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206 relations: Abdullah Abdul Kadir, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Adoniram Judson, Agra, Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II of Kedah, Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, Anouvong, Argyll, Aryan race, Australia, Austronesian languages, Bagyidaw, Bali, Bamar people, Birmingham, Black people, Bowmore, British Library, British Newspaper Archive, British Science Association, Buddhism, Cham language, Charles Buller, Charles Darwin, Church of England, Cirebon, Clements Markham, Colin Mackenzie, Colonial Office, Colonization, Corn Laws, Dadabhai Naoroji, Daniel Sandford (scholar), Decimalisation, Delhi, Despotism, Diana (1823), Dictionary of National Biography, Dissenter, Domestication, East India Company, Edinburgh Cabinet Library, Edinburgh Review, Edward Charlesworth, Edward Gibbon Wakefield, England, Ethnological Society of London, Ethnology, Factory (trading post), Fellow of the Royal Society, ..., First Anglo-Burmese War, Francis Burdett, Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings, Free trade, Geological Society of London, George Bennett (naturalist), George Everest, George Finlayson, George Grote, George IV of the United Kingdom, George Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle, George W. Stocking Jr., Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake, Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto, Gilbert Thomas Burnett, Glasgow (UK Parliament constituency), Governor-General of India, Hamengkubuwana II, Hamengkubuwana III, Henry Crabb Robinson, History of Thailand, Ho Chi Minh City, Horace Hayman Wilson, Hugh Falconer, Hugh Murray (geographer), Human evolution, Human skin color, Hussein Shah of Johor, Invasion of Java (1811), Inwa, Irrawaddy River, Islay, James Cowles Prichard, James Hunt (speech therapist), James Perry (journalist), Jane Welsh Carlyle, Java, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Arthur Roebuck, John Bowring, John Claudius Loudon, John Crawfurd (cricketer), John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury, John Sterling (author), John Temple Leader, Joseph Hume, Kedah Sultanate, Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie, Kolkata, Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, Lao rebellion (1826–28), Laos, Legal tender, List of Governors of Singapore, List of governors of the Straits Settlements, London, London Tavern, Luke Burke, Magway, Myanmar, Malay language, Max Müller, Minh Mạng, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand), Monogenism, Monopoly, Music of Indonesia, Myanmar, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nathaniel Wallich, Natural history, Noble savage, Oswald John Frederick Crawfurd, Paddle steamer, Paisley (UK Parliament constituency), Pakubuwono IV, Papuan people, Penang, Penang Island, Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, Peter Simon Pallas, Polygenism, Port Essington, Presidency armies, President of the Board of Control, Preston (UK Parliament constituency), Quit-rent, Race (human categorization), Raja, Rakhine State, Rama II of Siam, Rama III, Regressive tax, Right of asylum, Robert Gordon Latham, Robert Knox, Robert Montgomery Martin, Robert Torrens (economist), Robert Townley Parker, Roderick Murchison, Ronald Craufurd Ferguson, Ross Donnelly Mangles, Royal Army Medical Corps, Rupee, Ryotwari, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Scotland, Scottish orientalism, Scottish people, Secret ballot, Sepoy, South Kensington, Stamford Raffles, Stamp duty, State religion, State school, Stegolophodon, Stirling Burghs (UK Parliament constituency), Strait of Malacca, Straits dollar, Straw man, Sulawesi, Surakarta, Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, Tanintharyi Region, Temenggung, Thailand, Thalang District, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, The Examiner (1808–86), The Honourable, The Spectator, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Westminster Review, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Erskine Perry, Thomas Lynn, Thomas Perronet Thompson, Thomas Trautmann, Tributary state, United Kingdom general election, 1837, Universal suffrage, University of Edinburgh, Uttar Pradesh, Victoria River (Northern Territory), Vietnam, William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, William Buckland, William Clift, William Ewart Gladstone, William Falconer (writer), William Farquhar, William Huskisson, William Wallace (mathematician), Wilton Crescent, Yogyakarta, Zamindar. Expand index (156 more) »
Abdullah Abdul Kadir
Abdullah bin Abdul al Kadir (1796–1854) (Arabic: عبد الله بن عبد القادر) also known as Munshi Abdullah, was a Malayan writer of Indian origin.
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Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden
The Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden (Hindi:आचार्य जगदिश चंद्र बसु भारतीय वानस्पतिक उद्यान) (previously known as Indian Botanic Garden) is situated in Shibpur, Howrah near Kolkata.
