Faster access than browser!
102 relations: Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts), Alexander II of Russia, Alexander Kovalevsky, Alternation of generations, Atheism, Calomel, Canadian Jewish Review, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus, Cell-mediated immunity, Comparative anatomy, Copley Medal, Darwinism, Docent, Emil von Behring, Ernst Haeckel, Fauna, Ferdinand Cohn, France, Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, Fritz Müller, Germany, Gerontology, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, Heligoland, Historical Romanian ranks and titles, Humoral immunity, Immune system, Immunology, Imperial Guard (Russia), Inflammation, Innate immune system, Ireland, Irish Medical Journal, Kharkiv, Kharkov Governorate, Kupiansk Raion, Lactic acid, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Larva, Louis Pasteur, Macrophage, Messina, Microorganism, Molecular mass, N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine, National University of Kharkiv, Natural science, Nebalia, ..., Nematode, Nikolai Spathari, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, North Sea, Odessa, Odessa University, Opium, Paris, Pasteur Institute, Pathogen, Paul Ehrlich, Peter Chalmers Mitchell, Phagocyte, Phagocytosis, Pierre Paul Émile Roux, Rabies, Recapitulation theory, Relapsing fever, Romanian language, Royal Society, Rudolf Leuckart, Rudolf Virchow, Russia, Russian Empire, Russians, Saint Petersburg State University, Senescence, Sepiola, Sexually transmitted infection, Soviet Union, Spirochaete, Stanislav Tsalyk, Starfish, Suicide attempt, Syphilis, The New England Journal of Medicine, Trematoda, Tuberculosis, Typhoid fever, Ukraine, Unified atomic mass unit, United States, University of Cambridge, University of Göttingen, University of Giessen, University of Vienna, University of Würzburg, Vaccine, Virchows Archiv, White blood cell, Yogurt, Zoology. Expand index (52 more) »
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
The Academy of Fine Arts, Munich (Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, also known as Munich Academy) is one of the oldest and most significant art academies in Germany.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Academy of Fine Arts, Munich · See more »
Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts)
The Albert Medal of the Royal Society of Arts (RSA) was instituted in 1864 as a memorial to Prince Albert, who had been President of the Society for 18 years.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts) · See more »
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II (p; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was the Emperor of Russia from the 2nd March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Alexander II of Russia · See more »
Alexander Kovalevsky
Alexander Onufrievich Kovalevsky (Aleksander Kowalewski, 7 November 1840 in Vārkava, Vitebsk Governorate (present-day Vārkava Municipality, Latvia) – 1901), also written Alexander Kowalevsky, was a Russian embryologist of Polish descent, who studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg and became professor at St Petersburg.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Alexander Kovalevsky · See more »
Alternation of generations
Alternation of generations (also known as metagenesis) is the type of life cycle that occurs in those plants and algae in the Archaeplastida and the Heterokontophyta that have distinct sexual haploid and asexual diploid stages.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Alternation of generations · See more »
Atheism
Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Atheism · See more »
Calomel
Calomel is a mercury chloride mineral with formula (Hg2)2+Cl2 (see mercury(I) chloride).
