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162 relations: A Dictionary of the English Language, Adverse effect, Allergy, American Psychiatric Association, Anna Karenina, Antidepressant, Antihypertensive drug, Antipsychotic, Anxiety disorder, Arthur K. Shapiro, Asthma, Atomoxetine, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Atypical antipsychotic, Autism spectrum, Autoimmunity, Basal ganglia, Behavior, Behaviour therapy, Biofeedback, Carbon monoxide poisoning, Ceruloplasmin, Charles Dickens, Chorea, Clomipramine, Clonidine, Cocaine, Cognition, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Comorbidity, Conduct disorder, Coprolalia, Deep brain stimulation, Degeneration (medical), Depression (mood), Developmental disorder, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Differential diagnosis, Disease, Donald J. Cohen, Down syndrome, Drug test, DSM-5, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Dyskinesia, Dystonia, Echolalia, Electroencephalography, Encephalitis, Epidemic, ..., Epidemiology, Epileptic seizure, Expressivity (genetics), Fluoxetine, Fluphenazine, Fluvoxamine, Fragile X syndrome, Frontal lobe, Genetic epidemiology, Genetics, Georges Gilles de la Tourette, Guanfacine, Habit reversal training, Haloperidol, Harvard University Press, Health care, Histamine, Histamine H3 receptor, Huntington's disease, Hypothyroidism, Hysteria, ICD-10, Idiopathic disease, Intelligence, Isabelle Rapin, James Boswell, James F. Leckman, Jean Marc Gaspard Itard, Jean-Martin Charcot, Klinefelter syndrome, Learning disability, Leo Tolstoy, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, Life expectancy, Little Dorrit, Liver disease, Magnetic resonance imaging, Major depressive disorder, Malleus Maleficarum, Migraine, Motor coordination, Motor disorder, Movement disorders, Myoclonus, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Neuroacanthocytosis, Neuroanatomy, Neuroimaging, Neurology, Neuropathology, Neurophysiology, Neuropsychiatry, Obsessive–compulsive disorder, Ole Daniel Enersen, Oliver Sacks, Oppositional defiant disorder, Palilalia, PANDAS, Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, Pediatrics, Penetrance, Personality disorder, Pharmacology, Pimozide, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Prevalence, Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychosocial, Psychotherapy, Relaxation technique, Risperidone, Sampling (statistics), Sampling bias, Samuel Johnson, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Self-harm, Sensory phenomena, Sertraline, Sleep disorder, Spectrum disorder, Spiked (magazine), Stereotypic movement disorder, Stereotypy, Stimming, Stimulant, Streptococcus, Stroke, Sydenham's chorea, Symptom, Syndrome, Thalamus, The Cincinnati Enquirer, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, Therapy, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Tic, Tic disorder, Tim Howard, Tourette Association of America, Tourettism, Treatment of Tourette syndrome, Tricyclic antidepressant, Tuberous sclerosis, Typical antipsychotic, Whonamedit?, Wilson's disease, World Health Organization, XYY syndrome, Yale Child Study Center, Ziprasidone. Expand index (112 more) »
A Dictionary of the English Language
Published on 4 April 1755 and written by Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language, sometimes published as Johnson's Dictionary, is among the most influential dictionaries in the history of the English language.
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Adverse effect
In medicine, an adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery.
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Allergy
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.
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American Psychiatric Association
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world.
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Anna Karenina
Anna Karenina (p) is a novel by the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, published in serial installments from 1873 to 1877 in the periodical The Russian Messenger. Tolstoy clashed with editor Mikhail Katkov over political issues that arose in the final installment (Tolstoy's negative views of Russian volunteers going to fight in Serbia); therefore, the novel's first complete appearance was in book form in 1878.
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Antidepressant
Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions, including dysthymia, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, eating disorders, chronic pain, neuropathic pain and, in some cases, dysmenorrhoea, snoring, migraine, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), addiction, dependence, and sleep disorders.
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Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure).
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Antipsychotic
Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers, are a class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.
