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137 relations: A1, Abetalipoproteinemia, Acne, ADH1B, ADH4, ADH6, ADH7, Albumin, Alcohol dehydrogenase, ALDH1A2, All-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase, Androgen-binding protein, Anti-aging cream, Antioxidant, Apocarotenal, Apocarotenoid, Archaea, ATC code A11, ATC code D10, ATC code R01, ATC code S01, Autofluorescence, Barking Abbey School, Beta barrel, Beta-Carotene, Biotinylated retinoids, Breast milk, Bruise, C20H30O, California Proposition 65 list of chemicals, Carnivore, Carotene, Carotenoid, Carotenoid oxygenase, Cat, Cod liver oil, CRAL-TRIO domain, Cryptoxanthin, Diterpene, Ethanol metabolism, Facilitated diffusion, Food fortification, French flag model, Gamma-Carotene, Gold (color), Golden rice, Greenpeace, Hans Konrad Biesalski, Helminth protein, Hepatic stellate cell, ..., Human tooth development, Hypervitaminosis A, Iñupiat, Index of oncology articles, Infantile cortical hyperostosis, International unit, Ionone, Isoprene, Jejunoileal bypass, Kimchi, Kitten, Lecithin retinol acyltransferase, Lipid, Lipid signaling, Lipocalin, List of biomolecules, List of compounds with carbon number 20, List of drugs: Ad-Ak, List of drugs: Al, List of drugs: Re, List of food additives, List of human blood components, List of MeSH codes (D12.776), List of MeSH codes (D12.776.124), List of MeSH codes (D12.776.157), Liver, Liver (food), Management of Crohn's disease, Morphogen, Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies, N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10, Nutrition and cognition, Nutritional neuroscience, Nyctalopia, Oxalis tuberosa, Palmitic acid, Pelagibacterales, Peritubular myoid cell, Plant stanol ester, Polar bear, Protein contact map, Proteins produced and secreted by the liver, Provitamin, Races and creatures in His Dark Materials, RBP1, Retinal, Retinal dehydrogenase, Retinal isomerase, Retinal oxidase, Retinene, Retinoic acid, Retinoid, Retinol binding protein 4, Retinol dehydrogenase, Retinol isomerase, Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase, Retinol-binding protein, Retinyl acetate, Retinyl palmitate, Retinyl-palmitate esterase, Riboflavin, Rose hip seed oil, Royal jelly, RPE65, Ruth Hubbard, Sandra Lee (dermatologist), Saturated and unsaturated compounds, Signal transduction, Skin care, Steroidogenesis inhibitor, Stewart Springer, Terpene, Tiger shark, Transthyretin, Veganism, Visual phototransduction, Vitamer, Vitamin, Vitamin A, Vitamin A deficiency, Vitamin A receptor, Vitamin E, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children, Xerophthalmia, 1-Lysophosphatidylcholine, 11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase. Expand index (87 more) »
A1
A1, A-1 or A.1.may refer to.
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Abetalipoproteinemia
Abetalipoproteinemia is a disorder that interferes with the normal absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins from food.
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Acne
Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin.
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ADH1B
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADH1B gene.
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ADH4
Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADH4 gene.
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ADH6
Alcohol dehydrogenase 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADH6 gene.
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ADH7
Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADH7 gene.
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Albumin
The albumins (formed from Latin: albumen "(egg) white; dried egg white") are a family of globular proteins, the most common of which are the serum albumins.
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Alcohol dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes or ketones with the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ to NADH).
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ALDH1A2
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2, also known as ALDH1A2 or retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDH1A2 gene.
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All-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase
In enzymology, an all-trans-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are all-trans-retinyl palmitate and H2O, whereas its two products are all-trans-retinol and palmitate.
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Androgen-binding protein
Androgen-binding protein (ABP) is a glycoprotein (beta-globulin) produced by the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis that binds specifically to testosterone (T), dy hydrotestosterone (DHT), and 17-beta-estradiol.
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Anti-aging cream
Anti-aging creams are predominantly moisturiser-based cosmeceutical skin care products marketed with the promise of making the consumer look younger by reducing, masking or preventing signs of skin aging.
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Antioxidant
Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules.
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Apocarotenal
Apocarotenal, or trans-β-apo-8'-carotenal, is a carotenoid found in spinach and citrus fruits.
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Apocarotenoid
Apocarotenoids are organic compounds which occur widely in living organisms.
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Archaea
Archaea (or or) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms.
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ATC code A11
A11.
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ATC code D10
D10.
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ATC code R01
R01.
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ATC code S01
S01.
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Autofluorescence
Autofluorescence is the natural emission of light by biological structures such as mitochondria and lysosomes when they have absorbed light, and is used to distinguish the light originating from artificially added fluorescent markers (fluorophores).
