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Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

Index Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, commonly known in mainland China as the June Fourth Incident (六四事件), were student-led demonstrations in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, in 1989. [1]

346 relations: AKB48, Alan Ewen Donald, Amnesty International, Amused to Death, Angela Merkel, Anti-Secession Law, Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign, April 26 Editorial, Armoured personnel carrier, Arrest and trial of Chen Ziming and Wang Juntao, Articulated bus, Asian Development Bank, Associated Press, August 2013 Rabaa massacre, Avon (publisher), Bank run, Bao Tong, BBC, Beidaihe District, Beihang University, Beijing, Beijing Capital International Airport, Beijing Film Academy, Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation, Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation, Berkshire Hathaway, Berlin Wall, Bier, Bo Yibo, Bonus Army, Boris Yeltsin, Bourgeois liberalization, CBS, Censorship by Google, Central Academy of Drama, Central Advisory Commission, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, Central Military Commission, Central Military Commission (China), Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission, Chai Ling, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Chang'an Avenue, Changsha, Charlie Munger, Chemical Weapons Convention, ..., Chen Mingyuan, Chen Xitong, Chen Yun, Chengdu, Chi Haotian, China, China Central Television, China Radio International, China Road, China University of Political Science and Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Chinese democracy movement, Chinese economic reform, Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992, Chris Patten, Chumbawamba, CNN, Cold War, Collection of June Fourth Poems, Communication University of China, Communist Party of China, Communist Youth League of China, Compassionate release, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, Consumer price index, Corruption in China, Cui Jian, Cultural Revolution, Czechoslovakia, Dai Qing, Daily Times (Pakistan), Democracy, Democracy Party of China, Demographics of Libya, Demonstration (protest), Deng Xiaoping, Ding Zilin, Du Xian (news anchor), Duan Qirui, Dui Hua Foundation, East Germany, Eastern Bloc, Eight Elders, Escape from China, European Parliament, Executive Order 12711, Expanding bullet, Falun Gong, Fang Lizhi, February 28 Incident, Female infanticide, Feng Congde, Figurehead, Flare, Forbidden City (novel), Foreign Affairs, Freedom of speech, Freedom of the press, Frontline (U.S. TV series), Funding of student organizations during the Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989, Fuxingmen, General Office of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Gerhard Schröder, Goddess of Democracy, Government of China, Great Hall of the People, Group of Seven, Guangming Daily, Gunfight (song), Gwangju Uprising, Happy Valley Racecourse, Hebei, Hedge fund, Hefei, Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, Hong Kong Island, Hou Dejian, Hsinchu, Hu Jintao, Hu Qili, Hu Yaobang, Hunger strike, Hypnotize (System of a Down song), Inflation, Internet censorship in China, Iron rice bowl, Jacques Chirac, James R. Lilley, Jay Mathews, Jiang Yanyong, Jiang Zemin, Jianguomen, June 4th Museum, June Struggle, Kate Adie, Killed in action, Kucong, Kyra Phillips, La Vanguardia, Li Lu, Li Peng, Li Xiannian, Li Ximing, List of massacres in China, List of modern political leaders of Tibet, Liu Gang, Liu Huaqing, Liu Xiaobo, Luo Gan, Mainland China, Mao Zedong, March 18 Massacre, Marillion, Market economy, Marketization, Martial law, Martin Lee, Maryse Alberti, May 1998 riots of Indonesia, May Fourth Movement, Memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Michael Apted, Mikhail Gorbachev, Ministry of Public Security (China), Ministry of State Security (China), Minzu University of China, Molotov cocktail, Monument to the People's Heroes, Moving the Mountain (1994 film), MSNBC, Muammar Gaddafi, Muxidi station, Nanjing University, Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, Nanlishilu station, National Security Agency, National Tsing Hua University, Nepotism, Nevermore, Nicholas Kristof, North Korea, Occupation (protest), One country, two systems, Operation Yellowbird, Paramount leader, Pariah state, PBS, Peking University, People Power Revolution, People's Armed Police, People's Daily, People's Liberation Army, People's Liberation Army Air Force Airborne