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139 relations: Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor, Aerosol, Alloy, Aluminium oxide, Anode, Antimony, Argon, Austria, Barium, Boiling water reactor, Brittleness, Burnup, Caesium, Caesium-137, Carbon, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Chalk River Laboratories, Chemical substance, Chernobyl disaster, Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations, Concrete, Containment building, Corium (nuclear reactor), Corrosion, Corrosion inhibitor, Creep (deformation), Critical heat flux, Crucible, Decay heat, Diameter, Dielectric spectroscopy, Ductility, Electrochemistry, Equation, Fracture, Fuel, Fuse (electrical), Galvanic anode, Gas, Germany, Gold, Graphite, Heat transfer, Helium, Hydrazine, Hydride, Hydrogen, Hydrogen peroxide, Hypoxia (environmental), ..., Idaho National Laboratory, Indium, Institute for Transuranium Elements, International Atomic Energy Agency, Iodine, Irradiation, Isotopes of caesium, Isotopes of ruthenium, Isotopes of xenon, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Krypton, Leidenfrost effect, Loss-of-coolant accident, Magnox, Martin Knudsen, Moderation, Molecule, Molybdenum, Nanoparticle, NASA, Neodymium, Neutron activation, Neutron temperature, Noble gas, Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents, Nuclear Energy Agency, Nuclear fission product, Nuclear flask, Nuclear fuel, Nuclear power, Nuclear reactor, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Nuclear Safety Research Reactor, Nucleation, NUREG-1150, OECD, Oxygen, P-wave, Palladium, Physics, Post Irradiation Examination, Power density, Pressure, Pressurized water reactor, Radiation, Radiolysis, Reactor pressure vessel, Redox, Royal Institute of Technology, Ruthenium, Sand, Scanning electron microscope, Scram, Silicate, Silicone, SL-1, Solid solution, Spent fuel pool, Spinel, Stainless steel, Steam, Steam explosion, Steel, Stockholm, Stress corrosion cracking, Sweden, Technetium, Tellurium, Temperature, Thermal conductivity, Thermal expansion, Thermal stress, Thermite, Thermocouple, Thesis, Three Mile Island accident, Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station, Tin, Tonne, Toughness, Uranium, Uranium dioxide, Xenon, Yttria-stabilized zirconia, Zirconium, Zirconium alloy, Zirconium dioxide, Zirconium(IV) silicate, ZND detonation model. Expand index (89 more) »
Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor
The Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR) is a type of nuclear reactor designed and operated in the United Kingdom.
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Aerosol
An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas.
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Alloy
An alloy is a combination of metals or of a metal and another element.
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Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oxide (British English) or aluminum oxide (American English) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula 23.
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Anode
An anode is an electrode through which the conventional current enters into a polarized electrical device.
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Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from stibium) and atomic number 51.
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Argon
Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18.
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Austria
Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.
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Barium
Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56.
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Boiling water reactor
The boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of light water nuclear reactor used for the generation of electrical power.
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Brittleness
# A material is brittle if, when subjected to stress, it breaks without significant plastic deformation.
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Burnup
In nuclear power technology, burnup (also known as fuel utilization) is a measure of how much energy is extracted from a primary nuclear fuel source.
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Caesium
Caesium (British spelling and IUPAC spelling) or cesium (American spelling) is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55.
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Caesium-137
Caesium-137 (Cs-137), cesium-137, or radiocaesium, is a radioactive isotope of caesium which is formed as one of the more common fission products by the nuclear fission of uranium-235 and other fissionable isotopes in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.
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Carbon
Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.
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Chalk River Laboratories
Chalk River Laboratories (Laboratoires de Chalk River; also known as CRL, Chalk River Labs and formerly Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories) is a Canadian nuclear research facility in Deep River, Renfrew County, Ontario, near Chalk River, about north-west of Ottawa.
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Chemical substance
A chemical substance, also known as a pure substance, is a form of matter that consists of molecules of the same composition and structure.
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Chernobyl disaster
The Chernobyl disaster, also referred to as the Chernobyl accident, was a catastrophic nuclear accident.