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Barking Abbey School
Barking Abbey School is a secondary school located in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham.
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Beta barrel
A beta barrel is a beta-sheet that twists and coils to form a closed structure in which the first strand is hydrogen bonded to the last.
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Beta-Carotene
β-Carotene is an organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits.
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Biotinylated retinoids
Biotinylated retinoids are derivatives of retinol (vitamin A) carrying a biotin group for use in the isolation and purification of Retinol Binding Proteins involved in the visual cycle.
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Breast milk
Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts (or mammary glands) of a human female to feed a child.
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Bruise
A contusion, commonly known as a bruise, is a type of hematoma of tissue in which capillaries and sometimes venules are damaged by trauma, allowing blood to seep, hemorrhage, or extravasate into the surrounding interstitial tissues.
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C20H30O
The molecular formula C20H30O (molar mass: 286.45 g/mol, exact mass: 286.229666 u) may refer to.
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California Proposition 65 list of chemicals
The following is a list of chemicals published as a requirement of Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, commonly known as California Proposition 65, that are "known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity" as of December 29, 2017.
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Carnivore
A carnivore, meaning "meat eater" (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning "meat" or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.
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Carotene
The term carotene (also carotin, from the Latin carota, "carrot") is used for many related unsaturated hydrocarbon substances having the formula C40Hx, which are synthesized by plants but in general cannot be made by animals (with the exception of some aphids and spider mites which acquired the synthesizing genes from fungi).
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Carotenoid
Carotenoids, also called tetraterpenoids, are organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria and fungi.
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Carotenoid oxygenase
Carotenoid oxygenases are a family of enzymes involved in the cleavage of carotenoids to produce, for example, retinol, commonly known as vitamin A. This family includes an enzyme known as RPE65 which is abundantly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium where it catalyzed the formation of 11-cis-retinol from all-trans-retinyl esters.
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Cat
The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus) is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.
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Cod liver oil
Cod liver oil is a dietary supplement derived from liver of cod fish (Gadidae).
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CRAL-TRIO domain
CRAL-TRIO domain is a protein structural domain that binds small lipophilic molecules.
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Cryptoxanthin
Cryptoxanthin is a natural carotenoid pigment.
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Diterpene
Diterpenes are a class of chemical compounds composed of two terpene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32.
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Ethanol metabolism
Ethanol, an alcohol found in nature and in alcoholic drinks, is metabolized through a complex catabolic metabolic pathway.
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Facilitated diffusion
Facilitated diffusion (also known as facilitated transport or passive-mediated transport) is the process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.
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Food fortification
Food fortification or enrichment is the process of adding micronutrients (essential trace elements and vitamins) to food.
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French flag model
The French flag model is a conceptual definition of a morphogen, described by Lewis Wolpert in the 1960s.
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Gamma-Carotene
γ-Carotene is a carotenoid, and is a biosynthetic intermediate for cyclized carotenoid synthesis in plants.
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Gold (color)
Gold, also called golden, is a color.
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Golden rice
"cultivar"/"strain".
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Greenpeace
Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over 39 countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Hans Konrad Biesalski
Hans Konrad Biesalski (* 14 April 1949 in Marburg) is a German physician and professor of biological chemistry and nutritional medicine at the University of Hohenheim.
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Helminth protein
A helminth protein, or helminthic antigen, is a protein derived from a parasitic worm that causes an immune reaction.
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Hepatic stellate cell
Hepatic stellate cells (here HSC), also known as perisinusoidal cells or Ito cells (earlier lipocytes or fat-storing cells), are pericytes found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver, also known as the space of Disse (a small area between the sinusoids and hepatocytes).
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Human tooth development
Tooth development or odontogenesis is the complex process by which teeth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt into the mouth.
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Hypervitaminosis A
Hypervitaminosis A refers to the toxic effects of ingesting too much preformed vitamin A. Symptoms arise as a result of altered bone metabolism and altered metabolism of other fat-soluble vitamins.
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Iñupiat
The Iñupiat (or Inupiaq) are a native Alaskan people, whose traditional territory spans Norton Sound on the Bering Sea to the Canada–United States border.
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Index of oncology articles
This is a list of terms related to oncology.
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Infantile cortical hyperostosis
Infantile cortical hyperostosis is a self-limited inflammatory disorder of infants that causes bone changes, soft tissue swelling and irritability.
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International unit
In pharmacology, the international unit is a unit of measurement for the amount of a substance; the mass or volume that constitutes one international unit varies based on which substance is being measured, and the variance is based on the biological activity or effect, for the purpose of easier comparison across substances.
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Ionone
The ionones are a series of closely related chemical substances that are part of a group of compounds known as rose ketones, which also includes damascones and damascenones.
