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Penguin

Index Penguin

Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless birds. [1]

249 relations: A Wish for Wings That Work, Accipitridae, Adaptation, Adaptive radiation, Adélie penguin, African penguin, Allopatric speciation, And Tango Makes Three, Angola, Anhinga, Anseriformes, Antarctic, Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Antarctic ice sheet, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Anthropodyptes, Anthropornis, Aptenodytes, Aquatic ecosystem, Archaeospheniscus, Argentina, Arthrodytes, Atlantic Ocean, Auk, Australia, Autapomorphy, Banded penguin, Bartonian, Basal (phylogenetics), Bergmann's rule, Berkeley Breathed, Biodiversity, Biogeography, Bird, Bird colony, Bird migration, Bloom County, Breton language, Brown Bluff, Burdigalian, Camouflage, Campanian, Carotenoid, Central Park Zoo, Century Dictionary, Charadriiformes, Charles Lucien Bonaparte, Chatham penguin, Chattian, ..., Children's literature, Chile, Chilly Willy, Chinstrap penguin, Clade, Cladistics, Computer-generated imagery, Convergent evolution, Cormorant, Countershading, Crèche (zoology), Crested penguin, Cretaceous, Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, Crossvallia, Cruschedula, Dog, Drygalski Ice Tongue, Duntroonornis, Eastern rockhopper penguin, Egg incubation, Emperor penguin, Entertainment Weekly, Eocene, Equator, Erect-crested penguin, Eudyptula, Eudyptula novaehollandiae, Evolution, Falklands War, Family (biology), Farce of the Penguins, Fiordland penguin, Fish, Flightless bird, Flightless cormorant, Flipper (anatomy), Food web, Fossil, Fowl, French language, Galapagos penguin, Galápagos Islands, Gary Larson, Gentoo penguin, Genus, Global cooling, Gourdin Island, Great auk, Grebe, Greenwood Publishing Group, Habitat, Happy Feet, Hearing, Humboldt Current, Humboldt penguin, Hunter Island penguin, Icadyptes, Iceberg, Inguza, Inkayacu, Isabelline (colour), Kaiika, Kairuku, Killer whale, King penguin, Korora, Krill, Kumimanu, Langhian, Latin, Latitude, Leopard seal, Linnaean taxonomy, Linux kernel, Little penguin, Loon, Maastrichtian, Macaroni penguin, Magellanic penguin, March of the Penguins, Marie Byrd Land, Marine life, Marplesornis, Megadyptes, Melbourne University Publishing, Merriam-Webster, Middle Miocene disruption, Mikko's Phylogeny Archive, Miocene, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Molecular clock, Monophyly, Morphology (biology), Most recent common ancestor, Mr. Popper's Penguins, Namibia, National Hockey League, Nature Communications, Near-sightedness, Neogene, New Zealand, Newbery Medal, North Pole, Northern Hemisphere, Northern rockhopper penguin, Nucleic acid sequence, Oligocene, Opus (comic strip), Opus the Penguin, Order (biology), Outland (comic strip), Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Pachydyptes, Palaeeudyptes, Palaeeudyptinae, Palaeoapterodytes ictus, Palaeognathae, Palaeospheniscus, Paleocene, Paleoclimatology, Paleogene, Paraphyly, Paraptenodytes, Patagonia, Peekaboo, Pelecaniformes, Pengo (video game), Penguin, Peru, Perudyptes, Phylogenetic nomenclature, Phylogenetic tree, Pingu, Pittsburgh Penguins, Plate tectonics, Platydyptes, Pliocene, Plotopteridae, Plumage, Prehistory, Priabonian, Procellariiformes, Pseudaptenodytes, Puffin, Pygoscelis, Quaternary glaciation, Rail (bird), Richard Bowdler Sharpe, Rockhopper penguin, Ross Piper, Ross Sea, Roy and Silo, Royal penguin, Rupelian, Seabird, Sega, Seymour Island, Shark, Sister group, Sled dog, Snares penguin, South Africa, South America, Southern Hemisphere, Southern rockhopper penguin, Spanish language, Species, Squid, Stephen Fry, Steve Bell (cartoonist), Stork, Subantarctic, Subfamily, Supraorbital gland, Surf's Up (film), Tail, Taxonomy (biology), Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand, Temperate climate, Tereingaornis, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, The Guardian, The Penguins of Madagascar, Toothed whale, Tortonian, Vestigiality, Waimanu, Waitaha penguin, Water bird, Welsh language, White Head Island, White tie, White-flippered penguin, Wing, Year, Yellow-eyed penguin, Youngstown State Penguins. Expand index (199 more) »

