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136 relations: Adenosine triphosphate, Aeromonas, Amoebozoa, Analogy, Animal, Animal locomotion, Apicomplexa, Apusozoa, Archaea, Archaellum, Axoneme, Bacteria, Basal body, Bodonida, Brown algae, Bryophyte, Bryopsidales, Campylobacter jejuni, Caulobacter crescentus, Cell membrane, Cell surface receptor, Centriole, Charophyceae, Chemiosmosis, Chemotaxis, Chlamydomonas, Chlorophyta, Choanocyte, Chytridiomycota, Ciliate, Ciliopathy, Cilium, Clockwise, Collodictyonidae, Convergent evolution, Cryptomonad, Cycad, Cytoplasm, Diatom, Dinoflagellate, Diplomonad, Dynein, Electron cryotomography, Epithelium, Escherichia coli, Euglenid, Eukaryote, Fimbria (bacteriology), Flagellar motor switch, Flagellin, ..., Flowering plant, Foraminifera, Fungus, Gamete, Ginkgo, Glycan, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, Green algae, Gymnosperm, Haptophyte, Helicobacter pylori, Helix, Heterokont, Homology (biology), Howard Berg, Hydron (chemistry), Hyphochytriomycetes, Intraflagellar transport, Ion transporter, Irreducible complexity, Journal of Mammalogy, Kinetoplastida, L ring, Labyrinthulomycetes, Latin, Lipopolysaccharide, Lynn Margulis, Mastigoneme, Microtubule, Microtubule organizing center, Molecular diffusion, MotA, Motility, Multicilia, Myxogastria, Nanometre, Oedogoniaceae, Oomycete, Opalinidae, Opisthokont, Organelle, P ring, Parabasalid, Pavlovaceae, Pelomyxa, Peptidoglycan, Periplasm, Phylogenetics, Phytomyxea, Pilin, Pilus, Polar organelle, Prasinophyceae, Protein, Proteobacteria, Proton pump, Pteridophyte, Radial spoke, Radiolaria, Red algae, Revolutions per minute, Reynolds number, Rotating locomotion in living systems, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, Scanning electron microscope, Selenomonad, Sodium, Spermatozoon, Spirochaete, Sponge, Stephanopogon, Thomas Cavalier-Smith, Torque, Type three secretion system, Undulipodium, Vibrio, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Viscosity, Whip, Yellow-green algae, Zoid, Zoospore, Zygnematophyceae. Expand index (86 more) »
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes.
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Aeromonas
Aeromonas is a genus of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that morphologically resemble members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
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Amoebozoa
Amoebozoa is a major taxonomic group containing about 2,400 described species of amoeboid protists, often possessing blunt, fingerlike, lobose pseudopods and tubular mitochondrial cristae.
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Analogy
Analogy (from Greek ἀναλογία, analogia, "proportion", from ana- "upon, according to" + logos "ratio") is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analog, or source) to another (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Animal locomotion
Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another.
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Apicomplexa
The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates.
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Apusozoa
The Apusozoa are an Obazoa phylum comprising several genera of flagellate eukaryotes.
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Archaea
Archaea (or or) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms.
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Archaellum
An archaellum (plural: archaella) is a new name for the unique whip-like structure on the cell surface of many archaea (formerly called the archaeal flagellum).
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Axoneme
Numerous eukaryotic cells carry whip-like appendages (cilia or eukaryotic flagella) whose inner core consists of a cytoskeletal structure called the axoneme.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Basal body
A basal body (synonymous with basal granule, kinetosome, and in older cytological literature with blepharoplast) is a protein structure found at the base of a eukaryotic undulipodium (cilium or flagellum).
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Bodonida
Bodonida is an order of kinetoplastid flagellate excavates.
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Brown algae
The brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere.
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Bryophyte
Bryophytes are an informal group consisting of three divisions of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts and mosses.
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Bryopsidales
Bryopsidales is an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae.
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Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in the United States and in Europe.
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Caulobacter crescentus
Caulobacter crescentus is a Gram-negative, oligotrophic bacterium widely distributed in fresh water lakes and streams.
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Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
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Cell surface receptor
Cell surface receptors (membrane receptors, transmembrane receptors) are receptors that are embedded in the membranes of cells.
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Centriole
In cell biology a centriole is a cylindrical cellular organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin.
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Charophyceae
Charophyceae is a class (biology) of charophyte green algae, and consist of the single order Charales, commonly known as "stoneworts" and "brittleworts".
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Chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.
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Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus.
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Chlamydomonas
Chlamydomonas is a genus of green algae consisting of about 325 speciesSmith, G.M. 1955 Cryptogamic Botany Volume 1.
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Chlorophyta
Chlorophyta is a division of green algae, informally called chlorophytes.
