Faster access than browser!
193 relations: Afrikaans, Allophone, Alveolar consonant, Ancient Greek, Anglo-Frisian languages, Apophony, Approximant consonant, Archaeology of Northern Europe, Article (grammar), August Schleicher, Avestan, Back vowel, Baltic languages, Bar (diacritic), Basque language, Bergakker inscription, Bilabial consonant, Boukólos rule, Bound and unbound morphemes, Brill Publishers, Causative, Celtic languages, Centum and satem languages, Chain shift, Clitic, Close vowel, Close-mid vowel, Common Era, Comparative method, Compensatory lengthening, Consonant gradation, Consonant mutation, Continental Celtic languages, Corded Ware culture, Cowgill's law, D with stroke, Danube, Deflexion (linguistics), Denominal verb, Dental consonant, Desiderative mood, Deverbal noun, Dnieper, Donald Ringe, Dorsal consonant, Dual (grammatical number), East Germanic languages, Eastern Iranian languages, Ehwaz, Eihwaz, ..., Elder Futhark, Elfdalian, Epenthesis, Ƀ, Finnic languages, Finnish language, Finno-Ugrian Society, First Grammatical Treatise, Frankish language, Fricative consonant, Front vowel, Funnelbeaker culture, Gemination, German language, Germania (book), Germanic languages, Germanic parent language, Germanic peoples, Germanic spirant law, Germanic strong verb, Germanic substrate hypothesis, Germanic umlaut, Germanic verb, Germanic weak verb, Glottal consonant, Golden Horns of Gallehus, Gothic Bible, Gothic Christianity, Gothic language, Gothic persecution of Christians, Grammatischer Wechsel, Grapheme, Greek language, Grimm's law, Hallstatt culture, Hiatus (linguistics), High German languages, Historical linguistics, History of English, Holtzmann's law, Homorganic consonant, I-mutation, Indo-European Etymological Dictionary, Indo-European languages, Ingaevones, Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law, Jacob Grimm, Kluge's law, La Tène culture, Labial–velar consonant, Language contact, Lateral consonant, Latin, Linguistic reconstruction, Low German, Mannus, Mediopassive voice, Middle Indo-Aryan languages, Migration Period, Migration Period spear, Modern English, Moesia, Mora (linguistics), Morpheme, Morphological derivation, Nasal consonant, Negau helmet, Neolithic Europe, Nordic Bronze Age, North Frisian language, North Germanic languages, North Sea Germanic, Northern Sami, Ogonek, Oksywie culture, Old English, Old High German, Old Norse, Open vowel, Open-mid vowel, Optative mood, Ossetian language, Palatal consonant, Periphrasis, Phonological history of Old English, Phylogenetic tree, Pitch-accent language, Pitted Ware culture, Plural, Pre-Indo-European, Preverb, Prosody (linguistics), Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-language, Proto-Norse language, Proto-Samic language, Proto-Slavic, Przeworsk culture, Reduplication, Rhine, Roman Empire, Roman historiography, Runes, Runic inscriptions, Saka language, Salic law, Sami languages, Sanskrit, Schleicher's fable, Scythian languages, Scythians, Semitic languages, Sievers's law, Sigmund Feist, Slavic languages, Slavs, Sonorant, Stang's law, Stentoften Runestone, Stop consonant, Stratum (linguistics), Stress (linguistics), Suebi, Surface filter, Tacitus, Týr, Theo Vennemann, Thervingi, Tone (linguistics), Tree model, Trill consonant, Tune stone, Ukraine, Upper Rhine, Velar consonant, Verner's law, Vimose inscriptions, Vistula, Vulgar Latin, West Frisian language, West Germanic gemination, West Germanic languages, Winfred P. Lehmann. Expand index (143 more) »
Afrikaans
Afrikaans is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Botswana and Zimbabwe.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Afrikaans · See more »
Allophone
In phonology, an allophone (from the ἄλλος, állos, "other" and φωνή, phōnē, "voice, sound") is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds, or phones, or signs used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Allophone · See more »
Alveolar consonant
Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Alveolar consonant · See more »
Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Ancient Greek · See more »
Anglo-Frisian languages
The Anglo-Frisian languages are the West Germanic languages which include Anglic (or English) and Frisian.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Anglo-Frisian languages · See more »
Apophony
In linguistics, apophony (also known as ablaut, (vowel) gradation, (vowel) mutation, alternation, internal modification, stem modification, stem alternation, replacive morphology, stem mutation, internal inflection etc.) is any sound change within a word that indicates grammatical information (often inflectional).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Apophony · See more »
Approximant consonant
Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Approximant consonant · See more »
Archaeology of Northern Europe
The archaeology of Northern Europe studies the prehistory of Scandinavia and the adjacent North European Plain, roughly corresponding to the territories of modern Sweden, Norway, Denmark, northern Germany, Poland and the Netherlands.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Archaeology of Northern Europe · See more »
Article (grammar)
An article (with the linguistic glossing abbreviation) is a word that is used with a noun (as a standalone word or a prefix or suffix) to specify grammatical definiteness of the noun, and in some languages extending to volume or numerical scope.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Article (grammar) · See more »
August Schleicher
August Schleicher (19 February 1821 – 6 December 1868) was a German linguist.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and August Schleicher · See more »
Avestan
Avestan, also known historically as Zend, is a language known only from its use as the language of Zoroastrian scripture (the Avesta), from which it derives its name.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Avestan · See more »
Back vowel
A back vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in spoken languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Back vowel · See more »
Baltic languages
The Baltic languages belong to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Baltic languages · See more »
Bar (diacritic)
A bar or stroke is a modification consisting of a line drawn through a grapheme.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Bar (diacritic) · See more »
Basque language
