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226 relations: Aberdeen, Adalbert of Prague, Aldi, Alytus, American football, Andrzej Jerzy Lech, Anna Brzezińska (writer), Art Nouveau, Austria, Świerkle, Żerkowice, Opole Voivodeship, Baby food, Bank Pekao, Battle of Mohács, Bełżec extermination camp, Belgorod, Biedronka, Bohemia, Bolesław III Wrymouth, Bolesław Polnar, Bolko I of Opole, Borki, Opole Voivodeship, Bronisław Koraszewski, Bruntál, Brzeg, Brzezie, Opole Voivodeship, Canal, Carrara, Casimir I of Opole, Castellan, Cement, Census, Central European Summer Time, Central European Time, Chester Marcol, Chmielowice, Opole Voivodeship, Christian cross, Civic Platform, Columbia Encyclopedia, Columbia University Press, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Czarnowąsy, Czech Republic, Danone, Danuta Jazłowiecka, Dęblin, Defensive wall, Deichmann SE, Democratic Left Alliance, Deutsche Bank, ..., Dobrzeń Mały, Duchy of Opole, Duchy of Racibórz, Duke of Opole, Eastern Bloc, Economy of France, Economy of Germany, Economy of the Netherlands, Economy of the United States, Edmund Osmańczyk, Emigration from Poland to Germany after World War II, Emin Pasha, Fantasy, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand von Prondzynski, Finland, Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50), Food industry, France, Franciscans, Frederick the Great, German Empire, German language, German minority in Poland, German town law, Germans, Germany, Germany national football team, Ghetto, Gord (archaeology), Graphic designer, Grasse, Green Bay Packers, Habsburg Monarchy, Henryk Kroll, Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, Indigenous language, Ingolstadt, Invasion of Poland, Italy, Ivano-Frankivsk, Jakub Kania, Jan II the Good, Jan Kasprowicz, Józef Stępkowski, Jerzy Buzek, Jerzy Grotowski, Joachim Prinz, John II Casimir Vasa, Karczów, Opole Voivodeship, Karolina Wydra, Katowice Voivodeship, Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of Prussia, Krzanowice, Opole Voivodeship, Krzysztof Szramiak, Kuopio, Lafarge (company), Law and Justice, League of Polish Families, Leo Baeck, Leszek Korzeniowski, Lidl, Limestone, List of Polish monarchs, Lithuania, Louis II of Hungary, Lower Silesia, Magdeburg rights, Marcin Pontus, Marek Kawa, Mausoleum, Mülheim, MediaMarktSaturn Retail Group, Member of parliament, Metro AG, Metro Cash and Carry, Middle Ages, Mieczysław Walkiewicz, Mieszko I of Poland, Miroslav Klose, National Festival of Polish Song in Opole, Nazi Germany, Netto (store), Nicholas II of Niemodlin, Nutricia, Oder, Opolans, Opole (administrative), Opole County, Opole Główne railway station, Opole University of Technology, Opole Voivodeship, Opole Zoo, Oscar Slater, Paul Kleinert, Pharmacy (shop), Piast dynasty, PKO Bank Polski, Poland, Poles, Polish language, Polish People's Republic, Pope John Paul II, Potsdam, Potsdam Agreement, Potsdam Conference, Powiat, President of the European Parliament, Prime Minister of Poland, Province of Upper Silesia, Prussia, Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole, Racibórz, Raiffeisen Zentralbank, Real (hypermarket), Recovered Territories, Regierungsbezirk, Reich Chancellery, Renaissance, Roanoke, Virginia, Robert Gordon University, Rochus Misch, Rossmann (company), Russia, Ryszard Galla, Ryszard Knosala, Sandra Lewandowska, Sławice, Sławomir Kłosowski, Scotland, Seat of local government, Second Polish Republic, Sejm, Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland, Senate, Silesia, Silesian German, Silesian language, Silesian Uprisings, Silesian Wars, Sister city, Slavs, Sobibór extermination camp, Solaris Center, Stream bed, Székesfehérvár, Szymon Koszyk, Tadeusz Jarmuziewicz, Teresa Ceglecka-Zielonka, Tomasz Garbowski, Treaty of Breslau, Ukraine, Unification of Germany, United States, University of Opole, Upper Silesia, Upper Silesia plebiscite, Valve, Vehicle registration plates of Poland, Vienna, Vladislaus II of Opole, Voivodeships of Poland, Władysław II the Exile, Weimar Republic, West Germany, Winów, World War I, World War II, Wrocław, Wrzoski, Opole Voivodeship, WSB Universities, Zott, 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, 8th century. Expand index (176 more) »
Aberdeen
Aberdeen (Aiberdeen,; Obar Dheathain; Aberdonia) is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 37th most populous built-up area, with an official population estimate of 196,670 for the city of Aberdeen and for the local authority area.
