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500 relations: Aestivation, African clawed frog, African dwarf frog, Agalychnis callidryas, Ain, Algae, Alkaloid, Allobates zaparo, Alsodidae, Alytidae, American bullfrog, American Journal of Physiology, American spadefoot toad, American toad, Ammonia, Amniote, Amphibian, Amplexus, Anatomical terms of location, Anaxyrus fowleri, Ancient Greek, André Marie Constant Duméril, Animal communication, Animal testing, Animal welfare, Annelid, Antarctica, Aorta, Aposematism, Aquaculture, Aquatic locomotion, Archaeobatrachia, Arctic Circle, Aristophanes, Arizona, Aromobatidae, Arthroleptidae, Arthropod, Atrium (heart), Auricle (anatomy), Australia, Australian green tree frog, Batesian mimicry, Batrachotoxin, Batrachylidae, Binocular vision, Biogeography, Bioindicator, Biological life cycle, Biological pest control, ..., Biological specificity, Biological system, Biomass (ecology), Blowgun, Body plan, Bombinatoridae, Bone, Bornean flat-headed frog, Boundary friction, Brachycephalidae, Brevicipitidae, British Library Sound Archive, Bromeliaceae, Buccal pumping, Bufotenin, Bufotoxin, Burrow, Caecilian, Cajuns, Calyptocephalellidae, Cameroon, Camouflage, Cane toad, Cannibalism, Canopy (biology), Cantonese cuisine, Capillary action, Carbon dioxide, Carboniferous, Carnivore, Catapult, Catfish, Caudata, Ceratobatrachidae, Ceratophryidae, Cerebellum, Cerebrum, Chicxulub impactor, Chile, Chinese edible frog, Chytridiomycosis, Clade, Cladogram, Climbing, Cloaca, Colorado River toad, Common descent, Common garter snake, Common midwife toad, Common toad, Common tree frog, Conraua, Conservation biology, Convergent evolution, Corroboree frog, Couch's spadefoot toad, Cranial nerves, Craugastoridae, Cream-backed poison frog, Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, Crown group, Cuban tree frog, Cycloramphidae, Cyclorana, Czatkobatrachus, Dart (missile), Darwin's frog, Decline in amphibian populations, Denticle (tooth feature), Departments of France, Dermis, Dermolepida albohirtum, Developmental biology, Diatom, Dicroglossidae, Digit (anatomy), Dissection, Dissorophoidea, Dolly (sheep), Dombes, Dominica, Dormancy, Dragonfly, Dyscophus antongilii, Dytiscidae, Early Jurassic, Early Triassic, Ecosystem, Ectotherm, Edible frog, Efferent ducts, Egg, Electrical tuning, Electricity, Eleutherodactylidae, Eleutherodactylus, Embryology, Enzyme, Epibatidine, Epidermis, Epileptic seizure, Ethology, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, Euphlyctis hexadactylus, European fire-bellied toad, European spadefoot toad, Eve, Evolution of biparental care in tropical frogs, Exostosis, External fertilization, Extinction, Eye, Fairy tale, Familiar spirit, Family (biology), Fibula, Fire-bellied toad, Fish, Flatworm, Flying frog, Folivore, Folklore, Food web, Fossil, Fossorial, Frog legs, Fungus, Gastric acid, Gastric-brooding frog, Gastrophryne olivacea, Gastropoda, Gastrotheca guentheri, Genetic divergence, Genome, Gerobatrachus, Ghost frog, Gill, Gland, Glass frog, Golden coquí, Golden poison frog, Golden toad, Goliath frog, Granular poison frog, Grasshopper, Gray tree frog, Great Plains toad, Grey foam-nest tree frog, Guna people, Hairy frog, Hallucinogen, Hawk, Heart, Heleioporus, Hemiphractidae, Herbivore, Heron, Hibernaculum (zoology), Hibernation, HighBeam Research, HIV, Holocene, Hormone, Huaca, Human chorionic gonadotropin, Human musculoskeletal system, Hybrid (biology), Hybrid zone, Hylidae, Hylodidae, Hyloidea, Hyoid bone, Hyperoliidae, Ilium (bone), Indigenous (ecology), Indirana, Indonesian cuisine, Internal fertilization, Invasive species, Iris (anatomy), John Milton, Jumping, Jurassic, Kassina maculata, Kayenta Formation, Keratin, Kermit the Frog, Kidney, Kingfisher, Lancelot Hogben, Larco Museum, Larva, Larynx, Lateral line, Lectin, Leiopelmatidae, Lens (anatomy), Lepospondyli, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylus fallax, Leptodactylus mystaceus, Limnonectes larvaepartus, Lissamphibia, List of Anuran families, Lithodytes lineatus, Lizard, Locust, Loose connective tissue, Lottery, Louisiana, Luigi Galvani, Lymph, Madagascar, Mammal, Mandible, Manitoba, Mantellidae, Mark Twain, Marsh frog, Medulla oblongata, Megophryidae, Mesoamerica, Mesobatrachia, Mesozoic, Metabolism, Metamorphosis, Metatarsal bones, Michigan J. Frog, Micrixalus, Microhylidae, Mink, Mitochondrion, Moche culture, Model organism, Mola (art form), Molecular clock, Molecular phylogenetics, Monophyly, Monsoon, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Morphine, Morphology (biology), Mountain yellow-legged frog, Mouth, Mucus, Myobatrachidae, Nannophrys ceylonensis, Nasikabatrachus, Nectophrynoides, Neobatrachia, Neobatrachus, Nervous system, Neurotoxin, New Mexico spadefoot toad, New Orleans, Newt, Nictitating membrane, Nimbaphrynoides, Nocturnality, Northern cricket frog, Northern leopard frog, Northern red-legged frog, Northern short-tailed shrew, Notobatrachus, Notochord, Nyctibatrachidae, Odontophrynidae, Old English, Omnivore, One Froggy Evening, Onomatopoeia, Order (biology), Osmosis, Osteoderm, Ovoviviparity, Oxygen, Pacific tree frog, Paedophryne amauensis, Paleozoic, Panama, Panama City, Panamanian golden frog, Pangaea, Papua New Guinea, Paradise Lost, Parietal bone, Parotoid gland, Parsley frog, Pedicellate teeth, Pelobatoidea, Pelvis, Permian, Peru, Petropedetidae, Photosynthesis, Phrynobatrachus, Phyllobates, Phyllobates aurotaenia, Phyllobates bicolor, Phyllomedusa ayeaye, Phyllomedusinae, Phylogenetic tree, Phytotelma, Pig frog, Pipidae, Pipoidea, Plains spadefoot toad, Planktivore, Planorbidae, Ploidy, Poison dart frog, Poland, Pool frog, Pouched frog, Predation, Prosalirus, Protein, Proto-Indo-European language, Psychoactive drug, Ptychadenidae, Pulmonary artery, Pupa, Purple frog, Pyxicephalidae, Pyxicephalus, Raccoon, Radius (bone), Ranavirus, Ranoidea, Recreational drug use, Resonance chamber, Respiration (physiology), Rhacophoridae, Rhinodermatidae, Rhinophrynidae, Rib, Ribeiroia ondatrae, Ribosomal DNA, Robert Briggs (scientist), Running, Sacrum, Salamander, Salientia, Sarcopterygii, Satan, Scaphiophryne marmorata, Scaphiopus, Seasonal breeder, Secondary sex characteristic, Semen, Semipermeable membrane, Sesame Street, Shoulder girdle, Shovelnose frog, Sichuan, Skeletochronology, Skin, Skin fold, Skunk, Slug, Smoky jungle frog, Snake, Somatic cell nuclear transfer, Sooglossidae, Southern toad, Speciation, Species description, Species diversity, Species richness, Spinal nerve, Spiracle, Stannius ligature, Strawberry poison-dart frog, Stressor, Striped burrowing frog, Striped rocket frog, Subarctic, Substrate (biology), Sugarcane, Surface tension, Swikee, Symbiosis, Tadpole, Tail, Tailed frog, Talisman, Talus bone, Tanzania, Tarsus (skeleton), Taxonomy (biology), Túngara frog, Telmatobius, Telmatobius culeus, Temnospondyli, Termite, Testicle, Texas, The Frog Prince, The Muppet Show, Thomas Joseph King, Thoracic diaphragm, Threatened species, Thyroid hormones, Tibia, Toad, Tongue, Torpor, Transitional fossil, Tree frog, Trematoda, Triadobatrachus, Triassic, Tropical rainforest, Tropics, True frog, True toad, Tubercle, Tukeit Hill frog, Tympanum (anatomy), Ulna, Ultraviolet, University of Queensland, Urban legend, Urea, Ureter, Uric acid, Urinary bladder, Vasoconstriction, Ventricle (heart), Vertebra, Vertebral column, Vertebrate, Vieraella, Viscosity, Viviparity, Vocal sac, Vomer, Walking, Wallace's flying frog, Warner Bros., Western clawed frog, Western spotted frog, Witchcraft, Wood frog, Woodhouse's toad, World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, Xenohyla truncata, Yellow-bellied toad, Yellow-striped pygmy eleuth, 1995 in paleontology. 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Aestivation
Aestivation or æstivation (from aestas, summer, but also spelled estivation in American English) is a state of animal dormancy, similar to hibernation, characterized by inactivity and a lowered metabolic rate, that is entered in response to high temperatures and arid conditions.