Basque (euskara) is a language spoken in the Basque country and Navarre. Linguistically, Basque is unrelated to the other languages of Europe and, as a language isolate, to any other known living language. The Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. The Basque language is spoken by 28.4% of Basques in all territories (751,500). Of these, 93.2% (700,300) are in the Spanish area of the Basque Country and the remaining 6.8% (51,200) are in the French portion. Native speakers live in a contiguous area that includes parts of four Spanish provinces and the three "ancient provinces" in France. Gipuzkoa, most of Biscay, a few municipalities of Álava, and the northern area of Navarre formed the core of the remaining Basque-speaking area before measures were introduced in the 1980s to strengthen the language. By contrast, most of Álava, the western part of Biscay and central and southern areas of Navarre are predominantly populated by native speakers of Spanish, either because Basque was replaced by Spanish over the centuries, in some areas (most of Álava and central Navarre), or because it was possibly never spoken there, in other areas (Enkarterri and southeastern Navarre). Under Restorationist and Francoist Spain, public use of Basque was frowned upon, often regarded as a sign of separatism; this applied especially to those regions that did not support Franco's uprising (such as Biscay or Gipuzkoa). However, in those Basque-speaking regions that supported the uprising (such as Navarre or Álava) the Basque language was more than merely tolerated. Overall, in the 1960s and later, the trend reversed and education and publishing in Basque began to flourish. As a part of this process, a standardised form of the Basque language, called Euskara Batua, was developed by the Euskaltzaindia in the late 1960s. Besides its standardised version, the five historic Basque dialects are Biscayan, Gipuzkoan, and Upper Navarrese in Spain, and Navarrese–Lapurdian and Souletin in France. They take their names from the historic Basque provinces, but the dialect boundaries are not congruent with province boundaries. Euskara Batua was created so that Basque language could be used—and easily understood by all Basque speakers—in formal situations (education, mass media, literature), and this is its main use today. In both Spain and France, the use of Basque for education varies from region to region and from school to school. A language isolate, Basque is believed to be one of the few surviving pre-Indo-European languages in Europe, and the only one in Western Europe. The origin of the Basques and of their languages is not conclusively known, though the most accepted current theory is that early forms of Basque developed prior to the arrival of Indo-European languages in the area, including the Romance languages that geographically surround the Basque-speaking region. Basque has adopted a good deal of its vocabulary from the Romance languages, and Basque speakers have in turn lent their own words to Romance speakers. The Basque alphabet uses the Latin script.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Basque language · See more »
Bergakker inscription
The Bergakker inscription is an Elder Futhark inscription discovered on the scabbard of a 5th-century sword.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Bergakker inscription · See more »
Bilabial consonant
In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Bilabial consonant · See more »
Boukólos rule
The boukólos rule is a phonological rule of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Boukólos rule · See more »
Bound and unbound morphemes
In morphology, a bound morpheme is a morpheme (the most basic unit of meaning) that can appear only as part of a larger word; a free morpheme or unbound morpheme is one that can stand alone or can appear with other morphemes in a lexeme.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Bound and unbound morphemes · See more »
Brill Publishers
Brill (known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill Academic Publishers) is a Dutch international academic publisher founded in 1683 in Leiden, Netherlands.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Brill Publishers · See more »
Causative
In linguistics, a causative (abbreviated) is a valency-increasing operationPayne, Thomas E. (1997).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Causative · See more »
Celtic languages
The Celtic languages are a group of related languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic"; a branch of the greater Indo-European language family.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Celtic languages · See more »
Centum and satem languages
Languages of the Indo-European family are classified as either centum languages or satem languages according to how the dorsal consonants (sounds of "K" and "G" type) of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) developed.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Centum and satem languages · See more »
Chain shift
In historical linguistics, a chain shift is a set of sound changes in which the change in pronunciation of one speech sound (typically, a phoneme) is linked to, and presumably causes, the change in pronunciation of other sounds as well.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Chain shift · See more »
Clitic
A clitic (from Greek κλιτικός klitikos, "inflexional") is a morpheme in morphology and syntax that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Clitic · See more »
Close vowel
A close vowel, also known as a high vowel (in American terminology), is any in a class of vowel sound used in many spoken languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Close vowel · See more »
Close-mid vowel
A close-mid vowel (also mid-close vowel, high-mid vowel, mid-high vowel or half-close vowel) is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Close-mid vowel · See more »
Common Era
Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era – an alternative to the Dionysian AD and BC system.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Common Era · See more »
Comparative method
In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor, in order to extrapolate back to infer the properties of that ancestor.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Comparative method · See more »
Compensatory lengthening
Compensatory lengthening in phonology and historical linguistics is the lengthening of a vowel sound that happens upon the loss of a following consonant, usually in the syllable coda, or of a vowel in an adjacent syllable.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Compensatory lengthening · See more »
Consonant gradation
Consonant gradation is a type of consonant mutation in which consonants alternate between various "grades".