A Wish for Wings That Work

A Wish for Wings That Work: An Opus Christmas Story is a children's book by Berkeley Breathed that was published in 1991.

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Accipitridae

The Accipitridae, one of the four families within the order Accipitriformes (the others being Cathartidae, Pandionidae and Sagittariidae), are a family of small to large birds with strongly hooked bills and variable morphology based on diet.

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Adaptation

In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.

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Adaptive radiation

In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches.

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Adélie penguin

The Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) is a species of penguin common along the entire Antarctic coast, which is their only residence.

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African penguin

The African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), also known as the jackass penguin and black-footed penguin, is a species of penguin, confined to southern African waters.

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Allopatric speciation

Allopatric speciation (from the ancient Greek allos, meaning "other", and patris, meaning "fatherland"), also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name, the dumbbell model, is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange.

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And Tango Makes Three

And Tango Makes Three is a 2005 children's book written by Peter Parnell and Justin Richardson and illustrated by Henry Cole that tells the story of two male penguins, Roy and Silo, who create a family together.

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Angola

Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola; Kikongo, Kimbundu and Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in Southern Africa.

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Anhinga

The anhinga (Anhinga anhinga), sometimes called snakebird, darter, American darter, or water turkey, is a water bird of the warmer parts of the Americas.

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Anseriformes

Anseriformes is an order of birds that comprise about 180 living species in three families: Anhimidae (the screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest family, which includes over 170 species of waterfowl, among them the ducks, geese, and swans.

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Antarctic

The Antarctic (US English, UK English or and or) is a polar region around the Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole.

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Antarctic Circumpolar Current

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is an ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica.

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Antarctic ice sheet

The Antarctic ice sheet is one of the two polar ice caps of the Earth.

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Antarctic Peninsula

The Antarctic Peninsula is the northernmost part of the mainland of Antarctica, located at the base of the Southern Hemisphere.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.

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Anthropodyptes

Anthropodyptes is a poorly known monotypic genus of extinct penguin.

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Anthropornis

Anthropornis is a genus of giant penguin that lived 45-33 million years ago, during the Late Eocene and the earliest part of the Oligocene.

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Aptenodytes

The genus Aptenodytes (from the Ancient Greek a/α 'without' pteno-/πτηνο- "feather" or "wing" and dytes/δυτης "diver") contains two extant species of penguins collectively known as "the great penguins".

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Aquatic ecosystem

An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in a body of water.

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Archaeospheniscus

Archaeospheniscus is an extinct genus of large penguins.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.

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Arthrodytes

Arthrodytes is an extinct genus of penguins which contains a single species, whose remains have been recovered from the San Julian Formation (Late Eocene to Early Oligocene) of Patagonia.

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Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.

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Auk

An auk or alcid is a bird of the family Alcidae in the order Charadriiformes.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Autapomorphy

In phylogenetics, an autapomorphy is a distinctive feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given taxon.

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Banded penguin

The banded penguins are penguins that belong to the genus Spheniscus.

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Bartonian

The Bartonian is, in the ICS's geologic time scale, a stage or age in the middle Eocene epoch or series.

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Basal (phylogenetics)

In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.

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Bergmann's rule

Bergmann's rule is an ecogeographical rule that states that within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.