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Adalbert of Prague
Adalbert of Prague (Adalbertus / Wojciech Sławnikowic); 95623 April 997), known in Czech by his birth name Vojtěch (Voitecus), was a Bohemian missionary and Christian saint. He was the Bishop of Prague and a missionary to the Hungarians, Poles, and Prussians, who was martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic Prussians to Christianity. He is said to be the composer of the oldest Czech hymn Hospodine, pomiluj ny and Bogurodzica, the oldest known Polish hymn, but the authorship has not confirmed. St. Adalbert (or St.
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Aldi
Aldi (stylised as ALDI) is the common brand of two German discount supermarket chains with over 10,000 stores in 20 countries, and an estimated combined turnover of more than €50 billion.
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Alytus
Alytus is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania.
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American football
American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.
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Andrzej Jerzy Lech
Andrzej Jerzy Lech - Born January 22, 1955 in Wrocław, Poland, is a Polish artist and photographer.
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Anna Brzezińska (writer)
Anna Brzezińska (born 1971) is a Polish fantasy author.
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Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, that was most popular between 1890 and 1910.
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Austria
Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.
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Świerkle
Świerkle (German Horst) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Żerkowice, Opole Voivodeship
Żerkowice (German Zirkowitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komprachcice, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Baby food
Baby food is any soft, easily consumed food other than breastmilk or infant formula that is made specifically for human babies between four to six months and two years old.
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Bank Pekao
Bank Polska Kasa Opieki Spółka Akcyjna, commonly using the shorter name Bank Pekao S.A., is a universal bank and currently the second largest bank in Poland with its headquarters in Warsaw.
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Battle of Mohács
The Battle of Mohács (Mohácsi csata, Mohaç Meydan Muharebesi) was one of the most consequential battles in Central European history.
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Bełżec extermination camp
Bełżec (in Belzec) was a Nazi German extermination camp built by the SS for the purpose of implementing the secretive Operation Reinhard, the plan to eradicate Polish Jewry, a key part of the "Final Solution" which entailed the murder of some 6 million Jews in the Holocaust.
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Belgorod
Belgorod (p) is a city and the administrative center of Belgorod Oblast, Russia, located on the Seversky Donets River north of the border with Ukraine.
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Biedronka
Biedronka is the largest discount supermarket chain in Poland with 2,823 stores in 2017 and 55,000 employees (2015).
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Bohemia
Bohemia (Čechy;; Czechy; Bohême; Bohemia; Boemia) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic.
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Bolesław III Wrymouth
Bolesław III Wrymouth (also known as Boleslaus III the Wry-mouthed, Bolesław III Krzywousty) (20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138), was a Duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole Poland between 1107 and 1138.
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Bolesław Polnar
Bolesław Polnar (1952 – 10 February 2014) was a Polish graphic artist, painter and teacher from Opole.
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Bolko I of Opole
Bolko I of Opole (Bolko I Opolski; before 21 October 1258 – 14 May 1313), was a Duke of Opole from 1282 (until 1284 with his brother as co-ruler), Niemodlin and Strzelce Opolskie until his death.
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Borki, Opole Voivodeship
Borki (German Borrek) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Bronisław Koraszewski
Bronisław Koraszewski (1863–1924) - Polish reporter and social activist in Upper Silesia.
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Bruntál
Bruntál (Freudenthal in Schlesien, Bruntal, Latin: Vallis Gaudiorum, Vrudental) is a town located near the western boundary of the Moravian-Silesian Region, in Czech Silesia.
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Brzeg
Brzeg (Latin: Alta Ripa, former German name: Brieg) is a town in southwestern Poland with 36,381 inhabitants (2016) and the capital of Brzeg County.
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Brzezie, Opole Voivodeship
Brzezie (German Finkenstein) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Canal
Canals, or navigations, are human-made channels, or artificial waterways, for water conveyance, or to service water transport vehicles.
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Carrara
Carrara is a city and comune in Tuscany, in central Italy, of the province of Massa and Carrara, and notable for the white or blue-grey marble quarried there.
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Casimir I of Opole
Casimir I of Opole (Kazimierz I opolski; – 13 May 1230), a member of the Piast dynasty, was a Silesian duke of Opole and Racibórz from 1211 until his death.