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Choanocyte
Choanocytes (also known as "collar cells") are cells that line the interior of asconoid, syconoid and leuconoid body type sponges that contain a central flagellum, or undulipodia,, 2004, accessed 2010-04-06.
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Chytridiomycota
Chytridiomycota is a division of zoosporic organisms in the kingdom Fungi, informally known as chytrids.
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Ciliate
The ciliates are a group of protozoans characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and present in much larger numbers, with a different undulating pattern than flagella.
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Ciliopathy
A ciliopathy is a genetic disorder of the cellular cilia or the cilia anchoring structures, the basal bodies, or of ciliary function.
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Cilium
A cilium (the plural is cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
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Clockwise
Two-dimensional rotation can occur in two possible directions.
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Collodictyonidae
Collodictyonidae (also Diphylleidae) is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella.
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Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages.
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Cryptomonad
The cryptomonads (or cryptophytes) are a group of algae, most of which have plastids.
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Cycad
Cycads are seed plants with a long fossil history that were formerly more abundant and more diverse than they are today.
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Cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.
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Diatom
Diatoms (diá-tom-os "cut in half", from diá, "through" or "apart"; and the root of tém-n-ō, "I cut".) are a major group of microorganisms found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
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Dinoflagellate
The dinoflagellates (Greek δῖνος dinos "whirling" and Latin flagellum "whip, scourge") are a large group of flagellate eukaryotes that constitute the phylum Dinoflagellata.
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Diplomonad
The diplomonads (Greek for "two units") are a group of flagellates, most of which are parasitic.
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Dynein
Dynein is a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells.
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Electron cryotomography
Electron cryotomography (CryoET) is an imaging technique used to produce high-resolution (~4 nm) three-dimensional views of samples, typically biological macromolecules and cells.
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Epithelium
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
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Euglenid
Euglenids (euglenoids, or euglenophytes, formally Euglenida/Euglenoida, ICZN, or Euglenophyceae, ICBN) are one of the best-known groups of flagellates, which are excavate eukaryotes of the phylum Euglenophyta and their cell structure is typical of that group.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Fimbria (bacteriology)
In bacteriology, a fimbria (plural fimbriae), also referred to as an "attachment pilus" by some scientists, is an appendage that can be found on many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria that is thinner and shorter than a flagellum.
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Flagellar motor switch
In molecular biology, the flagellar motor switch is a protein complex.
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Flagellin
Flagellin is a globular protein that arranges itself in a hollow cylinder to form the filament in a bacterial flagellum.
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Flowering plant
The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approximately 13,164 known genera and c. 295,383 known species.
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Foraminifera
Foraminifera (Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly an external shell (called a "test") of diverse forms and materials.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Gamete
A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete from gamein "to marry") is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce.
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Ginkgo
Ginkgo is a genus of highly unusual non-flowering plants.
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Glycan
The terms glycan and polysaccharide are defined by IUPAC as synonyms meaning "compounds consisting of a large number of monosaccharides linked glycosidically".
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Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of bacterial differentiation.
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Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their cell wall.
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Green algae
The green algae (singular: green alga) are a large, informal grouping of algae consisting of the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta, which are now placed in separate divisions, as well as the more basal Mesostigmatophyceae, Chlorokybophyceae and Spirotaenia.
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Gymnosperm
The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes.
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Haptophyte
The haptophytes, classified either as the Haptophyta, Haptophytina or Prymnesiophyta (named for Prymnesium), are a Division (botany) of algae.
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Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium usually found in the stomach.
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Helix
A helix, plural helixes or helices, is a type of smooth space curve, i.e. a curve in three-dimensional space.
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Heterokont
The heterokonts or stramenopiles (formally, Heterokonta or Stramenopiles) are a major line of eukaryotes currently containing more than 25,000 known species.
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Homology (biology)
In biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa.
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Howard Berg
Howard Curtis Berg (born 1934) is the Herchel Smith Professor of Physics and Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard University, where he teaches biophysics and studies the motility of the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli).
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Hydron (chemistry)
In chemistry, a hydron is the general name for a cationic form of atomic hydrogen, represented with the symbol.
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Hyphochytriomycetes
Hyphochytrids are eukaryotic organisms in the group of Stramenopiles (Heterokonta), formerly classified as fungi or as protists.
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Intraflagellar transport
Intraflagellar transport or IFT is a bidirectional motility along axonemal microtubules that is essential for the formation (ciliogenesis) and maintenance of most eukaryotic cilia and flagella.
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Ion transporter
In biology, an ion transporter (or ion pump) is a transmembrane protein that moves ions across a plasma membrane against their concentration gradient through active transport.
