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Economic growth

Index Economic growth

Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. [1]

152 relations: Aggregate demand, Albert Allen Bartlett, Andrei Shleifer, Asia, Austrians, Automation, Baby boomers, Ban Ki-moon, Big push model, Business cycle, Capitalism, Carbon capture and storage, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Carbon emission trading, Carbon tax, Causes of the Great Depression, Club of Rome, Combine harvester, Creative destruction, Daron Acemoglu, David Ricardo, Dean Baker, Degrowth, Demographic transition, Diffusion curve, Diminishing returns, Division of labour, Econometrica, Economic development, Economics, Economies of scale, Economist, Education, Edward J. Nell, Electric motor, Electricity generation, Electrification, Emission intensity, Endogeneity (econometrics), Endogenous growth theory, Eric Hanushek, Exponential growth, Export-oriented industrialization, Extensive growth, Factors of production, Fertilizer, Ghana, Global Greens Charter, Glorious Revolution, Great Depression, ..., Green party, Green Revolution, Gross domestic product, Growth accounting, Growth elasticity of poverty, Haber process, Human capital, Human development (humanity), Hydroelectricity, Hydropower, Indian subcontinent, Industrial Revolution, Industrialisation, Inflation, Innovation, Interchangeable parts, International Monetary Fund, James A. Robinson (economist), John Whitefield Kendrick, Joseph Schumpeter, Journal of Human Capital, Journal of Monetary Economics, Journal of Political Economy, Julian Simon, Kevin M. Murphy, List of countries by real GDP growth rate, Lists of countries by GDP per capita, Ludger Wößmann, Machine tool, Malthusian trap, Malthusianism, Mark Weisbrot, Market value, Mass production, Measures of national income and output, Mechanised agriculture, Mechanization, Millennium Development Goals, Mincer earnings function, MIT Press, Moore's law, Multiplicative calculus, National accounts, National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933, Natural gas, Nigel Lawson, Nuclear power, Oded Galor, OECD, Overproduction, Overseas Development Institute, Paul Romer, Paul Rosenstein-Rodan, Physical capital, Post-growth, Poverty, Poverty reduction, Production (economics), Productivism, Productivity, Productivity improving technologies, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Rationing, Real versus nominal value (economics), Reaper, Resource depletion, Robert Barro, Robert Lucas Jr., Robert Nadeau (science historian), Robert Solow, Robert W. Vishny, Rule of 72, Scientific American, Second Industrial Revolution, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Simon Johnson (economist), Simon–Ehrlich wager, Solar power, South Korea, Spending wave, Steady-state economy, Steam engine, Steel, Stern Review, Substitute good, The American Economic Review, The Limits to Growth, The Population Bomb, The Ultimate Resource, Thomas Piketty, Thomas Robert Malthus, Total factor productivity, Trevor Swan, Uneconomic growth, Unified growth theory, United States, Virtuous circle and vicious circle, Wealth tax, William R. Catton Jr., Wind power, Workforce productivity, World Growth Institute. Expand index (102 more) »

Aggregate demand

In macroeconomics, aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.

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Albert Allen Bartlett

Albert Allen Bartlett (March 21, 1923 – September 7, 2013) was an emeritus professor of physics at the University of Colorado at Boulder, USA.

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Andrei Shleifer

Andrei Shleifer (born February 20, 1961) is a Russian American economist and Professor of Economics at Harvard University, where he has taught since 1991.

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Asia

Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.

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Austrians

Austrians (Österreicher) are a Germanic nation and ethnic group, native to modern Austria and South Tyrol that share a common Austrian culture, Austrian descent and Austrian history.

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Automation

Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed without human assistance.

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Baby boomers

Baby Boomers (also known as Boomers) are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation and preceding Generation X. There are varying timelines defining the start and the end of this cohort; demographers and researchers typically use birth years starting from the early- to mid-1940s and ending anywhere from 1960 to 1964.

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Ban Ki-moon

Ban Ki-moon (born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean politician and diplomat who was the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 2007 to December 2016.

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Big push model

The big push model is a concept in development economics or welfare economics that emphasizes that a firm's decision whether to industrialize or not depends on its expectation of what other firms will do.