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Castellan
A castellan was the governor or captain of a castellany and its castle.
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Cement
A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that sets, hardens and adheres to other materials, binding them together.
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Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population.
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Central European Summer Time
Central European Summer Time (CEST), sometime referred also as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (UTC+1) during the other part of the year.
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Central European Time
Central European Time (CET), used in most parts of Europe and a few North African countries, is a standard time which is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
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Chester Marcol
Czesław Bolesław "Chester" Marcol (born October 24, 1949 in Opole, Poland) was the placekicker for the Green Bay Packers from 1972 to 1980.
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Chmielowice, Opole Voivodeship
Chmielowice (German Chmiellowitz, 1934-45: Hopfental) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komprachcice, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Christian cross
The Christian cross, seen as a representation of the instrument of the crucifixion of Jesus, is the best-known symbol of Christianity.
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Civic Platform
Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO)The party is officially the Civic Platform of the Republic of Poland (Platforma Obywatelska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej).
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Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Encyclopedia is a one-volume encyclopedia produced by Columbia University Press and in the last edition, sold by the Gale Group.
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Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.
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Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego, Latin: Corona Regni Poloniae), commonly known as the Polish Crown or simply the Crown, is the common name for the historic (but unconsolidated) Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, including Poland proper.
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Czarnowąsy
Czarnowąsy (Czarnowanz, 1936–1945: Klosterbrück) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.
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Danone
Danone is a French multinational food-products corporation based in Paris and founded in Barcelona, Spain.
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Danuta Jazłowiecka
Danuta Jazłowiecka (born May 19, 1957 in Opole) is a Polish politician.
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Dęblin
Dęblin is a town, population 16,656 (as of 2016), at the confluence of Vistula and Wieprz rivers, in Lublin Voivodeship, Poland.
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Defensive wall
A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors.
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Deichmann SE
Deichmann SE (formerly Heinrich Deichmann-Schuhe GmbH & Co. KG) is a major German shoe and sportswear retail chain.
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Democratic Left Alliance
Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD) is a social-democratic political party in Poland.
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Deutsche Bank
Deutsche Bank AG is a German investment bank and financial services company headquartered in Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany.
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Dobrzeń Mały
Dobrzeń Mały (German Klein Döbern) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Duchy of Opole
Duchy of Opole (Herzogtum Oppeln; Opolské knížectví) was one of the duchies of Silesia ruled by the Piast dynasty.
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Duchy of Racibórz
Duchy of Racibórz (Herzogtum Ratibor, Ratibořské knížectví) was one of the duchies of Silesia.
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Duke of Opole
The following is a list of monarchs who used the title Duke of Opole and controlled the city and the surrounding area either directly or indirectly (see also Duchy of Opole).
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Eastern Bloc
The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.
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Economy of France
France has the world's 6th largest economy by 2017 nominal figures and the 10th largest economy by PPP figures.
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Economy of Germany
The economy of Germany is a highly developed social market economy.
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Economy of the Netherlands
According to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the Netherlands was the 18th largest economy of the world in 2012, while the country has only about 17 million inhabitants. (see: List of countries by GDP (nominal)). GDP per capita is roughly $48,860 which makes it one of richest nations in the world (see: List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita). Between 1996 and 2000 annual economic growth (GDP) averaged over 4%, well above the European average. Growth slowed considerably in 2001–05 as part of the global economic slowdown. 2006 and 2007 however showed economic growth of 3.4% and 3.9%. The Dutch economy was hit considerably by the ongoing global financial crisis and the ensuing European debt crisis. The Netherlands has discovered huge natural gas resources since 1959. The sale of natural gas generated enormous revenues for the Netherlands for decades, adding hundreds of billions of euros to the government's budget. However, the unforeseen consequences of the country's huge energy wealth impacted the competitiveness of other sectors of the economy, leading to the theory of Dutch disease. The Netherlands have a prosperous and open economy, which depends heavily on foreign trade. The economy is noted for stable industrial relations, fairly low unemployment and inflation, a very big sizable current account surplus (compared to the size of the country even more than Germany) and an important role as a European transportation hub, with Rotterdam as by far the biggest port in Europe and Amsterdam with one of the biggest airports in Europe. Industrial activity is predominantly in food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, hightech, financial services, creative sector and electrical machinery. A highly mechanised agricultural sector employs no more than 2% of the labour force but provides large surpluses for the food-processing industry and for exports. The Netherlands, along with 11 of its EU partners, began circulating the euro currency on 1 January 2002. The stern financial policy has been abandoned in 2009 because of the current credit crises. The relatively large banking sector was partly nationalised and bailed out through government interventions. The unemployment rate dropped to 5.0% in the summer of 2011, but increased with a sharp rate since then to 7.3% in May 2013, 6.8% in 2015 but dropped again to 3.9% in March 2018. The state budget deficit is about 2.2% in 2015 well below the norm of 3.0% in the EU. In 2016 the state budget showed a surplus of 0.4% and this is expected to grow to a surplus of over 1.0% in 2017. Historically, the Dutch introduced and invented the stock market by the merchandise trading through Dutch East India Company. The Netherlands is a founding member of the European Union, the OECD and the World Trade Organization.