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Arthur K. Shapiro
Arthur K. Shapiro, M.D., (1923–1995) was a psychiatrist and expert on Tourette syndrome.
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Asthma
Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.
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Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine, sold under the brand name Strattera among others, is a norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake inhibitor which is approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type.
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Atypical antipsychotic
The atypical antipsychotics (AAP; also known as second generation antipsychotics (SGAs)) are a group of antipsychotic drugs (antipsychotic drugs in general are also known as major tranquilizers and neuroleptics, although the latter is usually reserved for the typical antipsychotics) used to treat psychiatric conditions.
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Autism spectrum
Autism spectrum, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues.
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Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) is a group of subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates including humans, which are situated at the base of the forebrain.
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Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (Commonwealth English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the (inanimate) physical environment.
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Behaviour therapy
Behaviour therapy is a broad term referring to clinical psychotherapy that uses techniques derived from behaviourism.
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Biofeedback
Biofeedback is the process of gaining greater awareness of many physiological functions primarily using instruments that provide information on the activity of those same systems, with a goal of being able to manipulate them at will.
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Carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in too much carbon monoxide (CO).
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Ceruloplasmin
Ceruloplasmin (or caeruloplasmin) is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CP gene.
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Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic.
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Chorea
Chorea (or choreia, occasionally) is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias.
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Clomipramine
Clomipramine, sold under the brand name Anafranil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA).
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Clonidine
Clonidine (trade names Catapres, Kapvay, Nexiclon, Clophelin, and others) is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, tic disorders, withdrawal (from either alcohol, opioids, or smoking), migraine, menopausal flushing, diarrhea, and certain pain conditions.
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Cocaine
Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.
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Cognition
Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".
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Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psycho-social intervention that is the most widely used evidence-based practice aimed at improving mental health.
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Comorbidity
In medicine, comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional diseases or disorders co-occurring with (that is, concomitant or concurrent with) a primary disease or disorder; in the countable sense of the term, a comorbidity (plural comorbidities) is each additional disorder or disease.
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Conduct disorder
Conduct disorder (CD) is a mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated.
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Coprolalia
Coprolalia is involuntary swearing or the involuntary utterance of obscene words or socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks.
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Deep brain stimulation
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure involving the implantation of a medical device called a neurostimulator (sometimes referred to as a 'brain pacemaker'), which sends electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific targets in the brain (brain nuclei) for the treatment of movement and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Degeneration (medical)
Degeneration is deterioration in the medical sense.
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Depression (mood)
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, tendencies, feelings, and sense of well-being.
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Developmental disorder
Developmental disorders comprise a group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment in different areas.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and offers a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.
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Differential diagnosis
In medicine, a differential diagnosis is the distinguishing of a particular disease or condition from others that present similar clinical features.
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Disease
A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.
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Donald J. Cohen
Donald Jay Cohen (September 5, 1940 – October 2, 2001) was a psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, and director of the Yale Child Study Center and the Sterling Professor of Child Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology at the Yale School of Medicine.
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Down syndrome
Down syndrome (DS or DNS), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.
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Drug test
A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, and/or oral fluid/saliva — to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.
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DSM-5
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is the 2013 update to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe type of muscular dystrophy.
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Dyskinesia
Dyskinesia refers to a category of movement disorders that are characterized by involuntary muscle movements, including movements similar to tics or chorea and diminished voluntary movements.
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Dystonia
Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder syndrome in which sustained or repetitive muscle contractions result in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal fixed postures.
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Echolalia
Echolalia (also known as echologia or echophrasia) is defined as the unsolicited repetition of vocalizations made by another person (by the same person is called palilalia).
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Electroencephalography
Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record electrical activity of the brain.
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Encephalitis
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain.
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Epidemic
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less.
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Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where) and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
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Epileptic seizure
An epileptic seizure is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
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Expressivity (genetics)
In genetics, expressivity quantifies variation in a non-binary phenotype across individuals carrying a particular genotype.