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Adoniram Judson
Adoniram Judson, Jr. (August 9, 1788 – April 12, 1850) was an American Congregationalist and later Baptist missionary, who served in Burma for almost forty years.
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Agra
Agra is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II of Kedah
Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah (died 7 August 1843) was the 22nd Sultan of Kedah.
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Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London, was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 17 March 1824.
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Anouvong
Chao Anouvong (ເຈົ້າອານຸວົງສ໌; เจ้าอนุวงศ์), or regnal name Xaiya Setthathirath V (ໄຊຍະເສດຖາທິຣາຊທີ່ຫ້າ; ไชยเชษฐาธิราชที่ห้า), (1767 – 1829), led the Lao rebellion (1826–28) as the last monarch of the Kingdom of Vientiane.
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Argyll
Argyll (archaically Argyle, Earra-Ghàidheal in modern Gaelic), sometimes anglicised as Argyllshire, is a historic county and registration county of western Scotland.
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Aryan race
The Aryan race was a racial grouping used in the period of the late 19th century and mid-20th century to describe people of European and Western Asian heritage.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family that is widely dispersed throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar and the islands of the Pacific Ocean, with a few members in continental Asia.
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Bagyidaw
Bagyidaw (ဘကြီးတော်,; also known as Sagaing Min,; 23 July 1784 – 15 October 1846) was the seventh king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma from 1819 until his abdication in 1837.
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Bali
Bali (Balinese:, Indonesian: Pulau Bali, Provinsi Bali) is an island and province of Indonesia with the biggest Hindu population.
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Bamar people
The Bamar (also historically the Burmese and Burmans) are the dominant ethnic group in Myanmar.
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Birmingham
Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England, with an estimated population of 1,101,360, making it the second most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Black people
Black people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other populations.
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Bowmore
Bowmore (Bogh Mòr, 'The Big Bend') is a small town on the Scottish island of Islay and serves as administrative capital of the island.
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British Library
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and the largest national library in the world by number of items catalogued.
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British Newspaper Archive
The British Newspaper Archive web site provides access to searchable digitised archives of British newspapers.
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British Science Association
The British Science Association (BSA) is a charity and learned society founded in 1831 to aid in the promotion and development of science.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
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Cham language
Cham is the language of the Cham people of Southeast Asia, and formerly the language of the kingdom of Champa in central Vietnam.
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Charles Buller
Charles Buller (6 August 1806 – 29 November 1848) was a British barrister, politician and reformer.
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Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
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Church of England
The Church of England (C of E) is the state church of England.
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Cirebon
Cirebon (formerly referred to as Cheribon in English) is a port city on the north coast of the Indonesian island of Java.
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Clements Markham
Sir Clements Robert Markham (1830 – 1916) was an English geographer, explorer, and writer.
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Colin Mackenzie
Colonel Colin Mackenzie CB (1754–8 May 1821) was Scottish army officer in the British East India Company who later became the first Surveyor General of India.
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Colonial Office
The Colonial Office was a government department of the Kingdom of Great Britain and later of the United Kingdom, first created to deal with the colonial affairs of British North America but needed also to oversee the increasing number of colonies of the British Empire.
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Colonization
Colonization (or colonisation) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components.
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Corn Laws
The Corn Laws were tariffs and other trade restrictions on imported food and grain ("corn") enforced in Great Britain between 1815 and 1846.
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Dadabhai Naoroji
Dadabhai Naoroji (4 September 1825 – 30 June 1917), known as the Grand Old Man of India, was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader.
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Daniel Sandford (scholar)
Sir Daniel Keyte Sandford DCL (3 February 1798 – 4 February 1838) was a Scottish politician and Greek scholar.
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Decimalisation
Decimalisation is the process of converting a currency from its previous non-decimal denominations to a decimal system (i.e., a system based on one basic unit of currency and one or more sub-units, such that the number of sub-units in one basic unit is a power of 10, most commonly 100).
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Delhi
Delhi (Dilli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India.
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Despotism
Despotism (Δεσποτισμός, Despotismós) is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.
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Diana (1823)
Diana was a steam paddle steamer built in 1823 as a merchant vessel and purchased by the Bengal Government in 1824.
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Dictionary of National Biography
The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885.