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African clawed frog
The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis, also known as the xenopus, African clawed toad, African claw-toed frog or the platanna) is a species of African aquatic frog of the family Pipidae.
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African dwarf frog
African dwarf frogs are commonly confused with dwarf clawed frogs aka african clawed frog, genus Hymenochirus, are small aquatic frogs native to parts of Equatorial Africa.
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Agalychnis callidryas
Agalychnis callidryas, known as the red-eyed treefrog, is an arboreal hylid native to Neotropical rainforests where it ranges from Mexico, through Central America, to Colombia.
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Ain
Ain (Arpitan: En) is a department named after the Ain River on the eastern edge of France.
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Algae
Algae (singular alga) is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.
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Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring chemical compounds that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms.
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Allobates zaparo
The sanguine poison frog or Zaparo's poison frog (Allobates zaparo; in Spanish rana venenosa) is a species of frog in the family Aromobatidae.
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Alsodidae
The Alsodidae are a small family of frogs from South America between Patagonia and southern Brazil.
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Alytidae
The Alytidae are a family of primitive frogs.
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American bullfrog
The American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus or Rana catesbeiana), often simply known as the bullfrog in Canada and the United States, is an amphibious frog, a member of the family Ranidae, or “true frogs”.
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American Journal of Physiology
The American Journal of Physiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal on physiology published by the American Physiological Society.
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American spadefoot toad
The Scaphiopodidae are a family of American spadefoot toads native to southern Canada, the United States, and extend to southern Mexico.
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American toad
The American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) is a common species of toad found throughout the eastern United States and Canada.
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Ammonia
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.
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Amniote
Amniotes (from Greek ἀμνίον amnion, "membrane surrounding the fetus", earlier "bowl in which the blood of sacrificed animals was caught", from ἀμνός amnos, "lamb") are a clade of tetrapod vertebrates comprising the reptiles, birds, and mammals.
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Amphibian
Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.
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Amplexus
Amplexus (Latin "embrace") is a type of mating behavior exhibited by some externally fertilizing species (chiefly amphibians and horseshoe crabs) in which a male grasps a female with his front legs as part of the mating process, and at the same time or with some time delay, he fertilizes the female eggs as they are released from the body.
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Anatomical terms of location
Standard anatomical terms of location deal unambiguously with the anatomy of animals, including humans.
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Anaxyrus fowleri
Fowler's toad (Anaxyrus fowleri, formerly Bufo fowleri) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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André Marie Constant Duméril
André Marie Constant Duméril (January 1, 1774 – August 14, 1860) was a French zoologist.
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Animal communication
Animal communication is the transfer of information from one or a group of animals (sender or senders) to one or more other animals (receiver or receivers) that affects the current or future behavior of the receivers.
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Animal testing
Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.
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Animal welfare
Animal welfare is the well-being of animals.
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Annelid
The annelids (Annelida, from Latin anellus, "little ring"), also known as the ringed worms or segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches.
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Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.
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Aorta
The aorta is the main artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries).
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Aposematism
Aposematism (from Greek ἀπό apo away, σῆμα sema sign) is a term coined by Edward Bagnall PoultonPoulton, 1890.
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Aquaculture
Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other organisms.
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Aquatic locomotion
Aquatic locomotion is biologically propelled motion through a liquid medium.
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Archaeobatrachia
The Archaeobatrachia are a suborder of Anura containing various primitive frogs and toads.
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Arctic Circle
The Arctic Circle is the most northerly of the five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of Earth.
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Aristophanes
Aristophanes (Ἀριστοφάνης,; c. 446 – c. 386 BC), son of Philippus, of the deme Kydathenaion (Cydathenaeum), was a comic playwright of ancient Athens.
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Arizona
Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.
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Aromobatidae
The Aromobatidae are a family of frogs native to Central and South America.
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Arthroleptidae
The Arthroleptidae are a family of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Arthropod
An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.
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Atrium (heart)
The atrium is the upper chamber in which blood enters the heart.
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Auricle (anatomy)
The auricle or auricula is the visible part of the ear that resides outside the head.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Australian green tree frog
The Australian green tree frog, simply green tree frog in Australia, White's tree frog, or dumpy tree frog (Litoria caerulea) is a species of tree frog native to Australia and New Guinea, with introduced populations in the United States and New Zealand, though the latter is believed to have died out.
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Batesian mimicry
Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both.
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Batrachotoxin
Batrachotoxin (BTX) is an extremely potent cardiotoxic and neurotoxic steroidal alkaloid found in certain species of frogs (poison dart frog), melyrid beetles, and birds (the pitohui, blue-capped ifrit, and little shrikethrush).
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Batrachylidae
Batrachylidae is a family of frogs from southern South America (Argentina and Chile).
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Binocular vision
In biology, binocular vision is a type of vision in which an animal having two eyes is able to perceive a single three-dimensional image of its surroundings.
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Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.
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Bioindicator
A bioindicator is any species (an indicator species) or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal the qualitative status of the environment.
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Biological life cycle
In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state.
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Biological pest control
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests such as insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases using other organisms.
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Biological specificity
In biology, biological specificity is the tendency of a characteristic such as a behavior or a biochemical variation to occur in a particular species.
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Biological system
A biological system is a complex network of biologically relevant entities.
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Biomass (ecology)
Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time.
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Blowgun
A blowgun (also called a blowpipe or blow tube) is a simple ranged weapon consisting of a long narrow tube for shooting light projectiles such as darts.
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Body plan
A body plan, Bauplan (German plural Baupläne), or ground plan is a set of morphological features common to many members of a phylum of animals.
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Bombinatoridae
The Bombinatoridae are often referred to as fire-bellied toads because of their brightly colored ventral sides, which show they are highly toxic.
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Bone
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.
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Bornean flat-headed frog
The Bornean flat-headed frog (Barbourula kalimantanensis) is a species of frog in the Bombinatoridae family.
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Boundary friction
Boundary friction occurs when a surface is at least partially wet, but not so lubricated that there is no direct friction between two surfaces.