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Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine, also known by trade names Prozac and Sarafem, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
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Fluphenazine
Fluphenazine, sold under the brand names Prolixin among others, is an antipsychotic medication.
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Fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine, sold under the brand name Luvox among others, is a medication which is used primarily for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and is also used to treat major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders such as panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Fragile X syndrome
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder.
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Frontal lobe
The frontal lobe, located at the front of the brain, is the largest of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the mammalian brain.
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Genetic epidemiology
Genetic epidemiology is the study of the role of genetic factors in determining health and disease in families and in populations, and the interplay of such genetic factors with environmental factors.
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
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Georges Gilles de la Tourette
Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette (30 October 1857 – 26 May 1904) was a French physician and the namesake of Tourette's syndrome, a neurological condition characterized by physical and verbal tics.
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Guanfacine
Guanfacine (trade names Estulic, Tenex, and, in extended release form, Intuniv) is a sympatholytic drug used to treat hypertension and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
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Habit reversal training
Habit reversal training (HRT) is a "multicomponent behavioral treatment package originally developed to address a wide variety of repetitive behavior disorders".
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Haloperidol
Haloperidol, marketed under the trade name Haldol among others, is a typical antipsychotic medication.
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Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
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Health care
Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings.
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Histamine
Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses, as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus.
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Histamine H3 receptor
Histamine H3 receptors are expressed in the central nervous system and to a lesser extent the peripheral nervous system, where they act as autoreceptors in presynaptic histaminergic neurons, and also control histamine turnover by feedback inhibition of histamine synthesis and release.
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Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an inherited disorder that results in death of brain cells.
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Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid, is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone.
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Hysteria
Hysteria, in the colloquial use of the term, means ungovernable emotional excess.
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ICD-10
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO).
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Idiopathic disease
An idiopathic disease is any disease with an unknown cause or mechanism of apparently spontaneous origin.
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Intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many different ways to include the capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, and problem solving.
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Isabelle Rapin
Isabelle Juliette Martha Rapin, M.D. (born December 4, 1927 in Lausanne, Switzerland; died May 24, 2017 in Rhinebeck, New York), was a Professor of both Neurology and Pediatrics at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City.
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James Boswell
James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck (29 October 1740 – 19 May 1795), was a Scottish biographer and diarist, born in Edinburgh.
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James F. Leckman
James Frederick Leckman, M.D., is a child psychiatrist and psychoanalyst and the Neison Harris Professor of Child Psychiatry, Psychiatry, Psychology and Pediatrics at the Yale School of Medicine, recognized for his research in Tourette syndrome (TS) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).
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Jean Marc Gaspard Itard
Jean Marc Gaspard Itard (24 April 1774, Oraison, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence – 5 July 1838, Paris) was a French physician born in Provence.
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Jean-Martin Charcot
Jean-Martin Charcot (29 November 1825 – 16 August 1893) was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology.
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Klinefelter syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) also known as 47,XXY or XXY, is the set of symptoms that result from two or more X chromosomes in males.
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Learning disability
Learning disability is a classification that includes several areas of functioning in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors.
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Leo Tolstoy
Count Lyov (also Lev) Nikolayevich Tolstoy (also Лев) Николаевич ТолстойIn Tolstoy's day, his name was written Левъ Николаевичъ Толстой.
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Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS), also known as juvenile gout, is a rare inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), produced by mutations in the HPRT gene located on the X chromosome.
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Life expectancy
Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, its current age and other demographic factors including gender.
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Little Dorrit
Little Dorrit is a novel by Charles Dickens, originally published in serial form between 1855 and 1857.
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Liver disease
Liver disease (also called hepatic disease) is a type of damage to or disease of the liver.
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Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease.
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Major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations.
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Malleus Maleficarum
The Malleus Maleficarum, usually translated as the Hammer of Witches, is the best known and the most important treatise on witchcraft.
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Migraine
A migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.
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Motor coordination
Motor coordination is the combination of body movements created with the kinematic (such as spatial direction) and kinetic (force) parameters that result in intended actions.