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Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations
The Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations is a committee of the OECD/NEA.
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Concrete
Concrete, usually Portland cement concrete, is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens over time—most frequently a lime-based cement binder, such as Portland cement, but sometimes with other hydraulic cements, such as a calcium aluminate cement.
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Containment building
A containment building, in its most common usage, is a reinforced steel or lead structure enclosing a nuclear reactor.
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Corium (nuclear reactor)
Corium (also called fuel containing material (FCM) or lava-like fuel containing material (LFCM)) is the lava-like mixture of fissile material created in a nuclear reactor's core during a nuclear meltdown.
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Corrosion
Corrosion is a natural process, which converts a refined metal to a more chemically-stable form, such as its oxide, hydroxide, or sulfide.
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Corrosion inhibitor
A corrosion inhibitor is a chemical compound that, when added to a liquid or gas, decreases the corrosion rate of a material, typically a metal or an alloy.
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Creep (deformation)
In materials science, creep (sometimes called cold flow) is the tendency of a solid material to move slowly or deform permanently under the influence of mechanical stresses.
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Critical heat flux
Critical heat flux (CHF) describes the thermal limit of a phenomenon where a phase change occurs during heating (such as bubbles forming on a metal surface used to heat water), which suddenly decreases the efficiency of heat transfer, thus causing localised overheating of the heating surface.
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Crucible
A crucible is a container that can withstand very high temperatures and is used for metal, glass, and pigment production as well as a number of modern laboratory processes.
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Decay heat
Decay heat is the heat released as a result of radioactive decay.
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Diameter
In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle.
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Dielectric spectroscopy
Dielectric spectroscopy (which falls in a subcategory of impedance spectroscopy) measures the dielectric properties of a medium as a function of frequency.
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Ductility
Ductility is a measure of a material's ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture, which may be expressed as percent elongation or percent area reduction from a tensile test.
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Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry that studies the relationship between electricity, as a measurable and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical change, with either electricity considered an outcome of a particular chemical change or vice versa.
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Equation
In mathematics, an equation is a statement of an equality containing one or more variables.
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Fracture
A fracture is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress.
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Fuel
A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as heat energy or to be used for work.
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Fuse (electrical)
In electronics and electrical engineering, a fuse is an electrical safety device that operates to provide overcurrent protection of an electrical circuit.
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Galvanic anode
A galvanic anode is the main component of a galvanic cathodic protection (CP) system used to protect buried or submerged metal structures from corrosion.
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Gas
Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Gold
Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.
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Graphite
Graphite, archaically referred to as plumbago, is a crystalline allotrope of carbon, a semimetal, a native element mineral, and a form of coal.
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Heat transfer
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems.
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Helium
Helium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2.
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Hydrazine
Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written), called diamidogen, archaically.
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Hydride
In chemistry, a hydride is the anion of hydrogen, H−, or, more commonly, it is a compound in which one or more hydrogen centres have nucleophilic, reducing, or basic properties.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.
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Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
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Hypoxia (environmental)
Hypoxia refers to low oxygen conditions.
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Idaho National Laboratory
Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is one of the national laboratories of the United States Department of Energy and is managed by the Battelle Energy Alliance.
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Indium
Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49.
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Institute for Transuranium Elements
The Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU) was a nuclear research institute in Karlsruhe, Germany.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.
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Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.
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Irradiation
Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation.
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Isotopes of caesium
Caesium (55Cs; or cesium) has 40 known isotopes, making it, along with barium and mercury, the element with the most isotopes.
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Isotopes of ruthenium
Naturally occurring ruthenium (44Ru) is composed of seven stable isotopes.
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Isotopes of xenon
Naturally occurring xenon (54Xe) is made of eight stable isotopes and one very long-lived isotope.
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Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) (Karlsruher Institut für Technologie) is a public research university and one of the largest research and educational institutions in Germany.
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Krypton
Krypton (from translit "the hidden one") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36.
