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241 relations: Acacia koa, Adze, Aeolian landform, Agrostis, Ahupuaa, Air pollution, Akaka Falls State Park, Aliʻi, Alkali basalt, Allopatric speciation, Alpine climate, Alpine lake, Alpine tundra, Altitude sickness, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Geophysical Union, Ancient Hawaii, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Antifreeze protein, Astronomical object, Astronomical seeing, Basalt, Before Present, Biological Conservation (journal), Birdwatching, Bishop Museum, California Institute of Technology, Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, Cenozoic, Chamber of commerce, Chital, Cinder cone, Civilian Conservation Corps, Cloud cover, Coprosma, Critically endangered, Crop rotation, David Douglas (botanist), Douglas fir, Earthjustice, Ecological Society of America, Ecology (journal), Electromagnetic spectrum, Elsevier, Endangered species, Endangered Species Act of 1973, Endemism, Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands, Environment of Hawaii, ..., Erosion, Eucalyptus, Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes, Explosive eruption, Extinct in the wild, Extinction, ʻAkiapolaʻau, Feral, Forest tent caterpillar moth, Four-wheel drive, Gabbro, Game (hunting), Geological Society of America, George Vancouver, Gerard Kuiper, Glacier, Global Volcanism Program, Governing boards of colleges and universities in the United States, Grazing, Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hamakua, Harvard University, Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaiʻi creeper, Hawaiʻi ʻakepa, Hawaii (island), Hawaii Center for Volcanology, Hawaii County, Hawaii, Hawaii hotspot, Hawaii Route 200, Hawaiian crow, Hawaiian hawk, Hawaiian hoary bat, Hawaiian Islands, Hawaiian language, Hawaiian petrel, Hawaiian religion, Hawaiian tropical dry forests, Hawaiian tropical high shrublands, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, Hawaiite, Herbaceous plant, Hilo, Hawaii, HMS Blonde (1819), Hotspot (geology), Hualālai, Hubble Space Telescope, Ice age, Ice cap, Infiltration (hydrology), Infrared astronomy, Institute for Astronomy, International Mountain Society, Invasive species, Inversion (meteorology), James Cook, John Palmer Parker (rancher), Kailua, Hawaii County, Hawaii, Kalopa State Recreation Area, Kamehameha I, Kapu, Kīlauea, Kīpuka, Kealakekua, Hawaii, Kingdom of Hawaii, Kohala (mountain), Kona District, Hawaii, Lake Waiau, Land grant, Lava, Lava dome, Lava-flow hazard zones, Light pollution, List of islands by highest point, List of missionaries to Hawaii, List of mountain peaks of Hawaii, List of mountain peaks of the United States, List of peaks by prominence, List of tallest mountains in the Solar System, List of the highest major summits of the United States, List of the most isolated major summits of the United States, List of the most prominent summits of the United States, List of U.S. states and territories by elevation, List of Ultras of Oceania, List of volcanoes in the United States, Lithosphere, Lonely Planet, Lowell Observatory, Magma, Mantle (geology), Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., Maui, Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve, Mauna Kea Observatories, Mauna Kea silversword, Mauna Kea State Recreation Area, Mauna Kea Trail, Mauna Loa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Montane ecosystems, Moraine, Mouflon, Mount Everest, Mugearite, Myoporum sandwicense, NASA, National Audubon Society, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Nature (journal), Nature Publishing Group, Nene (bird), Nysius, Nysius aa, Observational astronomy, Onizuka Center for International Astronomy, Oxford University Press, Pacific Ocean, Pacific Plate, Pacific Science, Palila, Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Park ranger, Parker Ranch, Permafrost, Permeability (earth sciences), Pheasant, Phreatic eruption, Poa annua, Pohakuloa Training Area, Poliʻahu, Polynesian rat, Pu'u Huluhulu (Hawaii Route 200), Pulp (paper), Quail, Queen Emma of Hawaii, Radiocarbon dating, Rainbow Falls (Hawaii), Ranch, Rift zone, Sacred mountains, Science (journal), Shield volcano, Slip (materials science), Snow line, Sonchus oleraceus, Sophora chrysophylla, Stratum, Styphelia tameiameiae, Subduction, Subglacial eruption, Submillimetre astronomy, Sugar plantations in Hawaii, Sugarcane, Supreme Court of Hawaii, Systematic Biology, Taraxacum officinale, Terminal moraine, Tetramolopium, Thirty Meter Telescope, Thirty Meter Telescope protests, Tholeiitic magma series, Threatened species, Till, Tiltmeter, Topographic isolation, Trade winds, Tree line, Trisetum, Turbulence, U.S. National Geodetic Survey, UH88, Ungulate, United States Air Force, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Geological Survey, University of Arizona, University of California, University of Hawaii, University of Hawaii at Hilo, University of Hawaii Press, Viscosity, Volcanic glass, Volcanism, Volcano, Water retention curve, Wēkiu bug, Wolf spider, Woody plant. Expand index (191 more) »
Acacia koa
Acacia koa is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae.