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Brachycephalidae
The Brachycephalidae are a family of small frogs confined to cloud forests in southern Brazil.
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Brevicipitidae
Brevicipitidae or rain frogs is a small family of frogs found in eastern and southern Africa.
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British Library Sound Archive
The British Library Sound Archive (formerly the British Institute of Recorded Sound; also known as the National Sound Archive (NSA)) in London, England is among the largest collections of recorded sound in the world, including music, spoken word and ambient recordings.
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Bromeliaceae
The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot flowering plants of 51 genera and around 3475 known species native mainly to the tropical Americas, with a few species found in the American subtropics and one in tropical west Africa, Pitcairnia feliciana.
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Buccal pumping
Buccal pumping is "breathing with one's cheeks": a method of ventilation used in respiration in which the animal moves the floor of its mouth in a rhythmic manner that is externally apparent.
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Bufotenin
Bufotenin (5-HO-DMT, bufotenine) is a tryptamine related to the neurotransmitter serotonin.
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Bufotoxin
Bufotoxins are a family of toxic steroid lactones.
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Burrow
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion.
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Caecilian
Caecilians (New Latin for "blind ones") are a group of limbless, serpentine amphibians.
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Cajuns
The Cajuns (Louisiana les Cadiens), also known as Acadians (Louisiana les Acadiens) are an ethnic group mainly living in the U.S. state of Louisiana, and in The Maritimes as well as Québec consisting in part of the descendants of the original Acadian exiles—French-speakers from Acadia (L'Acadie) in what are now the Maritimes of Eastern Canada.
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Calyptocephalellidae
The Calyptocephalellidae are a family of toads found in Chile containing two genera, Calyptocephalella and Telmatobufo.
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Cameroon
No description.
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Camouflage
Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see (crypsis), or by disguising them as something else (mimesis).
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Cane toad
The cane toad (Rhinella marina), also known as the giant neotropical toad or marine toad, is a large, terrestrial true toad native to South and mainland Central America, but which has been introduced to various islands throughout Oceania and the Caribbean, as well as Northern Australia.
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Cannibalism
Cannibalism is the act of one individual of a species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food.
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Canopy (biology)
In biology, the canopy is the aboveground portion of a plant community or crop, formed by the collection of individual plant crowns.
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Cantonese cuisine
Cantonese cuisine (廣東菜), also known as Yue cuisine (粵菜) or Guangdong cuisine, refers to the cuisine of China's Guangdong Province, particularly the provincial capital, Guangzhou (Canton).
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Capillary action
Capillary action (sometimes capillarity, capillary motion, capillary effect, or wicking) is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Carboniferous
The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, Mya.
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Carnivore
A carnivore, meaning "meat eater" (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning "meat" or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.
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Catapult
A catapult is a ballistic device used to launch a projectile a great distance without the aid of explosive devices—particularly various types of ancient and medieval siege engines.
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Catfish
Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish.
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Caudata
The Caudata are a group of amphibians containing the salamanders (Urodela) and all extinct species of salamander-like amphibians more closely related to salamanders than to frogs.
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Ceratobatrachidae
The Ceratobatrachidae are a family of frogs found in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, the Philippines, Palau, Fiji, New Guinea, and the Admiralty, Bismarck, and Solomon Islands.
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Ceratophryidae
The Ceratophryidae, known as common horned frogs, are a family of frogs found in South America.
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Cerebellum
The cerebellum (Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.
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Cerebrum
The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb.
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Chicxulub impactor
The Chicxulub impactor, also known as the K/Pg impactor and (more speculatively) as the Chicxulub asteroid, was an asteroid in diameter which struck the Earth at the end of the Cretaceous, approximately 66 million years ago, creating the Chicxulub crater.
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Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
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Chinese edible frog
The Chinese edible frog, East Asian bullfrog, or Taiwanese frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) is a species of frog in the Dicroglossidae family.
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Chytridiomycosis
Chytridiomycosis is an infectious disease in amphibians, caused by the chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, a nonhyphal zoosporic fungus.
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Clade
A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".
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Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.
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Climbing
Climbing is the activity of using one's hands, feet, or any other part of the body to ascend a steep object.
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Cloaca
In animal anatomy, a cloaca (plural cloacae or) is the posterior orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals, opening at the vent.
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Colorado River toad
The Colorado River toad (Incilius alvarius), also known as the Sonoran Desert toad, is found in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States.
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Common descent
Common descent describes how, in evolutionary biology, a group of organisms share a most recent common ancestor.
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Common garter snake
The common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) is a species of natricine snake, which is indigenous to North America and found widely across the continent.
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Common midwife toad
The common midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans) is a species of midwife frog in the family Alytidae (formerly Discoglossidae).
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Common toad
The common toad, European toad, or in Anglophone parts of Europe, simply the toad (Bufo bufo, from Latin bufo "toad"), is an amphibian found throughout most of Europe (with the exception of Ireland, Iceland, and some Mediterranean islands), in the western part of North Asia, and in a small portion of Northwest Africa.
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Common tree frog
Polypedates leucomystax is a species in the shrub frog family Rhacophoridae.
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Conraua
Conraua is a genus of large frogs from sub-Saharan Africa.
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Conservation biology
Conservation biology is the management of nature and of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction and the erosion of biotic interactions.
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Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages.
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Corroboree frog
The corroboree frogs are two species of small, poisonous ground dwelling frogs, native to Southern Tablelands of Australia.
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Couch's spadefoot toad
Couch's spadefoot toad or Couch's spadefoot (Scaphiopus couchii) is a species of North American spadefoot toad (family Scaphiopodidae).
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Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), in contrast to spinal nerves (which emerge from segments of the spinal cord).
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Craugastoridae
The Craugastoridae, or fleshbelly frogs, are a family of New World direct-developing frogs.
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Cream-backed poison frog
The cream-backed poison frog (Hyloxalus subpunctatus) is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae endemic to Colombia.
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Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) extinction, was a sudden mass extinction of some three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth, approximately 66 million years ago.
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Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group of a collection of species consists of the living representatives of the collection together with their ancestors back to their most recent common ancestor as well as all of that ancestor's descendants.
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Cuban tree frog
The Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) is an amphibian native to the Caribbean region of the Western Hemisphere.
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Cycloramphidae
The Cycloramphidae are a family of frogs endemic to southeastern Brazil.
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Cyclorana
Cyclorana is a genus of frogs in the family Hylidae (tree frogs), whose members are found in most of Australia.
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Czatkobatrachus
Czatkobatrachus is an extinct genus of prehistoric salientian amphibians.
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Dart (missile)
Darts are missile weapons, designed to fly such that a sharp, often weighted point will strike first.
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Darwin's frog
Darwin's frog (Rhinoderma darwinii), also called the southern Darwin's frog is a rhinodermatid frog native to the forest streams of Chile and Argentina.
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Decline in amphibian populations
The decline in amphibian populations is an ongoing mass extinction of amphibian species worldwide.
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Denticle (tooth feature)
Denticles, also called serrations, are small bumps on a tooth that serve to give the tooth a serrated edge.
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Departments of France
In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government below the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the commune.
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Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain.
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Dermolepida albohirtum
Dermolepida albohirtum, the cane beetle, is a native Australian beetle and a pest of sugarcane.
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Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.
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Diatom
Diatoms (diá-tom-os "cut in half", from diá, "through" or "apart"; and the root of tém-n-ō, "I cut".) are a major group of microorganisms found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
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Dicroglossidae
The Dicroglossidae family of frogs occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa, with most genera and species being found in Asia.
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Digit (anatomy)
A digit is one of several most distal parts of a limb, such as fingers or toes, present in many vertebrates.
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Dissection
Dissection (from Latin dissecare "to cut to pieces"; also called anatomization) is the dismembering of the body of a deceased animal or plant to study its anatomical structure.
