugs that act on the β2 adrenergic receptor.
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Binding selectivity
Binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex.
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Bioavailability
In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA or F) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.
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Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data.
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Biological activity
In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter.
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Biological half-life
The biological half-life of a biological substance is the time it takes for half to be removed by biological processes when the rate of removal is roughly exponential.
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Biological target
A biological target is anything within a living organism to which some other entity (like an endogenous ligand or a drug) is directed and/or binds, resulting in a change in its behavior or function.
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Biotechnology
Biotechnology is the broad area of science involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).
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Blood–brain barrier
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Bryostatin
Bryostatins are a group of macrolide lactones from the marine organism Bugula neritina that were first collected and provided to JL Hartwell’s anticancer drug discovery group at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) by Jack Rudloe.
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Cabazitaxel
Cabazitaxel (previously XRP-6258, trade name Jevtana) is a semi-synthetic derivative of a natural taxoid. It was developed by Sanofi-Aventis and was approved by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer on June 17, 2010. It is a microtubule inhibitor, and the fourth taxane to be approved as a cancer therapy. Cabazitaxel in combination with prednisone is a treatment option for hormone-refractory prostate cancer following docetaxel-based treatment.
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Caco-2
The Caco-2 cell line is a continuous line of heterogeneous human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, developed by the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research through research conducted by Dr.
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Camptothecin
Camptothecin (CPT) is a topoisomerase inhibitor.
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Capital intensity
Capital intensity is the amount of fixed or real capital present in relation to other factors of production, especially labor.
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Chemical library
A chemical library or compound library is a collection of stored chemicals usually used ultimately in high-throughput screening or industrial manufacture.
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Chemical space
Chemical space is a concept in cheminformatics referring to the property space spanned by all possible molecules and chemical compounds adhering to a given set of construction principles and boundary conditions.
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Cheminformatics
Cheminformatics (also known as chemoinformatics, chemioinformatics and chemical informatics) is the use of computer and informational techniques applied to a range of problems in the field of chemistry.
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Chirality (chemistry)
Chirality is a geometric property of some molecules and ions.
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Cimetidine
Cimetidine, sold under the brand name Tagamet among others, is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production.
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Classical pharmacology
In the field of drug discovery, classical pharmacology, also known as forward pharmacology, or phenotypic drug discovery (PDD), relies on phenotypic screening (screening in intact cells or whole organisms) of chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect.
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Clearance (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, the clearance is a pharmacokinetic measurement of the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed per unit time; the usual units are mL/min.
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Clinical trial
Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.
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Combination therapy
Combination therapy or polytherapy is therapy that uses more than one medication or modality (versus monotherapy, which is any therapy taken alone).
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Daunorubicin
Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer.
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David Jack (scientist)
Sir David Jack CBE FRS FRSE (22 February 1924 – 8 November 2011) was a Scottish pharmacologist and medicinal chemist who specialised in the development of drugs for treating asthma.
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Digitalis lanata
Digitalis lanata (often called woolly foxglove or Grecian foxglove) is a species of foxglove.
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Digoxin
Digoxin, sold under the brand name Lanoxin among others, is a medication used to treat various heart conditions.
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Discovery and development of antiandrogens
This article is about the discovery and development of antiandrogens, or androgen receptor (AR) antagonists.
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Discovery and development of cephalosporins
Cephalosporins are a broad class of bactericidal antibiotics that include the β-lactam ring and share a structural similarity and mechanism of action with other β-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, carbapenems and monobactams).
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Discovery and development of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
Discovery and development of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs and NtRTIs) began in the 1980s when the AIDS epidemic hit Western societies.
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Discovery and development of proton pump inhibitors
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) block the gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase (H+/K+ ATPase) and inhibit gastric acid secretion.
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Diverted total synthesis
Diverted total synthesis in chemistry is a strategy in drug discovery aiming at organic synthesis of natural product analogues rather than the natural product itself.
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Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin, sold under the trade names Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer.
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Drug design
Drug design, often referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target.
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Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery.
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Drug metabolism
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems.
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Druglikeness
Druglikeness is a qualitative concept used in drug design for how "druglike" a substance is with respect to factors like bioavailability.