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Adze
The adze (alternative spelling: adz) is a cutting tool shaped somewhat like an axe that dates back to the stone age.
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Aeolian landform
Aeolian landforms are features of the Earth's surface produced by either the erosive or constructive action of the wind.
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Agrostis
Agrostis (bent or bentgrass) is a large and very nearly cosmopolitan genus of plants in the grass family, found in nearly all the countries in the world.
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Ahupuaa
Ahupuaʻa is an old Hawaiian term for a large traditional socioeconomic, geologic, and climatic subdivision of land (comparable to the tapere in the Southern Cook Islands).
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Air pollution
Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere.
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Akaka Falls State Park
Akaka Falls State Park is a state park on Hawaiokinai Island, in the U.S. state of Hawaii.
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Aliʻi
Aliʻi is a word in the Hawaiian language that refers to the hereditary line of rulers, the noho ali'i, of the Hawaiian Islands.
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Alkali basalt
Alkali basalt or alkali olivine basalt is a fine-grained, dark-coloured, volcanic rock characterized by phenocrysts of olivine, titanium-rich augite, plagioclase feldspar and iron oxides.
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Allopatric speciation
Allopatric speciation (from the ancient Greek allos, meaning "other", and patris, meaning "fatherland"), also referred to as geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name, the dumbbell model, is a mode of speciation that occurs when biological populations of the same species become isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with genetic interchange.
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Alpine climate
Alpine climate is the average weather (climate) for the regions above the tree line.
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Alpine lake
Alpine lakes are classified as lakes or reservoirs at high altitudes, usually starting around 5,000 feet (1524 metres) in elevation above sea level or above the tree line.
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Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high altitude.
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Altitude sickness
Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), is a negative health effect of high altitude, caused by acute exposure to low amounts of oxygen at high altitude.
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.
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American Geophysical Union
The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of geophysicists, consisting of over 62,000 members from 144 countries.
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Ancient Hawaii
Ancient Hawaii is the period of Hawaiian human history preceding the unification in 1810 of the Kingdom of Hawaiokinai by Kamehameha the Great.
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Anthoxanthum odoratum
Anthoxanthum odoratum, also known as sweet vernal grass, holy grass, vanilla grass, or buffalo grass, is a flowering plant in the grass family Poaceae.
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Antifreeze protein
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins (ISPs) refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain vertebrates, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in subzero environments.
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Astronomical object
An astronomical object or celestial object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists in the observable universe.
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Astronomical seeing
Astronomical seeing is the blurring and twinkling of astronomical objects like stars due to turbulent mixing in the Earth's atmosphere, causing variations of the optical refractive index.
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Basalt
Basalt is a common extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of a planet or moon.
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Before Present
Before Present (BP) years is a time scale used mainly in geology and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred in the past.
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Biological Conservation (journal)
Biological Conservation is a peer-reviewed journal of conservation biology.
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Birdwatching
Birdwatching, or birding, is a form of wildlife observation in which the observation of birds is a recreational activity or citizen science.
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Bishop Museum
The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, designated the Hawaii State Museum of Natural and Cultural History, is a museum of history and science in the historic Kalihi district of Honolulu on the Hawaiian island of O'ahu.
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California Institute of Technology
The California Institute of Technology (abbreviated Caltech)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; other spellings such as.
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Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
The Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) is a 10.4-meter (34 ft) diameter submillimeter wavelength telescope situated alongside the 15-meter (49 ft) James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) at Mauna Kea Observatories.
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Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope
The Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) is located near the summit of Mauna Kea mountain on Hawaii's Big Island at an altitude of 4,204 meters (13,793 feet), and is one of the observatories that comprise the Mauna Kea Observatories.
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Cenozoic
The Cenozoic Era meaning "new life", is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras, following the Mesozoic Era and, extending from 66 million years ago to the present day.