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Dissorophoidea
Dissorophoideans are a clade of medium-sized, temnospondyl amphibians that appeared during the Moscovian in Euramerica, and continued through to the Late Permian and even possibly the Early Triassic of Gondwana (if Micropholis belongs here).
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Dolly (sheep)
Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer.
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Dombes
The Dombes (Arpitan: Domba) is an area in southeastern France, once an independent municipality, formerly part of the province of Burgundy, and now a district comprised in the department of Ain, and bounded on the west by the Saône River, by the Rhône, on the east by the Ain and on the north by the district of Bresse.
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Dominica
Dominica (Island Carib), officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island republic in the West Indies.
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Dormancy
Dormancy is a period in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity are temporarily stopped.
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Dragonfly
A dragonfly is an insect belonging to the order Odonata, infraorder Anisoptera (from Greek ἄνισος anisos, "uneven" and πτερόν pteron, "wing", because the hindwing is broader than the forewing).
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Dyscophus antongilii
The Madagascar tomato frog or crapaud rouge de Madagascar (Dyscophus antongilii) is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae.
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Dytiscidae
The Dytiscidae – based on the Greek dytikos (δυτικός), "able to dive" – are the predaceous diving beetles, a family of water beetles.
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Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic period.
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Early Triassic
The Early Triassic is the first of three epochs of the Triassic Period of the geologic timescale.
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Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil.
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Ectotherm
An ectotherm (from the Greek ἐκτός (ektós) "outside" and θερμός (thermós) "hot"), is an organism in which internal physiological sources of heat are of relatively small or quite negligible importance in controlling body temperature.
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Edible frog
The edible frog (Pelophylax kl. esculentus) is a name for a common European frog, also known as the common water frog or green frog (however, this latter term is also used for the North American species Rana clamitans).
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Efferent ducts
The efferent ducts (or efferent ductules or ductuli efferentes or ductus efferentes or vasa efferentia) connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis.
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Egg
An egg is the organic vessel containing the zygote in which an animal embryo develops until it can survive on its own; at which point the animal hatches.
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Electrical tuning
Electrical tuning is a mechanism by which vertebrates such as frogs and reptiles, which lack a long cochlea, discriminate sound.
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Electricity
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of electric charge.
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Eleutherodactylidae
The Eleutherodactylidae are a family of direct-developing frogs native to northern South America, the Caribbean, and southernmost North America.
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Eleutherodactylus
Eleutherodactylus is a genus of frogs in the family Eleutherodactylidae.
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Embryology
Embryology (from Greek ἔμβρυον, embryon, "the unborn, embryo"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Epibatidine
Epibatidine is a putative alkaloid that is secreted by the Ecuadoran frog Epipedobates anthonyi.
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Epidermis
The epidermis is the outer layer of the three layers that make up the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis.
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Epileptic seizure
An epileptic seizure is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
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Ethology
Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait.
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Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis is a common dicroglossid frog found in South Asia. It is known under numerous common names, including Indian skipper frog or skittering frog. They are often seen at the edge of bodies of water with their eyes above the water. They noisily move away from the shore when disturbed, giving them their common name. They are rarely seen outside water.
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Euphlyctis hexadactylus
Euphlyctis hexadactylus, also known as the green pond frog, Indian green frog, and Indian five-fingered frog, is a common species of aquatic frog found in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.
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European fire-bellied toad
The European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) is a fire-bellied toad native to mainland Europe.
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European spadefoot toad
The European spadefoot toads are a family of frogs, the Pelobatidae, with only one extant genus Pelobates, containing four species.
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Eve
Eve (Ḥawwā’; Syriac: ܚܘܐ) is a figure in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible.
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Evolution of biparental care in tropical frogs
The Evolution of biparental care in tropical frogs is the evolution of the behaviour of a parental care system in frogs in which both the mother and father raise their offspring.
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Exostosis
An exostosis (plural: exostoses) or bone spur, is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone.
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External fertilization
External fertilization is a male organism’s sperm fertilizing a female organism’s egg outside of the female’s body.
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Extinction
In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.
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Eye
Eyes are organs of the visual system.
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Fairy tale
A fairy tale, wonder tale, magic tale, or Märchen is folklore genre that takes the form of a short story that typically features entities such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments.
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Familiar spirit
In European folklore and folk-belief of the Medieval and Early Modern periods, familiar spirits (sometimes referred to simply as "familiars" or "animal guides") were believed to be supernatural entities that would assist witches and cunning folk in their practice of magic.
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Family (biology)
In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.
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Fibula
The fibula or calf bone is a leg bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below.
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Fire-bellied toad
The fire-bellied toads or fire belly toads are a group of eight species of small toads (most species typically no longer than) belonging to the genus Bombina.
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Fish
Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.
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Flatworm
The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning "flat" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning "worm") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates.
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Flying frog
A flying frog (also called a gliding frog) is a frog that has the ability to achieve gliding flight.
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Folivore
In zoology, a folivore is a herbivore that specializes in eating leaves.
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Folklore
Folklore is the expressive body of culture shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group.
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Food web
A food web (or food cycle) is a natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community.
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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Fossorial
Cape ground squirrel. A fossorial (from Latin fossor, "digger") is an animal adapted to digging and lives primarily, but not solely, underground.
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Frog legs
Frog legs are one of the better-known delicacies of French and Chinese cuisine.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Gastric acid
Gastric acid, gastric juice or stomach acid, is a digestive fluid formed in the stomach and is composed of hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl).
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Gastric-brooding frog
The gastric-brooding frogs or platypus frogs (Rheobatrachus) were a genus of ground-dwelling frogs native to Queensland in eastern Australia.
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Gastrophryne olivacea
Gastrophryne olivacea, the Great Plains narrow-mouthed toad or western narrow-mouthed toad, is a species of microhylid frog found throughout much of the south-central United States from Nebraska south through Texas, and into northern Mexico.
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Gastropoda
The gastropods, more commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca, called Gastropoda.
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Gastrotheca guentheri
Gastrotheca guentheri (common name: Guenther's marsupial frog, dentate marsupial frog) is a species of frog in the family Hemiphractidae.
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Genetic divergence
Genetic divergence is the process in which two or more populations of an ancestral species accumulate independent genetic changes (mutations) through time, often after the populations have become reproductively isolated for some period of time.
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Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
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Gerobatrachus
Gerobatrachus is an extinct genus of amphibamid temnospondyl (represented by the type species Gerobatrachus hottoni) that lived in the Early Permian, approximately 290 million years ago (Ma), in the area that is now Baylor County, Texas.
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Ghost frog
The Heleophrynidae are a family of order Anura, commonly known as ghost frogs.
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Gill
A gill is a respiratory organ found in many aquatic organisms that extracts dissolved oxygen from water and excretes carbon dioxide.
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Gland
A gland is a group of cells in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as hormones) for release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland).
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Glass frog
The glass frogs are frogs of the amphibian family Centrolenidae (order Anura).
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Golden coquí
The golden coquí (Eleutherodactylus jasperi; Spanish: coquí dorado) is a rare and possibly extinct frog species endemic to Puerto Rico.
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Golden poison frog
The golden poison frog (Phyllobates terribilis), also known as the golden frog, golden poison arrow frog, or golden dart frog, is a poison dart frog endemic to the Pacific coast of Colombia.
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Golden toad
The golden toad (Incilius periglenes, formerly Bufo periglenes) was a small true toad that was once abundant in a small, high-altitude region about in an area north of the city of Monteverde, Costa Rica.
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Goliath frog
The goliath frog otherwise known as goliath bullfrog or giant slippery frog (Conraua goliath) is the largest living frog on Earth.
