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34 relations: Antigen, Bacteria, C-C chemokine receptor type 7, Cancer, CD4, CD44, CD8, Cell division, Cell growth, Cytokine, Cytotoxic T cell, Cytotoxicity, Immune response, Infection, Inflammatory bowel disease, Integrin, L-selectin, Lipid metabolism, Lymph node, Memory B cell, Microorganism, Naive T cell, Phosphorylation, Psoriasis, PTPRC, Rheumatoid arthritis, STAT5, Stem cell, T cell, T helper cell, Transcription factor, V(D)J recombination, Vaccination, Virus.
Antigen
In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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C-C chemokine receptor type 7
C-C chemokine receptor type 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCR7 gene.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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CD4
In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
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CD44
The CD44 antigen is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell–cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration.
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CD8
CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR).
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Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
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Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction).
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Cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are important in cell signaling.
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Cytotoxic T cell
A cytotoxic T cell (also known as TC, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL, T-killer cell, cytolytic T cell, CD8+ T-cell or killer T cell) is a T lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected (particularly with viruses), or cells that are damaged in other ways.
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Cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells.
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Immune response
The Immune response is the body's response caused by its immune system being activated by antigens.
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Infection
Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.
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Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine.
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Integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion.
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L-selectin
L-selectin, also known as CD62L, is a cell adhesion molecule found on lymphocytes and the preimplantation embryo.
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Lipid metabolism
Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the break down or storage of fats for energy.
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Lymph node
A lymph node or lymph gland is an ovoid or kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system, and of the adaptive immune system, that is widely present throughout the body.
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Memory B cell
Memory B cells are a B cell sub-type that are formed within germinal centers following primary infection and are important in generating an accelerated and more robust antibody-mediated immune response in the case of re-infection (also known as a secondary immune response).
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Naive T cell
A naïve T cell (Th0 cell) is a T cell that has differentiated in bone marrow, and successfully undergone the positive and negative processes of central selection in the thymus.
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Phosphorylation
In chemistry, phosphorylation of a molecule is the attachment of a phosphoryl group.
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Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin.
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PTPRC
Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C also known as PTPRC is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the PTPRC gene.
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.
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STAT5
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) refers to two highly related proteins, STAT5A and STAT5B, which are part of the seven-membered STAT family of proteins.
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Stem cell
Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.
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T cell
A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
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T helper cell
The T helper cells (Th cells) are a type of T cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system.
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Transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
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V(D)J recombination
V(D)J recombination is the unique mechanism of genetic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation.
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Vaccination
Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen.
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Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.
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Central memory T-cell, Memory CD4+ cells, Memory T Cells, Memory T cells, Memory T lymphocyte, Memory T lymphocytes, Memory T-cells, Memory t cell, T lymphocyte proliferation assay, Tissue-resident memory T cell.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_T_cell