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Chamber of commerce
A chamber of commerce (or board of trade) is a form of business network, for example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses.
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Chital
The chital or cheetal (Axis axis), also known as spotted deer or axis deer, is a species of deer that is native in the Indian subcontinent.
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Cinder cone
A cinder cone or scoria cone is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as either volcanic clinkers, cinders, volcanic ash, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent.
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Civilian Conservation Corps
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men.
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Cloud cover
'Cloud cover' (also known as 'cloudiness', 'cloudage', or 'cloud amount') refers to the fraction of the sky obscured by clouds when observed from a particular location.
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Coprosma
Coprosma is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family.
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Critically endangered
A critically endangered (CR) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
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Crop rotation
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons.
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David Douglas (botanist)
David Douglas (25 June 1799 – 12 July 1834) was a British botanist, best known as the namesake of the Douglas-fir.
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Douglas fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii, commonly known as Douglas fir, Douglas-fir and Oregon pine, is an evergreen conifer species native to western North America.
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Earthjustice
Earthjustice (originally Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund) is a non-profit public interest organization based in the United States dedicated to litigating environmental issues.
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Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a professional organization of ecological scientists.
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Ecology (journal)
Ecology is a scientific journal that publishes research and synthesizes papers in the field of ecology.
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Electromagnetic spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.
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Elsevier
Elsevier is an information and analytics company and one of the world's major providers of scientific, technical, and medical information.
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Endangered species
An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct.
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Endangered Species Act of 1973
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.) is one of the few dozens of US environmental laws passed in the 1970s, and serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
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Endemism
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.
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Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands
Located about 2300 miles (3680 km) from the nearest continental shore, the Hawaiian Islands are the most isolated group of islands on the planet.
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Environment of Hawaii
Hawaii is one of fifty states of the U.S. and covers the Hawaiian Islands, a volcanic archipelago consisting of eight major islands, several atolls and numerous smaller islets.
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Erosion
In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).
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Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus L'Héritier 1789 (plural eucalypti, eucalyptuses or eucalypts) is a diverse genus of flowering trees and shrubs (including a distinct group with a multiple-stem mallee growth habit) in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae.
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Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
The fifteen volcanoes that make up the eight principal islands of Hawaii are the youngest in a chain of more than 129 volcanoes that stretch across the North Pacific Ocean, called the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain.
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Explosive eruption
In volcanology, an explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type.
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Extinct in the wild
An extinct in the wild (EW) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as only known by living members kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range due to massive habitat loss.
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Extinction
In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.
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ʻAkiapolaʻau
The akiapōlāau (Hemignathus wilsoni), pronounced ah-kee-ah-POH-LAH-OW, is a species of Hawaiian honeycreeper, that is endemic to the island of Hawaii.
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Feral
A feral animal or plant (from Latin fera, "a wild beast") is one that lives in the wild but is descended from domesticated individuals.
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Forest tent caterpillar moth
The Forest tent caterpillar moth (Malacosoma disstria) is a North American moth found throughout the United States and Canada, especially in the eastern regions.
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Four-wheel drive
Four-wheel drive, also called 4×4 ("four by four") or 4WD, refers to a two-axled vehicle drivetrain capable of providing torque to all of its wheels simultaneously.
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Gabbro
Gabbro refers to a large group of dark, often phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rocks chemically equivalent to basalt, being its coarse-grained analogue.
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Game (hunting)
Game or quarry is any animal hunted for sport or for food.
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Geological Society of America
The Geological Society of America (GSA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of the geosciences.
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George Vancouver
Captain George Vancouver (22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798) was a British officer of the Royal Navy, best known for his 1791–95 expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of contemporary Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon.
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Gerard Kuiper
Gerard Peter Kuiper (born Gerrit Pieter Kuiper; December 7, 1905 – December 23, 1973) was a Dutch–American astronomer, planetary scientist, selenographer, author and professor.
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Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries.
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Global Volcanism Program
The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) documents Earth's volcanoes and their eruptive history over the past 10,000 years.
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Governing boards of colleges and universities in the United States
In the United States, a board often governs institutions of higher education, including private universities, state universities and community colleges.
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Grazing
Grazing is a method of feeding in which a herbivore feeds on plants such as grasses, or other multicellular organisms such as algae.
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Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge
Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge is a protected area on the Big Island of Hawaiokinai.