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Granular poison frog
The granular poison frog (Oophaga granulifera) is a species of frog in the family Dendrobatidae, found in Costa Rica and Panama.
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Grasshopper
Grasshoppers are insects of the suborder Caelifera within the order Orthoptera, which includes crickets and their allies in the other suborder Ensifera.
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Gray tree frog
The gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) is a species of small arboreal frog native to much of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada.
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Great Plains toad
The Great Plains toad, Anaxyrus cognatus, is a relatively large species of true toad native to central North America.
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Grey foam-nest tree frog
The grey foam-nest tree frog or southern foam-nest tree frog (Chiromantis xerampelina) is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae.
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Guna people
The Guna, known as Kuna prior to an orthographic reform in 2010, and historically as Cuna, are an indigenous people of Panama and Colombia.
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Hairy frog
The hairy frog (Trichobatrachus robustus), is also known as the horror frog or Wolverine frog.
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Hallucinogen
A hallucinogen is a psychoactive agent which can cause hallucinations, perceptual anomalies, and other substantial subjective changes in thoughts, emotion, and consciousness.
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Hawk
Hawks are a group of medium-sized diurnal birds of prey of the family Accipitridae.
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Heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
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Heleioporus
Heleioporus is a genus of frogs native to Australia.
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Hemiphractidae
The Hemiphractidae are a family of frogs from South and Central America.
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Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.
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Heron
The herons are the long-legged freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 64 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons.
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Hibernaculum (zoology)
A hibernaculum plural form: hibernacula (Latin, "tent for winter quarters") is a place in which a creature seeks refuge, such as a bear using a cave to overwinter.
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Hibernation
Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in endotherms.
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HighBeam Research
HighBeam Research is a paid search engine and full text online archive owned by Gale, a subsidiary Cengage, for thousands of newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines, and encyclopedias in English.
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HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch.
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Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.
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Huaca
In the Quechuan languages of South America, a huaca or wak'a is an object that represents something revered, typically a monument of some kind.
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Human chorionic gonadotropin
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation.
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Human musculoskeletal system
The human musculoskeletal system (also known as the locomotor system, and previously the activity system) is an organ system that gives humans the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems.
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Hybrid (biology)
In biology, a hybrid, or crossbreed, is the result of combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction.
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Hybrid zone
A hybrid zone exists where the ranges of two interbreeding species or diverged intraspecific lineages meet and cross-fertilize.
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Hylidae
The Hylidae are a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as "tree frogs and their allies".
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Hylodidae
The Hylodidae are a small family of frogs.
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Hyloidea
Hyloidea is a superfamily of frogs.
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Hyoid bone
The hyoid bone (lingual bone or tongue-bone) is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage.
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Hyperoliidae
The Hyperoliidae, sedge and bush frogs, are a large family of small to medium-sized, brightly colored frogs which contains more than 250 species in 19 genera.
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Ilium (bone)
The ilium (plural ilia) is the uppermost and largest part of the hip bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish.
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Indigenous (ecology)
In biogeography, a species is defined as indigenous to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only natural process, with no human intervention.
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Indirana
Indirana is a genus of frogs, the sole member of the family Ranixalidae.
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Indonesian cuisine
Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.
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Internal fertilization
Internal fertilization is the union of an egg cell with a sperm during sexual reproduction inside the body of a parent.
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Invasive species
An invasive species is a species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species), and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.
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Iris (anatomy)
In humans and most mammals and birds, the iris (plural: irides or irises) is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.
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John Milton
John Milton (9 December 16088 November 1674) was an English poet, polemicist, man of letters, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under its Council of State and later under Oliver Cromwell.
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Jumping
Jumping or leaping is a form of locomotion or movement in which an organism or non-living (e.g., robotic) mechanical system propels itself through the air along a ballistic trajectory.
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Jurassic
The Jurassic (from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya.
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Kassina maculata
Kassina maculata is a frog species of the family Hyperoliidae.
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Kayenta Formation
Kayenta, Arizona is a settlement in the Navajo reservation. The Kayenta Formation is a geologic layer in the Glen Canyon Group that is spread across the Colorado Plateau province of the United States, including northern Arizona, northwest Colorado, Nevada, and Utah.
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Keratin
Keratin is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins.
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Kermit the Frog
Kermit the Frog is a Muppet character and Jim Henson's most well-known creation.
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Kidney
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.
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Kingfisher
Kingfishers or Alcedinidae are a family of small to medium-sized, brightly colored birds in the order Coraciiformes.
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Lancelot Hogben
Lancelot Thomas Hogben FRS FRSE (9 December 1895 – 22 August 1975) was a British experimental zoologist and medical statistician.
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Larco Museum
The Museo Larco (English: Larco Museum) or Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera is a privately owned museum of pre-Columbian art, located in the Pueblo Libre District of Lima, Peru.
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Larva
A larva (plural: larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults.
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Larynx
The larynx, commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck of tetrapods involved in breathing, producing sound, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.
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Lateral line
The lateral line is a system of sense organs found in aquatic vertebrates, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water.
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Lectin
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins, macromolecules that are highly specific for sugar moieties of other molecules.
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Leiopelmatidae
The Leiopelmatidae are the family of New Zealand primitive frogs, belonging to the suborder Archaeobatrachia.
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Lens (anatomy)
The lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.
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Lepospondyli
Lepospondyli is a diverse taxon of reptiliomorph tetrapods.
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Leptodactylidae
The southern frogs form the Leptodactylidae, a diverse family of frogs that probably diverged from other hyloids during the Cretaceous.
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Leptodactylus fallax
Leptodactylus fallax, commonly (and deceptively) known as the mountain chicken or giant ditch frog, is a species of frogs that is native to the Caribbean islands of Dominica and Montserrat.
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Leptodactylus mystaceus
Leptodactylus mystaceus is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.
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Limnonectes larvaepartus
Limnonectes larvaepartus is a species of fanged frogs in the family Dicroglossidae endemic to northern and western Sulawesi, Indonesia.
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Lissamphibia
The Lissamphibia are a group of tetrapods that includes all modern amphibians.
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List of Anuran families
This list of Anuran families shows all extant families of Anura.
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Lithodytes lineatus
Lithodytes lineatus (sapito listado) is a species of frog in the Leptodactylidae family.
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Lizard
Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.
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Locust
Locusts are certain species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae that have a swarming phase.
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Loose connective tissue
Loose connective tissue is a category of connective tissue which includes areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue.
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Lottery
A lottery is a form of gambling that involves the drawing of numbers for a prize.
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Louisiana
Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Luigi Galvani
Luigi Aloisio Galvani (Aloysius Galvanus; 9 September 1737 – 4 December 1798) was an Italian physician, physicist, biologist and philosopher, who discovered animal electricity.
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Lymph
Lymph is the fluid that circulates throughout the lymphatic system.
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Madagascar
Madagascar (Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Repoblikan'i Madagasikara; République de Madagascar), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Mandible
The mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face.
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Manitoba
Manitoba is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada.
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Mantellidae
The Mantellidae are a family of the order Anura.
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Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer.
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Marsh frog
The marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) is the largest frog native to Europe and belongs to the family of true frogs.
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Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata (or medulla) is located in the brainstem, anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum.
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Megophryidae
The Megophryidae (commonly known as the litter frogs) are a large family of frogs native to the warm southeast of Asia, from the Himalayan foothills eastwards, south to Indonesia and the Greater Sunda Islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, and extending to the Philippines.
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Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.
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Mesobatrachia
The Mesobatrachia are the second-largest of the Anura suborders of amphibians.
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Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era is an interval of geological time from about.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation.
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Metatarsal bones
The metatarsal bones, or metatarsus are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes.
