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108 relations: Algebraic expression, Algebraic structure, Antisymmetric relation, Apartness relation, Associative property, Asymmetric relation, Automorphism, Bas van Fraassen, Bell number, Bijection, Binary relation, Cardinal number, Cardinality, Cartesian product, Category theory, Classical mathematics, Codomain, Complete lattice, Congruence (geometry), Congruence relation, Conjugacy class, Constructivism (mathematics), Coset, Cut-the-Knot, Dependency relation, Directed graph, Disjoint sets, Dobiński's formula, Domain of a function, Empty set, Equality (mathematics), Equipollence (geometry), Equivalence class, Euclid, Euclid's Elements, Euclidean relation, First-order logic, Fixed point (mathematics), Free object, Function (mathematics), Function composition, Garrett Birkhoff, Geometric lattice, Greatest common divisor, Group (mathematics), Group action, Group theory, Groupoid, Homeomorphism, Identity function, ..., If and only if, Image (mathematics), Infimum and supremum, Injective function, Integer, Invariant (mathematics), Inverse function, John Lucas (philosopher), John Wiley & Sons, Join and meet, Karel Hrbáček, Kernel (algebra), Lattice (order), Law of excluded middle, Map (mathematics), Marcel Dekker, Mathematics, Model theory, Modular arithmetic, Monoid, Morley's categoricity theorem, Natural number, Normal subgroup, Order theory, Partial equivalence relation, Partially ordered set, Partition of a set, Permutation, Permutation group, Preorder, Projection (set theory), Quotient space (topology), Raymond Louis Wilder, Reflexive relation, Robert P. Dilworth, Saunders Mac Lane, Serial relation, Setoid, Similarity (geometry), Singleton (mathematics), Subgroup, Subset, Substitution (algebra), Surjective function, Symmetric relation, Thomas Jech, Tolerance relation, Topological conjugacy, Topological space, Torus, Total order, Transitive relation, Triangle, Union (set theory), Universe (mathematics), Up to, Vacuous truth, Well-defined. Expand index (58 more) »
Algebraic expression
In mathematics, an algebraic expression is an expression built up from integer constants, variables, and the algebraic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation by an exponent that is a rational number).
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Algebraic structure
In mathematics, and more specifically in abstract algebra, an algebraic structure on a set A (called carrier set or underlying set) is a collection of finitary operations on A; the set A with this structure is also called an algebra.
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Antisymmetric relation
In mathematics, a binary relation R on a set X is anti-symmetric if there is no pair of distinct elements of X each of which is related by R to the other.
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Apartness relation
In constructive mathematics, an apartness relation is a constructive form of inequality, and is often taken to be more basic than equality.
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Associative property
In mathematics, the associative property is a property of some binary operations.
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Asymmetric relation
In mathematics, an asymmetric relation is a binary relation on a set X where.
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Automorphism
In mathematics, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself.
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Bas van Fraassen
Bastiaan Cornelis van Fraassen (born 5 April 1941) is a Dutch-American philosopher.
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Bell number
In combinatorial mathematics, the Bell numbers count the possible partitions of a set.
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Bijection
In mathematics, a bijection, bijective function, or one-to-one correspondence is a function between the elements of two sets, where each element of one set is paired with exactly one element of the other set, and each element of the other set is paired with exactly one element of the first set.
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Binary relation
In mathematics, a binary relation on a set A is a set of ordered pairs of elements of A. In other words, it is a subset of the Cartesian product A2.
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Cardinal number
In mathematics, cardinal numbers, or cardinals for short, are a generalization of the natural numbers used to measure the cardinality (size) of sets.
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Cardinality
In mathematics, the cardinality of a set is a measure of the "number of elements of the set".
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Cartesian product
In set theory (and, usually, in other parts of mathematics), a Cartesian product is a mathematical operation that returns a set (or product set or simply product) from multiple sets.
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Category theory
Category theory formalizes mathematical structure and its concepts in terms of a labeled directed graph called a category, whose nodes are called objects, and whose labelled directed edges are called arrows (or morphisms).
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Classical mathematics
In the foundations of mathematics, classical mathematics refers generally to the mainstream approach to mathematics, which is based on classical logic and ZFC set theory.
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Codomain
In mathematics, the codomain or target set of a function is the set into which all of the output of the function is constrained to fall.
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Complete lattice
In mathematics, a complete lattice is a partially ordered set in which all subsets have both a supremum (join) and an infimum (meet).