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Calomel · See more »
Canadian Jewish Review
The Canadian Jewish Review was a Canadian weekly newspaper, published in English between 1921 and 1966.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Canadian Jewish Review · See more »
Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus
Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus (2 January 1835 – 18 January 1899) was a German zoologist.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus · See more »
Cell-mediated immunity
Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Cell-mediated immunity · See more »
Comparative anatomy
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Comparative anatomy · See more »
Copley Medal
The Copley Medal is a scientific award given by the Royal Society, for "outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science." It alternates between the physical and the biological sciences.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Copley Medal · See more »
Darwinism
Darwinism is a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Darwinism · See more »
Docent
Docent is a title at some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks at or below the full professor rank.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Docent · See more »
Emil von Behring
Emil von Behring (Emil Adolf von Behring), born as Emil Adolf Behring (15 March 1854 – 31 March 1917), was a German physiologist who received the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the first one awarded, for his discovery of a diphtheria antitoxin.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Emil von Behring · See more »
Ernst Haeckel
Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist, and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, and Protista. Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the influential but no longer widely held recapitulation theory ("ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny") claiming that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarises its species' evolutionary development, or phylogeny.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Ernst Haeckel · See more »
Fauna
Fauna is all of the animal life of any particular region or time.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Fauna · See more »
Ferdinand Cohn
Ferdinand Julius Cohn (24 January 1828 – 25 June 1898) was a German biologist.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Ferdinand Cohn · See more »
France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and France · See more »
Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle
Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (9 July 1809 – 13 May 1885) was a German physician, pathologist, and anatomist.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle · See more »
Fritz Müller
Johann Friedrich Theodor Müller (31 March 1821 – 21 May 1897), better known as Fritz Müller, and also as Müller-Desterro, was a German biologist who emigrated to southern Brazil, where he lived in and near the German community of Blumenau, Santa Catarina.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Fritz Müller · See more »
Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Germany · See more »
Gerontology
Gerontology is the study of the social, cultural, psychological, cognitive, and biological aspects of ageing.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Gerontology · See more »
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of bacterial differentiation.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Gram-negative bacteria · See more »
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their cell wall.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Gram-positive bacteria · See more »
Heligoland
Heligoland (Helgoland; Heligolandic Frisian: deät Lun, Mooring Frisian: Hålilönj) is a small German archipelago in the North Sea.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Heligoland · See more »
Historical Romanian ranks and titles
This is a glossary of historical Romanian ranks and titles used in the principalities of Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania, and later in Romania.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Historical Romanian ranks and titles · See more »
Humoral immunity
Humoral immunity or humoural immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Humoral immunity · See more »
Immune system
The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Immune system · See more »
Immunology
Immunology is a branch of biology that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Immunology · See more »
Imperial Guard (Russia)
The Russian Imperial Guard, officially known as the Leib Guard (Лейб-гвардия leyb-gvardiya, from German Leib "Body"; cf. Life Guards / Bodyguard) were military units serving as personal guards of the Emperor of Russia.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Imperial Guard (Russia) · See more »
Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Inflammation · See more »
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the non-specific immune system or in-born immunity system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms involved in the defense of the host from infection by other organisms.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Innate immune system · See more »
Ireland
Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Ireland · See more »
Irish Medical Journal
The Irish Medical Journal is a peer-reviewed Irish medical publication founded in 1867.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Irish Medical Journal · See more »
Kharkiv
Kharkiv (Ха́рків), also known as Kharkov (Ха́рьков) from Russian, is the second-largest city in Ukraine.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Kharkiv · See more »
Kharkov Governorate
Kharkov Governorate (Ха́рьковская губе́рния/ Khár'kovskaya gubérniya) was a governorate of the Russian Empire founded in 1835.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Kharkov Governorate · See more »
Kupiansk Raion
Kupianskyi Raion is a district in Ukraine in Kharkiv Oblast.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Kupiansk Raion · See more »
Lactic acid
Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Lactic acid · See more »
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus · See more »
Larva
A larva (plural: larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Larva · See more »
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Louis Pasteur · See more »
Macrophage
Macrophages (big eaters, from Greek μακρός (makrós).
