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117 relations: Albertus Magnus, Algoman orogeny, Alleghanian orogeny, Amanz Gressly, American Journal of Science, Ancient Greek, Andean orogeny, Andesite, Antler orogeny, Asthenosphere, Avalonia, Back-arc basin, Banff, Alberta, Batholith, Biogeography, Caledonian orogeny, Cambrian, Canmore, Alberta, Chert, Christian, Christian Leopold von Buch, Continent, Continental crust, Continental drift, Convergent boundary, Crust (geology), Delamination (geology), Deposition (geology), Devonian, Dominican Order, Dynamic topography, East African Rift, Eduard Suess, Epeirogenic movement, Erosion, Erosion and tectonics, Fault (geology), Fault block, Fault mechanics, Flood myth, Flysch, Fold (geology), Fold mountains, Foreland basin, Fossil, Geochronology, Geography, Geological formation, Geophysical global cooling, Geosyncline, ..., Geothermal gradient, Gondwana, Granite, Grove Karl Gilbert, Gustav Steinmann, Guyot, Himalayas, Hotspot (geology), Igneous rock, Island arc, Isostasy, James Dwight Dana, Jean-Baptiste Élie de Beaumont, Jules Thurmann, Laramide orogeny, Laurentia, List of early Christian writers, List of orogenies, Lithosphere, Lithospheric flexure, Madison Group, Magmatism, Mantle (geology), Mantle convection, Metamorphic rock, Metamorphism, Mid-ocean ridge, Migmatite, Molasse, Montana, Mount Rundle, Mountain chain, Mountain formation, Mountain range, Musgrave Block, Nappe, Neoplatonism, New Guinea, New Zealand, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Oceanic crust, Ophiolite, Ordovician, Penokean orogeny, Plate tectonics, René Descartes, Rheology, Rock (geology), San Andreas Fault, Seabed, Sediment, Sedimentary rock, Sedimentation, Sevier orogeny, Shale, Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Silurian, Strike and dip, Subduction, Suture (geology), Tectonic uplift, Terrane, Tholeiitic magma series, Thrust fault, Trans-Canada Highway, Ultramafic rock, Wallace Spencer Pitcher. Expand index (67 more) »
Albertus Magnus
Albertus Magnus, O.P. (c. 1200 – November 15, 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a German Catholic Dominican friar and bishop.
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Algoman orogeny
The Algoman orogeny, known as the Kenoran orogeny in Canada, was an episode of mountain-building (orogeny) during the Late Archean Eon that involved repeated episodes of continental collisions, compressions and subductions.
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Alleghanian orogeny
The Alleghanian orogeny or Appalachian orogeny is one of the geological mountain-forming events that formed the Appalachian Mountains and Allegheny Mountains.
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Amanz Gressly
Amanz Gressly (17 July 1814 – 13 April 1865) was a Swiss geologist and paleontologist.
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American Journal of Science
The American Journal of Science (AJS) is the United States of America's longest-running scientific journal, having been published continuously since its conception in 1818 by Professor Benjamin Silliman, who edited and financed it himself.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Andean orogeny
The Andean orogeny (Orogenia andina) is an ongoing process of orogeny that began in the Early Jurassic and is responsible for the rise of the Andes mountains.
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Andesite
Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture.
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Antler orogeny
The Antler orogeny was an enigmatic tectonic event, that began in the early Late Devonian with widespread effects continuing into the Mississippian and early Pennsylvanian.
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Asthenosphere
The asthenosphere (from Greek ἀσθενής asthenḗs 'weak' + "sphere") is the highly viscous, mechanically weak and ductilely deforming region of the upper mantle of the Earth.
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Avalonia
Avalonia was a microcontinent in the Paleozoic era.
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Back-arc basin
Back-arc basins are geologic basins, submarine features associated with island arcs and subduction zones.
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Banff, Alberta
Banff is a town within Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada.
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Batholith
A batholith (from Greek bathos, depth + lithos, rock) is a large mass of intrusive igneous rock (also called plutonic rock), larger than in area, that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust.
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Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.
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Caledonian orogeny
The Caledonian orogeny was a mountain building era recorded in the northern parts of Ireland and Britain, the Scandinavian Mountains, Svalbard, eastern Greenland and parts of north-central Europe.
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Cambrian
The Cambrian Period was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and of the Phanerozoic Eon.
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Canmore, Alberta
Canmore is a town in Alberta, Canada, located approximately west of Calgary near the southeast boundary of Banff National Park.
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Chert
Chert is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline silica, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2).
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Christian
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
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Christian Leopold von Buch
Christian Leopold von Buch (April 26, 1774 – March 4, 1853) was a German geologist and paleontologist born in Stolpe an der Oder (now a part of Angermünde, Brandenburg) and is remembered as one of the most important contributors to geology in the first half of the nineteenth century.
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Continent
A continent is one of several very large landmasses of the world.
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Continental crust
Continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves.
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Continental drift
Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other, thus appearing to "drift" across the ocean bed.