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Economy of the United States
The economy of the United States is a highly developed mixed economy.
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Edmund Osmańczyk
Edmund Jan Osmańczyk (August 10, 1913, Deutsch Jägel, Lower Silesia, German Empire – October 4, 1989, Warsaw, People's Republic of Poland), Polish writer, author of Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements.
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Emigration from Poland to Germany after World War II
As a result of World War II, Poland's borders were shifted west.
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Emin Pasha
Schnitzer in 1875 Mehmed Emin Pasha (born Isaak Eduard Schnitzer, baptized Eduard Carl Oscar Theodor Schnitzer; March 28, 1840 – October 23, 1892) was an Ottoman physician of German Jewish origin, naturalist, and governor of the Egyptian province of Equatoria on the upper Nile.
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Fantasy
Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction set in a fictional universe, often without any locations, events, or people referencing the real world.
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Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand I (Fernando I) (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1558, king of Bohemia and Hungary from 1526, and king of Croatia from 1527 until his death.
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Ferdinand von Prondzynski
Ferdinand von Prondzynski (born 30 June 1954) is the Principal and Vice-Chancellor of The Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, Scotland.
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Finland
Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.
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Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)
During the later stages of World War II and the post-war period, German citizens and people of German ancestry fled or were expelled from various Eastern and Central European countries and sent to the remaining territory of Germany and Austria.
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Food industry
The food industry is a complex, global collective of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world population.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Franciscans
The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders within the Catholic Church, founded in 1209 by Saint Francis of Assisi.
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Frederick the Great
Frederick II (Friedrich; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king.
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German Empire
The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.
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German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
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German minority in Poland
The registered German minority in Poland at the 2011 national census consisted of 148,000 people, of whom 64,000 declared both German and Polish ethnicities and 45,000 solely German ethnicity.
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German town law
The German town law (Deutsches Stadtrecht) or German municipal concerns (Deutsches Städtewesen) was a set of early town privileges based on the Magdeburg rights developed by Otto I. The Magdeburg Law became the inspiration for regional town charters not only in Germany, but also in Central and Eastern Europe who modified it during the Middle Ages.
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Germans
Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Germany national football team
The Germany national football team (deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft or Die Mannschaft) is the men's football team that has represented Germany in international competition since 1908.
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Ghetto
A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, typically as a result of social, legal, or economic pressure.
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Gord (archaeology)
A gord is a medieval Slavic fortified wooden settlement, sometimes known as a burgwall after the German term for such sites.
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Graphic designer
A graphic designer is a professional within the graphic design and graphic arts industry who assembles together images, typography, or motion graphics to create a piece of design.
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Grasse
Grasse (Provençal Grassa in classical norm or Grasso in Mistralian norm; traditional Grassa) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department (of which it is a sub-prefecture), on the French Riviera.
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Green Bay Packers
The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin.
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Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy (Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918.
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Henryk Kroll
Henryk Kroll (born January 20, 1949 in Gogolin) is a Polish politician, and the former leader of German minority in Poland.
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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Hungary
Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.
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Indigenous language
An indigenous language or autochthonous language is a language that is native to a region and spoken by indigenous people, often reduced to the status of a minority language.
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Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt (Austro-Bavarian) is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, in the Federal Republic of Germany.
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Invasion of Poland
The Invasion of Poland, known in Poland as the September Campaign (Kampania wrześniowa) or the 1939 Defensive War (Wojna obronna 1939 roku), and in Germany as the Poland Campaign (Polenfeldzug) or Fall Weiss ("Case White"), was a joint invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Ivano-Frankivsk
Ivano-Frankivsk (Ivano-Frankivsk; formerly Stanyslaviv, Stanislau, or Stanisławów; see below) is a historic city located in Western Ukraine.