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Dissenter
A dissenter (from the Latin dissentire, "to disagree") is one who disagrees in matters of opinion, belief, etc.
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Domestication
Domestication is a sustained multi-generational relationship in which one group of organisms assumes a significant degree of influence over the reproduction and care of another group to secure a more predictable supply of resources from that second group.
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East India Company
The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to trade with the East Indies (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.
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Edinburgh Cabinet Library
The Edinburgh Cabinet Library was a series of 38 books, mostly geographical, published from 1830 to 1844, and edited by Dionysius Lardner.
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Edinburgh Review
The Edinburgh Review has been the title of four distinct intellectual and cultural magazines.
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Edward Charlesworth
Edward Charlesworth (5 September 1813 – 28 July 1893) was an English geologist and palaeontologist.
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Edward Gibbon Wakefield
Edward Gibbon Wakefield (20 March 1796 – 16 May 1862) is considered a key figure in the early colonisation of South Australia and New Zealand.
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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Ethnological Society of London
The Ethnological Society of London (ESL) was a learned society founded in 1843 as an offshoot of the Aborigines' Protection Society (APS).
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Ethnology
Ethnology (from the Greek ἔθνος, ethnos meaning "nation") is the branch of anthropology that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationship between them (cf. cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology).
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Factory (trading post)
"Factory" (from Latin facere, meaning "to do"; feitoria, factorij, factorerie, comptoir) was the common name during the medieval and early modern eras for an entrepôt – which was essentially an early form of free-trade zone or transshipment point.
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Fellow of the Royal Society
Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society judges to have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science and medical science".
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First Anglo-Burmese War
The First Anglo-Burmese War, also known as the First Burma War, (ပထမ အင်္ဂလိပ် မြန်မာ စစ်;; 5 March 1824 – 24 February 1826) was the first of three wars fought between the British and Burmese empires in the 19th century.
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Francis Burdett
Sir Francis Burdett, 5th Baronet (25 January 1770 – 23 January 1844) was an English reformist politician, the son of Francis Burdett and his wife Eleanor, daughter of William Jones of Ramsbury manor, Wiltshire, and grandson of Sir Robert Burdett, Bart.
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Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings
Francis Edward Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings, KG, PC (9 December 1754 – 28 November 1826), styled The Honourable Francis Rawdon from birth until 1762, as The Lord Rawdon between 1762 and 1783, and known as The Earl of Moira between 1793 and 1816, was an Anglo-Irish British politician and military officer who served as Governor-General of India from 1813 to 1823.
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Free trade
Free trade is a free market policy followed by some international markets in which countries' governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries.
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Geological Society of London
The Geological Society of London, known commonly as the Geological Society, is a learned society based in the United Kingdom.
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George Bennett (naturalist)
George Bennett M.D., F.R.C.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., (31 January 1804 – 29 September 1893) was an English-born Australian physician and naturalist, winner of the Clarke Medal in 1890.
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George Everest
Colonel Sir George Everest CB FRS FRAS FRGS (4 July 1790 – 1 December 1866) was a British surveyor and geographer who served as Surveyor General of India from 1830 to 1843.
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George Finlayson
George Finlayson (1790–1823), was a Scottish naturalist and traveller.
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George Grote
George Grote (17 November 1794 – 18 June 1871) was an English political radical and classical historian.
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George IV of the United Kingdom
George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover following the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten years later.
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George Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle
General George Thomas Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle, (13 June 1799 – 21 February 1891), styled The Honourable from birth until 1851, was a British soldier, Liberal politician and writer.
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George W. Stocking Jr.
George W. Stocking Jr. (December 28, 1928July 13, 2013) was a German-born American scholar noted for his scholarship on the history of anthropology.
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Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake
General Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount Lake (27 July 1744 – 20 February 1808) was a British general.
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Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto
Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto, PC, FRSE (23 April 1751 – 21 June 1814), known as Sir Gilbert Elliott between 1777 and 1797 and as The Lord Minto between 1797 and 1813, was a Scottish diplomat and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1776 and 1795.
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Gilbert Thomas Burnett
Gilbert Thomas Burnett (15 April 1800 – 27 July 1835) was a British botanist.
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Glasgow (UK Parliament constituency)
Glasgow was a burgh constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 to 1885.
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Governor-General of India
The Governor-General of India (or, from 1858 to 1947, officially the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, commonly shortened to Viceroy of India) was originally the head of the British administration in India and, later, after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Indian head of state.