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Consonant gradation · See more »
Consonant mutation
Consonant mutation is change in a consonant in a word according to its morphological or syntactic environment.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Consonant mutation · See more »
Continental Celtic languages
The Continental Celtic languages are the Celtic languages, now extinct, that were spoken on the continent of Europe, as distinguished from the Insular Celtic languages of the British Isles and Brittany.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Continental Celtic languages · See more »
Corded Ware culture
The Corded Ware culture (Schnurkeramik; céramique cordée; touwbekercultuur) comprises a broad archaeological horizon of Europe between 2900 BCE – circa 2350 BCE, thus from the late Neolithic, through the Copper Age, and ending in the early Bronze Age.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Corded Ware culture · See more »
Cowgill's law
Cowgill's law, named after Indo-Europeanist Warren Cowgill, refers to two unrelated sound changes, one occurring in Proto-Greek and the other in Proto-Germanic.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Cowgill's law · See more »
D with stroke
Đ (lowercase: đ, Latin alphabet), known as crossed D or dyet, is a letter formed from the base character D/d overlaid with a crossbar.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and D with stroke · See more »
Danube
The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Danube · See more »
Deflexion (linguistics)
Deflexion is a linguistic process related to inflectional languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Deflexion (linguistics) · See more »
Denominal verb
In grammar, denominal verbs are verbs derived from nouns.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Denominal verb · See more »
Dental consonant
A dental consonant is a consonant articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as,,, and in some languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Dental consonant · See more »
Desiderative mood
In linguistics, a desiderative (abbreviated or) form is one that has the meaning of "wanting to X".
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Desiderative mood · See more »
Deverbal noun
Deverbal nouns are nouns that are derived from verbs or verb phrases, but that behave grammatically purely as nouns, not as verbs.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Deverbal noun · See more »
Dnieper
The Dnieper River, known in Russian as: Dnepr, and in Ukrainian as Dnipro is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising near Smolensk, Russia and flowing through Russia, Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Dnieper · See more »
Donald Ringe
Donald "Don" Ringe is an American linguist and Indo-Europeanist.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Donald Ringe · See more »
Dorsal consonant
Dorsal consonants are articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Dorsal consonant · See more »
Dual (grammatical number)
Dual (abbreviated) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Dual (grammatical number) · See more »
East Germanic languages
The East Germanic languages are a group of extinct Germanic languages of the Indo-European language family spoken by East Germanic peoples.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and East Germanic languages · See more »
Eastern Iranian languages
The Eastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian languages emerging in Middle Iranian times (from c. the 4th century BC).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Eastern Iranian languages · See more »
Ehwaz
*Ehwaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the Elder Futhark e rune, meaning "horse" (cognate to Latin equus, Gaulish epos, Tocharian B yakwe, Sanskrit aśva, Avestan aspa and Old Irish ech).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Ehwaz · See more »
Eihwaz
Eiwaz or Eihaz (reconstructed *īhaz / *ēhaz or *īwaz / *ēwaz) was a Proto-Germanic word for "yew", and the reconstructed name of the rune.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Eihwaz · See more »
Elder Futhark
The Elder Futhark (also called Elder Fuþark, Older Futhark, Old Futhark or Germanic Futhark) is the oldest form of the runic alphabets.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Elder Futhark · See more »
Elfdalian
Elfdalian or Övdalian (Övdalsk or Övdalską in Elfdalian, Älvdalska or Älvdalsmål in Swedish) is a North Germanic language spoken by up to 3,000 people who live or have grown up in the parish of Älvdalen (Övdaln), which is located in the southeastern part of Älvdalen Municipality in northern Dalarna, Sweden.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Elfdalian · See more »
Epenthesis
In phonology, epenthesis (Greek) means the addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially to the interior of a word (at the beginning prothesis and at the end paragoge are commonly used).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Epenthesis · See more »
Ƀ
B with stroke (majuscule: Ƀ, minuscule: ƀ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from B with the addition of a bar, which can be through either the ascender or the bowl.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Ƀ · See more »
Finnic languages
The Finnic languages (Fennic), or Baltic Finnic languages (Balto-Finnic, Balto-Fennic), are a branch of the Uralic language family spoken around the Baltic Sea by Finnic peoples, mainly in Finland and Estonia, by about 7 million people.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Finnic languages · See more »
Finnish language
Finnish (or suomen kieli) is a Finnic language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside Finland.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Finnish language · See more »
Finno-Ugrian Society
Finno-Ugrian Society (Société Finno-Ougrienne, Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura) is a Finnish learned society, dedicated to the study of Uralic and Altaic languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Finno-Ugrian Society · See more »
First Grammatical Treatise
The First Grammatical Treatise (Fyrsta málfræðiritgerðin digital reproduction at Old Norse etexts.) is a 12th-century work on the phonology of the Old Norse or Old Icelandic language.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and First Grammatical Treatise · See more »
Frankish language
Frankish (reconstructed Frankish: *italic), Old Franconian or Old Frankish was the West Germanic language spoken by the Franks between the 4th and 8th century.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Frankish language · See more »