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Dynamic combinatorial chemistry
Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC); also known as constitutional dynamic chemistry (CDC) is a method to the generation of new molecules formed by reversible reaction of simple building blocks under thermodynamic control.
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Efficacy
Efficacy is the ability to get a job done satisfactorily.
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Enzyme inhibitor
4QI9) An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
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Epidermis
The epidermis is the outer layer of the three layers that make up the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis.
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Epirubicin
Epirubicin is an anthracycline drug used for chemotherapy.
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Ethnobotany
Ethnobotany is the study of a region's plants and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people.
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Ethnomedicine
Ethnomedicine is a study or comparison of the traditional medicine practiced by various ethnic groups, and especially by indigenous peoples.
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Etoposide
Etoposide, sold under the brand name Etopophos among others, is a chemotherapy medication used for the treatments of a number of types of cancer.
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Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
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Extract
An extract is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol or water.
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Fragment-based lead discovery
Fragment-based lead discovery (FBLD) also known as fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is a method used for finding lead compounds as part of the drug discovery process.
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G protein–coupled receptor
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses.
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George H. Hitchings
George Herbert Hitchings (April 18, 1905 – February 27, 1998) was an American doctor who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir James Black and Gertrude Elion "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment," Hitchings specifically for his work on chemotherapy.
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Gertrude B. Elion
Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black.
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GlaxoSmithKline
GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) is a British pharmaceutical company headquartered in Brentford, London.
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Glycosaminoglycan
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit.
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Grant (money)
Grants are non-repayable funds or products disbursed or gifted by one party (grant makers), often a government department, corporation, foundation or trust, to a recipient, often (but not always) a nonprofit entity, educational institution, business or an individual.
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Health informatics
Health informatics (also called health care informatics, healthcare informatics, medical informatics, nursing informatics, clinical informatics, or biomedical informatics) is information engineering applied to the field of health care, essentially the management and use of patient healthcare information.
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High-content screening
High-content screening (HCS), also known as high-content analysis (HCA) or cellomics, is a method that is used in biological research and drug discovery to identify substances such as small molecules, peptides, or RNAi that alter the phenotype of a cell in a desired manner.
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High-throughput screening
High-throughput screening (HTS) is a method for scientific experimentation especially used in drug discovery and relevant to the fields of biology and chemistry.
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Hit to lead
Hit to lead (H2L) also known as lead generation is a stage in early drug discovery where small molecule hits from a high throughput screen (HTS) are evaluated and undergo limited optimization to identify promising lead compounds.
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Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.
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Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.
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Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint.
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Idarubicin
Idarubicin or 4-demethoxydaunorubicin is an anthracycline antileukemic drug.
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In vitro
In vitro (meaning: in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
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In vivo
Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.
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Investment
In general, to invest is to allocate money (or sometimes another resource, such as time) in the expectation of some benefit in the future – for example, investment in durable goods, in real estate by the service industry, in factories for manufacturing, in product development, and in research and development.
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Irinotecan
Irinotecan, sold under the brand name Camptosar among others, is a medication used to treat colon cancer, and small cell lung cancer.
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James Black (pharmacologist)
Sir James Whyte Black (14 June 1924 – 22 March 2010) was a Scottish physician and pharmacologist.
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Jasmonate
Jasmonate (JA) and its derivatives are lipid-based plant hormones that regulate a wide range of processes in plants, ranging from growth and photosynthesis to reproductive development.
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Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer that can form masses in the skin, lymph nodes, or other organs.
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Lead compound
A lead compound (i.e. a "leading" compound, not to be confused with various compounds of the metallic element lead) in drug discovery is a chemical compound that has pharmacological or biological activity likely to be therapeutically useful, but may nevertheless have suboptimal structure that requires modification to fit better to the target; lead drugs offer the prospect of being followed by back-up compounds.
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Leukemia
Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.
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Ligand (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.
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Ligand efficiency
Ligand efficiency is a measurement of the binding energy per atom of a ligand to its binding partner, such as a receptor or enzyme.
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Lipinski's rule of five
Lipinski's rule of five also known as the Pfizer's rule of five or simply the rule of five (RO5) is a rule of thumb to evaluate druglikeness or determine if a chemical compound with a certain pharmacological or biological activity has chemical properties and physical properties that would make it a likely orally active drug in humans.