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Michigan J. Frog
Michigan J. Frog is an animated cartoon character who debuted in the Merrie Melodies cartoon One Froggy Evening (December 31, 1955), written by Michael Maltese and directed by Chuck Jones.
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Micrixalus
Micrixalus (commonly known as dancing frogs, tropical frogs, and torrent frogs) is a genus of frogs from that are endemic to the Western Ghats in India.
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Microhylidae
The Microhylidae, commonly known as narrow-mouthed frogs, are a geographically widespread family of frogs.
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Mink
Mink are dark-colored, semiaquatic, carnivorous mammals of the genera Neovison and Mustela, and part of the family Mustelidae which also includes weasels, otters and ferrets.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Moche culture
The Moche civilization (alternatively, the Mochica culture or the Early, Pre- or Proto-Chimú) flourished in northern Peru with its capital near present-day Moche, Trujillo, Peru from about 100 to 700 AD during the Regional Development Epoch.
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Model organism
A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.
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Mola (art form)
The mola, or molas, is a handmade stuff that forms part of the traditional women's clothing of the Guna people.
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Molecular clock
The molecular clock is a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged.
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Molecular phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominately in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships.
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Monophyly
In cladistics, a monophyletic group, or clade, is a group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.
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Monsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea.
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Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve
The Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve (Reserva Biológica Bosque Nuboso Monteverde) is a Costa Rican reserve located along the Cordillera de Tilarán within the Puntarenas and Alajuela provinces.
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Morphine
Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate variety which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.
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Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
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Mountain yellow-legged frog
The mountain yellow-legged frog or southern mountain yellow-legged frogHammerson, G. (2008).
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Mouth
In animal anatomy, the mouth, also known as the oral cavity, buccal cavity, or in Latin cavum oris, is the opening through which many animals take in food and issue vocal sounds.
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Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
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Myobatrachidae
The Myobatrachidae (commonly known as the Australian ground frogs) are a family of frogs found in Australia and New Guinea.
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Nannophrys ceylonensis
Nannophrys ceylonensis, commonly known as the Sri Lanka rock frog or the Ceylon streamlined frog, is a species of frog.
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Nasikabatrachus
Nasikabatrachus is a genus of frogs.
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Nectophrynoides
Nectophrynoides is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae.
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Neobatrachia
The Neobatrachia are a suborder of the Anura, the order of frogs and toads.
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Neobatrachus
Neobatrachus is a genus of burrowing ground frogs native to Australia.
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Nervous system
The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
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Neurotoxin
Neurotoxins are toxins that are poisonous or destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity).
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New Mexico spadefoot toad
The New Mexico spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata) is a species of American spadefoot toad found in the southwestern United States and Mexico.
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New Orleans
New Orleans (. Merriam-Webster.; La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana.
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Newt
A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae, also called eft during its terrestrial juvenile phase.
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Nictitating membrane
The nictitating membrane (from Latin nictare, to blink) is a transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye from the medial canthus for protection and to moisten it while maintaining vision.
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Nimbaphrynoides
Nimbaphrynoides is a monotypic genus of true toads from highlands in the Mount Nimba region of the West African countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Côte d'Ivoire.
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Nocturnality
Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day.
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Northern cricket frog
The northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans) is a species of small hylid frog native to the United States and northeastern Mexico.
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Northern leopard frog
The northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiensIntegrated Taxonomic Information System 2012. Available from: www.itis.gov/ or Rana pipiens) is a species of leopard frog from the true frog family, native to parts of Canada and the United States.
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Northern red-legged frog
The northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora) is a species of amphibian, whose range is the coastal region stretching from southwest British Columbia to southern Mendocino County in Northern California, and is protected in Oregon and California.
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Northern short-tailed shrew
The northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda) is the largest shrew in the genus Blarina, and occurs in the northeastern region of North America.
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Notobatrachus
Notobatrachus is an extinct genus of frog from the middle Jurassic Cañadon Asfalto Formation of northern Patagonia, Argentina.
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Notochord
In anatomy, the notochord is a flexible rod made out of a material similar to cartilage.
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Nyctibatrachidae
Nyctibatrachidae is a small family of frogs found in the Western Ghats of India and in Sri Lanka.
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Odontophrynidae
The Odontophrynidae are a family of frogs from southern and eastern South America.
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Old English
Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
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Omnivore
Omnivore is a consumption classification for animals that have the capability to obtain chemical energy and nutrients from materials originating from plant and animal origin.
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One Froggy Evening
One Froggy Evening is a 1955 American Technicolor animated musical short film written by Michael Maltese and directed by Chuck Jones, with musical direction by Milt Franklyn.
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Onomatopoeia
An onomatopoeia (from the Greek ὀνοματοποιία; ὄνομα for "name" and ποιέω for "I make", adjectival form: "onomatopoeic" or "onomatopoetic") is a word that phonetically imitates, resembles or suggests the sound that it describes.
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Order (biology)
In biological classification, the order (ordo) is.
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Osmosis
Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
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Osteoderm
Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates or other structures based in the dermis.
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Ovoviviparity
Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, or ovivipary, is a mode of reproduction in animals in which embryos that develop inside eggs remain in the mother's body until they are ready to hatch.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Pacific tree frog
The Pacific tree frog (Pseudacris regilla), also known as the Pacific chorus frog, has a range from the West Coast of the United States (from Northern California, Oregon, and Washington) to British Columbia in Canada and extreme southern Alaska.
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Paedophryne amauensis
The Paedophryne amauensis is a species of frogs from Papua New Guinea.
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Paleozoic
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era (from the Greek palaios (παλαιός), "old" and zoe (ζωή), "life", meaning "ancient life") is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.
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Panama
Panama (Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.
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Panama City
Panama City (Ciudad de Panamá) is the capital and largest city of Panama.
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Panamanian golden frog
The Panamanian golden frog (Atelopus zeteki) is a species of toad endemic to Panama.
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Pangaea
Pangaea or Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.
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Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (PNG;,; Papua Niugini; Hiri Motu: Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia.
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Paradise Lost
Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton (1608–1674).
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Parietal bone
The parietal bones are two bones in the human skull which, when joined together at a fibrous joint, form the sides and roof of the cranium.
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Parotoid gland
The parotoid gland (alternatively, paratoid gland) is an external skin gland on the back, neck, and shoulder of toads and some frogs and salamanders.
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Parsley frog
The parsley frogs or Pelodytidae are a family of order Anura.
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Pedicellate teeth
Pedicellate teeth are a tooth morphology today unique to modern amphibians, but also seen in a variety of extinct labyrinthodonts.
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Pelobatoidea
The Pelobatoidea are a superfamily of frogs.
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Pelvis
The pelvis (plural pelves or pelvises) is either the lower part of the trunk of the human body between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region of the trunk) or the skeleton embedded in it (sometimes also called bony pelvis, or pelvic skeleton).
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Permian
The Permian is a geologic period and system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic period 251.902 Mya.
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Peru
Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.
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Petropedetidae
The Petropedetidae are a family of frogs containing three genera and 12 species.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).
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Phrynobatrachus
Phrynobatrachus is a genus of Sub-Saharan frogs that form the monogeneric family Phrynobatrachidae.
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Phyllobates
Phyllobates is a genus of poison dart frogs native to Central and South America, from Nicaragua to Colombia.
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Phyllobates aurotaenia
Phyllobates aurotaenia is a member of the frog family Dendrobatidae, which are found in the tropical environments of Central and South America.
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Phyllobates bicolor
Phyllobates bicolor, also known as the black-legged poison frog, bicolored dart frog or neari in Choco, is the second-most toxic of the wild poison dart frogs.
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Phyllomedusa ayeaye
Phyllomedusa ayeaye is a species of frog in the Hylidae family.