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Berkeley Breathed

Guy Berkeley "Berke" Breathed (born June 21, 1957) is an American cartoonist, children's book author/illustrator, director and screenwriter, best known for Bloom County, a 1980s cartoon-comic strip and more recent Internet cartoons that reflect sociopolitical issues as understood by fanciful characters (e.g., Bill the Cat and Opus the Penguin) and through humorous analogies.

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Biodiversity

Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.

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Biogeography

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.

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Bird

Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

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Bird colony

A bird colony is a large congregation of individuals of one or more species of bird that nest or roost in proximity at a particular location.

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Bird migration

Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds.

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Bloom County

Bloom County is an American comic strip by Berkeley Breathed which originally ran from December 8, 1980, until August 6, 1989.

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Breton language

Breton (brezhoneg or in Morbihan) is a Southwestern Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Brittany.

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Brown Bluff

Brown Bluff is a basalt tuya located on the Tabarin Peninsula of northern Antarctica.

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Burdigalian

The Burdigalian is, in the geologic timescale, an age or stage in the early Miocene.

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Camouflage

Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see (crypsis), or by disguising them as something else (mimesis).

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Campanian

The Campanian is, in the ICS' geologic timescale, the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch (or, in chronostratigraphy: the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous series).

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Carotenoid

Carotenoids, also called tetraterpenoids, are organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria and fungi.

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Central Park Zoo

The Central Park Zoo is a small zoo located in Central Park in New York City.

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Century Dictionary

The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia was one of the largest encyclopedic dictionaries of the English language.

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Charadriiformes

Charadriiformes is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds.

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Charles Lucien Bonaparte

Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, 2nd Prince of Canino and Musignano (24 May 1803 – 29 July 1857), was a French biologist and ornithologist.

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Chatham penguin

The Chatham penguin ("Eudyptes chathamensis")Thiebot et al., 2013, p.2 was a species of penguin, now extinct.

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Chattian

The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene epoch/series.

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Children's literature

Children's literature or juvenile literature includes stories, books, magazines, and poems that are enjoyed by children.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Chilly Willy

Chilly Willy is a funny animal cartoon character, a diminutive anthropomorphic penguin living in Alaska, but lives in Antarctica in the New Woody Woodpecker Show.

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Chinstrap penguin

The chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) is a species of penguin which inhabits a variety of islands and shores in the Southern Pacific and the Antarctic Ocean.

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Clade

A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".

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Cladistics

Cladistics (from Greek κλάδος, cládos, i.e., "branch") is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on the most recent common ancestor.

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Computer-generated imagery

Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, films, television programs, shorts, commercials, videos, and simulators.

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Convergent evolution

Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages.

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Cormorant

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of approximately 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags.

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Countershading

Countershading, or Thayer's law, is a method of camouflage in which an animal's coloration is darker on the upper side and lighter on the underside of the body.

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Crèche (zoology)

The crèche (from French) in zoology refers to care of another's offspring, for instance in a colony.

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Crested penguin

The term crested penguin is the common name given collectively to species of penguins of the genus Eudyptes.

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Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geologic period and system that spans 79 million years from the end of the Jurassic Period million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Paleogene Period mya.

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Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) extinction, was a sudden mass extinction of some three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth, approximately 66 million years ago.

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Crossvallia

Crossvallia is an extinct genus of penguins which contains a single species, whose remains have been recovered from Late Paleocene deposits on Seymour Island, Antarctica.

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Cruschedula

Cruschedula is an enigmatic bird genus considered to be nomen dubium which consists of the single species Cruschedula revola.

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Dog

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris when considered a subspecies of the gray wolf or Canis familiaris when considered a distinct species) is a member of the genus Canis (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.

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Drygalski Ice Tongue

The Drygalski Ice Tongue or Drygalski Barrier or Drygalski Glacier Tongue is a glacier in Antarctica, on the Scott Coast, in the northern McMurdo Sound of Antarctica's Ross Dependency, north of Ross Island.