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Macrophage · See more »
Messina
Messina (Sicilian: Missina; Messana, Μεσσήνη) is the capital of the Italian Metropolitan City of Messina.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Messina · See more »
Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Microorganism · See more »
Molecular mass
Relative Molecular mass or molecular weight is the mass of a molecule.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Molecular mass · See more »
N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or N-formyl-met-leu-phe) is a N-formylated tripeptide and sometimes simply referred to as chemotactic peptide is a potent polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotactic factor and is also a macrophage activator. FMLP is the prototypical representative of the N-fomylated oligopeptide family of chemotactic factors. These oligopeptides are known to be, or mimic the actions of, the N-formyl oligopeptides that are (a) released by tissue bacteria, (b) attract and activate circulating blood leukocytes by binding to specific G protein coupled receptors on these cells, and (c) thereby direct the inflammatory response to sites of bacterial invasion. FMLP is involved in the innate immunity mechanism for host defense against pathogens. FMLP led to the first discovery of a leukocyte receptor for a chemotactic factor, defined three different types of FMLP receptors that have complimentary and/or opposing effects on inflammatory responses as well as many other activities, and helped define the stimulus-response coupling mechanisms by which diverse chemotactic factors and their G protein coupled receptors induce cellular function.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine · See more »
National University of Kharkiv
The Karazin University (Каразінський університет) or officially the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (Харківський національний університет імені В. Н. Каразіна) is one of the major universities in Ukraine, and earlier in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and National University of Kharkiv · See more »
Natural science
Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Natural science · See more »
Nebalia
Nebalia is a large genus of small crustaceans containing more than half of the species in the order Leptostraca, with over thirty species.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Nebalia · See more »
Nematode
The nematodes or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes).
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Nematode · See more »
Nikolai Spathari
Nikolai Spathari (Nikolai Gavrilovich Spathari; 1636–1708), also known as Nicolae Milescu and Nicolae Milescu Spătaru (first name also Neculai, signing in Latin as Nicolao Spadario Moldavo-Lacone, Nikolaye Gavrilovich Milesku), or Spătarul Milescu-Cârnu (trans.: "Chancellor Milescu the Snub-nosed"), was a Moldavian writer, diplomat and traveler.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Nikolai Spathari · See more »
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine · See more »
North Sea
The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and North Sea · See more »
Odessa
Odessa (Оде́са; Оде́сса; אַדעס) is the third most populous city of Ukraine and a major tourism center, seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Odessa · See more »
Odessa University
Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University (Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова, Одесский национальный университет имени И. И. Мечникова), located in Odessa, Ukraine, is one of the country's major universities, named after the scientist Élie Metchnikoff (who studied immunology, microbiology, and evolutionary embryology), a Nobel prizewinner in 1908.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Odessa University · See more »
Opium
Opium (poppy tears, with the scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (scientific name: Papaver somniferum).
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Opium · See more »
Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Paris · See more »
Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute (Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Pasteur Institute · See more »
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Pathogen · See more »
Paul Ehrlich
Paul Ehrlich (14 March 1854 – 20 August 1915) was a German Jewish physician and scientist who worked in the fields of hematology, immunology, and antimicrobial chemotherapy.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Paul Ehrlich · See more »
Peter Chalmers Mitchell
Sir Peter Chalmers Mitchell, CBE, FRS, DSc, LLD (23 November 1864 – 2 July 1945), zoologist, was Secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1903 to 1935.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Peter Chalmers Mitchell · See more »
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Phagocyte · See more »
Phagocytosis
In cell biology, phagocytosis is the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal compartment known as a phagosome.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Phagocytosis · See more »
Pierre Paul Émile Roux
Pierre Paul Émile Roux FRS (17 December 1853, Confolens, Charente – 3 November 1933, Paris) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Pierre Paul Émile Roux · See more »
Rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Rabies · See more »
Recapitulation theory
The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism—often expressed using Ernst Haeckel's phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"—is a historical hypothesis that the development of the embryo of an animal, from fertilization to gestation or hatching (ontogeny), goes through stages resembling or representing successive stages in the evolution of the animal's remote ancestors (phylogeny).
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Recapitulation theory · See more »
Relapsing fever
Relapsing fever is a vector-borne disease caused by infection with certain bacteria in the genus Borrelia, which are transmitted through the bites of lice or soft-bodied ticks (genus Ornithodoros).