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Business cycle

The business cycle, also known as the economic cycle or trade cycle, is the downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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Carbon capture and storage

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) (or carbon capture and sequestration or carbon control and sequestration) is the process of capturing waste carbon dioxide from large point sources, such as fossil fuel power plants, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere, normally an underground geological formation.

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Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere

Carbon dioxide is an important trace gas in Earth's atmosphere.

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Carbon emission trading

Carbon emissions trading is a form of emissions trading that specifically targets carbon dioxide (calculated in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent or tCO2e) and it currently constitutes the bulk of emissions trading.

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Carbon tax

A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon content of fuels.

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Causes of the Great Depression

The causes of the Great Depression in the early 20th century have been extensively discussed by economists and remain a matter of active debate.

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Club of Rome

The Club of Rome describes itself as "an organisation of individuals who share a common concern for the future of humanity and strive to make a difference.

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Combine harvester

The modern combine harvester, or simply combine, is a versatile machine designed to efficiently harvest a variety of grain crops.

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Creative destruction

Creative destruction (German: schöpferische Zerstörung), sometimes known as Schumpeter's gale, is a concept in economics which since the 1950s has become most readily identified with the Austrian-American economist Joseph Schumpeter who derived it from the work of Karl Marx and popularized it as a theory of economic innovation and the business cycle.

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Daron Acemoglu

Kamer Daron Acemoğlu (born September 3, 1967) is a Turkish-born American economist who has taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) since 1993.

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David Ricardo

David Ricardo (18 April 1772 – 11 September 1823) was a British political economist, one of the most influential of the classical economists along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith and James Mill.

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Dean Baker

Dean Baker (born July 13, 1958) is an American macroeconomist and co-founder, with Mark Weisbrot, of the Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) in Washington, D.C. He is credited as being one of the first economists to have discovered the 2007–2008 United States housing bubble.

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Degrowth

Degrowth (décroissance) is a political, economic, and social movement based on ecological economics, anti-consumerist and anti-capitalist ideas.

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Demographic transition

Demographic transition (DT) is the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country or region develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.

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Diffusion curve

Diffusion curves are vector graphic primitives for creating smooth-shaded images.

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Diminishing returns

In economics, diminishing returns is the decrease in the marginal (incremental) output of a production process as the amount of a single factor of production is incrementally increased, while the amounts of all other factors of production stay constant.

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Division of labour

The division of labour is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize.

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Econometrica

Econometrica is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics, publishing articles in many areas of economics, especially econometrics.

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Economic development

economic development wikipedia Economic development is the process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people.

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Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Economies of scale

In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation (typically measured by amount of output produced), with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale.

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Economist

An economist is a practitioner in the social science discipline of economics.

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Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

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Edward J. Nell

Edward J. Nell (born July 16, 1935) is an American economist and a former professor at the New School for Social Research (NY).

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Electric motor

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

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Electricity generation

Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy.

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Electrification

Electrification is the process of powering by electricity and, in many contexts, the introduction of such power by changing over from an earlier power source.

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Emission intensity

An emission intensity (also carbon intensity, C.I.) is the emission rate of a given pollutant relative to the intensity of a specific activity, or an industrial production process; for example grams of carbon dioxide released per megajoule of energy produced, or the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions produced to gross domestic product (GDP).

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Endogeneity (econometrics)

In econometrics, endogeneity broadly refers to situations in which an explanatory variable is correlated with the error term.

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Endogenous growth theory

Endogenous growth theory holds that economic growth is primarily the result of endogenous and not external forces.

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Eric Hanushek

Eric Alan Hanushek (born May 22, 1943) is an economist who has written prolifically on public policy with a special emphasis on the economics of education.

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Exponential growth

Exponential growth is exhibited when the rate of change—the change per instant or unit of time—of the value of a mathematical function is proportional to the function's current value, resulting in its value at any time being an exponential function of time, i.e., a function in which the time value is the exponent.

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Export-oriented industrialization

Export-oriented industrialization (EOI) sometimes called export substitution industrialization (ESI), export led industrialization (ELI) or export-led growth is a trade and economic policy aiming to speed up the industrialization process of a country by exporting goods for which the nation has a comparative advantage.