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Duntroonornis

Duntroonornis parvus, also referred to as the Duntroon penguin, is a genus and species of extinct penguin from the Late Oligocene of New Zealand.

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Eastern rockhopper penguin

The eastern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome filholi) although genetically different is still often considered a subspecies of the southern rockhopper penguin.

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Egg incubation

Incubation refers to the process by which certain oviparous (egg-laying) animals hatch their eggs; it also refers to the development of the embryo within the egg.

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Emperor penguin

The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica.

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Entertainment Weekly

Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is an American magazine, published by Meredith Corporation, that covers film, television, music, Broadway theatre, books and popular culture.

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Eocene

The Eocene Epoch, lasting from, is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era.

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Equator

An equator of a rotating spheroid (such as a planet) is its zeroth circle of latitude (parallel).

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Erect-crested penguin

The erect-crested penguin (Eudyptes sclateri) is a penguin known only from New Zealand, where it breeds on the Bounty and Antipodes Islands, although previously also known from Campbell Island.

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Eudyptula

The genus Eudyptula ("good little diver") contains two species of penguin, found in southern Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and the Chatham Islands.

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Eudyptula novaehollandiae

Eudyptula novaehollandiae is commonly known as the Australian little penguin.

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Evolution

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

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Falklands War

The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas), also known as the Falklands Conflict, Falklands Crisis, Malvinas War, South Atlantic Conflict, and the Guerra del Atlántico Sur (Spanish for "South Atlantic War"), was a ten-week war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands, and its territorial dependency, the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

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Family (biology)

In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.

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Farce of the Penguins

Farce of the Penguins is a 2007 American direct-to-video parody directed by Bob Saget.

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Fiordland penguin

The Fiordland penguin (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus), also known as the Fiordland crested penguin (in Māori, tawaki or pokotiwha), is a crested penguin species endemic to New Zealand.

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Fish

Fish are gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits.

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Flightless bird

Flightless birds are birds that through evolution lost the ability to fly.

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Flightless cormorant

The flightless cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi), also known as the Galapagos cormorant, is a cormorant native to the Galapagos Islands, and an example of the highly unusual fauna there.

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Flipper (anatomy)

A flipper is a typically flat forelimb evolved for movement through water.

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Food web

A food web (or food cycle) is a natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community.

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Fossil

A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

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Fowl

Fowl are birds belonging to one of two biological orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl (Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes).

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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Galapagos penguin

The Galápagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) is a penguin endemic to the Galápagos Islands.

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Galápagos Islands

The Galápagos Islands (official name: Archipiélago de Colón, other Spanish name: Las Islas Galápagos), part of the Republic of Ecuador, are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed on either side of the equator in the Pacific Ocean surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, west of continental Ecuador.

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Gary Larson

Gary Larson (born August 14, 1950) is an American cartoonist.

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Gentoo penguin

The long-tailed gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a penguin species in the genus Pygoscelis, most closely related to the Adélie penguin (P. adeliae) and the chinstrap penguin (P. antarcticus).

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Genus

A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.

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Global cooling

Global cooling was a conjecture during the 1970s of imminent cooling of the Earth's surface and atmosphere culminating in a period of extensive glaciation.

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Gourdin Island

Gourdin Island is the largest island (124 ha) in a group of islands and rocks north of Prime Head, the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula.

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Great auk

The great auk (Pinguinus impennis) is a species of flightless alcid that became extinct in the mid-19th century.

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Grebe

A grebe is a member of the order Podicipediformes and the only type of bird associated with this order.

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Greenwood Publishing Group

ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.

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Habitat

In ecology, a habitat is the type of natural environment in which a particular species of organism lives.

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Happy Feet

Happy Feet is a 2006 Australian-American computer-animated musical family comedy film directed, produced, and co-written by George Miller.

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Hearing

Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear.