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Leidenfrost effect
The Leidenfrost effect is a physical phenomenon in which a liquid, in near contact with a mass significantly hotter than the liquid's boiling point, produces an insulating vapor layer keeping that liquid from boiling rapidly.
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Loss-of-coolant accident
A loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) is a mode of failure for a nuclear reactor; if not managed effectively, the results of a LOCA could result in reactor core damage.
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Magnox
Magnox is a type of nuclear power/production reactor that was designed to run on natural uranium with graphite as the moderator and carbon dioxide gas as the heat exchange coolant.
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Martin Knudsen
Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (February 15, 1871 in Hasmark – May 27, 1949 in Copenhagen) was a Danish physicist who taught and conducted research at the Technical University of Denmark He is primarily known for his study of molecular gas flow and the development of the Knudsen cell, which is a primary component of molecular beam epitaxy systems.
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Moderation
Moderation is the process of eliminating or lessening extremes.
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42.
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Nanoparticle
Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometres (nm) in size with a surrounding interfacial layer.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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Neodymium
Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60.
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Neutron activation
Neutron activation is the process in which neutron radiation induces radioactivity in materials, and occurs when atomic nuclei capture free neutrons, becoming heavier and entering excited states.
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Neutron temperature
The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts.
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Noble gas
The noble gases (historically also the inert gases) make up a group of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity.
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Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents
A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "an event that has led to significant consequences to people, the environment or the facility." Examples include lethal effects to individuals, radioactive isotope to the environment, or reactor core melt." The prime example of a "major nuclear accident" is one in which a reactor core is damaged and significant amounts of radioactive isotopes are released, such as in the Chernobyl disaster in 1986.
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Nuclear Energy Agency
The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is an intergovernmental agency that is organized under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
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Nuclear fission product
Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus undergoes nuclear fission.
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Nuclear flask
A nuclear flask is a shipping container that is used to transport active nuclear materials between nuclear power station and spent fuel reprocessing facilities.
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Nuclear fuel
Nuclear fuel is a substance that is used in nuclear power stations to produce heat to power turbines.
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Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.
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Nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor, formerly known as an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction.
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Nuclear Regulatory Commission
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with protecting public health and safety related to nuclear energy.
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Nuclear Safety Research Reactor
The Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR) is a TRIGA design nuclear Research reactor operated by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency.
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Nucleation
Nucleation is the first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or a new structure via self-assembly or self-organization.
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NUREG-1150
NUREG-1150 "Severe Accident Risks: An Assessment for Five U.S. Nuclear Power Plants", published December 1990 by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is a follow-up to the WASH-1400 and CRAC-II safety studies that employs the methodology of plant-specific Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA).
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OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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P-wave
A P-wave is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology.
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Palladium
Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46.
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Physics
Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
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Post Irradiation Examination
Post Irradiation Examination (PIE) is the study of used nuclear materials such as nuclear fuel.
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Power density
Power density (or volume power density or volume specific power) is the amount of power (time rate of energy transfer) per unit volume.
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Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
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Pressurized water reactor
Pressurized water reactors (PWRs) constitute the large majority of the world's nuclear power plants (notable exceptions being the United Kingdom, Japan, and Canada) and are one of three types of light water reactor (LWR), the other types being boiling water reactors (BWRs) and supercritical water reactors (SCWRs).
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Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
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Radiolysis
Radiolysis is the dissociation of molecules by ionizing radiation.
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Reactor pressure vessel
A reactor pressure vessel (RPV) in a nuclear power plant is the pressure vessel containing the nuclear reactor coolant, core shroud, and the reactor core.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Royal Institute of Technology
KTH Royal Institute of Technology (KTH; Kungliga Tekniska högskolan) is a university in Stockholm, Sweden, specialized in Engineering and Technology, it ranks highest in northern mainland Europe in its academic fields.
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Ruthenium
Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44.
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Sand
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.
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Scanning electron microscope
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.
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Scram
A scram or SCRAM is an emergency shutdown of a nuclear reactor.