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Extensive growth

Extensive growth, in economics, is based on the expansion of the quantity of inputs in order to increase the quantity of outputs, opposite to that of intensive growth.

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Factors of production

In economics, factors of production, resources, or inputs are which is used in the production process to produce output—that is, finished goods and services.

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Fertilizer

A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

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Ghana

Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa.

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Global Greens Charter

The Global Greens Charter is a document that 800 delegates from the Green parties of 72 countries decided upon a first gathering of the Global Greens in Canberra, Australia in April 2001.

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Glorious Revolution

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange, who was James's nephew and son-in-law.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Green party

A Green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as social justice, environmentalism and nonviolence.

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Green Revolution

The Green Revolution, or Third Agricultural Revolution, refers to a set of research and the development of technology transfer initiatives occurring between the 1930s and the late 1960s (with prequels in the work of the agrarian geneticist Nazareno Strampelli in the 1920s and 1930s), that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Growth accounting

Growth accounting is a procedure used in economics to measure the contribution of different factors to economic growth and to indirectly compute the rate of technological progress, measured as a residual, in an economy.

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Growth elasticity of poverty

Growth elasticity of poverty (GEP) is the percentage reduction in poverty rates associated with a percentage change in mean (per capita) income.

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Haber process

The Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is an artificial nitrogen fixation process and is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia today.

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Human capital

Human capital is a term popularized by Gary Becker, an economist and Nobel Laureate from the University of Chicago, and Jacob Mincer.

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Human development (humanity)

Human development is the science that seeks to understand how and why the people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time.

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Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower.

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Hydropower

Hydropower or water power (from ύδωρ, "water") is power derived from the energy of falling water or fast running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes.

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Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a southern region and peninsula of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

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Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

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Industrialisation

Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

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Inflation

In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.

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Innovation

Innovation can be defined simply as a "new idea, device or method".

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Interchangeable parts

Interchangeable parts are parts (components) that are, for practical purposes, identical.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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James A. Robinson (economist)

James Alan Robinson (born 1960) is a British economist and political scientist who serves as University Professor at the Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago since 2015 and prior to that taught at Harvard University between 2004 and 2015.

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John Whitefield Kendrick

John Whitefield Kendrick (July 27, 1917, Brooklyn – November 17, 2009, Arlington, Virginia) was a pioneer in productivity measurement and economic accounting.

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Joseph Schumpeter

Joseph Alois Schumpeter (8 February 1883 – 8 January 1950) was an Austrian political economist.

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Journal of Human Capital

The Journal of Human Capital is a quarterly peer reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.

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Journal of Monetary Economics

The Journal of Monetary Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on macroeconomics and monetary economics.

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Journal of Political Economy

The Journal of Political Economy is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.

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Julian Simon

Julian Lincoln Simon (February 12, 1932 – February 8, 1998) was an American professor of business administration at the University of Maryland and a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute at the time of his death, after previously serving as a longtime economics and business professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

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Kevin M. Murphy

Kevin Miles Murphy (born 1958) is the George J. Stigler Distinguished Service Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution.

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List of countries by real GDP growth rate

This article includes a list of countries and dependent territories sorted by their real gross domestic product growth rate; the rate of growth of the value of all final goods and services produced within a state in a given year.

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Lists of countries by GDP per capita

There are two articles listing countries according to their per capita GDP.

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Ludger Wößmann

Ludger Wößmann (born in Sendenhorst on July 1, 1973) is a German economist and professor of economics at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU).

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Machine tool

A machine tool is a machine for shaping or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation.

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Malthusian trap

The Malthusian trap or population trap is a condition whereby excess population would stop growing due to shortage of food supply leading to starvation.

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Malthusianism

Malthusianism is the idea that population growth is potentially exponential while the growth of the food supply is linear.

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Mark Weisbrot

Mark Alan Weisbrot is an American economist and columnist.

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Market value

Market value or OMV (Open Market Valuation) is the price at which an asset would trade in a competitive auction setting.

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Mass production

Mass production, also known as flow production or continuous production, is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines.