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Isoprene
Isoprene, or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is a common organic compound with the formula CH2.
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Jejunoileal bypass
Jejunoileal bypass (JIB) was a surgical weight-loss procedure performed for the relief of morbid obesity from the 1950s through the 1970s in which all but 30 cm (12 in) to 45 cm (18 in) of the small bowel were detached and set to the side.
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Kimchi
Kimchi (gimchi), a staple in Korean cuisine, is a traditional side dish made from salted and fermented vegetables, most commonly napa cabbage and Korean radishes, with a variety of seasonings including chili powder, scallions, garlic, ginger, and jeotgal (salted seafood).
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Kitten
A kitten is a juvenile cat.
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Lecithin retinol acyltransferase
Lecithin retinol acyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LRAT gene.
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Lipid
In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.
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Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses.
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Lipocalin
The lipocalins are a family of proteins which transport small hydrophobic molecules such as steroids, bilins, retinoids, and lipids.
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List of biomolecules
This is a list of articles that describe particular biomolecules or types of biomolecules.
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List of compounds with carbon number 20
This is a partial list of molecules that contain 20 carbon atoms.
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List of drugs: Ad-Ak
No description.
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List of drugs: Al
No description.
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List of drugs: Re
No description.
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List of food additives
;Acids: Food acids are added to make flavors "sharper", and also act as preservatives and antioxidants.
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List of human blood components
In blood banking, the fractions of Whole Blood used for transfusion are also called components.
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List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
This is part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.
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List of MeSH codes (D12.776.124)
This is a sub-part (blood proteins only) of List of MeSH codes (D12.776), itself a part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.
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List of MeSH codes (D12.776.157)
This is a sub-part (carrier proteins only) of List of MeSH codes (D12.776), itself a part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Liver (food)
The liver of mammals, fowl, and fish is commonly eaten as food by humans.
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Management of Crohn's disease
Management of Crohn's disease involves first treating the acute symptoms of the disease, then maintaining remission.
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Morphogen
A morphogen is a substance whose non-uniform distribution governs the pattern of tissue development in the process of morphogenesis or pattern formation, one of the core processes of developmental biology, establishing positions of the various specialized cell types within a tissue.
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Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies
Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies named after M.V. Lomonosov (traditional abbreviation "MITHT") is one of the oldest universities in the country that offer training in a wide range of specialties in the field of chemical technology.
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N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10
N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10 (NAA10) also known as NatA catalytic subunit Naa10 and arrest-defective protein 1 homolog A (ARD1A) is an enzyme subunit that in humans is encoded NAA10 gene.
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Nutrition and cognition
Relatively speaking, the brain consumes an immense amount of energy in comparison to the rest of the body.
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Nutritional neuroscience
Nutritional neuroscience is the scientific discipline that studies the effects various components of the diet such as minerals, vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats, dietary supplements, synthetic hormones, and food additives have on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behavior, and cognition.
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Nyctalopia
Nyctalopia, also called night-blindness, is a condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light.
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Oxalis tuberosa
Oxalis tuberosa is a perennial herbaceous plant that overwinters as underground stem tubers.
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Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.
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Pelagibacterales
The Pelagibacterales is an order in the Alphaproteobacteria composed of free-living bacteria that make up roughly one in three cells at the ocean's surface.
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Peritubular myoid cell
A peritubular myoid (PTM) cell is one of the smooth muscle cells which surround the seminiferous tubules in the testis.
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Plant stanol ester
Stanol esters are a heterogeneous group of phytosterol esters with a saturated sterol ring structure known to reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in blood when ingested.
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Polar bear
The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a hypercarnivorous bear whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle, encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses.
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Protein contact map
A protein contact map represents the distance between all possible amino acid residue pairs of a three-dimensional protein structure using a binary two-dimensional matrix.
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Proteins produced and secreted by the liver
The liver plays the major role in producing proteins that are secreted into the blood, including major plasma proteins, factors in hemostasis and fibrinolysis, carrier proteins, hormones, prohormones and apolipoprotein.
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Provitamin
A provitamin is a substance that may be converted within the body to a vitamin.
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Races and creatures in His Dark Materials
This is a list of fictional races and creatures in the His Dark Materials series by Philip Pullman.
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RBP1
Retinol binding protein 1, cellular, also known as RBP1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBP1 gene.
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Retinal
Retinal is also known as retinaldehyde.
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Retinal dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a retinal dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are retinal, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its 3 products are retinoic acid, NADH, and H+.
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Retinal isomerase
In enzymology, a retinal isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerisation of trans Retinal in eye into 11-cis-retinal which is form suitable to bind with protein opsin.
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Retinal oxidase
In enzymology, a retinal oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction The 3 substrates of this enzyme are retinal, O2, and H2O, whereas its two products are retinoic acid and H2O2.