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Convergent boundary
In plate tectonics, a convergent boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary, is a region of active deformation where two or more tectonic plates or fragments of the lithosphere are near the end of their life cycle.
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Crust (geology)
In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.
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Delamination (geology)
In geophysics, delamination refers to the loss and sinking (foundering) of the portion of the lowermost lithosphere from the tectonic plate to which it was attached.
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Deposition (geology)
Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass.
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Devonian
The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya.
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Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers (Ordo Praedicatorum, postnominal abbreviation OP), also known as the Dominican Order, is a mendicant Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic of Caleruega in France, approved by Pope Honorius III via the Papal bull Religiosam vitam on 22 December 1216.
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Dynamic topography
The term dynamic topography is used in geodynamics to refer to elevation differences caused by the flow within the Earth's mantle.
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East African Rift
The East African Rift (EAR) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa.
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Eduard Suess
Eduard Suess (20 August 1831 – 26 April 1914) was an Austrian geologist and an expert on the geography of the Alps.
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Epeirogenic movement
In geology, epeirogenic movement (from Greek epeiros, land, and genesis, birth) is upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding apart from broad undulations.
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Erosion
In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).
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Erosion and tectonics
The interaction between erosion and tectonics has been a topic of debate since the early 1990s.
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Fault (geology)
In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movement.
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Fault block
Fault blocks are very large blocks of rock, sometimes hundreds of kilometres in extent, created by tectonic and localized stresses in the Earth's crust.
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Fault mechanics
Fault mechanics is a field of study that investigates the behavior of geologic faults.
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Flood myth
A flood myth or deluge myth is a narrative in which a great flood, usually sent by a deity or deities, destroys civilization, often in an act of divine retribution.
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Flysch
Flysch is a sequence of sedimentary rock layers that progress from deep-water and turbidity flow deposits to shallow-water shales and sandstones.
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Fold (geology)
A geological fold occurs when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of permanent deformation.
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Fold mountains
Fold mountains are mountains that form mainly by the effects of folding on layers within the upper part of the Earth's crust.
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Foreland basin
A foreland basin is a structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt.
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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Geochronology
Geochronology is the science of determining the age of rocks, fossils, and sediments using signatures inherent in the rocks themselves.
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Geography
Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία, geographia, literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth.
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Geological formation
A formation or geological formation is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy.
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Geophysical global cooling
Before the concept of plate tectonics, global cooling was a geophysical theory by James Dwight Dana, also referred to as the contracting earth theory.
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Geosyncline
Geosyncline originally called a geosynclinalŞengör (1982), p. 11 is an obsolete geological concept to explain orogens which was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries before the theory of plate tectonics was envisaged.
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Geothermal gradient
Geothermal gradient is the rate of increasing temperature with respect to increasing depth in the Earth's interior.
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Gondwana
Gondwana, or Gondwanaland, was a supercontinent that existed from the Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) until the Carboniferous (about 320 million years ago).
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Granite
Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture.
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Grove Karl Gilbert
Grove Karl Gilbert (May 6, 1843 – May 1, 1918), known by the abbreviated name G. K. Gilbert in academic literature, was an American geologist.
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Gustav Steinmann
Johann Heinrich Conrad Gottfried Gustav Steinmann (9 April 1856 – 7 October 1929) was a German geologist and paleontologist.
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Guyot
A guyot (pronounced), also known as a tablemount, is an isolated underwater volcanic mountain (seamount), with a flat top over below the surface of the sea.
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Himalayas
The Himalayas, or Himalaya, form a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.
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Hotspot (geology)
In geology, the places known as hotspots or hot spots are volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle.
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Igneous rock
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.
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Island arc
An island arc is a type of archipelago, often composed of a chain of volcanoes, with arc-shaped alignment, situated parallel and close to a boundary between two converging tectonic plates.
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Isostasy
Isostasy (Greek ''ísos'' "equal", ''stásis'' "standstill") is the state of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle such that the crust "floats" at an elevation that depends on its thickness and density.
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James Dwight Dana
James Dwight Dana FRS FRSE (February 12, 1813 – April 14, 1895) was an American geologist, mineralogist, volcanologist, and zoologist.
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Jean-Baptiste Élie de Beaumont
Jean-Baptiste Armand Louis Léonce Élie de Beaumont (25 September 1798 – 21 September 1874) was a French geologist.
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Jules Thurmann
Jules Thurmann (5 November 1804, Neuf-Brisach in Haut-Rhin, France – 25 July 1855, Porrentruy) was an Alsatian French-Swiss geologist and botanist.
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Laramide orogeny
The Laramide orogeny was a period of mountain building in western North America, which started in the Late Cretaceous, 70 to 80 million years ago, and ended 35 to 55 million years ago.
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Laurentia
Laurentia or the North American Craton is a large continental craton that forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent.
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List of early Christian writers
Various Early Christian writers wrote gospels and other books, some of which were canonized as the New Testament canon developed.
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List of orogenies
The following is a list of known orogenies organised by continent, starting with the oldest at the top.
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Lithosphere
A lithosphere (λίθος for "rocky", and σφαίρα for "sphere") is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet, or natural satellite, that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties.