Fricative consonant
Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Fricative consonant · See more »
Front vowel
A front vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages, its defining characteristic being that the highest point of the tongue is positioned relatively in front in the mouth without creating a constriction that would make it a consonant.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Front vowel · See more »
Funnelbeaker culture
The Funnel(-neck-)beaker culture, in short TRB or TBK (German: Trichter(-rand-)becherkultur, Dutch: Trechterbekercultuur; c. 4300 BC–c. 2800 BC) was an archaeological culture in north-central Europe.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Funnelbeaker culture · See more »
Gemination
Gemination, or consonant elongation, is the pronouncing in phonetics of a spoken consonant for an audibly longer period of time than that of a short consonant.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Gemination · See more »
German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and German language · See more »
Germania (book)
The Germania, written by the Roman historian Publius Cornelius Tacitus around 98 and originally entitled On the Origin and Situation of the Germans (De Origine et situ Germanorum), was a historical and ethnographic work on the Germanic tribes outside the Roman Empire.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Germania (book) · See more »
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Southern Africa.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Germanic languages · See more »
Germanic parent language
In historical linguistics, the Germanic parent language (GPL) includes the reconstructed languages in the Germanic group referred to as Pre-Germanic Indo-European (PreGmc), Early Proto-Germanic (EPGmc), and Late Proto-Germanic (LPGmc), spoken in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Germanic parent language · See more »
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples (also called Teutonic, Suebian, or Gothic in older literature) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Germanic peoples · See more »
Germanic spirant law
The Germanic spirant law, or Primärberührung, is a specific historical instance in linguistics of dissimilation that occurred as part of an exception of Grimm's law in Proto-Germanic, the ancestor of Germanic languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Germanic spirant law · See more »
Germanic strong verb
In the Germanic languages, a strong verb is a verb that marks its past tense by means of changes to the stem vowel (ablaut).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Germanic strong verb · See more »
Germanic substrate hypothesis
The Germanic substrate hypothesis is an attempt to explain the distinctive nature of the Germanic languages within the context of the Indo-European languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Germanic substrate hypothesis · See more »
Germanic umlaut
The Germanic umlaut (sometimes called i-umlaut or i-mutation) is a type of linguistic umlaut in which a back vowel changes to the associated front vowel (fronting) or a front vowel becomes closer to (raising) when the following syllable contains,, or.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Germanic umlaut · See more »
Germanic verb
The Germanic language family is one of the language groups that resulted from the breakup of Proto-Indo-European (PIE).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Germanic verb · See more »
Germanic weak verb
In Germanic languages, weak verbs are by far the largest group of verbs, which are therefore often regarded as the norm (the regular verbs), but they are not historically the oldest or most original group.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Germanic weak verb · See more »
Glottal consonant
Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Glottal consonant · See more »
Golden Horns of Gallehus
The Golden Horns of Gallehus were two horns made of sheet gold, discovered in Gallehus, north of Møgeltønder in Southern Jutland, Denmark.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Golden Horns of Gallehus · See more »
Gothic Bible
The Gothic Bible or Wulfila Bible is the Christian Bible as allegedly translated by the Arian bishop and missionary Wulfila in the fourth century into the Gothic language spoken by the Eastern Germanic (Gothic) tribes.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Gothic Bible · See more »
Gothic Christianity
Gothic Christianity refers to the Christian religion of the Goths and sometimes the Gepids, Vandals, and Burgundians, who may have used the translation of the Bible into the Gothic language and shared common doctrines and practices.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Gothic Christianity · See more »
Gothic language
Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Gothic language · See more »
Gothic persecution of Christians
Two main outbreaks of persecution of Christians by the 4th-century Gothic authorities are recorded, in 347/8 under Aoric (according to Auxentius of Durostorum) and between 367 and 378 under Aoric's son, the iudex (kindins) Athanaric.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Gothic persecution of Christians · See more »
Grammatischer Wechsel
In historical linguistics, the German term grammatischer Wechsel ("grammatical alternation") refers to the effects of Verner's law when they are viewed synchronically within the paradigm of a Germanic verb.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Grammatischer Wechsel · See more »
Grapheme
In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest unit of a writing system of any given language.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Grapheme · See more »
Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Greek language · See more »
Grimm's law
Grimm's law (also known as the First Germanic Sound Shift or Rask's rule) is a set of statements named after Jacob Grimm and Rasmus Rask describing the inherited Proto-Indo-European (PIE) stop consonants as they developed in Proto-Germanic (the common ancestor of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family) in the 1st millennium BC.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Grimm's law · See more »
Hallstatt culture
The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Western and Central European culture of Early Iron Age Europe from the 8th to 6th centuries BC, developing out of the Urnfield culture of the 12th century BC (Late Bronze Age) and followed in much of its area by the La Tène culture.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Hallstatt culture · See more »
Hiatus (linguistics)