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Hamengkubuwana II
Hamengkubuwono II (also spelled Hamengkubuwana II; 1750–1828), was the second sultan of Yogyakarta 1792–1810, 1811–12 and finally 1826–28 during the Java War.
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Hamengkubuwana III
Hamengkubuwono III (also spelled Hamengkubuwana III, February 20, 1769 – November 3, 1814) was the third sultan of Yogyakarta, reigning from 1810 to 1811 and from 1812 to 1814.
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Henry Crabb Robinson
Henry Crabb Robinson (1775–1867) was an English lawyer known as a diarist.
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History of Thailand
History of Thailand concerns the history of the Thai people, who originally lived in southwestern China, migrated into mainland Southeast Asia over a period of many centuries.
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Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh; or; formerly Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville), also widely known by its former name of Saigon (Sài Gòn; or), is the largest city in Vietnam by population.
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Horace Hayman Wilson
Horace Hayman Wilson (26 September 1786 – 8 May 1860) was an English orientalist.
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Hugh Falconer
Hugh Falconer MD FRS (29 February 1808 – 31 January 1865) was a Scottish geologist, botanist, palaeontologist, and paleoanthropologist.
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Hugh Murray (geographer)
Hugh Murray FRSE FRGS (1779–1846) was a Scottish geographer and author.
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Human evolution
Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus Homo – and leading to the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.
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Human skin color
Human skin color ranges in variety from the darkest brown to the lightest hues.
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Hussein Shah of Johor
Sultan Hussein Mua'zzam Shah ibni Mahmud Shah Alam (1776 – 5 September 1835) was the 18th ruler of Johor-Riau.
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Invasion of Java (1811)
The invasion of Java in 1811 was a successful British amphibious operation against the Dutch East Indian island of Java that took place between August and September 1811 during the Napoleonic Wars.
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Inwa
Inwa or Ava (or; also spelled Innwa), located in Mandalay Region, Burma (Myanmar), is an ancient imperial capital of successive Burmese kingdoms from the 14th to 19th centuries.
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Irrawaddy River
The Irrawaddy River or Ayeyarwady River (also spelt Ayeyarwaddy) is a river that flows from north to south through Myanmar.
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Islay
Islay (Ìle) is the southernmost island of the Inner Hebrides of Scotland.
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James Cowles Prichard
James Cowles Prichard, MD FRS (11 February 1786 – 23 December 1848) was a British physician and ethnologist with broad interests in physical anthropology and psychiatry.
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James Hunt (speech therapist)
James Hunt (1833 – 29 August 1869) was a speech therapist in London, England who had among his clients Charles Kingsley, Leo Tennyson (son of the poet laureate Alfred Tennyson) and Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) author of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.
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James Perry (journalist)
James Perry, born James Pirie (30 October 1756 – 4 December 1821) was a British journalist and newspaper editor.
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Jane Welsh Carlyle
Jane Welsh Carlyle (14 January 1801 – 21 April 1866, née Jane Baillie Welsh in Haddington Scotland) was the wife of essayist Thomas Carlyle.
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Java
Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer and composer.
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John Arthur Roebuck
John Arthur Roebuck (28 December 1802 – 30 November 1879), British politician, was born at Madras, in India.
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John Bowring
Sir John Bowring, KCB (Chinese translated name: 寶寧, 寶靈 (for Putonghua speakers) or 包令 (for Cantonese)) (Thai: พระยาสยามมานุกูลกิจ สยามมิตรมหายศ) (17 October 1792 – 23 November 1872) was an English political economist, traveller, writer, literary translator, polyglot, and the fourth Governor of Hong Kong.
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John Claudius Loudon
John Claudius Loudon (8 April 1783 – 14 December 1843) was a Scottish botanist, garden designer and author.
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John Crawfurd (cricketer)
John William Frederick Arthur Crawfurd (15 November 1878 in London, England – 22 June 1939 in Dublin, Ireland) was an Irish cricketer.
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John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury
John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury, 4th Baronet, (30 April 183428 May 1913), known as Sir John Lubbock, 4th Baronet from 1865 until 1900, was an English banker, Liberal politician, philanthropist, scientist and polymath.
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John Sterling (author)
John Sterling (20 July 1806 – 18 September 1844) was a Scottish author.