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Phyllomedusinae
The Phyllomedusinae are a subfamily of Hylidae, the tree frogs.
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Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.
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Phytotelma
Phytotelma (plural phytotelmata) is a small water-filled cavity in a terrestrial plant.
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Pig frog
The pig frog (Lithobates grylio) is a species of aquatic frog found in the Southeastern United States, from South Carolina to Texas.
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Pipidae
The Pipidae are a family of primitive, tongueless frogs.
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Pipoidea
Pipoidea are a clade of frogs that have variously been defined as a suborder, superfamily, or an unranked node-based taxon.
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Plains spadefoot toad
The plains spadefoot toad (Spea bombifrons) is a species of American spadefoot toad which ranges from southwestern Canada, throughout the Great Plains of the western United States, and into northern Mexico.
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Planktivore
A planktivore is an aquatic organism that feeds on planktonic food, including zooplankton and phytoplankton.
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Planorbidae
Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks.
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Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
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Poison dart frog
Poison dart frog (also known as dart-poison frog, poison frog or formerly known as poison arrow frog) is the common name of a group of frogs in the family Dendrobatidae which are native to tropical Central and South America.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Pool frog
The pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae) is a European frog.
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Pouched frog
The pouched frog (Assa darlingtoni) is a small, terrestrial frog found in rainforests in mountain areas of south-eastern Queensland and northern New South Wales, Australia.
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Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where a predator (a hunting animal) kills and eats its prey (the organism that is attacked).
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Prosalirus
Prosalirus bitis is the name given to a fossilized prehistoric frog found in Arizona in 1981 by Farish Jenkins.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the linguistic reconstruction of the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, the most widely spoken language family in the world.
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Psychoactive drug
A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, or psychotropic is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, or behavior.
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Ptychadenidae
Ptychadenidae is a family of frogs.
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Pulmonary artery
A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.
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Pupa
A pupa (pūpa, "doll"; plural: pūpae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages.
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Purple frog
Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis is a frog species belonging to the family Sooglossidae.
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Pyxicephalidae
The Pyxicephalidae are a family of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Pyxicephalus
Pyxicephalus (πυξίς, pyxis.
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Raccoon
The raccoon (or, Procyon lotor), sometimes spelled racoon, also known as the common raccoon, North American raccoon, or northern raccoon, is a medium-sized mammal native to North America.
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Radius (bone)
The radius or radial bone is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna.
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Ranavirus
Ranavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Iridoviridae.
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Ranoidea
The Ranoidea are a superfamily of frogs in the order Anura.
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Recreational drug use
Recreational drug use is the use of a psychoactive drug to induce an altered state of consciousness for pleasure, by modifying the perceptions, feelings, and emotions of the user.
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Resonance chamber
A resonance chamber uses resonance to enhance the transfer of energy from a sound source (e.g. a vibrating string) to the air.
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Respiration (physiology)
In physiology, respiration is defined as the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.
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Rhacophoridae
The Rhacophoridae are a family of frog species, which occur in tropical sub-Saharan Africa, South India and Sri Lanka, Japan; northeastern India to eastern China south through the Philippines and Greater Sundas, and Sulawesi.
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Rhinodermatidae
The Rhinodermatidae, commonly known as Darwin's frogs, are a family of small frogs found on the southwest coast of South America.
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Rhinophrynidae
The Rhinophrynidae are a family of frogs containing one extant genus, the monotypic Rhinophrynus, and a number of fossil genera.
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Rib
In vertebrate anatomy, ribs (costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage.
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Ribeiroia ondatrae
Ribeiroia ondatrae is a parasite in the genus Ribeiroia which is believed to be responsible for many of the recent increases in amphibian limb malformations, particularly missing, malformed, and additional hind legs.
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Ribosomal DNA
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a DNA sequence that codes for ribosomal RNA.
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Robert Briggs (scientist)
Robert Briggs (December 10, 1911 — March 4, 1983) was a scientist who, in 1952, together with Thomas Joseph King, cloned a frog by nuclear transfer of embryonic cells.
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Running
Running is a method of terrestrial locomotion allowing humans and other animals to move rapidly on foot.
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Sacrum
The sacrum (or; plural: sacra or sacrums) in human anatomy is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine, that forms by the fusing of sacral vertebrae S1S5 between 18 and 30years of age.
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Salamander
Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by a lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults.
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Salientia
The Salientia (Latin salere (salio), "to jump") are a total group of amphibians that includes the order Anura, the frogs and toads, and various extinct proto-frogs that are more closely related to the frogs than they are to the Urodela, the salamanders and newts.
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Sarcopterygii
The Sarcopterygii or lobe-finned fish (from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh, and πτερυξ pteryx, fin) – sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii ("fringe-finned fish", from Greek κροσσός krossos, fringe) – constitute a clade (traditionally a class or subclass) of the bony fish, though a strict cladistic view includes the terrestrial vertebrates.
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Satan
Satan is an entity in the Abrahamic religions that seduces humans into sin.
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Scaphiophryne marmorata
Scaphiophryne marmorata is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae.
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Scaphiopus
Scaphiopus is a genus of North American amphibian commonly referred to as the North American spadefoots, southern spadefoots, or eastern spadefoot toads.
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Seasonal breeder
Seasonal breeders are animal species that successfully mate only during certain times of the year.
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Secondary sex characteristic
Secondary sex characteristics are features that appear during puberty in humans, and at sexual maturity in other animals.
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Semen
Semen, also known as seminal fluid, is an organic fluid that may contain spermatozoa.
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Semipermeable membrane
A semipermeable membrane is a type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion—or occasionally by more specialized processes of facilitated diffusion, passive transport or active transport.
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Sesame Street
Sesame Street is an American educational children's television series that combines live action, sketch comedy, animation and puppetry.
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Shoulder girdle
The shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle is the set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side.
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Shovelnose frog
The shovelnose frogs are the species of frogs in the genus, Hemisus, the only genus in the family Hemisotidae.
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Sichuan
Sichuan, formerly romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan, is a province in southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north, and the Yungui Plateau to the south.
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Skeletochronology
Skeletochronology is used to determine the chronological age of a species of animal by counting the concentric growth rings found in a cross section of bone.
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Skin
Skin is the soft outer tissue covering vertebrates.
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Skin fold
Skin folds or skinfolds are areas of skin where it folds.
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Skunk
Skunks are North and South American mammals in the family Mephitidae.
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Slug
Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc.
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Smoky jungle frog
The smoky jungle frog (Leptodactylus pentadactylus) is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae.
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Snake
Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.
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Somatic cell nuclear transfer
In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell.
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Sooglossidae
The Seychelles frogs (Sooglossidae) are a family of frogs found on the Seychelles Islands and India.
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Southern toad
The southern toad (Bufo terrestris or Anaxyrus terrestris) is a true toad native to the southeastern United States, from eastern Louisiana and southeastern Virginia south to Florida.
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Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.
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Species description
A species description is a formal description of a newly discovered species, usually in the form of a scientific paper.
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Species diversity
Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented in a given community (a dataset).
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Species richness
Species richness is the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region.
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Spinal nerve
A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.
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Spiracle
Spiracles are openings on the surface of some animals, which usually lead to respiratory systems.
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Stannius ligature
Stannius Ligature is an experimental procedure to illustrate impulse conduction in frog heart.
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Strawberry poison-dart frog
The strawberry poison frog or strawberry poison-dart frog (Oophaga pumilio, formerly Dendrobates pumilio) is a species of small poison dart frog found in Central America.
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Stressor
A stressor is a chemical or biological agent, environmental condition, external stimulus or an event that causes stress to an organism.