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Hamakua
Hāmākua is a district on the northeast coast of Hawaiokinai's Big Island, administered by the County of Hawaiokinai in the state of Hawaiokinai.
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources
The Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) is a part of the Hawaiʻi state government dedicated to managing, administering, and excerising control over public lands, water resources and streams, ocean waters, coastal areas, minerals, and other natural resources of the state of Hawaiʻi.
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Hawaiʻi creeper
The Hawaii creeper, Hawaii creeper or ʻalawī (Loxops mana) is a species of Hawaiian honeycreeper, that is endemic to the Big Island of Hawaiokinai.
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Hawaiʻi ʻakepa
The Hawaiʻi ʻakepa (Loxops coccineus) is an endangered ʻakepa native to Hawaiʻi in the Hawaiian Islands.
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Hawaii (island)
Hawaiʻi is the largest island located in the U.S. state of Hawaii.
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Hawaii Center for Volcanology
The Hawaii Center for Volcanology was a cooperative effort between the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the United States Geological Survey, and the Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes at the University of Hawaii at Hilo.
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Hawaii County, Hawaii
Hawaii County is a county located in the U.S. state of Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands.
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Hawaii hotspot
The Hawaii hotspot is a volcanic hotspot located near the namesake Hawaiian Islands, in the northern Pacific Ocean.
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Hawaii Route 200
Route 200, known locally as Saddle Road, traverses the width of the Island of Hawaiokinai, from downtown Hilo to its junction with Hawaii Route 190 near Waimea.
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Hawaiian crow
The Hawaiian crow or alalā (Corvus hawaiiensis) is a species of bird in the crow family, Corvidae, that is currently extinct in the wild, though reintroduction programs are underway.
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Hawaiian hawk
The Hawaiian hawk or io (Buteo solitarius) is a raptor of the Buteo genus endemic to Hawaiokinai, currently restricted to the Big Island.
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Hawaiian hoary bat
The Hawaiian hoary bat or ōpeapea (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) is an endangered subspecies of the hoary bat (family Vespertilionidae) that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.
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Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands (Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaiokinai in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll.
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Hawaiian language
The Hawaiian language (Hawaiian: Ōlelo Hawaii) is a Polynesian language that takes its name from Hawaiokinai, the largest island in the tropical North Pacific archipelago where it developed.
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Hawaiian petrel
The Hawaiian petrel or uau (Pterodroma sandwichensis) is a large, dark grey-brown and white petrel that is endemic to Hawaiokinai.
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Hawaiian religion
Hawaiian religion encompasses the indigenous religious beliefs and practices of the Native Hawaiians.
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Hawaiian tropical dry forests
The Hawaiian tropical dry forests are a tropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands.
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Hawaiian tropical high shrublands
The Hawaiian tropical high shrublands are a tropical savanna ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands.
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Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) is a volcano observatory located at Uwekahuna Bluff on the rim of Kīlauea Caldera on the Island of Hawaiokinai.
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Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is a mostly undersea mountain range in the Pacific Ocean that reaches above sea level in Hawaii.
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Hawaiite
Hawaiite is an olivine basalt with a composition between alkali basalt and mugearite.
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Herbaceous plant
Herbaceous plants (in botanical use frequently simply herbs) are plants that have no persistent woody stem above ground.
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Hilo, Hawaii
Hilo is the largest settlement and census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States, which encompasses the Island of HawaiOkinai.
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HMS Blonde (1819)
HMS Blonde was a 46-gun modified ''Apollo''-class fifth-rate frigate of 1,103 tons burthen.
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Hotspot (geology)
In geology, the places known as hotspots or hot spots are volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle.
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Hualālai
Hualālai (pronounced in Hawaiian) is an active volcano on the island of Hawaiokinai in the Hawaiian Islands.
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Hubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.
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Ice age
An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.
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Ice cap
An ice cap is a mass of ice that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area).
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Infiltration (hydrology)
Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.
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Infrared astronomy
Infrared astronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that studies astronomical objects visible in infrared (IR) radiation.
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Institute for Astronomy
The Institute for Astronomy (IfA) is a research unit within the University of Hawaii system, led by Robert McLaren as Acting Director.
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International Mountain Society
The International Mountain Society (IMS) is a scientific research society focusing on the dissemination of information about mountain research and mountain development throughout the world, but particularly in developing regions.
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Invasive species
An invasive species is a species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species), and that has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.