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John Temple Leader
John Temple Leader (7 May 1810 – 1 March 1903) was an English politician and connoisseur.
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Joseph Hume
Joseph Hume FRS (22 January 1777 – 20 February 1855) was a Scottish doctor and Radical MP.
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Kedah Sultanate
The Kedah Sultanate is a Muslim dynasty located in the Malay Peninsula.
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Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie
Kenneth Robert Henderson Mackenzie (31 October 1833 – 3 July 1886) was an English linguist, orientalist and autodidact.
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Kolkata
Kolkata (also known as Calcutta, the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.
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Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
The Kraton of Yogyakarta (Bahasa Indonesia: Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, Javanese:ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦔꦿꦠ꧀) is a palace complex located in the city of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia.
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Lao rebellion (1826–28)
The Lao rebellion (also known as Anouvong's Rebellion) was an attempt by King Anouvong (Xaiya Sethathirath V) of the Kingdom of Vientiane to end the suzerainty of Siam and recreate the former kingdom of Lan Xang.
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Laos
Laos (ລາວ,, Lāo; Laos), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao; République démocratique populaire lao), commonly referred to by its colloquial name of Muang Lao (Lao: ເມືອງລາວ, Muang Lao), is a landlocked country in the heart of the Indochinese peninsula of Mainland Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (Burma) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southwest and Thailand to the west and southwest.
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Legal tender
Legal tender is a medium of payment recognized by a legal system to be valid for meeting a financial obligation.
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List of Governors of Singapore
The Governors of Singapore were the political leaders of Singapore during its pre-independence phase in the history of:Singapore.
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List of governors of the Straits Settlements
The Governor of the Straits Settlements was appointed by the British East India Company until 1867, when the Straits Settlements became a crown colony.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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London Tavern
The City of London Tavern or London Tavern was a notable meeting place in London during the 18th and 19th centuries.
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Luke Burke
Luke Burke (born 22 February 1998) is an English professional footballer who most recently played as a defender for Fylde on loan from Wigan Athletic.
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Magway, Myanmar
Magway (မကွေးမြို့) is the capital city of Magway Region (formerly Magway Division) of Myanmar, and situated on the banks of the Irrawaddy River.
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Malay language
Malay (Bahasa Melayu بهاس ملايو) is a major language of the Austronesian family spoken in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore.
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Max Müller
Friedrich Max Müller (6 December 1823 – 28 October 1900), generally known as Max Müller, was a German-born philologist and Orientalist, who lived and studied in Britain for most of his life.
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Minh Mạng
Minh Mạng (25 May 1791 – 20 January 1841; born Nguyễn Phúc Đảm (chữ Hán: 阮福膽), also known as Nguyễn Phúc Kiểu) was the second emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam, reigning from 14 February 1820 until his death, on 20 January 1841.
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Thailand)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (กระทรวงการต่างประเทศ;; Abrv: MFA) is the principal governmental department in charge of foreign relations in Thailand.
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Monogenism
Monogenism or sometimes monogenesis is the theory of human origins which posits a common descent for all human races.
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Monopoly
A monopoly (from Greek μόνος mónos and πωλεῖν pōleîn) exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity.
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Music of Indonesia
The music of Indonesia demonstrates its cultural diversity, the local musical creativity, as well as subsequent foreign musical influences that shaped contemporary music scenes of Indonesia.
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Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.
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Nakhon Si Thammarat
Nakhon Si Thammarat (นครศรีธรรมราช,; from Pali Nagara Sri Dhammaraja) is a city (thesaban nakhon) in southern Thailand, capital of the Nakhon Si Thammarat Province and the Nakhon Si Thammarat District.
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Nathaniel Wallich
Nathaniel Wallich FRS (28 January 1786 – 28 April 1854) was a surgeon and botanist of Danish origin who worked in India, initially in the Danish settlement near Calcutta and later for the Danish East India Company and the British East India Company.
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Natural history
Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms including animals, fungi and plants in their environment; leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study.
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Noble savage
A noble savage is a literary stock character who embodies the concept of the indigene, outsider, wild human, an "other" who has not been "corrupted" by civilization, and therefore symbolizes humanity's innate goodness.
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Oswald John Frederick Crawfurd
Oswald John Frederick Crawfurd CMG (18 March 1834 – 31 January 1909) was an English journalist, man of letters, and diplomat who served over 24 years as British consul in Oporto, Portugal.