In phonology, hiatus or diaeresis refers to two vowel sounds occurring in adjacent syllables, with no intervening consonant.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Hiatus (linguistics) · See more »
High German languages
The High German languages or High German dialects (hochdeutsche Mundarten) comprise the varieties of German spoken south of the Benrath and Uerdingen isoglosses in central and southern Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, and Luxembourg, as well as in neighboring portions of France (Alsace and northern Lorraine), Italy (South Tyrol), the Czech Republic (Bohemia), and Poland (Upper Silesia).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and High German languages · See more »
Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also called diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of language change over time.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Historical linguistics · See more »
History of English
English is a West Germanic language that originated from Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain in the mid 5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo-Saxon settlers from what is now northwest Germany, west Denmark and the Netherlands, displacing the Celtic languages that previously predominated.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and History of English · See more »
Holtzmann's law
Holtzmann's law is a Proto-Germanic sound law originally noted by Adolf Holtzmann in 1838.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Holtzmann's law · See more »
Homorganic consonant
In phonetics, a homorganic consonant (from homo- "same" and organ "(speech) organ") is a consonant sound articulated in the same place of articulation as another.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Homorganic consonant · See more »
I-mutation
I-mutation (also known as umlaut, front mutation, i-umlaut, i/j-mutation or i/j-umlaut) is a type of sound change in which a back vowel is fronted or a front vowel is raised if the following syllable contains /i/, /ī/ or /j/ (a voiced palatal approximant, sometimes called yod, the sound of English in yes).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and I-mutation · See more »
Indo-European Etymological Dictionary
The Indo-European Etymological Dictionary (commonly abbreviated IEED) is a research project of the Department of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics at Leiden University, initiated in 1991 by Peter Schrijver and others.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Indo-European Etymological Dictionary · See more »
Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family of several hundred related languages and dialects.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Indo-European languages · See more »
Ingaevones
The Ingaevones, or North Sea Germanic peoples, were a West Germanic cultural group living along the North Sea coast in the areas of Jutland, Holstein, Frisia and the Danish islands, where they had by the 1st century BCE become further differentiated to a foreigner's eye into the Frisii, Saxons, Jutes and Angles.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Ingaevones · See more »
Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
In historical linguistics, the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law (also called the Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic nasal spirant law) is a description of a phonological development that occurred in the Ingvaeonic dialects of the West Germanic languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law · See more »
Jacob Grimm
Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm (4 January 1785 – 20 September 1863) also known as Ludwig Karl, was a German philologist, jurist, and mythologist.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Jacob Grimm · See more »
Kluge's law
Kluge's law is a controversial Proto-Germanic sound law formulated by Friedrich Kluge.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Kluge's law · See more »
La Tène culture
The La Tène culture was a European Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchâtel in Switzerland, where thousands of objects had been deposited in the lake, as was discovered after the water level dropped in 1857.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and La Tène culture · See more »
Labial–velar consonant
Labial–velar consonants are doubly articulated at the velum and the lips, such as.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Labial–velar consonant · See more »
Language contact
Language contact occurs when speakers of two or more languages or varieties interact and influence each other.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Language contact · See more »
Lateral consonant
A lateral is an l-like consonant in which the airstream proceeds along the sides of the tongue, but it is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Lateral consonant · See more »
Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Latin · See more »
Linguistic reconstruction
Linguistic reconstruction is the practice of establishing the features of an unattested ancestor language of one or more given languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Linguistic reconstruction · See more »
Low German
Low German or Low Saxon (Plattdütsch, Plattdüütsch, Plattdütsk, Plattduitsk, Nedersaksies; Plattdeutsch, Niederdeutsch; Nederduits) is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Low German · See more »
Mannus
Mannus, according to the Roman writer Tacitus, was a figure in the creation myths of the Germanic tribes.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Mannus · See more »
Mediopassive voice
The mediopassive voice is a grammatical voice that subsumes the meanings of both the middle voice and the passive voice.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Mediopassive voice · See more »
Middle Indo-Aryan languages
The Middle Indo-Aryan languages (or Middle Indic languages, sometimes conflated with the Prakrits, which are a stage of Middle Indic) are a historical group of languages of the Indo-Aryan family.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Middle Indo-Aryan languages · See more »
Migration Period
The Migration Period was a period during the decline of the Roman Empire around the 4th to 6th centuries AD in which there were widespread migrations of peoples within or into Europe, mostly into Roman territory, notably the Germanic tribes and the Huns.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Migration Period · See more »
Migration Period spear
The spear or lance, together with the bow, the sword, the seax and the shield, was the main equipment of the Germanic warriors during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Migration Period spear · See more »