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Jakub Kania
Jakub Kania (July 11, 1872 in Stare Siołkowice near Opole – December 3, 1957 in Stare Siołkowice) was a Polish poet, folk writer and national activist.
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Jan II the Good
Jan II of Opole (Jan II Dobry) (– 27 March 1532) was a Duke of Opole-Brzeg (until 1481)-Strzelce-Niemodlin in 1476 (with his brothers as co-rulers during 1476), ruler over Gliwice (in 1494), Toszek (in 1495), Niemodlin (again, in 1497), Bytom (in 1498), Koźle (in 1509), and Racibórz (in 1521).
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Jan Kasprowicz
Jan Kasprowicz (December 12, 1860 – August 1, 1926) was a poet, playwright, critic and translator; a foremost representative of Young Poland.
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Józef Stępkowski
Józef Stępkowski (born April 13, 1970 in Ząbkowice Śląskie) is a Polish politician.
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Jerzy Buzek
Jerzy Karol Buzek (born 3 July 1940) is a Polish politician and Member of the European Parliament from Poland.
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Jerzy Grotowski
Jerzy Marian Grotowski (11 August 1933 – 14 January 1999) was an innovative Polish theatre director and theorist whose approaches to acting, training and theatrical production have significantly influenced theatre today.
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Joachim Prinz
Joachim Prinz (May 10, 1902 – September 30, 1988) was a German-American rabbi who was outspoken against Nazism and became a Zionist leader.
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John II Casimir Vasa
John II Casimir (Jan II Kazimierz Waza; Johann II.; Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania during the era of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Duke of Opole in Upper Silesia, and titular King of Sweden 1648–1660.
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Karczów, Opole Voivodeship
Karczów (German Schönwitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbrowa in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship in southwestern Poland.
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Karolina Wydra
Karolina Wydra (born March 5, 1981) is a Polish-American actress and model.
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Katowice Voivodeship
Katowice Voivodeship (województwo katowickie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by the Silesian Voivodeship.
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Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia, sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom (České království; Königreich Böhmen; Regnum Bohemiae, sometimes Regnum Czechorum), was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czech Republic.
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Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.
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Krzanowice, Opole Voivodeship
Krzanowice (Erlengrund) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dobrzeń Wielki, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Krzysztof Szramiak
Krzysztof Szramiak (born July 9, 1984 in Opole) is a Polish weightlifter.
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Kuopio
Kuopio is a city and municipality located in Northern Savonia, Finland.
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Lafarge (company)
Lafarge is a French industrial company specialising in three major products: cement, construction aggregates, and concrete.
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Law and Justice
Law and Justice (Polish), abbreviated to PiS, is a national-conservative, and Christian democratic political party in Poland.
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League of Polish Families
The League of Polish Families (Polish: Liga Polskich Rodzin, LPR) is a nationalist conservative political party in Poland, part of the Catholic-National Movement and with many elements of far-right ideology.
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Leo Baeck
Leo Baeck (23 May 1873 – 2 November 1956) was a 20th-century German rabbi, scholar and theologian.
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Leszek Korzeniowski
Leszek Korzeniowski (born January 1, 1955 in Warsaw) is a Polish politician.
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Lidl
Lidl Stiftung & Co.
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Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.
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List of Polish monarchs
Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 10th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century).
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Lithuania
Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.
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Louis II of Hungary
Louis II (Ludvík, Ludovik, Lajos, 1 July 1506 – 29 August 1526) was King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia from 1516 to 1526.
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Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia (Dolny Śląsk; Dolní Slezsko; Silesia Inferior; Niederschlesien; Silesian German: Niederschläsing; Dolny Ślůnsk) is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Upper Silesia is to the southeast.
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Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages, granted by the local ruler.
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Marcin Pontus
Marcin Pontus (born 22 September 1985 in Opole) is a Polish footballer, who recently played for the Slovak 2. liga club FK Bodva Moldava nad Bodvou.
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Marek Kawa
Marek Kawa (born July 22, 1975 in Opole) is a Polish politician.
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Mausoleum
A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people.
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Mülheim
Mülheim an der Ruhr, also described as "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.
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MediaMarktSaturn Retail Group
The MediaMarktSaturn Retail Group (Media-Saturn-Holding GmbH) is a German holding company and the leading consumer electronics retailer in Europe with headquarters in Ingolstadt, Germany.
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Member of parliament
A member of parliament (MP) is the representative of the voters to a parliament.
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Metro AG
Metro AG, otherwise known as Metro Group, is a German global diversified retail and wholesale/cash and carry group based in Düsseldorf. It was established in 1964 by Ernst Schmidt and Wilhelm Schmidt-Ruthenbeck., it was the fourth-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues (after Wal-Mart, Carrefour and Tesco).