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Irreducible complexity
Irreducible complexity (IC) is the idea that certain biological systems cannot evolve by successive small modifications to pre-existing functional systems through natural selection.
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Journal of Mammalogy
The Journal of Mammalogy is the flagship publication of the American Society of Mammalogists.
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Kinetoplastida
Kinetoplastida (or Kinetoplastea, as a class) is a group of flagellated protists belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa, and characterised by the presence of an organelle with a large massed DNA called kinetoplast (hence the name).
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L ring
The L-ring of the bacterial flagellum is the ring in the lipid outer cell membrane through which the axial filament (rod, hook, and flagellum) passes.
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Labyrinthulomycetes
The Labyrinthulomycetes (ICBN) or Labyrinthulea (ICZN) are a class of protists that produce a network of filaments or tubes, which serve as tracks for the cells to glide along and absorb nutrients for them.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also known as lipoglycans and endotoxins, are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide composed of O-antigen, outer core and inner core joined by a covalent bond; they are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Lynn Margulis
Lynn Margulis (born Lynn Petra Alexander; March 5, 1938 – November 22, 2011) was an American evolutionary theorist and biologist, science author, educator, and popularizer, and was the primary modern proponent for the significance of symbiosis in evolution.
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Mastigoneme
Mastigonemes are lateral "hairs" found covering the flagella of heterokont and cryptophyte algae.
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Microtubule
Microtubules are tubular polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton that provides the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and some bacteria with structure and shape.
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Microtubule organizing center
The microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) is a structure found in eukaryotic cells from which microtubules emerge.
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Molecular diffusion
Molecular diffusion, often simply called diffusion, is the thermal motion of all (liquid or gas) particles at temperatures above absolute zero.
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MotA
Motility protein A, also known as MotA Pait, is a bacterial protein that is encoded by the motA gene.
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Motility
Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy.
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Multicilia
Multicilia is a flagellated genus of Amoebozoa.
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Myxogastria
Myxogastria/Myxogastrea (myxogastrids, ICZN) or Myxomycetes (ICBN), is a class of slime molds that contains 5 orders, 14 families, 62 genera and 888 species.
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Nanometre
The nanometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm) or nanometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth (short scale) of a metre (m).
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Oedogoniaceae
The Oedogoniales are an order of filamentous freshwater green algae of the class Chlorophyceae.
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Oomycete
Oomycota or oomycetes form a distinct phylogenetic lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms.
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Opalinidae
The opalines are a small group of peculiar heterokonts, currently assigned to the family Opalinidae, in the order Slopalinida.
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Opisthokont
The opisthokonts (Greek: ὀπίσθιος (opísthios).
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Organelle
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, in which their function is vital for the cell to live.
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P ring
The P ring is the part of the bacterial flagellum, which is known to be embedded in the peptidoglycan cell wall.
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Parabasalid
The parabasalids are a group of flagellated protists within the supergroup Excavata.
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Pavlovaceae
Pavlovaceae is a family of haptophytes.
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Pelomyxa
Pelomyxa is a genus of giant flagellar amoeboids, usually 500-800 μm but occasionally up to 5 mm in length, found in anaerobic or microaerobic bottom sediments of stagnant freshwater ponds or slow-moving streams.
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Peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall.
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Periplasm
The periplasm is a concentrated gel-like matrix in the space between the inner cytoplasmic membrane and the bacterial outer membrane called the periplasmic space in gram-negative bacteria.
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Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: φυλή, φῦλον – phylé, phylon.
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Phytomyxea
The Phytomyxea are a class of parasites of plants.
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Pilin
Pilin refers to a class of fibrous proteins that are found in pilus structures in bacteria.
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Pilus
A pilus (Latin for 'hair'; plural: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria.
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Polar organelle
Polar organelle (German: Basalkörper-Membran, also referred to in some microbiological literature articles as "polar membrane" or "polar cap") is a specialized region of the lipid cell membrane in bacterial cells, usually located at or near the so-called poles (e.g. the ends of a cylindrical cell).