Modern English
Modern English (sometimes New English or NE as opposed to Middle English and Old English) is the form of the English language spoken since the Great Vowel Shift in England, which began in the late 14th century and was completed in roughly 1550.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Modern English · See more »
Moesia
Moesia (Latin: Moesia; Μοισία, Moisía) was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans south of the Danube River.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Moesia · See more »
Mora (linguistics)
A mora (plural morae or moras; often symbolized μ) is a unit in phonology that determines syllable weight, which in some languages determines stress or timing.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Mora (linguistics) · See more »
Morpheme
A morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Morpheme · See more »
Morphological derivation
Morphological derivation, in linguistics, is the process of forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a prefix or suffix, such as For example, happiness and unhappy derive from the root word happy.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Morphological derivation · See more »
Nasal consonant
In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive, nasal stop in contrast with a nasal fricative, or nasal continuant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Nasal consonant · See more »
Negau helmet
Negau helmet refers to one of 26 bronze helmets (23 of which are preserved) dating to c. 450 BC–350 BC, found in 1812 in a cache in Ženjak, near Negau, Duchy of Styria (now Negova, Slovenia).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Negau helmet · See more »
Neolithic Europe
Neolithic Europe is the period when Neolithic technology was present in Europe, roughly between 7000 BCE (the approximate time of the first farming societies in Greece) and c. 1700 BCE (the beginning of the Bronze Age in northwest Europe).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Neolithic Europe · See more »
Nordic Bronze Age
The Nordic Bronze Age (also Northern Bronze Age, or Scandinavian Bronze Age) is a period of Scandinavian prehistory from c. 1700–500 BC.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Nordic Bronze Age · See more »
North Frisian language
North Frisian is a minority language of Germany, spoken by about 10,000 people in North Frisia.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and North Frisian language · See more »
North Germanic languages
The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and North Germanic languages · See more »
North Sea Germanic
North Sea Germanic, also known as Ingvaeonic, is a postulated grouping of the northern West Germanic languages, consisting of Old Frisian, Old English and Old Saxon and their descendants.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and North Sea Germanic · See more »
Northern Sami
Northern or North Sami (davvisámegiella; disapproved exonym Lappish or Lapp), sometimes also simply referred to as Sami, is the most widely spoken of all Sami languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Northern Sami · See more »
Ogonek
The ogonek (Polish:, "little tail", the diminutive of ogon; nosinė, "nasal") is a diacritic hook placed under the lower right corner of a vowel in the Latin alphabet used in several European languages, and directly under a vowel in several Native American languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Ogonek · See more »
Oksywie culture
The Oksywie culture (ger. Oxhöft-Kultur) was an archaeological culture that existed in the area of modern-day Eastern Pomerania around the lower Vistula river from the 2nd century BC to the early 1st century AD.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Oksywie culture · See more »
Old English
Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Old English · See more »
Old High German
Old High German (OHG, Althochdeutsch, German abbr. Ahd.) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally covering the period from around 700 to 1050.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Old High German · See more »
Old Norse
Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements from about the 9th to the 13th century.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Old Norse · See more »
Open vowel
An open vowel is a vowel sound in which the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Open vowel · See more »
Open-mid vowel
An open-mid vowel (also mid-open vowel, low-mid vowel, mid-low vowel or half-open vowel) is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Open-mid vowel · See more »
Optative mood
The optative mood or (abbreviated) is a grammatical mood that indicates a wish or hope.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Optative mood · See more »
Ossetian language
Ossetian, also known as Ossete and Ossetic, is an Eastern Iranian language spoken in Ossetia, a region on the northern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Ossetian language · See more »
Palatal consonant
Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Palatal consonant · See more »
Periphrasis
In linguistics, periphrasis is the usage of multiple separate words to carry the meaning of prefixes, suffixes or verbs, among other things, where either would be possible.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Periphrasis · See more »
Phonological history of Old English
The phonological system of the Old English language underwent many changes during the period of its existence.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Phonological history of Old English · See more »
Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Phylogenetic tree · See more »
Pitch-accent language
A pitch-accent language is a language that has word-accents—that is, where one syllable in a word or morpheme is more prominent than the others, but the accentuated syllable is indicated by a particular pitch contour (linguistic tones) rather than by stress.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Pitch-accent language · See more »
Pitted Ware culture
The Pitted Ware culture (c. 3200 BC–c. 2300 BC) was a hunter-gatherer culture in southern Scandinavia, mainly along the coasts of Svealand, Götaland, Åland, north-eastern Denmark and southern Norway.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Pitted Ware culture · See more »
Plural
The plural (sometimes abbreviated), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical category of number.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Plural · See more »
Pre-Indo-European
Pre-Indo-European means "preceding Indo-European".