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Measures of national income and output

A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), net national income (NNI), and adjusted national income also called as NNI at factor cost (NNI* adjusted for natural resource depletion).

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Mechanised agriculture

Mechanised agriculture is the process of using agricultural machinery to mechanise the work of agriculture, greatly increasing farm worker productivity.

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Mechanization

Mechanization or mechanisation (British English) is the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery.

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Millennium Development Goals

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were the eight international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.

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Mincer earnings function

The Mincer earnings function is a single-equation model that explains wage income as a function of schooling and experience, named after Jacob Mincer.

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MIT Press

The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (United States).

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Moore's law

Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles about every two years.

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Multiplicative calculus

In mathematics, a multiplicative calculus is a system with two multiplicative operators, called a "multiplicative derivative" and a "multiplicative integral", which are inversely related in a manner analogous to the inverse relationship between the derivative and integral in the classical calculus of Newton and Leibniz.

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National accounts

National accounts or national account systems (NAS) are the implementation of complete and consistent accounting techniques for measuring the economic activity of a nation.

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National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933

The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) was a US labor law and consumer law passed by the US Congress to authorize the President to regulate industry for fair wages and prices that would stimulate economic recovery.

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Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

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Nigel Lawson

Nigel Lawson, Baron Lawson of Blaby, (born 11 March 1932) is a British Conservative politician and journalist.

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Nuclear power

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.

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Oded Galor

Oded Galor (born 1953) is an Israeli economist.

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OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

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Overproduction

In economics, overproduction, oversupply, excess of supply or glut refers to excess of supply over demand of products being offered to the market.

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Overseas Development Institute

The Overseas Development Institute (ODI) is an independent think tank on international development and humanitarian issues, founded in 1960.

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Paul Romer

Paul Michael Romer (born November 7, 1955) is an American economist and pioneer of endogenous growth theory.

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Paul Rosenstein-Rodan

Paul Narcyz Rosenstein-Rodan (1902–1985) was an economist of Jewish origin born in Kraków, who was trained in the Austrian tradition under in Vienna.

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Physical capital

In economics, physical capital or just capital is a factor of production (or input into the process of production), consisting of machinery, buildings, computers, and the like.

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Post-growth

Post-growth is a global futures approach to the limits-to-growth dilemma — the perception that, on a planet of finite resources, economies and populations cannot grow infinitely.

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Poverty

Poverty is the scarcity or the lack of a certain (variant) amount of material possessions or money.

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Poverty reduction

Poverty reduction, or poverty alleviation, is a set of measures, both economic and humanitarian, that are intended to permanently lift people out of poverty.

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Production (economics)

Production is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs (plans, know-how) in order to make something for consumption (the output).

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Productivism

Productivism or growthism is the belief that measurable economic productivity and growth are the purpose of human organization (e.g., work), and that "more production is necessarily good".

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Productivity

Productivity describes various measures of the efficiency of production.

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Productivity improving technologies

This article is about the important technologies that have historically increased productivity and is intended to serve as the History section of Productivity from which it was moved.

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Quarterly Journal of Economics

The Quarterly Journal of Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Oxford University Press.

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Rationing

Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services, or an artificial restriction of demand.

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Real versus nominal value (economics)

In economics, a real value of a good or other entity has been adjusted for inflation, enabling comparison of quantities as if prices had not changed.

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Reaper

A reaper is a farm implement or person that reaps (cuts and often also gathers) crops at harvest when they are ripe.

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Resource depletion

Resource depletion is the consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished.

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Robert Barro

Robert Joseph Barro (born September 28, 1944) is an American macroeconomist and the Paul M. Warburg Professor of Economics at Harvard University.

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Robert Lucas Jr.

Robert Emerson Lucas Jr. (born September 15, 1937) is an American economist at the University of Chicago.

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Robert Nadeau (science historian)

Robert Lee Nadeau (born 1944) is a retired American professor in the English Department at George Mason University, where he began working in 1975 and from which he retired in 2012.

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Robert Solow

Robert Merton Solow, GCIH (born August 23, 1924), is an American economist, particularly known for his work on the theory of economic growth that culminated in the exogenous growth model named after him.