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Lipophilic efficiency
Lipophilic efficiency (LiPE), sometimes referred to as ligand-lipophilicity efficiency (LLE) is a parameter used in drug design and drug discovery to evaluate the quality of research compounds, linking potency and lipophilicity in an attempt to estimate druglikeness.
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Loan guarantee
A loan guarantee, in finance, is a promise by one party (the guarantor) to assume the debt obligation of a borrower if that borrower defaults.
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Lymphoblast
A lymphoblast is a modified naive lymphocyte that also looks completely different.
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Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
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Mechanism of action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect.
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Medicinal chemistry
Medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry are disciplines at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where they are involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents, or bio-active molecules (drugs).
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Medicinal plants
Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times.
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Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
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Melatonin receptor agonist
Melatonin receptor agonists are analogues of melatonin that bind to and activate the melatonin receptor.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Metabolite
A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone (INN, BAN, USAN; also known as Mitozantrone in Australia; trade name Novantrone) is an anthracenedione antineoplastic agent.
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Molecular dynamics
Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation method for studying the physical movements of atoms and molecules.
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Molecular mass
Relative Molecular mass or molecular weight is the mass of a molecule.
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Molecular modelling
Molecular modelling encompasses all methods, theoretical and computational, used to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules.
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Morphine
Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate variety which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.
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National Cancer Institute
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
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Natural History Museum, London
The Natural History Museum in London is a natural history museum that exhibits a vast range of specimens from various segments of natural history.
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Natural product
A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature.
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New chemical entity
A new chemical entity (NCE) is, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, a drug that contains no active moiety that has been approved by the FDA in any other application submitted under section 505(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
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Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or small biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life.
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Nucleoside
Nucleosides are glycosylamines that can be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group.
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Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the intentional construction of organic compounds.
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Orphan drug
An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease.
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Paclitaxel
Paclitaxel (PTX), sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.
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Pan-assay interference compounds
Pan-assay interference compounds, also referred to as PAINS in the assay or simply PAINS, are chemical compounds that are often false positives in high-throughput screens.
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Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay
In medicinal chemistry, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) is a method which determines the permeability of substances from a donor compartment, through a lipid-infused artificial membrane into an acceptor compartment.
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Partition coefficient
In the physical sciences, a partition-coefficient (P) or distribution-coefficient (D) is the ratio of concentrations of a compound in a mixture of two immiscible phases at equilibrium.
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Patent
A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.
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Penicillin
Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G (intravenous use), penicillin V (use by mouth), procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin (intramuscular use).
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Penicillium
Penicillium ascomycetous fungi are of major importance in the natural environment as well as food and drug production.
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Pharmaceutical industry
The pharmaceutical industry (or medicine industry) is the commercial industry that discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as different types of medicine and medications.
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Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacogenetics is the study of inherited genetic differences in drug metabolic pathways which can affect individual responses to drugs, both in terms of therapeutic effect as well as adverse effects.
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Pharmacognosy
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs derived from plants or other natural sources.
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Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species).
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Pharmacophore
An example of a pharmacophore model. A pharmacophore is an abstract description of molecular features that are necessary for molecular recognition of a ligand by a biological macromolecule.
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Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacotherapy is therapy using pharmaceutical drugs, as distinguished from therapy using surgery (surgical therapy), radiation (radiation therapy), movement (physical therapy), or other modes.
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Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a mathematical modeling technique for predicting the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of synthetic or natural chemical substances in humans and other animal species.
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Pirarubicin
Pirarubicin (INN) is an anthracycline drug.
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Pixantrone
Pixantrone (rINN; trade name Pixuvri) is an experimental antineoplastic (anti-cancer) drug, an analogue of mitoxantrone with fewer toxic effects on cardiac tissue.
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Plant
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
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Plant disease resistance
Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways: by pre-formed structures and chemicals, and by infection-induced responses of the immune system.
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Plant hormone
Plant hormones (also known as phytohormones) are chemicals that regulate plant growth.
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Plant stress measurement
Plant stress measurement is the quantification of environmental effects on plant health.
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Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans.