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Pre-Indo-European · See more »
Preverb
Although not widely accepted in linguistics, the term preverb is used in Caucasian (including all three families: Northwest Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian and Kartvelian), Caddoan, Athabaskan, and Algonquian linguistics to describe certain elements prefixed to verbs.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Preverb · See more »
Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody is concerned with those elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments (vowels and consonants) but are properties of syllables and larger units of speech.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Prosody (linguistics) · See more »
Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the linguistic reconstruction of the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, the most widely spoken language family in the world.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Proto-Indo-European language · See more »
Proto-language
A proto-language, in the tree model of historical linguistics, is a language, usually hypothetical or reconstructed, and usually unattested, from which a number of attested known languages are believed to have descended by evolution, forming a language family.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Proto-language · See more »
Proto-Norse language
Proto-Norse (also called Proto-Scandinavian, Proto-Nordic, Ancient Scandinavian, Proto-North Germanic and a variety of other names) was an Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia that is thought to have evolved as a northern dialect of Proto-Germanic in the first centuries CE.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Proto-Norse language · See more »
Proto-Samic language
The Proto-Samic language is the hypothetical, reconstructed common ancestor of the Samic languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Proto-Samic language · See more »
Proto-Slavic
Proto-Slavic is the unattested, reconstructed proto-language of all the Slavic languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Proto-Slavic · See more »
Przeworsk culture
The Przeworsk culture is part of an Iron Age archaeological complex that dates from the 3rd century BC to the 5th century AD.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Przeworsk culture · See more »
Reduplication
Reduplication in linguistics is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Reduplication · See more »
Rhine
--> The Rhine (Rhenus, Rein, Rhein, le Rhin,, Italiano: Reno, Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Rhine · See more »
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Roman Empire · See more »
Roman historiography
Roman historiography is indebted to the Greeks, who invented the form.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Roman historiography · See more »
Runes
Runes are the letters in a set of related alphabets known as runic alphabets, which were used to write various Germanic languages before the adoption of the Latin alphabet and for specialised purposes thereafter.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Runes · See more »
Runic inscriptions
A runic inscription is an inscription made in one of the various runic alphabets.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Runic inscriptions · See more »
Saka language
(Eastern) Saka or Sakan is a variety of Eastern Iranian languages, attested from the ancient Buddhist kingdoms of Khotan, Kashgar and Tumshuq in the Tarim Basin, in what is now southern Xinjiang, China.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Saka language · See more »
Salic law
The Salic law (or; Lex salica), or the was the ancient Salian Frankish civil law code compiled around AD 500 by the first Frankish King, Clovis.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Salic law · See more »
Sami languages
Sami languages is a group of Uralic languages spoken by the Sami people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden and extreme northwestern Russia).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Sami languages · See more »
Sanskrit
Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Sanskrit · See more »
Schleicher's fable
Schleicher's fable is a text composed in a reconstructed version of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) language, published by August Schleicher in 1868.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Schleicher's fable · See more »
Scythian languages
The Scythian languages are a group of Eastern Iranian languages of the classical and late antiquity (Middle Iranian) period, spoken in a vast region of Eurasia named Scythia.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Scythian languages · See more »
Scythians
or Scyths (from Greek Σκύθαι, in Indo-Persian context also Saka), were a group of Iranian people, known as the Eurasian nomads, who inhabited the western and central Eurasian steppes from about the 9th century BC until about the 1st century BC.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Scythians · See more »
Semitic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family originating in the Middle East.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Semitic languages · See more »
Sievers's law
Sievers's law in Indo-European linguistics accounts for the pronunciation of a consonant cluster with a glide before a vowel as it was affected by the phonetics of the preceding syllable.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Sievers's law · See more »
Sigmund Feist
Sigmund Feist (Mainz, 12 June 1865 - Copenhagen, 23 March 1943) was a German Jewish pedagogue and historical linguist.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Sigmund Feist · See more »
Slavic languages
The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) are the Indo-European languages spoken by the Slavic peoples.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Slavic languages · See more »
Slavs
Slavs are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group who speak the various Slavic languages of the larger Balto-Slavic linguistic group.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Slavs · See more »
Sonorant
In phonetics and phonology, a sonorant or resonant is a speech sound that is produced with continuous, non-turbulent airflow in the vocal tract; these are the manners of articulation that are most often voiced in the world's languages.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Sonorant · See more »
Stang's law
Stang's law is a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) phonological rule named after the Norwegian linguist Christian Stang.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Stang's law · See more »
Stentoften Runestone
The Stentoften Runestone, listed in the Rundata catalog as DR 357, is a runestone which contains a curse in Proto-Norse that was discovered in Stentoften, Blekinge, Sweden.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Stentoften Runestone · See more »