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Striped burrowing frog
The striped burrowing frog (Cyclorana alboguttata) is a species of burrowing frog in the family Hylidae.
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Striped rocket frog
The striped rocket frog (Litoria nasuta) or in its native range known as the rocket frog, occurs mostly in coastal areas from northern Western Australia to around Gosford in New South Wales at its southernmost point, with a disjunct population occurring further south at the Sydney suburb of Avalon.
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Subarctic
The subarctic is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic and covering much of Alaska, Canada, Iceland, the north of Scandinavia, Siberia, and the Shetland Islands.
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Substrate (biology)
In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives.
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Sugarcane
Sugarcane, or sugar cane, are several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South and Southeast Asia, Polynesia and Melanesia, and used for sugar production.
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Surface tension
Surface tension is the elastic tendency of a fluid surface which makes it acquire the least surface area possible.
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Swikee
Swikee or Swike is a Chinese Indonesian frog leg dish.
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Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
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Tadpole
A tadpole (also called a pollywog) is the larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian, particularly that of a frog or toad.
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Tail
The tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso.
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Tailed frog
The tailed frogs are two species of frogs in the genus Ascaphus, the only taxon in the family Ascaphidae.
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Talisman
A talisman is an object that someone believes holds magical properties that bring good luck to the possessor or protect the possessor from evil or harm.
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Talus bone
The talus (Latin for ankle), talus bone, astragalus, or ankle bone is one of the group of foot bones known as the tarsus.
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Tanzania
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a sovereign state in eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region.
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Tarsus (skeleton)
The tarsus is a cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of tibia and fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus.
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Taxonomy (biology)
Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
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Túngara frog
The túngara frog (Engystomops pustulosus; formerly known as Physalaemus pustulosus) is a species of frog in the family Leptodactylidae.
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Telmatobius
Telmatobius is a genus of frogs native to the Andean highlands in South America, where they are found in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Argentina and northern Chile.
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Telmatobius culeus
Telmatobius culeus, commonly known as the Titicaca water frog, is a very large and critically endangered species of frog in the family Telmatobiidae.
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Temnospondyli
Temnospondyli (from Greek τέμνειν (temnein, "to cut") and σπόνδυλος (spondylos, "vertebra")) is a diverse subclass of extinct small to giant tetrapods—often considered primitive amphibians—that flourished worldwide during the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic periods.
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Termite
Termites are eusocial insects that are classified at the taxonomic rank of infraorder Isoptera, or as epifamily Termitoidae within the cockroach order Blattodea.
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Testicle
The testicle or testis is the male reproductive gland in all animals, including humans.
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Texas
Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.
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The Frog Prince
"The Frog Prince; or, Iron Henry" (Der Froschkönig oder der eiserne Heinrich, literally "The Frog King; or, The Iron Heinrich") is a fairy tale, best known through the Brothers Grimm's written version; traditionally it is the first story in their collection.
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The Muppet Show
The Muppet Show is a family-oriented comedy-variety television series that was produced by puppeteer Jim Henson and features The Muppets.
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Thomas Joseph King
Thomas J. King (June 4, 1921 – October 25, 2000) was an American biologist.
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Thoracic diaphragm
For other uses, see Diaphragm (disambiguation). The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (partition), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity.
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Threatened species
Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants, fungi, etc.) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future.
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Thyroid hormones
Thyroid hormones are two hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
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Tibia
The tibia (plural tibiae or tibias), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia), and it connects the knee with the ankle bones.
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Toad
Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.
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Tongue
The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication, and is used in the act of swallowing.
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Torpor
Torpor is a state of decreased physiological activity in an animal, usually by a reduced body temperature and metabolic rate.
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Transitional fossil
A transitional fossil is any fossilized remains of a life form that exhibits traits common to both an ancestral group and its derived descendant group.
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Tree frog
A tree frog is any species of frog that spends a major portion of its lifespan in trees, known as an arboreal state.
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Trematoda
Trematoda is a class within the phylum Platyhelminthes.
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Triadobatrachus
Triadobatrachus ('triple-frog') is an extinct genus of salientian frog-like amphibians, including only one known species, Triadobatrachus massinoti.
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Triassic
The Triassic is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.9 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period Mya.
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Tropical rainforest
Tropical rainforests are rainforests that occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm – and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.
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Tropics
The tropics are a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator.
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True frog
The true frogs, family Ranidae, have the widest distribution of any frog family.
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True toad
A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads).
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Tubercle
In anatomy, a tubercle is any round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal organs of a plant or an animal.
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Tukeit Hill frog
The Tukeit Hill frog (Allophryne ruthveni) is one of the two described species in the genus Allophryne (the other one being Allophryne resplendens) which in turn is the only member of the subfamily Allophryninae, a clade recently placed under the family Centrolenidae (elevated by some authors to the rank of a separate family Allophrynidae).
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Tympanum (anatomy)
The tympanum is an external hearing structure in animals such as mammals, birds, some reptiles, some amphibians and some insects.
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Ulna
The ulna is a long bone found in the forearm that stretches from the elbow to the smallest finger, and when in anatomical position, is found on the medial side of the forearm.
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Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
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University of Queensland
The University of Queensland (UQ) is a public research university primarily located in Queensland's capital city, Brisbane, Australia.
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Urban legend
An urban legend, urban myth, urban tale, or contemporary legend is a form of modern folklore.
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Urea
Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.
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Ureter
In human anatomy, the ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
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Uric acid
Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3.
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Urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ in humans and some other animals that collects and stores urine from the kidneys before disposal by urination.
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Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles.
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Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers in the heart that collect and expel blood received from an atrium towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs.
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Vertebra
In the vertebrate spinal column, each vertebra is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate.
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Vertebral column
The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton.
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Vertebrate
Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).
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Vieraella
Vieraella is an extinct genus of frog from the Jurassic period of Argentina, and the oldest true frog known.
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Viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.
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Viviparity
Among animals, viviparity is development of the embryo inside the body of the parent, eventually leading to live birth, as opposed to reproduction by laying eggs that complete their incubation outside the parental body.
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Vocal sac
The vocal sac is the flexible membrane of skin possessed by most male frogs.
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Vomer
The vomer is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull.
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Walking
Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of locomotion among legged animals.
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Wallace's flying frog
Wallace's flying frog or the Abah River flying frog (Rhacophorus nigropalmatus) is a moss frog found at least from the Malay Peninsula into western Indonesia, and is present in Borneo and Sumatra.
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Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
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Western clawed frog
The western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) is a species of frog in the family Pipidae, also known as tropical clawed frog.
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Western spotted frog
The western spotted frog (Heleioporus albopunctatus) is a species of frog in the Myobatrachidae family.
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Witchcraft
Witchcraft or witchery broadly means the practice of and belief in magical skills and abilities exercised by solitary practitioners and groups.
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Wood frog
The wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus or Rana sylvatica) has a broad distribution over North America, extending from the Boreal forest of Canada and Alaska to the southern Appalachians, with several notable disjunct populations including lowland eastern North Carolina.
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Woodhouse's toad
Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii) is a medium-sized true toad native to the United States and Mexico.
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World Association of Zoos and Aquariums
The World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) is the "umbrella" organisation for the world zoo and aquarium community.
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Xenohyla truncata
Xenohyla truncata is a species of frog in the family Hylidae endemic to Brazil.
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Yellow-bellied toad
The yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata) belongs to the order Anura, the archaeobatrachial family Bombinatoridae, and the genus of fire-bellied toads.
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Yellow-striped pygmy eleuth
Measuring only 0.33–0.47 in (8.5–12 mm), the yellow-striped pygmy eleuth (Eleutherodactylus limbatus) is perhaps the fifth-smallest frog in the world.
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1995 in paleontology
No description.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frog