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Paddle steamer
A paddle steamer is a steamship or riverboat powered by a steam engine that drives paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water.
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Paisley (UK Parliament constituency)
Paisley was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1832 until 1983, when it was divided into Paisley North and Paisley South.
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Pakubuwono IV
Pakubuwono IV (also transliterated Pakubuwana IV) (31 August 1768 – 1 October 1820) was the fourth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta).
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Papuan people
Papuan people are the various indigenous peoples of New Guinea and neighbouring islands, speakers of the Papuan languages.
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Penang
Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Malacca Strait.
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Penang Island
Penang Island is the main constituent island of the Malaysian state of Penang.
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Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood
Sir Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, 1st Baronet, (9 May 1801 – 12 April 1866) was an English landowner, developer and Member of Parliament, who founded the town of Fleetwood, in Lancashire, England.
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Peter Simon Pallas
Peter Simon Pallas FRS FRSE (22 September 1741 – 8 September 1811) was a Prussian zoologist and botanist who worked in Russia (1767–1810).
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Polygenism
Polygenism is a theory of human origins which posits the view that the human races are of different origins (polygenesis).
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Port Essington
Port Essington is an inlet and historic site located on the Cobourg Peninsula in the Garig Gunak Barlu National Park in Australia's Northern Territory.
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Presidency armies
The presidency armies were the armies of the three presidencies of the East India Company's rule in India, later the forces of the British Crown in India, composed primarily of Indian sepoys.
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President of the Board of Control
The President of the Board of Control was a British government official in the late 18th and early 19th century responsible for overseeing the British East India Company and generally serving as the chief official in London responsible for Indian affairs.
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Preston (UK Parliament constituency)
Preston is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2000 by Sir Mark Hendrick, a member of the Labour Party and Co-operative Party.
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Quit-rent
Quit rent, quit-rent, or quitrent, is a tax or land tax imposed on occupants of freehold or leased land in lieu of services to a higher landowning authority, usually a government or its assigns.
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Race (human categorization)
A race is a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society.
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Raja
Raja (also spelled rajah, from Sanskrit राजन्), is a title for a monarch or princely ruler in South and Southeast Asia.
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Rakhine State
Rakhine State (Rakhine pronunciation;; formerly Arakan) is a state in Myanmar (Burma).
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Rama II of Siam
Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai (พระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย; 24 February 1767 – 21 July 1824) or Rama II was the second monarch of Siam under the Chakri dynasty, ruling from 1809 to 1824.
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Rama III
Nangklao (พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว) or Rama III (31 March 1788 – 2 April 1851) was the third monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, ruling from 21 July 1824 to 2 April 1851.
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Regressive tax
A regressive tax is a tax imposed in such a manner that the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases.
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Right of asylum
The right of asylum (sometimes called right of political asylum, from the Ancient Greek word ἄσυλον) is an ancient juridical concept, under which a person persecuted by his own country may be protected by another sovereign authority, such as another country or church official, who in medieval times could offer sanctuary.
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Robert Gordon Latham
Robert Gordon Latham FRS (24 March 1812 – 9 March 1888) was an English ethnologist and philologist.
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Robert Knox
Robert Knox, (4 September 1793 – 20 December 1862) was a Scottish anatomist, zoologist, ethologist and doctor.
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Robert Montgomery Martin
Robert Montgomery Martin (c. 1801 – 6 September 1868), commonly referred to as "Montgomery Martin", was an Anglo-Irish author and civil servant.
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Robert Torrens (economist)
Colonel Robert Torrens (1780 in Hervey Hill, Derry – 27 May 1864 in London) was a Royal Marines officer, political economist, MP, owner of the influential Globe newspaper and prolific writer.
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Robert Townley Parker
Robert Townley Parker (1793–1879) was a Unionist Member of Parliament for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Preston.
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Roderick Murchison
Roderick Impey Murchison, 1st Baronet KCB DCL FRS FRSE FLS PRGS PBA MRIA (22 February 1792 – 22 October 1871) was a Scottish geologist who first described and investigated the Silurian system.
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Ronald Craufurd Ferguson
General Sir Ronald Craufurd Ferguson (8 February 1773 – 10 April 1841), was a Scottish officer in the British Army and a Member of Parliament for the constituencies of Dysart Burghs and for Nottingham.