Stop consonant
In phonetics, a stop, also known as a plosive or oral occlusive, is a consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Stop consonant · See more »
Stratum (linguistics)
In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a language that influences, or is influenced by another through contact.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Stratum (linguistics) · See more »
Stress (linguistics)
In linguistics, and particularly phonology, stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word, or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Stress (linguistics) · See more »
Suebi
The Suebi (or Suevi, Suavi, or Suevians) were a large group of Germanic tribes, which included the Marcomanni, Quadi, Hermunduri, Semnones, Lombards and others, sometimes including sub-groups simply referred to as Suebi.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Suebi · See more »
Surface filter
In linguistics, a surface filter is type of sound change that operates not at a particular point in time but over a longer period.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Surface filter · See more »
Tacitus
Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (–) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Tacitus · See more »
Týr
Týr (Old Norse: Týr short.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Týr · See more »
Theo Vennemann
Theo Vennemann genannt Nierfeld (born 27 May 1937 in Oberhausen-Sterkrade) is a German historical linguist known for his controversial theories of a "Vasconic" and an "Atlantic" stratum in European languages, published since the 1990s.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Theo Vennemann · See more »
Thervingi
The Thervingi, Tervingi, or Teruingi (sometimes pluralised Tervings or Thervings) were a Gothic people of the Danubian plains west of the Dniester River in the 3rd and the 4th centuries.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Thervingi · See more »
Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is, to distinguish or to inflect words.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Tone (linguistics) · See more »
Tree model
In historical linguistics, the tree model (also Stammbaum, genetic, or cladistic model) is a model of the evolution of languages analogous to the concept of a family tree, particularly a phylogenetic tree in the biological evolution of species.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Tree model · See more »
Trill consonant
In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the active articulator and passive articulator.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Trill consonant · See more »
Tune stone
The Tune stone is an important runestone from about 200–450 CE.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Tune stone · See more »
Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Ukraine · See more »
Upper Rhine
The Upper Rhine (Oberrhein) is the section of the Rhine in the Upper Rhine Plain between Basle in Switzerland and Bingen in Germany.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Upper Rhine · See more »
Velar consonant
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (known also as the velum).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Velar consonant · See more »
Verner's law
Verner's law, stated by Karl Verner in 1875, describes a historical sound change in the Proto-Germanic language whereby voiceless fricatives *f, *þ, *s, *h, *hʷ, when immediately following an unstressed syllable in the same word, underwent voicing and became the fricatives *β, *ð, *z, *ɣ, *ɣʷ respectively.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Verner's law · See more »
Vimose inscriptions
Finds from Vimose, on the island of Funen, Denmark, include some of the oldest datable Elder Futhark runic inscriptions in early Proto-Norse from the 2nd to 3rd century in the Scandinavian Iron Age.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Vimose inscriptions · See more »
Vistula
The Vistula (Wisła, Weichsel,, ווייסל), Висла) is the longest and largest river in Poland, at in length. The drainage basin area of the Vistula is, of which lies within Poland (54% of its land area). The remainder is in Belarus, Ukraine and Slovakia. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in the south of Poland, above sea level in the Silesian Beskids (western part of Carpathian Mountains), where it begins with the White Little Vistula (Biała Wisełka) and the Black Little Vistula (Czarna Wisełka). It then continues to flow over the vast Polish plains, passing several large Polish cities along its way, including Kraków, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Świecie, Grudziądz, Tczew and Gdańsk. It empties into the Vistula Lagoon (Zalew Wiślany) or directly into the Gdańsk Bay of the Baltic Sea with a delta and several branches (Leniwka, Przekop, Śmiała Wisła, Martwa Wisła, Nogat and Szkarpawa).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Vistula · See more »
Vulgar Latin
Vulgar Latin or Sermo Vulgaris ("common speech") was a nonstandard form of Latin (as opposed to Classical Latin, the standard and literary version of the language) spoken in the Mediterranean region during and after the classical period of the Roman Empire.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Vulgar Latin · See more »
West Frisian language
West Frisian, or simply Frisian (Frysk; Fries) is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and West Frisian language · See more »
West Germanic gemination
West Germanic gemination was a sound change that took place in all West Germanic languages around the 3rd or 4th century AD.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and West Germanic gemination · See more »
West Germanic languages
The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three branches of the Germanic family of languages (the others being the North Germanic and the extinct East Germanic languages).
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and West Germanic languages · See more »
Winfred P. Lehmann
Winfred Philip Lehmann (23 June 1916, Surprise, Nebraska – 1 August 2007, Austin, Texas) was an American linguist noted for his work in historical linguistics, particularly Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germanic, as well as for pioneering work in machine translation.
New!!: Proto-Germanic language and Winfred P. Lehmann · See more »
Redirects here:
Common Germanic, Common Teutonic, Common Teutonic language, Early Proto-Germanic, Late Proto-Germanic, Old Germanic, Old Teutonic, P Gmc, P. Gmc., P.Gmc., PGmc, Pre-Proto-Germanic, Primitive Germanic, Proto Germanic, Proto-German, Proto-Germanic, Proto-Germanic culture, Proto-Germanic folk, Proto-Germanic people, Proto-Germanic peoples, Proto-Germanic phonology, Proto-Germanic pronouns, Proto-Germanics, Proto-Teutonic, Proto-germanic language, Protogermanic, Teutonic language, Theudish, Theudish language, Theudisk, Theudisk language, Þeuðisk, Þeuðisk language.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language