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Robert W. Vishny

Robert Ward Vishny (born c. 1959) is an American economist and is the Myron S. Scholes Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

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Rule of 72

In finance, the rule of 72, the rule of 70 and the rule of 69.3 are methods for estimating an investment's doubling time.

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Scientific American

Scientific American (informally abbreviated SciAm) is an American popular science magazine.

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Second Industrial Revolution

The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of rapid industrialization in the final third of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th.

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Secretary-General of the United Nations

The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.

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Simon Johnson (economist)

Simon H. Johnson (born January 16, 1963) is a British American economist.

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Simon–Ehrlich wager

The Simon-Ehrlich Wager describes a 1980 scientific wager between business professor Julian L. Simon and biologist Paul Ehrlich, betting on a mutually agreed-upon measure of resource scarcity over the decade leading up to 1990.

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Solar power

Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.

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Spending wave

In the economics of demography, the term spending wave refers to the economic effect of departure of children from the home.

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Steady-state economy

A steady-state economy is an economy consisting of a constant stock of physical wealth (capital) and a constant population size.

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Steam engine

A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.

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Steel

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon and other elements.

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Stern Review

The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change is a 700-page report released for the Government of the United Kingdom on 30 October 2006 by economist Nicholas Stern, chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics (LSE) and also chair of the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP) at Leeds University and LSE.

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Substitute good

A substitute good is one good that can be used instead of another.

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The American Economic Review

The American Economic Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics.

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The Limits to Growth

The Limits to Growth (LTG) is a 1972 report on the computer simulation of exponential economic and population growth with a finite supply of resources.

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The Population Bomb

The Population Bomb is a best-selling book written by Stanford University Professor Paul R. Ehrlich and his wife, Anne Ehrlich (who was uncredited), in 1968.

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The Ultimate Resource

The Ultimate Resource is a 1981 book written by Julian Lincoln Simon challenging the notion that humanity was running out of natural resources.

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Thomas Piketty

Thomas Piketty (born 7 May 1971) is a French economist whose work focuses on wealth and income inequality.

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Thomas Robert Malthus

Thomas Robert Malthus (13 February 1766 – 23 December 1834) was an English cleric and scholar, influential in the fields of political economy and demography.

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Total factor productivity

In economics, total-factor productivity (TFP), also called multi-factor productivity, is the portion of output not explained by traditionally measured inputs of labour and capital used in production.

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Trevor Swan

Trevor Winchester Swan (14 January 1918 – 15 January 1989) was an Australian economist.

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Uneconomic growth

Uneconomic growth, in human development theory, welfare economics (the economics of social welfare), and some forms of ecological economics, is economic growth that reflects or creates a decline in the quality of life.

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Unified growth theory

Unified growth theory was developed to address the inability of endogenous growth theory to explain key empirical regularities in the growth processes of individual economies and the world economy as a whole.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Virtuous circle and vicious circle

The terms virtuous circle and vicious circle (also referred to as virtuous cycle and vicious cycle) refer to complex chains of events that reinforce themselves through a feedback loop.

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Wealth tax

A wealth tax (also called a capital tax or equity tax) is a levy on the total value of personal assets, including: bank deposits, real estate, assets in insurance and pension plans, ownership of unincorporated businesses, financial securities, and personal trusts.

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William R. Catton Jr.

William Robert Catton Jr. (January 15, 1926 – January 5, 2015) was an American sociologist best known for his scholarly work in environmental sociology and human ecology.

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Wind power

Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbines to mechanically power generators for electricity.

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Workforce productivity

Workforce productivity is the amount of goods and services that a worker produces in a given amount of time.

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World Growth Institute

The World Growth Institute is an international non-government organization that is a think tank for economic growth issues.

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Redirects here:

Annual average GDP growth, Development ethic, Development model, Eco-development, Economic developers, Economic growth rate, Economic rejuvenation, Environmental effects of economic growth, Environmental impact of economic development, Environmental impacts of economic growth, Expansion (economics), Financial growth, GDP Growth, GDP growth, Growth economics, Growth theory, Industrial economies, List of countries by average GDP growth (nominal), Market expansion, Market growth, Negative effects of economic growth.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_growth

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