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Congruence (geometry)
In geometry, two figures or objects are congruent if they have the same shape and size, or if one has the same shape and size as the mirror image of the other.
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Congruence relation
In abstract algebra, a congruence relation (or simply congruence) is an equivalence relation on an algebraic structure (such as a group, ring, or vector space) that is compatible with the structure.
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Conjugacy class
In mathematics, especially group theory, the elements of any group may be partitioned into conjugacy classes; members of the same conjugacy class share many properties, and study of conjugacy classes of non-abelian groups reveals many important features of their structure.
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Constructivism (mathematics)
In the philosophy of mathematics, constructivism asserts that it is necessary to find (or "construct") a mathematical object to prove that it exists.
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Coset
In mathematics, if G is a group, and H is a subgroup of G, and g is an element of G, then Only when H is normal will the set of right cosets and the set of left cosets of H coincide, which is one definition of normality of a subgroup.
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Cut-the-Knot
Cut-the-knot is a free, advertisement-funded educational website maintained by Alexander Bogomolny and devoted to popular exposition of many topics in mathematics.
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Dependency relation
In mathematics and computer science, a dependency relation is a binary relation that is finite, symmetric, and reflexive; i.e. a finite tolerance relation.
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Directed graph
In mathematics, and more specifically in graph theory, a directed graph (or digraph) is a graph that is a set of vertices connected by edges, where the edges have a direction associated with them.
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Disjoint sets
In mathematics, two sets are said to be disjoint sets if they have no element in common.
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Dobiński's formula
In combinatorial mathematics, Dobiński’s formula states that the n-th Bell number Bn (i.e., the number of partitions of a set of size n) equals The formula is named after G. Dobiński, who published it in 1877.
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Domain of a function
In mathematics, and more specifically in naive set theory, the domain of definition (or simply the domain) of a function is the set of "input" or argument values for which the function is defined.
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Empty set
In mathematics, and more specifically set theory, the empty set or null set is the unique set having no elements; its size or cardinality (count of elements in a set) is zero.
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Equality (mathematics)
In mathematics, equality is a relationship between two quantities or, more generally two mathematical expressions, asserting that the quantities have the same value, or that the expressions represent the same mathematical object.
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Equipollence (geometry)
In Euclidean geometry, equipollence is a binary relation between directed line segments.
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Equivalence class
In mathematics, when the elements of some set S have a notion of equivalence (formalized as an equivalence relation) defined on them, then one may naturally split the set S into equivalence classes.
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Euclid
Euclid (Εὐκλείδης Eukleidēs; fl. 300 BC), sometimes given the name Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclides of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "founder of geometry" or the "father of geometry".
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Euclid's Elements
The Elements (Στοιχεῖα Stoicheia) is a mathematical treatise consisting of 13 books attributed to the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt c. 300 BC.
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Euclidean relation
In mathematics, Euclidean relations are a class of binary relations that formalizes "Axiom 1" in Euclid's Elements: "Magnitudes which are equal to the same are equal to each other.".
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First-order logic
First-order logic—also known as first-order predicate calculus and predicate logic—is a collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science.
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Fixed point (mathematics)
In mathematics, a fixed point (sometimes shortened to fixpoint, also known as an invariant point) of a function is an element of the function's domain that is mapped to itself by the function.
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Free object
In mathematics, the idea of a free object is one of the basic concepts of abstract algebra.
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Function (mathematics)
In mathematics, a function was originally the idealization of how a varying quantity depends on another quantity.
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Function composition
In mathematics, function composition is the pointwise application of one function to the result of another to produce a third function.
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Garrett Birkhoff
Garrett Birkhoff (January 19, 1911 – November 22, 1996) was an American mathematician.
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Geometric lattice
In the mathematics of matroids and lattices, a geometric lattice is a finite atomistic semimodular lattice, and a matroid lattice is an atomistic semimodular lattice without the assumptions of finiteness.
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Greatest common divisor
In mathematics, the greatest common divisor (gcd) of two or more integers, which are not all zero, is the largest positive integer that divides each of the integers.
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Group (mathematics)
In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of elements equipped with an operation that combines any two elements to form a third element and that satisfies four conditions called the group axioms, namely closure, associativity, identity and invertibility.
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Group action
In mathematics, an action of a group is a formal way of interpreting the manner in which the elements of the group correspond to transformations of some space in a way that preserves the structure of that space.
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Group theory
In mathematics and abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups.
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Groupoid
In mathematics, especially in category theory and homotopy theory, a groupoid (less often Brandt groupoid or virtual group) generalises the notion of group in several equivalent ways.