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Inversion (meteorology)
In meteorology, an inversion is a deviation from the normal change of an atmospheric property with altitude.
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James Cook
Captain James Cook (7 November 1728Old style date: 27 October14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the Royal Navy.
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John Palmer Parker (rancher)
John Palmer Parker (May 1, 1790 – August 20, 1868) was the founder of the Parker Ranch on the island of Hawaiokinai in Hawaii.
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Kailua, Hawaii County, Hawaii
Kailua is an unincorporated city (Census Designated Place) in Hawaiokinai County, Hawaii, United States, in the North Kona District of the Island of Hawaiokinai.
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Kalopa State Recreation Area
The Kalōpā Native Forest State Park and Recreation Area is a state park with an arboretum of native trees located approximately northwest of Hilo, near the village of Honokaokinaa, a few miles inland from the Mamalahoa Highway (Route 19) section of the Hawaii Belt Road, Island of Hawaiokinai, Hawaiokinai.
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Kamehameha I
Kamehameha I (– May 8 or 14, 1819), also known as Kamehameha the Great (full Hawaiian name: Kalani Paiea Wohi o Kaleikini Kealiikui Kamehameha o Iolani i Kaiwikapu kaui Ka Liholiho Kūnuiākea), was the founder and first ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
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Kapu
Kapu is the ancient Hawaiian code of conduct of laws and regulations.
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Kīlauea
Kīlauea is a currently active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, and the most active of the five volcanoes that together form the island of Hawaiokinai.
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Kīpuka
A kīpuka is an area of land surrounded by one or more younger lava flows.
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Kealakekua, Hawaii
Kealakekua is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaiokinai County, Hawaiokinai, United States.
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Kingdom of Hawaii
The Kingdom of Hawaiʻi originated in 1795 with the unification of the independent islands of Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu, Maui, Molokaʻi, and Lānaʻi under one government.
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Kohala (mountain)
Kohala is the oldest of five volcanoes that make up the island of Hawaii.
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Kona District, Hawaii
Kona is a moku or district on the Big Island of Hawaiokinai in the State of Hawaii.
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Lake Waiau
Lake Waiau is a high-elevation lake located at above sea level on Mauna Kea, on the island of Hawaiʻi.
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Land grant
A land grant is a gift of real estate – land or its use privileges – made by a government or other authority as an incentive, means of enabling works, or as a reward for services to an individual, especially in return for military service.
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Lava
Lava is molten rock generated by geothermal energy and expelled through fractures in planetary crust or in an eruption, usually at temperatures from.
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Lava dome
In volcanology, a lava dome or volcanic dome is a roughly circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano.
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Lava-flow hazard zones
Lava Flow Hazard Zones are areas designated by the United States Geological Survey for the Island of Hawaiokinai in the United States.
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Light pollution
Light pollution, also known as photopollution, is the presence of anthropogenic light in the night environment.
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List of islands by highest point
This is a list of islands in the world ordered by their highest point.
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List of missionaries to Hawaii
This is a list of missionaries to Hawaii.
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List of mountain peaks of Hawaii
This article comprises three sortable tables of the 13 major mountain peaks of the Hawaiian Islands and the U.S. State of Hawaiokinai.
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List of mountain peaks of the United States
This article comprises three sortable tables of major mountain peaksThis article defines a significant summit as a summit with at least of topographic prominence, and a major summit as a summit with at least of topographic prominence.
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List of peaks by prominence
This is a list of mountain peaks ordered by their topographic prominence.
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List of tallest mountains in the Solar System
This is a list of the tallest mountains in the Solar System.
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List of the highest major summits of the United States
The following sortable table comprises the 200 highest mountain peaks of the United States with at least of topographic prominence.
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List of the most isolated major summits of the United States
The following sortable table comprises the 200 most topographically isolated mountain peaks of the United States of America (excluding its territories) with at least of topographic prominence.
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List of the most prominent summits of the United States
The following sortable table comprises the 200 most topographically prominent mountain peaks of the United States of America.
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List of U.S. states and territories by elevation
The elevation of U.S. states and territories may be described in several ways.
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List of Ultras of Oceania
This is a list of the 67 ultra-prominent summits (with topographic prominence greater than 1,500 metres) of Oceania, plus the two Ultras of the Southern Indian Ocean.
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List of volcanoes in the United States
A list of volcanoes in the United States of America and its territories.