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Ross Donnelly Mangles
Ross Donnelly Mangles (1801 – 1877) was an English politician, Member of Parliament for Guildford between 1841 and 1857.
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Royal Army Medical Corps
The Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all Army personnel and their families, in war and in peace.
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Rupee
The rupee is the common name for the currencies of India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Maldives, Mauritius, Nepal, Bhutan, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, and formerly those of Afghanistan, Tibet, Burma and British East Africa, German East Africa and Trucial States.
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Ryotwari
The Ryotwari system was introduced by Sir Thomas Munro and Captain Alexander Read in 1820.
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (21 October 177225 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher and theologian who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Scottish orientalism
Scottish orientalism refers to the collective views of a group of Scottish scholars of oriental languages, informed by the Scottish Enlightenment, and applied to the culture and administration of the Indian subcontinent though the East India Company, from the end of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century.
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Scottish people
The Scottish people (Scots: Scots Fowk, Scottish Gaelic: Albannaich), or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged from an amalgamation of two Celtic-speaking peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or Alba) in the 9th century. Later, the neighbouring Celtic-speaking Cumbrians, as well as Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons and Norse, were incorporated into the Scottish nation. In modern usage, "Scottish people" or "Scots" is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origins are from Scotland. The Latin word Scoti originally referred to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also been used for Scottish people, primarily outside Scotland. John Kenneth Galbraith in his book The Scotch (Toronto: MacMillan, 1964) documents the descendants of 19th-century Scottish pioneers who settled in Southwestern Ontario and affectionately referred to themselves as 'Scotch'. He states the book was meant to give a true picture of life in the community in the early decades of the 20th century. People of Scottish descent live in many countries other than Scotland. Emigration, influenced by factors such as the Highland and Lowland Clearances, Scottish participation in the British Empire, and latterly industrial decline and unemployment, have resulted in Scottish people being found throughout the world. Scottish emigrants took with them their Scottish languages and culture. Large populations of Scottish people settled the new-world lands of North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. Canada has the highest level of Scottish descendants per capita in the world and the second-largest population of Scottish descendants, after the United States. Scotland has seen migration and settlement of many peoples at different periods in its history. The Gaels, the Picts and the Britons have their respective origin myths, like most medieval European peoples. Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxons, arrived beginning in the 7th century, while the Norse settled parts of Scotland from the 8th century onwards. In the High Middle Ages, from the reign of David I of Scotland, there was some emigration from France, England and the Low Countries to Scotland. Some famous Scottish family names, including those bearing the names which became Bruce, Balliol, Murray and Stewart came to Scotland at this time. Today Scotland is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, and the majority of people living there are British citizens.
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Secret ballot
The secret ballot is a voting method in which a voter's choices in an election or a referendum is anonymous, forestalling attempts to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing, and potential vote buying.
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Sepoy
A sepoy was formerly the designation given to an Indian soldier.
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South Kensington
South Kensington is an affluent district of West London in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.
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Stamford Raffles
Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles, FRS (6 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British statesman, Lieutenant-Governor of British Java (1811–1815) and Governor-General of Bencoolen (1817–1822), best known for his founding of Modern Singapore.
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Stamp duty
Stamp duty is a tax that is levied on documents.
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State religion
A state religion (also called an established religion or official religion) is a religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state.
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State school
State schools (also known as public schools outside England and Wales)In England and Wales, some independent schools for 13- to 18-year-olds are known as 'public schools'.
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Stegolophodon
Stegolophodon is an extinct genus of proboscidean.
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Stirling Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)
Stirling Burghs was a district of burghs constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1708 to 1918.
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Strait of Malacca
The Strait of Malacca (Selat Melaka, Selat Malaka; Jawi: سلت ملاک) or Straits of Malacca is a narrow, stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula (Peninsular Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra.
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Straits dollar
The Straits dollar was the currency of the Straits Settlements from 1898 until 1939.
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Straw man
A straw man is a common form of argument and is an informal fallacy based on giving the impression of refuting an opponent's argument, while actually refuting an argument that was not presented by that opponent.
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Sulawesi
Sulawesi, formerly known as Celebes, is an island in Indonesia.
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Surakarta
Surakarta (ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ, often called Solo or less common spelling Sala) is a city in Central Java.
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Tait's Edinburgh Magazine
Tait's Edinburgh Magazine was a monthly periodical founded in 1832.