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Homeomorphism
In the mathematical field of topology, a homeomorphism or topological isomorphism or bi continuous function is a continuous function between topological spaces that has a continuous inverse function.
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Identity function
Graph of the identity function on the real numbers In mathematics, an identity function, also called an identity relation or identity map or identity transformation, is a function that always returns the same value that was used as its argument.
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If and only if
In logic and related fields such as mathematics and philosophy, if and only if (shortened iff) is a biconditional logical connective between statements.
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Image (mathematics)
In mathematics, an image is the subset of a function's codomain which is the output of the function from a subset of its domain.
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Infimum and supremum
In mathematics, the infimum (abbreviated inf; plural infima) of a subset S of a partially ordered set T is the greatest element in T that is less than or equal to all elements of S, if such an element exists.
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Injective function
In mathematics, an injective function or injection or one-to-one function is a function that preserves distinctness: it never maps distinct elements of its domain to the same element of its codomain.
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Integer
An integer (from the Latin ''integer'' meaning "whole")Integer 's first literal meaning in Latin is "untouched", from in ("not") plus tangere ("to touch").
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Invariant (mathematics)
In mathematics, an invariant is a property, held by a class of mathematical objects, which remains unchanged when transformations of a certain type are applied to the objects.
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Inverse function
In mathematics, an inverse function (or anti-function) is a function that "reverses" another function: if the function applied to an input gives a result of, then applying its inverse function to gives the result, and vice versa.
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John Lucas (philosopher)
John Randolph Lucas FBA (born 18 June 1929) is a British philosopher.
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John Wiley & Sons
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., also referred to as Wiley, is a global publishing company that specializes in academic publishing.
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Join and meet
In a partially ordered set P, the join and meet of a subset S are respectively the supremum (least upper bound) of S, denoted ⋁S, and infimum (greatest lower bound) of S, denoted ⋀S.
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Karel Hrbáček
Karel Hrbáček (born 1944) is professor emeritus of mathematics at City College of New York.
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Kernel (algebra)
In the various branches of mathematics that fall under the heading of abstract algebra, the kernel of a homomorphism measures the degree to which the homomorphism fails to be injective.
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Lattice (order)
A lattice is an abstract structure studied in the mathematical subdisciplines of order theory and abstract algebra.
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Law of excluded middle
In logic, the law of excluded middle (or the principle of excluded middle) states that for any proposition, either that proposition is true or its negation is true.
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Map (mathematics)
In mathematics, the term mapping, sometimes shortened to map, refers to either a function, often with some sort of special structure, or a morphism in category theory, which generalizes the idea of a function.
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Marcel Dekker
Marcel Dekker was a journal and encyclopedia publishing company with editorial boards found in New York, New York.
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Mathematics
Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.
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Model theory
In mathematics, model theory is the study of classes of mathematical structures (e.g. groups, fields, graphs, universes of set theory) from the perspective of mathematical logic.
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Modular arithmetic
In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" upon reaching a certain value—the modulus (plural moduli).
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Monoid
In abstract algebra, a branch of mathematics, a monoid is an algebraic structure with a single associative binary operation and an identity element.
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Morley's categoricity theorem
In model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, a theory is κ-categorical (or categorical in κ) if it has exactly one model of cardinality κ up to isomorphism.
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Natural number
In mathematics, the natural numbers are those used for counting (as in "there are six coins on the table") and ordering (as in "this is the third largest city in the country").
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Normal subgroup
In abstract algebra, a normal subgroup is a subgroup which is invariant under conjugation by members of the group of which it is a part.
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Order theory
Order theory is a branch of mathematics which investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations.
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Partial equivalence relation
In mathematics, a partial equivalence relation (often abbreviated as PER, in older literature also called restricted equivalence relation) R on a set X is a relation that is symmetric and transitive.
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Partially ordered set
In mathematics, especially order theory, a partially ordered set (also poset) formalizes and generalizes the intuitive concept of an ordering, sequencing, or arrangement of the elements of a set.
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Partition of a set
In mathematics, a partition of a set is a grouping of the set's elements into non-empty subsets, in such a way that every element is included in one and only one of the subsets.
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Permutation
In mathematics, the notion of permutation relates to the act of arranging all the members of a set into some sequence or order, or if the set is already ordered, rearranging (reordering) its elements, a process called permuting.
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Permutation group
In mathematics, a permutation group is a group G whose elements are permutations of a given set M and whose group operation is the composition of permutations in G (which are thought of as bijective functions from the set M to itself).