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Humboldt Current

The Humboldt Current, also called the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America.

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Humboldt penguin

The Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) (also termed Peruvian penguin, or patranca) is a South American penguin that breeds in coastal Chile and Peru.

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Hunter Island penguin

The Hunter Island penguin (Tasidyptes hunteri) is an extinct penguin, subfossil remains of which were found in a Holocene Aboriginal midden at Stockyard Site on Hunter Island, in Bass Strait 5 km off the western end of the north coast of Tasmania, Australia.

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Icadyptes

Icadyptes is an extinct genus of giant penguins from the Late Eocene tropics of South America.

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Iceberg

An iceberg or ice mountain is a large piece of freshwater ice that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open water.

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Inguza

Inguza predemersus is an extinct species of penguin.

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Inkayacu

Inkayacu is a genus of extinct penguins.

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Isabelline (colour)

Isabelline, also known as isabella, is a pale grey-yellow, pale fawn, pale cream-brown or parchment colour.

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Kaiika

Kaiika (Māori for "eater of fish") is an extinct genus of basal penguin from Early Eocene (Waipawan-Mangaorapan subage) deposits of South Canterbury, New Zealand.

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Kairuku

Kairuku is an extinct genus of penguin.

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Killer whale

| status.

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King penguin

The king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) is a large species of penguin, second only to the emperor penguin in size.

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Korora

Korora oliveri, also referred to as Oliver's penguin, is a genus and species of extinct penguin from the Waitakian Stage (Late Oligocene to Early Miocene) of New Zealand.

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Krill

Krill are small crustaceans of the order Euphausiacea, and are found in all the world's oceans.

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Kumimanu

Kumimanu biceae is an extinct species of giant penguin, which lived around 60 to 56 million years ago.

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Langhian

The Langhian is, in the ICS geologic timescale, an age or stage in the middle Miocene epoch/series.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Latitude

In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface.

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Leopard seal

The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), also referred to as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic (after the southern elephant seal).

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Linnaean taxonomy

Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts.

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Linux kernel

The Linux kernel is an open-source monolithic Unix-like computer operating system kernel.

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Little penguin

The little penguin (Eudyptula minor) is the smallest species of penguin.

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Loon

The loons (North America) or divers (Great Britain/Ireland) are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Eurasia.

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Maastrichtian

The Maastrichtian is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch or Upper Cretaceous series, the Cretaceous period or system, and of the Mesozoic era or erathem.

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Macaroni penguin

The macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) is a species of penguin found from the Subantarctic to the Antarctic Peninsula.

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Magellanic penguin

The Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is a South American penguin, breeding in coastal Argentina, Chile and the Falkland Islands, with some migrating to Brazil where they are occasionally seen as far north as Rio de Janeiro.

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March of the Penguins

March of the Penguins (French La Marche de l'empereur) is a 2005 French feature-length nature documentary directed and co-written by Luc Jacquet, and co-produced by Bonne Pioche and the National Geographic Society.

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Marie Byrd Land

Marie Byrd Land is the portion of West Antarctica lying east of the Ross Ice Shelf and the Ross Sea and south of the Pacific Ocean, extending eastward approximately to a line between the head of the Ross Ice Shelf and Eights Coast.

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Marine life

Marine life, or sea life or ocean life, is the plants, animals and other organisms that live in the salt water of the sea or ocean, or the brackish water of coastal estuaries.

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Marplesornis

Marplesornis novaezealandiae, also referred to as Harris' penguin is a genus and species of extinct penguin from New Zealand.

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Megadyptes

Megadyptes ("large diver") is a genus of penguin which consists of two species, yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) and the extinct Waitaha penguin (Megadyptes waitaha).

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Melbourne University Publishing

Melbourne University Publishing (MUP) is the book publishing arm of the University of Melbourne.

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Merriam-Webster

Merriam–Webster, Incorporated is an American company that publishes reference books which is especially known for its dictionaries.