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Prasinophyceae
The Prasinophytes are a paraphyletic class of unicellular green algae.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Proteobacteria
Proteobacteria is a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria. They include a wide variety of pathogens, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Yersinia, Legionellales, and many other notable genera. Others are free-living (non-parasitic), and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the "purple bacteria and their relatives". Because of the great diversity of forms found in this group, it was named after Proteus, a Greek god of the sea capable of assuming many different shapes and is not named after the genus Proteus. Some Alphaproteobacteria can grow at very low levels of nutrients and have unusual morphology such as stalks and buds. Others include agriculturally important bacteria capable of inducing nitrogen fixation in symbiosis with plants. The type order is the Caulobacterales, comprising stalk-forming bacteria such as Caulobacter. The Betaproteobacteria are highly metabolically diverse and contain chemolithoautotrophs, photoautotrophs, and generalist heterotrophs. The type order is the Burkholderiales, comprising an enormous range of metabolic diversity, including opportunistic pathogens. The Hydrogenophilalia are obligate thermophiles and include heterotrophs and autotrophs. The type order is the Hydrogenophilales. The Gammaproteobacteria are the largest class in terms of species with validly published names. The type order is the Pseudomonadales, which include the genera Pseudomonas and the nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter. The Acidithiobacillia contain only sulfur, iron and uranium-oxidising autotrophs. The type order is the Acidithiobacillales, which includes economically important organisms used in the mining industry such as Acidithiobacillus spp. The Deltaproteobacteria include bacteria that are predators on other bacteria and are important contributors to the anaerobic side of the sulfur cycle. The type order is the Myxococcales, which includes organisms with self-organising abilities such as Myxococcus spp. The Epsilonproteobacteria are often slender, Gram-negative rods that are helical or curved. The type order is the Campylobacterales, which includes important food pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. The Oligoflexia are filamentous aerobes. The type order is the Oligoflexales, which contains the genus Oligoflexus.
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Proton pump
A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane.
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Pteridophyte
A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores (and lacks seeds).
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Radial spoke
The radial spoke is a multi-unit protein structure found in the axonemes of eukaryotic cilia and flagella.
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Radiolaria
The Radiolaria, also called Radiozoa, are protozoa of diameter 0.1–0.2 mm that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into the inner and outer portions of endoplasm and ectoplasm.The elaborate mineral skeleton is usually made of silica.
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Red algae
The red algae, or Rhodophyta, are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
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Revolutions per minute
Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min) is the number of turns in one minute.
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Reynolds number
The Reynolds number is an important dimensionless quantity in fluid mechanics used to help predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations.
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Rotating locomotion in living systems
Several organisms are capable of rolling locomotion; however, true wheels and propellers—despite their utility in human vehicles—do not appear to play a significant role in the movement of living things (with the exception of certain flagella, which function like corkscrews).
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Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Salmonella enterica subsp.
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Scanning electron microscope
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.
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Selenomonad
The genus Selenomonas constitutes a group of motile crescent-shaped bacteria within the Veillonellaceae family and includes species living in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals, in particular the ruminants.
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Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
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Spermatozoon
A spermatozoon (pronounced, alternate spelling spermatozoön; plural spermatozoa; from σπέρμα "seed" and ζῷον "living being") is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete.
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Spirochaete
A spirochaete or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetes, which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells.
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Sponge
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (meaning "pore bearer"), are a basal Metazoa clade as sister of the Diploblasts.
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Stephanopogon
Stephanopogon is a genus of flagellate marine protozoan that superficially resembles a ciliate.
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Thomas Cavalier-Smith
Thomas (Tom) Cavalier-Smith, FRS, FRSC, NERC Professorial Fellow (born 21 October 1942), is a Professor of Evolutionary Biology in the Department of Zoology, at the University of Oxford.
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Torque
Torque, moment, or moment of force is rotational force.
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Type three secretion system
Type three secretion system (often written Type III secretion system and abbreviated TTSS or T3SS, also called Injectisome) is a protein appendage found in several Gram-negative bacteria.
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Undulipodium
An undulipodium (a Greek word meaning "swinging foot") or a 9+2 organelle is a motile filamentous extracellular projection of eukaryotic cells.
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Vibrio
Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, possessing a curved-rod shape (comma shape), several species of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood.
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Vibrio alginolyticus
Vibrio alginolyticus is a Gram-negative marine bacterium.
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Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium.
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a curved, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium found in brackish saltwater, which, when ingested, causes gastrointestinal illness in humans.
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Viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.
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Whip
A whip is a tool which was traditionally designed to strike animals or people to aid guidance or exert control over animals or other people, through pain compliance or fear of pain, although in some activities, whips can be used without use of pain, such as an additional pressure aid or visual directional cue in equestrianism.
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Yellow-green algae
Yellow-green algae or the Xanthophyceae (xanthophytes) are an important group of heterokont algae.
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Zoid
In botany, a zoid or zoïd is a reproductive cell that possesses one or more flagella, and is capable of independent movement.
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Zoospore
A zoospore is a motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion.
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Zygnematophyceae
Zygnematophyceae (or Conjugatophyceae) is a class of green algae in the division Charophyta.
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Redirects here:
Amphitrichous, Axial filament, Bacterial flagella, Bacterial flagellum, Eukaryotic flagellum, Flagell, Flagella, Flagellae, Flagellar, Flagellar motility, Flagellated, Lophotrichous, Monotrichous, Peritrichous, Phragellion, Polar flagellar tuft.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellum