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Lithosphere
A lithosphere (λίθος for "rocky", and σφαίρα for "sphere") is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet, or natural satellite, that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties.
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Lonely Planet
Lonely Planet is the largest travel guide book publisher in the world.
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Lowell Observatory
Lowell Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, United States.
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Magma
Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.
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Mantle (geology)
The mantle is a layer inside a terrestrial planet and some other rocky planetary bodies.
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Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. is a privately held independent publishing company founded by its president, Mary Ann Liebert, in 1980.
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Maui
The island of Maui (Hawaiian) is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727.2 square miles (1,883 km2) and is the 17th-largest island in the United States.
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Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve
The Mauna Kea Ice Age Natural Area Reserve is a Hawaii state natural reserve that includes the Mauna Kea Adz Quarry, on the southern slope of Mauna Kea on the island of the Hawaiokinai.
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Mauna Kea Observatories
The Mauna Kea Observatories (MKO) are a number of independent astronomical research facilities and large telescope observatories that are located at the summit of Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi, United States.
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Mauna Kea silversword
Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp.
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Mauna Kea State Recreation Area
Mauna Kea State Recreation Area also known as Mauna Kea State Park, is a state of Hawaii protected area at the southern base of Mauna Kea.
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Mauna Kea Trail
The Mauna Kea Trail is considered the easiest route to hike to the summit of Mauna Kea volcano, the highest volcano on the island of Hawaokinai.
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Mauna Loa
Mauna Loa (or; Hawaiian:; Long Mountain) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean.
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Metrosideros polymorpha
Metrosideros polymorpha, the ōhia lehua, is a species of flowering evergreen tree in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae, that is endemic to the six largest islands of Hawaiokinai.
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Montane ecosystems
Montane ecosystems refers to any ecosystem found in mountains.
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Moraine
A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (regolith and rock) that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions on Earth (i.e. a past glacial maximum), through geomorphological processes.
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Mouflon
The mouflon (Ovis orientalis orientalis group) is a subspecies group of the wild sheep (Ovis orientalis).
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Mount Everest
Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.
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Mugearite
Mugearite is a type of oligoclase-bearing basalt, comprising olivine, apatite, and opaque oxides.
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Myoporum sandwicense
Myoporum sandwicense, commonly known as naio, bastard sandalwood or false sandalwood is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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National Audubon Society
The National Audubon Society (Audubon) is a non-profit environmental organization dedicated to conservation.
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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; pronounced, like "Noah") is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans, major waterways, and the atmosphere.
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National Weather Service
The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States Federal Government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Nature Publishing Group
Nature Publishing Group is a division of the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature that publishes academic journals, magazines, online databases, and services in science and medicine.
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Nene (bird)
The nene (Branta sandvicensis), also known as nēnē and Hawaiian goose, is a species of goose endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.
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Nysius
Nysius is a genus of false chinch bugs in the family Lygaeidae.
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Nysius aa
Nysius aa is a species of Wēkiu bug (a type of seed bug in the genus Nysius) endemic to the area around the summit of Mauna Loa, on the island of Hawaiokinai.
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Observational astronomy
Observational astronomy is a division of astronomy that is concerned with recording data about the observable universe, in contrast with theoretical astronomy, which is mainly concerned with calculating the measurable implications of physical models.
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Onizuka Center for International Astronomy
The Onizuka Center for International Astronomy, also known as Hale Pōhaku, is a complex of support facilities for the telescopes and other instruments that comprise the Mauna Kea Observatory atop Mauna Kea, on Hawaiokinai island.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions.
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Pacific Plate
The Pacific Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean.
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Pacific Science
Pacific Science is an international, multidisciplinary, academic journal devoted to the biological and physical sciences of the Pacific basin, focusing especially on biogeography, ecology, evolution, geology and volcanology, oceanography, palaeontology, and systematics.
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Palila
The palila (Loxioides bailleui) is a critically endangered finch-billed species of Hawaiian honeycreeper.
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Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources
Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources was an ecological court case pertaining to the Palila and the Māmane-Naio ecosystem of Mauna Kea.
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Park ranger
A park ranger, park warden, or forest ranger is a person entrusted with protecting and preserving parklands – national, state, provincial, or local parks.
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Parker Ranch
Parker Ranch is a working cattle ranch on the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii, now run by a charitable trust.
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Permafrost
In geology, permafrost is ground, including rock or (cryotic) soil, at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years.