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Motor disorder
Motor disorders are disorders of the nervous system that cause abnormal and involuntary movements.
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Movement disorders
Movement disorders are clinical syndromes with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity.
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Myoclonus
Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles.
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National Institute of Mental Health
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is one of 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
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National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s.
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Neuroacanthocytosis
Neuroacanthocytosis is a label applied to several neurological conditions in which the blood contains misshapen, spiculated red blood cells called acanthocytes.
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Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the structure and organization of the nervous system.
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Neuroimaging
Neuroimaging or brain imaging is the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function/pharmacology of the nervous system.
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Neurology
Neurology (from νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system.
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Neuropathology
Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole-body autopsies.
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Neurophysiology
Neurophysiology (from Greek νεῦρον, neuron, "nerve"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia, "knowledge") is a branch of physiology and neuroscience that is concerned with the study of the functioning of the nervous system.
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Neuropsychiatry
Neuropsychiatry is a branch of medicine that deals with mental disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system.
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Obsessive–compulsive disorder
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly, perform certain routines repeatedly (called "rituals"), or have certain thoughts repeatedly (called "obsessions").
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Ole Daniel Enersen
Ole Daniel Enersen (born March 14, 1943 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian climber, photographer, journalist, writer, and medical historian.
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Oliver Sacks
Oliver Wolf Sacks, (9 July 1933 – 30 August 2015) was a British neurologist, naturalist, historian of science, and author.
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Oppositional defiant disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is defined by the DSM-5 as "a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness" in children and adolescents.
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Palilalia
Palilalia (from the Greek πάλιν (pálin) meaning "again" and λαλιά (laliá) meaning "speech" or "to talk"), a complex tic, is a language disorder characterized by the involuntary repetition of syllables, words, or phrases.
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PANDAS
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) is a hypothesis that there exists a subset of children with rapid onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or tic disorders and these symptoms are caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections.
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Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), also known as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1 (NBIA1), also called Hallervorden–Spatz syndrome, is a degenerative disease of the brain that can lead to parkinsonism, dystonia, dementia, and ultimately death.
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Pediatrics
Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.
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Penetrance
Penetrance in genetics is the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variant (or allele) of a gene (the genotype) that also express an associated trait (the phenotype).
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Personality disorder
Personality disorders (PD) are a class of mental disorders characterized by enduring maladaptive patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the individual's culture.
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Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species).
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Pimozide
Pimozide (sold under the brand name Orap) is an antipsychotic drug of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class.
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Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
The Hôpital universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière is a celebrated teaching hospital in the 13th arrondissement of Paris.
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Prevalence
Prevalence in epidemiology is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seat-belt use).
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Psychiatry
Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of mental disorders.
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Psychology
Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.
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Psychosocial
The psychosocial approach looks at individuals in the context of the combined influence that psychological factors and the surrounding social environment have on their physical and mental wellness and their ability to function.
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Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior and overcome problems in desired ways.
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Relaxation technique
A relaxation technique (also known as relaxation training) is any method, process, procedure, or activity that helps a person to relax; to attain a state of increased calmness; or otherwise reduce levels of pain, anxiety, stress or anger.
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Risperidone
Risperidone, sold under the trade name Risperdal among others, is an antipsychotic medication.
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Sampling (statistics)
In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.
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Sampling bias
In statistics, sampling bias is a bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others.
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Samuel Johnson
Samuel Johnson LL.D. (18 September 1709 – 13 December 1784), often referred to as Dr.
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders.
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Self-harm
Self-harm, also known as self-injury, is defined as the intentional, direct injuring of body tissue, done without suicidal intentions.
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Sensory phenomena
Sensory phenomena are general feelings, urges or bodily sensations that precede or accompany repetitive behaviorsMiguel EC, do Rosario-Campos MC, Shavitt RG, et al.
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Sertraline
Sertraline, sold under the trade names Zoloft among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
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Sleep disorder
A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal.