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Middle Miocene disruption

The term Middle Miocene disruption, alternatively the Middle Miocene extinction or Middle Miocene extinction peak, refers to a wave of extinctions of terrestrial and aquatic life forms that occurred around the middle of the Miocene, roughly 14 million years ago, during the Langhian stage of the Miocene.

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Mikko's Phylogeny Archive

Mikko's Phylogeny Archive is an amateur paleontology website maintained by Mikko Haaramo, a student at the University of Helsinki's Department of Geology, Division of Geology and Palaeontology.

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Miocene

The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).

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Molecular Biology and Evolution

Molecular Biology and Evolution is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

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Molecular clock

The molecular clock is a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged.

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Monophyly

In cladistics, a monophyletic group, or clade, is a group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.

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Morphology (biology)

Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.

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Most recent common ancestor

In biology and genealogy, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA, also last common ancestor (LCA), or concestor) of any set of organisms is the most recent individual from which all the organisms are directly descended.

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Mr. Popper's Penguins

Mr. Popper's Penguins is a children's book written by Richard and Florence Atwater, with illustrations by Robert Lawson, originally published in 1938. It tells the story of a poor house painter named Mr. Popper and his family, who live in the small town of Stillwater in the 1930s. The Poppers unexpectedly come into possession of a penguin, Captain Cook. The Poppers then receive a female penguin from the zoo, who mates with Captain Cook to have 10 baby penguins. Before long, something must be done lest the penguins eat the Poppers out of house and home.

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Namibia

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (German:; Republiek van Namibië), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean.

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National Hockey League

The National Hockey League (NHL; Ligue nationale de hockey—LNH) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.

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Nature Communications

Nature Communications is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group since 2010.

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Near-sightedness

Near-sightedness, also known as short-sightedness and myopia, is a condition of the eye where light focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina.

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Neogene

The Neogene (informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Newbery Medal

The John Newbery Medal is a literary award given by the Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association (ALA).

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North Pole

The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.

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Northern Hemisphere

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.

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Northern rockhopper penguin

Recent studies show the northern rockhopper penguin, Moseley's rockhopper penguin, or Moseley's penguin (Eudyptes moseleyi) distinct from the southern rockhopper penguin.

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Nucleic acid sequence

A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule.

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Oligocene

The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (to). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain.

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Opus (comic strip)

Opus was a Sunday strip drawn by Berkeley Breathed for a period of five years, 2003 to 2008.

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Opus the Penguin

Opus the Penguin (Opus T. Penguin) is a fictional character created by artist Berkeley Breathed.

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Order (biology)

In biological classification, the order (ordo) is.

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Outland (comic strip)

Outland is a comic strip written and illustrated by Berkeley Breathed from 1989 until 1995.

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Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the main historical dictionary of the English language, published by the Oxford University Press.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Pachydyptes

Pachydyptes is an extinct genus of penguin.

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Palaeeudyptes

Palaeeudyptes is an extinct genus of large penguins, currently containing four accepted species.

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Palaeeudyptinae

The giant penguins, Palaeeudyptinae, are an extinct subfamily of penguins.

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Palaeoapterodytes ictus

Palaeoapterodytes ictus is an extinct species of penguin from the late Oligocene or early Miocene of Argentina, the only member of its genus.

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Palaeognathae

Palaeognathae, or paleognaths, is one of the two living clades of birds – the other being Neognathae.

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Palaeospheniscus

Palaeospheniscus is an extinct genus of penguins belonging to the subfamily Palaeospheniscinae.

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Paleocene

The Paleocene or Palaeocene, the "old recent", is a geological epoch that lasted from about.

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Paleoclimatology

Paleoclimatology (in British spelling, palaeoclimatology) is the study of changes in climate taken on the scale of the entire history of Earth.

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Paleogene

The Paleogene (also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Mya.

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Paraphyly

In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor excluding a few—typically only one or two—monophyletic subgroups.