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Metro Cash and Carry
METRO Cash & Carry is an international self-service wholesaler.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Mieczysław Walkiewicz
Mieczysław Walkiewicz (born November 5, 1949 in Nowa Wólka) is a Polish politician.
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Mieszko I of Poland
Mieszko I (– 25 May 992) was the ruler of the Polans from about 960 until his death.
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Miroslav Klose
Miroslav Josef Klose (Mirosław Marian Klose; born 9 June 1978) is a German retired professional footballer who last played as a striker for Italian club Lazio and the Germany national team.
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National Festival of Polish Song in Opole
The National Festival of Polish Song in Opole (Krajowy Festiwal Piosenki Polskiej w Opolu, KFPP) is an annual music festival in Opole, Poland.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Netto (store)
Netto is a Danish discount supermarket operating in Denmark, Germany, Poland, Sweden, and previously in the United Kingdom both as a stand alone venture until its sale in 2010 to Asda and via a joint venture with Sainsbury's between 2014 and 2016.
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Nicholas II of Niemodlin
Nicholas II of Niemodlin (Mikołaj II Niemodliński; – 27 June 1497), was a Duke of Opole-Brzeg-Strzelce-Niemodlin in 1476 (as co-ruler of his father) and sole Duke of Niemodlin from 1476 until his death.
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Nutricia
Nutricia is a part of the Danone group that specialises in baby food and clinical nutrition.
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Oder
The Oder (Czech, Lower Sorbian and Odra, Oder, Upper Sorbian: Wódra) is a river in Central Europe.
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Opolans
Opolans (Opolanie; Opolané; Opolanen) were the West Slavic tribe that lived in the region of upper Odra.
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Opole (administrative)
The opole (vicinia) is a historical unit of administration in Poland.
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Opole County
Opole County (powiat opolski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Opole Voivodeship, south-western Poland.
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Opole Główne railway station
Opole Główne (Polish for Opole main station) is a major railway station in the southern Polish city of Opole.
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Opole University of Technology
Opole University of Technology (Polish name: Politechnika Opolska; sometimes called in English Technical University of Opole) is a university located in Opole, Poland.
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Opole Voivodeship
Opole Voivodeship, or Opole Province (województwo opolskie, Woiwodschaft Oppeln), is the smallest and least populated voivodeship (province) of Poland.
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Opole Zoo
Zoo Opole (Ogród Zoologiczny w Opolu), is a zoo in the city of Opole, Poland.
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Oscar Slater
Oscar Joseph Slater (8 January 1872 – 31 January 1948) was a victim of a Scottish miscarriage of justice.
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Paul Kleinert
Paul Kleinert (23 September 1837 – 29 July 1920) was a German theologian, born at Vielguth in Prussian Silesia.
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Pharmacy (shop)
A pharmacy (also called "drugstore" in American English or "community pharmacy" or "chemist's" in Commonwealth English) is a retail shop which provides prescription drugs, among other products.
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Piast dynasty
The Piast dynasty was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland.
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PKO Bank Polski
Powszechna Kasa Oszczędności Bank Polski Spółka Akcyjna (also known as PKO Bank Polski, PKO BP) is Poland's largest bank.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Poles
The Poles (Polacy,; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language.
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Polish language
Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.
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Polish People's Republic
The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.
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Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II (Ioannes Paulus II; Giovanni Paolo II; Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła;; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 to 2005.
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Potsdam
Potsdam is the capital and largest city of the German federal state of Brandenburg.
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Potsdam Agreement
The Potsdam Agreement (Potsdamer Abkommen) was the August 1945 agreement between three of the Allies of World War II, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
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Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference (Potsdamer Konferenz) was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 17 July to 2 August 1945.
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Powiat
A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural: powiaty) is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture (LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4) in other countries.
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President of the European Parliament
The President of the European Parliament presides over the debates and activities of the European Parliament.
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Prime Minister of Poland
The President of the Council of Ministers (Polish: Prezes Rady Ministrów), colloquially referred to as the Prime Minister of Poland (Polish: Premier Polski), is the leader of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland.
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Province of Upper Silesia
The Province of Upper Silesia (Provinz Oberschlesien; Silesian German: Provinz Oberschläsing; Prowincyjŏ Gōrny Ślōnsk; Prowincja Górny Śląsk) was a province of the Free State of Prussia from 1919 to 1945.