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Silicate
In chemistry, a silicate is any member of a family of anions consisting of silicon and oxygen, usually with the general formula, where 0 ≤ x Silicate anions are often large polymeric molecules with an extense variety of structures, including chains and rings (as in polymeric metasilicate), double chains (as in, and sheets (as in. In geology and astronomy, the term silicate is used to mean silicate minerals, ionic solids with silicate anions; as well as rock types that consist predominantly of such minerals. In that context, the term also includes the non-ionic compound silicon dioxide (silica, quartz), which would correspond to x.
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Silicone
Silicones, also known as polysiloxanes, are polymers that include any inert, synthetic compound made up of repeating units of siloxane, which is a chain of alternating silicon atoms and oxygen atoms, combined with carbon, hydrogen, and sometimes other elements.
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SL-1
The SL-1, or Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One, was a United States Army experimental nuclear power reactor in the United States which underwent a steam explosion and meltdown on January 3, 1961, killing its three operators.
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Solid solution
A solid solution is a solid-state solution of one or more solutes in a solvent.
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Spent fuel pool
Spent fuel pools (SFP) are storage pools for spent fuel from nuclear reactors.
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Spinel
Spinel is the magnesium aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals.
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Stainless steel
In metallurgy, stainless steel, also known as inox steel or inox from French inoxydable (inoxidizable), is a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content by mass.
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Steam
Steam is water in the gas phase, which is formed when water boils.
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Steam explosion
A steam explosion is an explosion caused by violent boiling or flashing of water into steam, occurring when water is either superheated, rapidly heated by fine hot debris produced within it, or heated by the interaction of molten metals (as in a fuel–coolant interaction, or FCI, of molten nuclear-reactor fuel rods with water in a nuclear reactor core following a core-meltdown).
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Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon and other elements.
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Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.
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Stress corrosion cracking
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is the growth of crack formation in a corrosive environment.
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Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
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Technetium
Technetium is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43.
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Tellurium
Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52.
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Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.
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Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity (often denoted k, λ, or κ) is the property of a material to conduct heat.
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Thermal expansion
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in shape, area, and volume in response to a change in temperature.
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Thermal stress
Thermal stress is stress created by any change in temperature to a material.
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Thermite
Thermite is a pyrotechnic composition of metal powder, which serves as fuel, and metal oxide.
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Thermocouple
A thermocouple is an electrical device consisting of two dissimilar electrical conductors forming electrical junctions at differing temperatures.
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Thesis
A thesis or dissertation is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings.
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Three Mile Island accident
The Three Mile Island accident occurred on March 28, 1979, in reactor number 2 of Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (TMI-2) in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, near Harrisburg.
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Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station
Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (TMI) is a nuclear power plant located on Three Mile Island in Londonderry Township, Pennsylvania, on the Susquehanna River just south of Harrisburg.
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Tin
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from stannum) and atomic number 50.
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Tonne
The tonne (Non-SI unit, symbol: t), commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms;.
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Toughness
In materials science and metallurgy, toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.
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Uranium
Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92.
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Uranium dioxide
Uranium dioxide or uranium(IV) oxide (2), also known as urania or uranous oxide, is an oxide of uranium, and is a black, radioactive, crystalline powder that naturally occurs in the mineral uraninite.
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Xenon
Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54.
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Yttria-stabilized zirconia
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is a ceramic in which the crystal structure of zirconium dioxide is made stable at room temperature by an addition of yttrium oxide.
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Zirconium
Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40.
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Zirconium alloy
Zirconium alloys are solid solutions of zirconium or other metals, a common subgroup having the trade mark Zircaloy.
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Zirconium dioxide
Zirconium dioxide, sometimes known as zirconia (not to be confused with zircon), is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium.
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Zirconium(IV) silicate
Zirconium silicate, also zirconium orthosilicate, (Zr Si O4) is a chemical compound, a silicate of zirconium.
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ZND detonation model
The ZND detonation model is a one-dimensional model for the process of detonation of an explosive.
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Redirects here:
LOFT (LOCA), Nuclear fuel and reactor accidents, Nuclear fuel response to reactor accidents.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior_of_nuclear_fuel_during_a_reactor_accident