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Lithospheric flexure
The lithospheric flexure (also called regional isostasy) is the process by which the lithosphere (rigid outer layer of the Earth) bends under the action of forces such as the weight of a growing orogen or changes in ice thickness related to (de)glaciations.
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Madison Group
The Madison Limestone is a thick sequence of mostly carbonate rocks of Mississippian age in the Rocky Mountain and Great Plains areas of western United States.
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Magmatism
Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks.
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Mantle (geology)
The mantle is a layer inside a terrestrial planet and some other rocky planetary bodies.
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Mantle convection
Mantle convection is the slow creeping motion of Earth's solid silicate mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior of the Earth to the surface.
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Metamorphic rock
Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form".
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Metamorphism
Metamorphism is the change of minerals or geologic texture (distinct arrangement of minerals) in pre-existing rocks (protoliths), without the protolith melting into liquid magma (a solid-state change).
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Mid-ocean ridge
A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics.
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Migmatite
Migmatite is a rock that is a mixture of metamorphic rock and igneous rock.
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Molasse
The term "molasse" refers to sandstones, shales and conglomerates that form as terrestrial or shallow marine deposits in front of rising mountain chains.
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Montana
Montana is a state in the Northwestern United States.
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Mount Rundle
Mount Rundle is a mountain in Canada's Banff National Park overlooking the towns of Banff and Canmore, Alberta.
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Mountain chain
A mountain chain is a row of high mountain summits, a linear sequence of interconnected or related mountains, or a contiguous ridge of mountains within a larger mountain range.
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Mountain formation
Mountain formation refers to the geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains.
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Mountain range
A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills ranged in a line and connected by high ground.
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Musgrave Block
The Musgrave Block (also known as the Musgrave Province) is an east-west trending belt of Proterozoic granulite-gneiss basement rocks approximately long.
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Nappe
In geology, a nappe or thrust sheet is a large sheetlike body of rock that has been moved more than or above a thrust fault from its original position.
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Neoplatonism
Neoplatonism is a term used to designate a strand of Platonic philosophy that began with Plotinus in the third century AD against the background of Hellenistic philosophy and religion.
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New Guinea
New Guinea (Nugini or, more commonly known, Papua, historically, Irian) is a large island off the continent of Australia.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
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Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
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Oceanic crust
Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate.
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Ophiolite
An ophiolite is a section of the Earth's oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle that has been uplifted and exposed above sea level and often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks.
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Ordovician
The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era.
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Penokean orogeny
The Penokean orogeny was a mountain-building episode that occurred in the early Proterozoic about 1.86 to 1.83 billion years ago, in the area of Lake Superior, North America.
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Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin tectonicus, from the τεκτονικός "pertaining to building") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.
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René Descartes
René Descartes (Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.
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Rheology
Rheology (from Greek ῥέω rhéō, "flow" and -λoγία, -logia, "study of") is the study of the flow of matter, primarily in a liquid state, but also as "soft solids" or solids under conditions in which they respond with plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to an applied force.
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Rock (geology)
Rock or stone is a natural substance, a solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
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San Andreas Fault
The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly through California.
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Seabed
The seabed (also known as the seafloor, sea floor, or ocean floor) is the bottom of the ocean.
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Sediment
Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.
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Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.
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Sedimentation
Sedimentation is the tendency for particles in suspension to settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained and come to rest against a barrier.
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Sevier orogeny
The Sevier orogeny was a mountain-building event that affected western North America from Canada to the north to Mexico to the south.
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Shale
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.
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Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
The Sierra Nevada (snowy saw range) is a mountain range in the Western United States, between the Central Valley of California and the Great Basin.
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Silurian
The Silurian is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya.
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Strike and dip
Strike and dip refer to the orientation or attitude of a geologic feature.
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Subduction
Subduction is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into the mantle.
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Suture (geology)
In structural geology, a suture is a joining together along a major fault zone, of separate terranes, tectonic units that have different plate tectonic, metamorphic and paleogeographic histories.
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Tectonic uplift
Tectonic uplift is the portion of the total geologic uplift of the mean Earth surface that is not attributable to an isostatic response to unloading.
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Terrane
A terrane in geology, in full a tectonostratigraphic terrane, is a fragment of crustal material formed on, or broken off from, one tectonic plate and accreted or "sutured" to crust lying on another plate.
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Tholeiitic magma series
The tholeiitic magma series, named after the German municipality of Tholey, is one of two main magma series in igneous rocks, the other being the calc-alkaline series.
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Thrust fault
A thrust fault is a break in the Earth's crust, across which older rocks are pushed above younger rocks.
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Trans-Canada Highway
The Trans-Canada Highway (French: Route Transcanadienne) is a transcontinental federal-provincial highway system that travels through all ten provinces of Canada from the Pacific Ocean on the west to the Atlantic on the east.
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Ultramafic rock
Ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).
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Wallace Spencer Pitcher
Wallace (Wally) Spencer Pitcher (3 March 1919 – 4 September 2004) was a British geologist.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orogeny