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Relapsing fever · See more »
Romanian language
Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: limba română, "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is an East Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Romanian language · See more »
Royal Society
The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Royal Society · See more »
Rudolf Leuckart
Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf Leuckart (7 October 1822 – 22 February 1898) was a German zoologist born in Helmstedt.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Rudolf Leuckart · See more »
Rudolf Virchow
Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician, known for his advancement of public health.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Rudolf Virchow · See more »
Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Russia · See more »
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Russian Empire · See more »
Russians
Russians (русские, russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. The majority of Russians inhabit the nation state of Russia, while notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic states. A large Russian diaspora also exists all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Israel, and Canada. Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. The Russians share many cultural traits with their fellow East Slavic counterparts, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. They are predominantly Orthodox Christians by religion. The Russian language is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and also spoken as a secondary language in many former Soviet states.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Russians · See more »
Saint Petersburg State University
Saint Petersburg State University (SPbU, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, СПбГУ) is a Russian federal state-owned higher education institution based in Saint Petersburg.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Saint Petersburg State University · See more »
Senescence
Senescence or biological ageing is the gradual deterioration of function characteristic of most complex lifeforms, arguably found in all biological kingdoms, that on the level of the organism increases mortality after maturation.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Senescence · See more »
Sepiola
Sepiola is a genus of bobtail squid comprising around 15 species.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Sepiola · See more »
Sexually transmitted infection
Sexually transmitted infections (STI), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STD) or venereal diseases (VD), are infections that are commonly spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Sexually transmitted infection · See more »
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Soviet Union · See more »
Spirochaete
A spirochaete or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetes, which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Spirochaete · See more »
Stanislav Tsalyk
Stanislav Tsalyk (Станісла́в Микола́йович Ца́лик; born July 23, 1962) is a Ukrainian writer, an essayist, a local history expert, and a BBC history writer.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Stanislav Tsalyk · See more »
Starfish
Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Starfish · See more »
Suicide attempt
A suicide attempt is an attempt where a person tries to commit suicide but survives.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Suicide attempt · See more »
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Syphilis · See more »
The New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and The New England Journal of Medicine · See more »
Trematoda
Trematoda is a class within the phylum Platyhelminthes.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Trematoda · See more »
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Tuberculosis · See more »
Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to ''Salmonella'' typhi that causes symptoms.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Typhoid fever · See more »
Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Ukraine · See more »
Unified atomic mass unit
The unified atomic mass unit or dalton (symbol: u, or Da) is a standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale (atomic mass).
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Unified atomic mass unit · See more »
United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and United States · See more »
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and University of Cambridge · See more »
University of Göttingen
The University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, GAU, known informally as Georgia Augusta) is a public research university in the city of Göttingen, Germany.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and University of Göttingen · See more »
University of Giessen
Giessen University, official name Justus Liebig University Giessen (German: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen), is a large public research university in Giessen, Hesse, Germany.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and University of Giessen · See more »
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna (Universität Wien) is a public university located in Vienna, Austria.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and University of Vienna · See more »
University of Würzburg
The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg) is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and University of Würzburg · See more »
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Vaccine · See more »
Virchows Archiv
Virchows Archiv: European Journal of Pathology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal of all aspects of pathology, especially human pathology.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Virchows Archiv · See more »
White blood cell
White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and White blood cell · See more »
Yogurt
Yogurt, yoghurt, or yoghourt (or; from yoğurt; other spellings listed below) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Yogurt · See more »
Zoology
Zoology or animal biology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.
New!!: Élie Metchnikoff and Zoology · See more »
Redirects here:
Eli Metchnikoff, Elias Metchnikoff, Elie Metchnikoff, Elie Metschnikoff, I. I. Mechnikov, I. Mechnikov, Ilja Iljitsch Metschnikow, Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Ilya Ilyich Metchnikoff, Ilya Ilyich Metchnikov, Ilya Mechnikov, Ilya Metchnikoff, Metchnikoff, Metchnikoff, Elie, Metchnikoff, Élie.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Élie_Metchnikoff