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Retinene
The Retinenes (Retinene1 and Retinene2) are chemical derivatives of the dietary supplement vitamin A (see retinol) formed through oxidation reactions.
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Retinoic acid
Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) that mediates the functions of vitamin A required for growth and development.
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Retinoid
The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are vitamers of vitamin A or are chemically related to it.
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Retinol binding protein 4
Retinol binding protein 4, plasma, also known as RBP4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBP4 gene.
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Retinol dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Sometimes, in addition to or along with NAD+, NADP+ can act as a preferred cofactor in the reaction as well.
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Retinol isomerase
In enzymology, a retinol isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, all-trans-retinol, and one product, 11-cis-retinol.
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Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase
In enzymology, a retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and retinol, whereas its two products are CoA and retinyl ester.
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Retinol-binding protein
Retinol-binding proteins (RBP) are a family of proteins with diverse functions.
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Retinyl acetate
Retinyl acetate (retinol acetate, vitamin A acetate) is a natural form of vitamin A which is the acetate ester of retinol.
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Retinyl palmitate
Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol (vitamin A) and palmitic acid, with formula C36H60O2.
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Retinyl-palmitate esterase
In enzymology, a retinyl-palmitate esterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are retinyl palmitate and H2O, whereas its two products are retinol and palmitate.
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Riboflavin
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
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Rose hip seed oil
Rose hip seed oil is a pressed seed oil, extracted from the seeds of the wild rose bush (Rosa moschata or Rosa rubiginosa) in the southern Andes.
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Royal jelly
Royal jelly is a honey bee secretion that is used in the nutrition of larvae, as well as adult queens.
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RPE65
Retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65 kDa protein, also known as retinoid isomerohydrolase, is an enzyme of the vertebrate visual cycle that is encoded in humans by the RPE65 gene.
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Ruth Hubbard
Ruth Hubbard (March 3, 1924 – September 1, 2016) was a professor of biology at Harvard University, where she was the first woman to hold a tenured professorship position in biology.
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Sandra Lee (dermatologist)
Dr.
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Saturated and unsaturated compounds
In organic chemistry, a saturated compound is a chemical compound that has single bonds.
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Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
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Skin care
Skin care is the range of practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance and relieve skin conditions.
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Steroidogenesis inhibitor
A steroidogenesis inhibitor, also known as a steroid biosynthesis inhibitor, is a type of drug which inhibits one or more of the enzymes that are involved in the process of steroidogenesis, the biosynthesis of endogenous steroids and steroid hormones.
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Stewart Springer
Stewart Springer (5 June 190623 August 1991) was an American ichthyologist and herpetologist.
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Terpene
Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers, and by some insects.
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Tiger shark
The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is a species of requiem shark and the only extant member of the genus Galeocerdo.
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Transthyretin
Transthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid that carries the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and retinol-binding protein bound to retinol.
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Veganism
Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.
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Visual phototransduction
Visual phototransduction is the sensory transduction of the visual system.
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Vitamer
A vitamer of a particular vitamin is any of a number of chemical compounds, generally having a similar molecular structure, each of which shows vitamin-activity in a vitamin-deficient biological system.
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Vitamin
A vitamin is an organic molecule (or related set of molecules) which is an essential micronutrient - that is, a substance which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism - but cannot synthesize it (either at all, or in sufficient quantities), and therefore it must be obtained through the diet.
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Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene).
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Vitamin A deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) or hypovitaminosis A is a lack of vitamin A in blood and tissues.
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Vitamin A receptor
Vitamin A receptor (also known as "Stimulated by retinoic acid 6," or STRA6 protein) was originally discovered as a transmembrane cell-surface receptor for retinol-binding protein.
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Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a group of eight compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children is a list, proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), of the most effective and safe medicines for use in children up to 12 years of age needed to meet the most important needs in a basic health-care system.
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Xerophthalmia
Xerophthalmia (from Ancient Greek xērós (ξηρός) meaning dry and ophthalmos (οφθαλμός) meaning eye) is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears.
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1-Lysophosphatidylcholine
2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines are a class of phospholipids that are intermediates in the metabolism of lipids.
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11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase
In enzymology, a 11-cis-retinyl-palmitate hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 11-cis-retinyl palmitate and H2O, whereas its two products are 11-cis-retinol and palmitate.
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Redirects here:
ATC code A11CA01, ATC code D10AD02, ATC code R01AX02, ATC code S01XA02, ATCvet code QA11CA01, ATCvet code QD10AD02, ATCvet code QR01AX02, ATCvet code QS01XA02, Afaxin, Alphalin, Polar bear liver, Retinol equivalent, Retinol metabolism, Retinol-binding proteins, Trans retinol, Vi-dom-a, Vitamin A1, Vitamin a solubilized.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol