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Tanintharyi Region
Tanintharyi Region (တနင်္သာရီတိုင်းဒေသကြီး,; Mon: or; Tanah Sari; formerly Tenasserim Division and subsequently Tanintharyi Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the Kra Isthmus.
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Temenggung
Temenggung (Jawi: تمڠݢوڠ; also Temenggong) is an old Malay title of nobility, usually given to the chief of public security.
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Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.
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Thalang District
Thalang (ถลาง) is a district (amphoe) in the north of Phuket Province, Thailand.
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The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex is a book by English naturalist Charles Darwin, first published in 1871, which applies evolutionary theory to human evolution, and details his theory of sexual selection, a form of biological adaptation distinct from, yet interconnected with, natural selection.
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The Examiner (1808–86)
The Examiner was a weekly paper founded by Leigh and John Hunt in 1808.
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The Honourable
The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable (abbreviated to The Hon., Hon. or formerly The Hon'ble—the latter term is still used in South Asia) is a style that is used before the names of certain classes of people.
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The Spectator
The Spectator is a weekly British magazine on politics, culture, and current affairs.
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The Sydney Morning Herald
The Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) is a daily compact newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia.
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The Westminster Review
The Westminster Review was a quarterly British publication.
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Thomas Carlyle
Thomas Carlyle (4 December 17955 February 1881) was a Scottish philosopher, satirical writer, essayist, translator, historian, mathematician, and teacher.
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Thomas Erskine Perry
Sir Thomas Erskine Perry (20 July 1806 – 22 April 1882) was a British Liberal politician and judge in India.
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Thomas Lynn
Thomas Lynn (1774–1847) was an English naval officer and writer on astronomy.
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Thomas Perronet Thompson
Thomas Perronet Thompson (1783–1869) was a British Parliamentarian, a governor of Sierra Leone and a radical reformer.
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Thomas Trautmann
Thomas R. Trautmann is a renowned American historian and Professor Emeritus of History and Anthropology at the University of Michigan.
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Tributary state
A tributary state is a term for a pre-modern state in a particular type of subordinate relationship to a more powerful state which involved the sending of a regular token of submission, or tribute, to the superior power.
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United Kingdom general election, 1837
The 1837 United Kingdom general election was triggered by the death of King William IV and produced the first Parliament of the reign of his successor, Victoria.
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Universal suffrage
The concept of universal suffrage, also known as general suffrage or common suffrage, consists of the right to vote of all adult citizens, regardless of property ownership, income, race, or ethnicity, subject only to minor exceptions.
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University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh (abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals), founded in 1582, is the sixth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's ancient universities.
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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh (IAST: Uttar Pradeś) is a state in northern India.
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Victoria River (Northern Territory)
The Victoria River is a river in the Victoria Bonaparte bioregion of the Northern Territory, Australia.
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Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.
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William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst
William Pitt Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, GCH, PC (14 January 1773 – 13 March 1857) was a British diplomat and colonial administrator.
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William Buckland
William Buckland DD, FRS (12 March 1784 – 14 August 1856) was an English theologian who became Dean of Westminster.
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William Clift
William Clift FRS (14 February 1775 – 20 June 1849) was a British illustrator and conservator.
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William Ewart Gladstone
William Ewart Gladstone, (29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British statesman of the Liberal Party.
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William Falconer (writer)
William Falconer (23 February 1744 – 31 August 1824) was an English physician, miscellaneous writer, and Fellow of the Royal Society.
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William Farquhar
Major-General William Farquhar (26 February 1774 – 11 May 1839) was an employee of the East India Company, and the first British Resident and Commandant of colonial Singapore.
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William Huskisson
William Huskisson PC (11 March 1770 – 15 September 1830) was a British statesman, financier, and Member of Parliament for several constituencies, including Liverpool.
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William Wallace (mathematician)
Prof William Wallace LLD (23 September 1768 – 28 April 1843) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer who invented the eidograph.
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Wilton Crescent
Wilton Crescent is an early 19th century-built street of Grade II listed buildings and also describes its central private communal garden (also known as Wilton Garden).
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Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (also Jogja or Jogjakarta; ꦛꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ; formerly Dutch: Djokjakarta/Djocjakarta or Djokja) is a city on the island of Java in Indonesia.
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Zamindar
A zamindar in the Indian subcontinent was an aristocrat.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Crawfurd