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Permeability (earth sciences)
Permeability in fluid mechanics and the earth sciences (commonly symbolized as κ, or k) is a measure of the ability of a porous material (often, a rock or an unconsolidated material) to allow fluids to pass through it.
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Pheasant
Pheasants are birds of several genera within the subfamily Phasianinae, of the family Phasianidae in the order Galliformes.
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Phreatic eruption
A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground or surface water.
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Poa annua
Poa annua, or annual meadow grass (known in America more commonly as annual bluegrass or simply poa), is a widespread low-growing turfgrass in temperate climates.
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Pohakuloa Training Area
Pōhakuloa Training Area (PTA) is located on the island of Hawaiokinai in the high plateau between Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea and the Hualālai volcanic mountains.
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Poliʻahu
In Hawaiian mythology, Poliahu is one of the four goddesses of snow, all enemies of Pele.
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Polynesian rat
The Polynesian rat, or Pacific rat (Rattus exulans), known to the Māori as kiore, is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat.
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Pu'u Huluhulu (Hawaii Route 200)
This Pu'u Huluhulu is a kīpuka, an older volcanic hill covered with vegetation among the younger lava flow.
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Pulp (paper)
Pulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibres from wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags.
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Quail
Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally placed in the order Galliformes.
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Queen Emma of Hawaii
Emma Kalanikaumakaamano Kaleleonālani Naea Rooke of Hawaii (January 2, 1836 – April 25, 1885) was queen consort of King Kamehameha IV from 1856 to his death in 1863.
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Radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
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Rainbow Falls (Hawaii)
Rainbow (Waiānuenue) Falls is a waterfall located in Hilo, Hawaii.
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Ranch
A ranch is an area of land, including various structures, given primarily to the practice of ranching, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cattle or sheep for meat or wool.
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Rift zone
A rift zone is a feature of some volcanoes, especially shield volcanoes, in which a linear series of cracks (or rifts) develops in a volcanic edifice, typically forming into two or three well-defined regions along the flanks of the vent.
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Sacred mountains
Sacred mountains are central to certain religions and are the subjects of many legends.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Shield volcano
A shield volcano is a type of volcano usually composed almost entirely of fluid lava flows.
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Slip (materials science)
In materials science, a slip system describes the set of symmetrically identical slip planes and associated family of slip directions for which dislocation motion can easily occur and lead to plastic deformation.
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Snow line
The climatic snow line is the boundary between a snow-covered and snow-free surface.
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Sonchus oleraceus
Sonchus oleraceus, with many common names including common sowthistle, sow thistle, smooth sow thistle, annual sow thistle, hare's colwort, hare's thistle, milky tassel, milk thistle, soft thistle, or swinies, is a plant in the dandelion tribe within the daisy family.
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Sophora chrysophylla
Sophora chrysophylla, known as Māmane in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering plant in the pea and bean family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii.
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Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of sedimentary rock or soil, or igneous rock that were formed at the Earth's surface, with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers.
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Styphelia tameiameiae
Styphelia tameiameiae, known as pūkiawe or maiele in the Hawaiian language, is a species of flowering plant in the heather family, Ericaceae, that is native to the Hawaiian and Marquesas Islands.
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Subduction
Subduction is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into the mantle.
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Subglacial eruption
Subglacial eruptions, those of ice-covered volcanoes, result in the interaction of magma with ice and snow, leading to meltwater formation, jökulhlaups, and lahars.
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Submillimetre astronomy
Submillimetre astronomy or submillimeter astronomy (see spelling differences) is the branch of observational astronomy that is conducted at submillimetre wavelengths (i.e., terahertz radiation) of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Sugar plantations in Hawaii
Sugarcane was introduced to Hawaii by its first inhabitants and was observed by Captain Hegwood upon arrival in the islands in 1841Deerr, 1949 Sugar quickly turned into a big business and generated rapid population growth in the islands with 337,000 people immigrating over the span of a century.
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Sugarcane
Sugarcane, or sugar cane, are several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South and Southeast Asia, Polynesia and Melanesia, and used for sugar production.
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Supreme Court of Hawaii
The Supreme Court of Hawaii is the highest court of the State of Hawaii in the United States.
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Systematic Biology
Systematic Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists.
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Taraxacum officinale
Taraxacum officinale, the common dandelion (often simply called "dandelion"), is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae (Compositae).
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Terminal moraine
A terminal moraine, also called end moraine, is a type of moraine that forms at the snout (edge) of a glacier, marking its maximum advance.