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Spectrum disorder
A spectrum disorder is a mental disorder that includes a range of linked conditions, sometimes also extending to include singular symptoms and traits.
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Spiked (magazine)
Spiked (also written as sp!ked) is a British Internet magazine focusing on politics, culture and society.
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Stereotypic movement disorder
Stereotypic movement disorder (SMD) is a motor disorder with onset in childhood involving repetitive, nonfunctional motor behavior (e.g., hand waving or head banging), that markedly interferes with normal activities or results in bodily injury.
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Stereotypy
A stereotypy is a repetitive or ritualistic movement, posture, or utterance.
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Stimming
Self-stimulatory behavior, also known as stimming and self-stimulation, is the repetition of physical movements, sounds, or repetitive movement of objects common in individuals with developmental disabilities, and most prevalent in people with autism spectrum disorders.
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Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects.
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Streptococcus
Streptococcus (term coined by Viennese surgeon Albert Theodor Billroth (1829-1894) from strepto- "twisted" + Modern Latin coccus "spherical bacterium," from Greek kokkos meaning "berry") is a genus of coccus (spherical) Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria).
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Stroke
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
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Sydenham's chorea
Sydenham's chorea (SC) or chorea minor (historically and traditionally referred to as St Vitus' dance) is a disorder characterized by rapid, uncoordinated jerking movements primarily affecting the face, hands and feet.
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Symptom
A symptom (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls", from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease.
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Syndrome
A syndrome is a set of medical signs and symptoms that are correlated with each other and, often, with a particular disease or disorder.
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Thalamus
The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is the large mass of gray matter in the dorsal part of the diencephalon of the brain with several functions such as relaying of sensory signals, including motor signals, to the cerebral cortex, and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness.
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The Cincinnati Enquirer
The Cincinnati Enquirer is a morning daily newspaper published by Gannett Company in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States.
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The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat
The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales is a 1985 book by neurologist Oliver Sacks describing the case histories of some of his patients.
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Therapy
Therapy (often abbreviated tx, Tx, or Tx) is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a diagnosis.
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, TSH, or hTSH for human TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4), and then triiodothyronine (T3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body.
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Tic
A tic is a sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization involving discrete muscle groups.
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Tic disorder
Tic disorders is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) based on type (motor or phonic) and duration of tics (sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic movements).
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Tim Howard
Timothy Matthew Howard (born March 6, 1979) is an American soccer player who captains the MLS club Colorado Rapids and plays for the United States national team as a goalkeeper.
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Tourette Association of America
The Tourette Association of America (TAA), based in Bayside, New York, United States, is a non-profit voluntary organization and the only US health-related organization serving people with Tourette syndrome.
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Tourettism
Tourettism refers to the presence of Tourette-like symptoms in the absence of Tourette syndrome, as the result of other diseases or conditions, known as "secondary causes".
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Treatment of Tourette syndrome
Tourette syndrome (also Tourette's syndrome or TS) is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by the presence of motor and phonic tics.
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Tricyclic antidepressant
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants.
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Tuberous sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis, or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), or epiloia (acronym of "epilepsy, low intelligence, adenoma sebaceum"), is a rare multisystem genetic disease that causes benign tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, lungs, and skin.
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Typical antipsychotic
Typical antipsychotics are a class of antipsychotic drugs first developed in the 1950s and used to treat psychosis (in particular, schizophrenia).
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Whonamedit?
Whonamedit? is an English-language dictionary of medical eponyms and the people associated with their identification.
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Wilson's disease
Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder in which copper builds up in the body.
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World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.
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XYY syndrome
XYY syndrome is a genetic condition in which a male has an extra Y chromosome.
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Yale Child Study Center
The Yale Child Study Center is a department at the Yale University School of Medicine.
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Ziprasidone
Ziprasidone, sold under the brand name Geodon among others, is an atypical antipsychotic which is used for the treatment of schizophrenia as well as acute mania and mixed states associated with bipolar disorder.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourette_syndrome