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Prussia
Prussia (Preußen) was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia.
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Public Higher Medical Professional School in Opole
The Opole Medical School (Polish name: PMWSZ - Państwowa Medyczna Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa) is a state-owned medical school in Opole.
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Racibórz
Racibórz (Ratibor, Ratiboř, Raćibůrz) is a town in Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland.
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Raiffeisen Zentralbank
Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich A.G. was the central institution of the Raiffeisen Banking Group Austria (RBG).
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Real (hypermarket)
Real (stylized real,-) is a European hypermarket, member of the German trade and retail giant Metro AG.
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Recovered Territories
Recovered Territories (Ziemie Odzyskane, literally "Regained Lands") was an official term used by the People's Republic of Poland to describe the territory of the former Free City of Danzig and the parts of pre-war Germany that became part of Poland after World War II.
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Regierungsbezirk
A German Regierungsbezirk (often abbreviated to Reg.-Bez.; administrative district) is an administrative district of one of the nation's federal states.
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Reich Chancellery
The Reich Chancellery (Reichskanzlei) was the traditional name of the office of the Chancellor of Germany (then called Reichskanzler) in the period of the German Reich from 1878 to 1945.
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Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.
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Roanoke, Virginia
Roanoke is an independent city in the U.S. state of Virginia.
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Robert Gordon University
Robert Gordon University, commonly called RGU, is a public university in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland.
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Rochus Misch
Rochus Misch (29 July 1917 – 5 September 2013) was a German Oberscharführer (sergeant) in the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH).
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Rossmann (company)
Dirk Rossmann GmbH is Germany's second-largest drug store chain (after dm-drogerie markt), with over 3,790 stores in Europe.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Ryszard Galla
Ryszard Galla (born 22 July 1956 in Wrocław) is a German-Polish politician.
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Ryszard Knosala
Ryszard Knosala (born August 8, 1949 in Opole) is a Polish politician.
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Sandra Lewandowska
Sandra Lewandowska (born 8 June 1977) is a Polish parliamentarian who served in the national Parliament (Sejm) of the Republic of Poland of the V Sejm cadency from September 2005 to October 2007.
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Sławice
Sławice (Slawitz, 1936-45: Preisdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbrowa, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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Sławomir Kłosowski
Sławomir Kłosowski (born February 21, 1964 in Wambierzyce) is a Polish politician.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Seat of local government
In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre, (in the UK or Australia) a guildhall, a Rathaus (German), or (more rarely) a municipal building, is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality.
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Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, commonly known as interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (1918–1939).
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Sejm
The Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) is the lower house of the Polish parliament.
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Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland (Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, SRP) is a populist, agrarian, and nationalist political party and trade union in Poland.
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Senate
A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature or parliament.
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Silesia
Silesia (Śląsk; Slezsko;; Silesian German: Schläsing; Silesian: Ślůnsk; Šlazyńska; Šleska; Silesia) is a region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.
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Silesian German
Silesian German (Silesian German: Schläsche Sproache or Schläs'sche Sproche, Schlesisch) or Lower Silesian is a nearly extinct German dialect spoken in Silesia.
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Silesian language
Silesian or Upper Silesian (Silesian: ślōnskŏ gŏdka, ślůnsko godka (Silesian pronunciation), Slezština, język śląski / etnolekt śląski, Wasserpolnisch) is a West Slavic lect, part of its Lechitic group.
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Silesian Uprisings
The Silesian Uprisings (Aufstände in Oberschlesien; Powstania śląskie) were a series of three armed uprisings of the Poles and Polish Silesians of Upper Silesia, from 1919 to 1921, against German rule; the resistance hoped to break away from Germany in order to join the Second Polish Republic, which had been established in the wake of World War I. In the latter-day history of Poland after World War II, the insurrections were celebrated as centrepieces of national pride.
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Silesian Wars
The Silesian Wars (Schlesische Kriege) were a series of three wars fought in the mid-18th century between Prussia (under King Frederick the Great) and Austria (under Empress Maria Theresa) for control of Silesia, all three of which ended in Prussian victory.
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Sister city
Twin towns or sister cities are a form of legal or social agreement between towns, cities, counties, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states, and even countries in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.
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Slavs
Slavs are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group who speak the various Slavic languages of the larger Balto-Slavic linguistic group.
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Sobibór extermination camp
Sobibór (or Sobibor) was a Nazi German extermination camp built and operated by the SS near the railway station of Sobibór during World War II, within the semi-colonial territory of General Government of the occupied Second Polish Republic.