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Polar surface area
The polar surface area (PSA) or topological polar surface area (TPSA) of a molecule is defined as the surface sum over all polar atoms, primarily oxygen and nitrogen, also including their attached hydrogen atoms.
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Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages, and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides.
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Potency (pharmacology)
In the field of pharmacology, potency is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity.
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Pre-clinical development
In drug development, preclinical development, also named preclinical studies and nonclinical studies, is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) can begin, and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected.
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Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system.
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Protease inhibitor (biology)
In biology and biochemistry, protease inhibitors are molecules that inhibit the function of proteases (enzymes that aid the breakdown of proteins).
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein kinase
A protein kinase is a kinase enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation).
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Proteoglycan
Proteoglycans are proteins that are heavily glycosylated.
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Purine metabolism
Purine metabolism refers to the metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down purines that are present in many organisms.
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Ranitidine
Ranitidine, sold under the trade name Zantac among others, is a medication which decreases stomach acid production.
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Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
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Regeneration (biology)
In biology, regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and growth that makes genomes, cells, organisms, and ecosystems resilient to natural fluctuations or events that cause disturbance or damage.
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Regulatory agency
A regulatory agency (also regulatory authority, regulatory body or regulator) is a public authority or government agency responsible for exercising autonomous authority over some area of human activity in a regulatory or supervisory capacity.
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Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.
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Research and development
Research and development (R&D, R+D, or R'n'D), also known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), refers to innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, or improving existing services or products.
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Retrometabolic drug design
In the field of drug discovery, retrometabolic drug design is a strategy for the design of safer drugs using either a soft drug or targeted drug delivery approaches.
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Reverse pharmacology
In the field of drug discovery, reverse pharmacology also known as target-based drug discovery (TDD), a hypothesis is first made that modulation of the activity of a specific protein target will have beneficial therapeutic effects.
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Rubitecan
Rubitecan (INN, marketing name Orathecin) is an oral topoisomerase inhibitor, developed by Supergen (now.; a member of the).
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Sanofi
Sanofi S.A. is a French multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Gentilly, France, as of 2013 the world's fifth-largest by prescription sales.
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Secondary metabolite
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of an organism.
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Serendipity
Serendipity means an unplanned, fortuitous discovery.
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Small molecule
Within the fields of molecular biology and pharmacology, a small molecule is a low molecular weight (< 900 daltons) organic compound that may regulate a biological process, with a size on the order of 1 nm.
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Statin
Statins, also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are a class of lipid-lowering medications.
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Streptomyces isolates
Streptomyces isolates have yielded the majority of human, animal, and agricultural antibiotics, as well as a number of fundamental chemotherapy medicines.
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Structure–activity relationship
commented out as it doesn't appear to be immediately relevant & it is in the wrong place if it is relevant-->The structure–activity relationship (SAR) is the relationship between the chemical or 3D structure of a molecule and its biological activity.
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Taxus brevifolia
Taxus brevifolia, the Pacific yew or western yew, is a conifer native to the Pacific Northwest of North America.
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Teniposide
Teniposide (trade name Vumon) is a chemotherapeutic medication used in the treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), Hodgkin's lymphoma, certain brain tumours, and other types of cancer.
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Thames & Hudson
Thames & Hudson (also Thames and Hudson and sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books on art, architecture, design, and visual culture.
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Therapy
Therapy (often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx) is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a diagnosis.
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Topotecan
Topotecan (trade name Hycamtin) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is a topoisomerase inhibitor.
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Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.
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Valrubicin
Valrubicin (N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate, trade name Valstar) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat bladder cancer.
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Verseon
Verseon Corporation is an American pharmaceutical company based in Fremont, California.
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Virtual screening
Virtual screening (VS) is a computational technique used in drug discovery to search libraries of small molecules in order to identify those structures which are most likely to bind to a drug target, typically a protein receptor or enzyme.
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X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography is a technique used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions.
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Ziconotide
Ziconotide (SNX-111; Prialt) is an atypical analgesic agent for the amelioration of severe and chronic pain.
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Zorubicin
Zorubicin (INN) is an anthracycline.
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Redirects here:
Drug Discovery, Drug candidate, Drug creation, Lead Compound, Lead finding, New Drug, Reverse Pharmacology, Target base drug discovery.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_discovery