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Paraptenodytes

Paraptenodytes is an extinct genus of penguins which contains two or three species sized between a Magellanic penguin and an emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri).

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Patagonia

Patagonia is a sparsely populated region located at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile.

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Peekaboo

Peekaboo (also spelled peek-a-boo) is a form of play primarily played with an infant.

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Pelecaniformes

The Pelecaniformes are an order of medium-sized and large waterbirds found worldwide.

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Pengo (video game)

is an arcade game developed by Coreland and published by Sega in 1982.

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Penguin

Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless birds.

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Peru

Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.

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Perudyptes

Perudyptes is a basal penguin from the Middle Eocene Paracas Formation of Peru.

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Phylogenetic nomenclature

Phylogenetic nomenclature, often called cladistic nomenclature, is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below.

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Phylogenetic tree

A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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Pingu

Pingu is a Swiss-British stop-motion clay animated children's comedy television series created by Otmar Gutmann and produced from 1990 to 2000 for Swiss television, and from 2003 to 2006 for British television by The Pygos Group (formerly Trickfilmstudio and Pingu Filmstudio).

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Pittsburgh Penguins

The Pittsburgh Penguins are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

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Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.

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Platydyptes

Platydyptes is a genus of extinct penguins from the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (about 27.3 to 21.7 million years ago) of New Zealand.

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Pliocene

The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP.

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Plotopteridae

Plotopteridae is the name of an extinct family of flightless seabirds from the order Suliformes.

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Plumage

Plumage ("feather") refers both to the layer of feathers that cover a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers.

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Prehistory

Human prehistory is the period between the use of the first stone tools 3.3 million years ago by hominins and the invention of writing systems.

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Priabonian

The Priabonian is, in the ICS's geologic timescale, the latest age or the upper stage of the Eocene epoch or series.

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Procellariiformes

Procellariiformes is an order of seabirds that comprises four families: the albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters, and 2 families of storm petrels.

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Pseudaptenodytes

The extinct penguin genus Pseudaptenodytes contains the type species P. macraei; smaller bones have been assigned to P. minor, although it is not certain whether they are really from a different species or simply of younger individuals; both taxa are known by an insufficient selection of bones.

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Puffin

Puffins are any of three small species of alcids (auks) in the bird genus Fratercula with a brightly coloured beak during the breeding season.

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Pygoscelis

The genus Pygoscelis ("rump-legged") contains three living species of penguins collectively known as "brush-tailed penguins".

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Quaternary glaciation

The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Quaternary Ice Age or Pleistocene glaciation, is a series of glacial events separated by interglacial events during the Quaternary period from 2.58 Ma (million years ago) to present.

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Rail (bird)

The rails, or Rallidae, are a large cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized ground-living birds.

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Richard Bowdler Sharpe

Richard Bowdler Sharpe (22 November 1847 – 25 December 1909) was an English zoologist and ornithologist who worked as curator of the bird collection at the British Museum of natural history.

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Rockhopper penguin

The rockhopper penguins are three closely related taxa of crested penguins that have been traditionally treated as a single species and are sometimes split into three species.

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Ross Piper

Ross Piper is a British zoologist, entomologist, and explorer.

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Ross Sea

The Ross Sea is a deep bay of the Southern Ocean in Antarctica, between Victoria Land and Marie Byrd Land and within the Ross Embayment.

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Roy and Silo

Roy and Silo (born 1987) are chinstrap penguins which were a same-sex male pair in New York City's Central Park Zoo.

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Royal penguin

The royal penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli) is a species of penguin, which can be found on the sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island and adjacent islands.

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Rupelian

The Rupelian is, in the geologic timescale, the older of two ages or the lower of two stages of the Oligocene epoch/series.

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Seabird

Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment.

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Sega

Sega Games Co., Ltd., originally short for Service Games and officially styled as SEGA, is a Japanese multinational video game developer and publisher headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, with offices around the world.