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Preorder
In mathematics, especially in order theory, a preorder or quasiorder is a binary relation that is reflexive and transitive.
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Projection (set theory)
In set theory, a projection is one of two closely related types of functions or operations, namely.
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Quotient space (topology)
In topology and related areas of mathematics, a quotient space (also called an identification space) is, intuitively speaking, the result of identifying or "gluing together" certain points of a given topological space.
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Raymond Louis Wilder
Raymond Louis Wilder (3 November 1896 in Palmer, Massachusetts – 7 July 1982 in Santa Barbara, California) was an American mathematician, who specialized in topology and gradually acquired philosophical and anthropological interests.
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Reflexive relation
In mathematics, a binary relation R over a set X is reflexive if every element of X is related to itself.
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Robert P. Dilworth
Robert Palmer Dilworth (December 2, 1914 – October 29, 1993) was an American mathematician.
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Saunders Mac Lane
Saunders Mac Lane (4 August 1909 – 14 April 2005) was an American mathematician who co-founded category theory with Samuel Eilenberg.
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Serial relation
In set theory, a serial relation is a binary relation R for which every element of the domain has a corresponding range element (∀ x ∃ y x R y).
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Setoid
In mathematics, a setoid (X, ~) is a set (or type) X equipped with an equivalence relation ~. A Setoid may also be called E-set, Bishop set, or extensional set.
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Similarity (geometry)
Two geometrical objects are called similar if they both have the same shape, or one has the same shape as the mirror image of the other.
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Singleton (mathematics)
In mathematics, a singleton, also known as a unit set, is a set with exactly one element.
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Subgroup
In group theory, a branch of mathematics, given a group G under a binary operation ∗, a subset H of G is called a subgroup of G if H also forms a group under the operation ∗.
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Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B, or equivalently B is a superset of A, if A is "contained" inside B, that is, all elements of A are also elements of B. A and B may coincide.
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Substitution (algebra)
In algebra, the operation of substitution can be applied in various contexts involving formal objects containing symbols (often called variables or indeterminates); the operation consists of systematically replacing occurrences of some symbol by a given value.
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Surjective function
In mathematics, a function f from a set X to a set Y is surjective (or onto), or a surjection, if for every element y in the codomain Y of f there is at least one element x in the domain X of f such that f(x).
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Symmetric relation
In mathematics and other areas, a binary relation R over a set X is symmetric if it holds for all a and b in X that a is related to b if and only if b is related to a. In mathematical notation, this is: Symmetry, along with reflexivity and transitivity, are the three defining properties of an equivalence relation.
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Thomas Jech
Thomas J. Jech (Tomáš Jech,; born January 29, 1944 in Prague) is a mathematician specializing in set theory who was at Penn State for more than 25 years.
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Tolerance relation
In mathematics, a tolerance relation is a relation that is reflexive and symmetric, but not necessarily transitive; a set X that possesses a tolerance relation can be described as a tolerance space.
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Topological conjugacy
In mathematics, two functions are said to be topologically conjugate to one another if there exists a homeomorphism that will conjugate the one into the other.
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Topological space
In topology and related branches of mathematics, a topological space may be defined as a set of points, along with a set of neighbourhoods for each point, satisfying a set of axioms relating points and neighbourhoods.
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Torus
In geometry, a torus (plural tori) is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three-dimensional space about an axis coplanar with the circle.
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Total order
In mathematics, a linear order, total order, simple order, or (non-strict) ordering is a binary relation on some set X, which is antisymmetric, transitive, and a connex relation.
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Transitive relation
In mathematics, a binary relation over a set is transitive if whenever an element is related to an element and is related to an element then is also related to.
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Triangle
A triangle is a polygon with three edges and three vertices.
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Union (set theory)
In set theory, the union (denoted by ∪) of a collection of sets is the set of all elements in the collection.
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Universe (mathematics)
In mathematics, and particularly in set theory, category theory, type theory, and the foundations of mathematics, a universe is a collection that contains all the entities one wishes to consider in a given situation.
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Up to
In mathematics, the phrase up to appears in discussions about the elements of a set (say S), and the conditions under which subsets of those elements may be considered equivalent.
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Vacuous truth
In mathematics and logic, a vacuous truth is a statement that asserts that all members of the empty set have a certain property.
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Well-defined
In mathematics, an expression is called well-defined or unambiguous if its definition assigns it a unique interpretation or value.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_relation