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Tetramolopium
Tetramolopium is a genus of plants in the aster tribe within the daisy family.
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Thirty Meter Telescope
The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is a proposed astronomical observatory with an extremely large telescope (ELT) that has become the source of controversy over its planned location on Mauna Kea on the island of Hawaii in the US state of Hawaii.
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Thirty Meter Telescope protests
The Thirty Meter Telescope protests are a series of protests and demonstrations that began on the Island of Hawaii in the United States over the choosing of Mauna Kea for the site location of the Thirty Meter Telescope.
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Tholeiitic magma series
The tholeiitic magma series, named after the German municipality of Tholey, is one of two main magma series in igneous rocks, the other being the calc-alkaline series.
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Threatened species
Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants, fungi, etc.) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future.
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Till
Closeup of glacial till. Note that the larger grains (pebbles and gravel) in the till are completely surrounded by the matrix of finer material (silt and sand), and this characteristic, known as ''matrix support'', is diagnostic of till. Glacial till with tufts of grass Till or glacial till is unsorted glacial sediment.
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Tiltmeter
A tiltmeter is a sensitive inclinometer designed to measure very small changes from the vertical level, either on the ground or in structures.
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Topographic isolation
The topographic isolation of a summit is the minimum great-circle distance to a point of equal elevation, representing a radius of dominance in which the peak is the highest point.
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Trade winds
The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, in the lower section of the troposphere near the Earth's equator.
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Tree line
The tree line is the edge of the habitat at which trees are capable of growing.
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Trisetum
Trisetum is a genus of plants in the grass family, widespread in temperate, subarctic, and alpine habitats in much of the world.
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Turbulence
In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is any pattern of fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity.
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U.S. National Geodetic Survey
The National Geodetic Survey (NGS), formerly the United States Survey of the Coast (1807–1836), United States Coast Survey (1836–1878), and United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (USC&GS) (1878–1970), is a United States federal agency that defines and manages a national coordinate system, providing the foundation for transportation and communication; mapping and charting; and a large number of applications of science and engineering.
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UH88
The University of Hawai'i 88-inch (2.24-meter) telescope called UH88, UH2.2, or simply 88 by members of the local astronomical community is situated at the Mauna Kea Observatories and operated by the University's Institute for Astronomy.
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Ungulate
Ungulates (pronounced) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami.
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United States Air Force
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial and space warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.
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United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (in case citations, 9th Cir.) is a U.S. Federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts.
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United States Fish and Wildlife Service
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS or FWS) is an agency of the federal government within the U.S. Department of the Interior dedicated to the management of fish, wildlife, and natural habitats.
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United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.
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University of Arizona
The University of Arizona (also referred to as U of A, UA, or Arizona) is a public research university in Tucson, Arizona.
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University of California
The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the US state of California.
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University of Hawaii
The University of Hawaiʻi system (formally the University of Hawaiʻi and popularly known as UH) is a public, co-educational college and university system that confers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees through three university campuses, seven community college campuses, an employment training center, three university centers, four education centers and various other research facilities distributed across six islands throughout the State of Hawaii in the United States.
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University of Hawaii at Hilo
The University of Hawaii at Hilo or UH Hilo is a public co-educational university in Hilo, Hawaiokinai, United States.
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University of Hawaii Press
The University of Hawaii Press is a university press that is part of the University of Hawaiokinai.
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Viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.
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Volcanic glass
Volcanic glass is the amorphous (uncrystallized) product of rapidly cooling magma.
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Volcanism
Volcanism is the phenomenon of eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of the Earth or a solid-surface planet or moon, where lava, pyroclastics and volcanic gases erupt through a break in the surface called a vent.
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Volcano
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
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Water retention curve
Water retention curve is the relationship between the water content, θ, and the soil water potential, ψ. This curve is characteristic for different types of soil, and is also called the soil moisture characteristic.
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Wēkiu bug
Wēkiu bug is the name given to two species of closely related seed bugs in the genus Nysius that inhabit high elevations on the island of Hawaiokinai.
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Wolf spider
Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae, from the Ancient Greek word "λύκος" meaning "wolf".
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Woody plant
A woody plant is a plant that produces wood as its structural tissue.
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Redirects here:
Mauna Kea (Hawaii), Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Mauna a Wākea, Mauna kea, Maunakea, Muana Kea.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauna_Kea