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Seymour Island

Seymour Island is an island in the chain of 16 major islands around the tip of the Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula.

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Shark

Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.

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Sister group

A sister group or sister taxon is a phylogenetic term denoting the closest relatives of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.

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Sled dog

Sled dogs were important for transportation in arctic areas, hauling supplies in areas that were inaccessible by other methods.

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Snares penguin

The Snares penguin (Eudyptes robustus), also known as the Snares crested penguin and the Snares Islands penguin, is a penguin from New Zealand.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South America

South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Southern Hemisphere

The Southern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is south of the Equator.

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Southern rockhopper penguin

The southern rockhopper penguin group (Eudyptes chrysocome), are two subspecies of rockhopper penguin, that together are sometimes considered distinct from the northern rockhopper penguin.

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Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.

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Species

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.

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Squid

Squid are cephalopods of the two orders Myopsida and Oegopsida, which were formerly regarded as two suborders of the order Teuthida, however recent research shows Teuthida to be paraphyletic.

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Stephen Fry

Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957) is an English comedian, actor, writer, presenter, and activist.

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Steve Bell (cartoonist)

Steven Bell (born 26 February 1951) is an English political cartoonist, whose work appears in The Guardian and other publications.

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Stork

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills.

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Subantarctic

The Subantarctic is a region in the southern hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region.

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Subfamily

In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: subfamilia, plural subfamiliae) is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus.

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Supraorbital gland

The supraorbital gland is a type of lateral nasal gland found in some species of marine birds, particularly penguins, which removes sodium chloride from the bloodstream.

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Surf's Up (film)

Surf's Up is a 2007 American computer-animated mockumentary film directed by Ash Brannon and Chris Buck.

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Tail

The tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso.

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Taxonomy (biology)

Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.

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Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand

Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand is an online encyclopedia created by the Ministry for Culture and Heritage of the New Zealand Government.

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Temperate climate

In geography, the temperate or tepid climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.

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Tereingaornis

Tereingaornis moisleyi, also referred to as Moisley's penguin, is a genus and species of extinct penguin from the Middle Pliocene of New Zealand.

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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) is an American dictionary of English published by Boston publisher Houghton Mifflin, the first edition of which appeared in 1969.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Penguins of Madagascar

The Penguins of Madagascar is an American CGI animated television series that had aired on Nickelodeon.

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Toothed whale

The toothed whales (systematic name Odontoceti) are a parvorder of cetaceans that includes dolphins, porpoises, and all other whales possessing teeth, such as the beaked whales and sperm whales.

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Tortonian

The Tortonian is in the geologic timescale an age or stage of the late Miocene that spans the time between 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma and 7.246 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago).

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Vestigiality

Vestigiality is the retention during the process of evolution of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of their ancestral function in a given species.

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Waimanu

Waimanu is a genus of early penguin which lived during the Paleocene soon after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.

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Waitaha penguin

The Waitaha penguin (Megadyptes waitaha) is an extinct species of New Zealand penguin discovered in November 2008.

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Water bird

The term water bird, waterbird or aquatic bird (not to be confused with wading birds) is used to refer to birds that live on or around water.

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Welsh language

Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a member of the Brittonic branch of the Celtic languages.

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White Head Island

White Head Island is a Canadian island located in the Bay of Fundy.

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White tie

White tie, also called full evening dress or a dress suit, is the most formal evening dress code in Western high fashion.

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White-flippered penguin

The white-flippered penguin (Eudyptula minor albosignata) is a small penguin about tall and weighing.

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Wing

A wing is a type of fin that produces lift, while moving through air or some other fluid.

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Year

A year is the orbital period of the Earth moving in its orbit around the Sun.

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Yellow-eyed penguin

The yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) or hoiho is a penguin native to New Zealand.

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Youngstown State Penguins

The Youngstown State Penguins are the athletic teams of Youngstown State University of Youngstown, Ohio.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin

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