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Solaris Center
Solaris Center - is a commercial and entertainment complex in Opole, Poland, located on the Copernic Square (pl. Plac Kopernika), next to the University of Opole.
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Stream bed
A stream bed is the channel bottom of a stream or river, the physical confine of the normal water flow.
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Székesfehérvár
The city of Székesfehérvár, known colloquially as Fehérvár ("white castle") (located in central Hungary, is the ninth largest city of the country; regional capital of Central Transdanubia; and the centre of Fejér county and Székesfehérvár District. The area is an important rail and road junction between Lake Balaton and Lake Velence. Székesfehérvár, a royal residence (székhely), as capital of the Kingdom of Hungary, held a central role in the Middle Ages. As required by the Doctrine of the Holy Crown, the first kings of Hungary were crowned and buried here. Significant trade routes led to the Balkans and Italy, and to Buda and Vienna. Historically the city has come under Turkish, German and Russian control and the city is known by translations of "white castle" in these languages: (Stuhlweißenburg; Столни Београд; İstolni Belgrad).
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Szymon Koszyk
Szymon Koszyk (July 3, 1891, Opole – August 11, 1972, Opole) was a Polish writer, national and social activist.
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Tadeusz Jarmuziewicz
Tadeusz Jarmuziewicz (born 21 September 1957 in Piława Górna) is a Polish politician.
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Teresa Ceglecka-Zielonka
Teresa Ceglecka-Zielonka (born March 8, 1957 in Namysłów) is a Polish politician.
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Tomasz Garbowski
Tomasz Garbowski (born January 7, 1979 in Kluczbork) is a Polish politician.
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Treaty of Breslau
The Treaty of Breslau was a preliminary peace agreement signed on 11 June 1742 following long negotiations at the Silesian capital Wrocław (Breslau) by emissaries of Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria and King Frederick II of Prussia ending the First Silesian War.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
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Unification of Germany
The unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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University of Opole
The University of Opole (Uniwersytet Opolski) is a public university in the city of Opole.
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Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia (Górny Śląsk; Silesian Polish: Gůrny Ślůnsk; Horní Slezsko; Oberschlesien; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic.
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Upper Silesia plebiscite
The Upper Silesia plebiscite was a plebiscite mandated by the Versailles Treaty and carried out on 20 March 1921 to determine a section of the border between Weimar Germany and Poland.
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Valve
A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.
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Vehicle registration plates of Poland
Vehicle registration plates of Poland indicate the region of registration of the vehicle encoded in the number plate.
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Vienna
Vienna (Wien) is the federal capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria.
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Vladislaus II of Opole
Vladislaus II of Opole (Władysław Opolczyk, Wladislaus von Oppeln, Oppelni László, Владислав Опольчик) (ca. 1332 – 18 May 1401) was a Duke of Opole from 1356 (as a Bohemian vassal), Count palatine of Hungary during 1367–1372, ruler over Lubliniec since 1368, Duke of Wieluń during 1370–1392, ruler over Bolesławiec from 1370 (only for his life), Governor of Galicia–Volhynia during 1372–1378, ruler over Pszczyna during 1375–1396, Count palatine of Poland in 1378, Duke of Dobrzyń and Kujawy during 1378–1392 (as a Polish vassal), ruler over Głogówek from 1383 and ruler over Krnov during 1385–1392.
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Voivodeships of Poland
A województwo (plural: województwa) is the highest-level administrative subdivision of Poland, corresponding to a "province" in many other countries.
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Władysław II the Exile
Vladislaus II the Exile (Władysław II Wygnaniec) (1105 – 30 May 1159) was a High Duke of Poland and Duke of Silesia from 1138 until his expulsion in 1146.
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Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic (Weimarer Republik) is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state during the years 1919 to 1933.
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West Germany
West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD) in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990.
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Winów
Winów (German Winau) is a neibourhood of Opole in Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Wrocław
Wrocław (Breslau; Vratislav; Vratislavia) is the largest city in western Poland.
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Wrzoski, Opole Voivodeship
Wrzoski (Wreske, 1936-45: Heidefeld) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbrowa, within Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.
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WSB Universities
WSB Universities (Wyższe Szkoły Bankowe, Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa) is group of private universities in Poland.
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Zott
Zott (singular Zottī) is the Arabic term for gypsies, Romani people and Dom people.
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1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
The 1st SS Panzer Division "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler", short LSSAH, (1.) began as Adolf Hitler's personal bodyguard, responsible for guarding the Führer's person, offices, and residences.
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8th century
The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Common Era.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opole