Corps, People's Liberation Army at Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China, Political corruption, Politics of Beijing, Politics of Shanghai, Premier of the People's Republic of China, Presidency of George H. W. Bush, President of the People's Republic of China, Princeton University, Prisoner of the State, Purge, Pyongyang, Qian Liren, Qiao Shi, R.E.M., Reactions to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Red Cross Society of China, Red herring, Reporters Without Borders, Reserve power, Revolutions of 1989, Richard Roth (journalist), Rob Gifford, Robin Munro, Roger Waters, Roman numerals, Secretariat of the Communist Party of China, Separation of powers, Shandong, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shen Tong, Shiny Happy People, Sichuan, Sick Puppies, Sino-Soviet split, Sit-in, Skinny Puppy, Slap!, Speaking of Dreams, Squatting position, State Council of the People's Republic of China, State funeral, State visit, State-owned enterprise, Suharto, Summer Palace (2006 film), Swan song, System of a Down, Szeto Wah, Taiwan, Tank Man, Televisión Española, The Critical Moment, The Guardian, The Independent, The Internationale, The New York Times, The People's Republic of Amnesia: Tiananmen Revisited, The Politics of Ecstasy (album), The Tiananmen Papers, Theater commands of the People's Liberation Army, Tiananmen, Tiananmen Incident, Tiananmen Mothers, Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Tianqiao District, Time (magazine), Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century, Tin Omen (song), Tom Brokaw, Tony Thomas (producer), Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Trencher (machine), Trolleybus, Trudie Styler, Tsinghua University, United Front (China), United Nations Convention against Torture, United Nations Security Council, United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, Venture capital, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China, Vice President of the People's Republic of China, W. W. Norton & Company, Wall Street, Wan Li, Wang Dan (dissident), Wang Juntao, Wang Youcai, Wang Zhen (general), Waves of mass migrations from Hong Kong, Wen Jiabao, Western Europe, Women's roles during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, World Bank, World Economic Herald, World Trade Organization, Wreath, Wu Renhua, Wu Xueqian, Wu'erkaixi, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Wukesong, Xi Zhongxun, Xi'an, Xidan, Xinhua News Agency, Xinjiang, Xinwen Lianbo, Xu Qinxian, Xue Fei (host), Yahoo! News, Yan Jiaqi, Yan Mingfu, Yang Shangkun, Yao Yilin, Zhang Boli, Zhao Changqing, Zhao Ziyang, Zhejiang, Zhengyangmen, Zhongnanhai, Zhou Yongjun incident, Zhu Rongji, 1989 Chinese protests by region, 1994 Hong Kong electoral reform, 1st Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China), 2006 youth protests in France, 20th anniversary of Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, 20th Group Army, 27th Group Army, 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, 40th Group Army, 79th Group Army, 80th Group Army, 81st Group Army, 82nd Group Army, 83rd Group Army, 8888 Uprising. Expand index (296 more) »

AKB48

AKB48 (pronounced A.K.B. Forty-Eight) are a Japanese idol girl group named after the Akihabara (Akiba for short) area in Tokyo, where the group's theater is located.

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Alan Ewen Donald

Sir Alan Ewen Donald (born 5 May 1931) is a retired British diplomat and a former UK ambassador to Indonesia and China.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a London-based non-governmental organization focused on human rights.

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Amused to Death

Amused to Death is the third studio album by English musician Roger Waters.

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Angela Merkel

Angela Dorothea Merkel (Kasner, born 17 July 1954) is a German politician serving as Chancellor of Germany since 2005 and leader of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since 2000.

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Anti-Secession Law

The Anti-Secession Law is a law of the People's Republic of China (PRC), passed by the 3rd Session of the 10th National People's Congress.

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Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign

The Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign was a political campaign spearheaded by conservative factions within the Communist Party of China that lasted from October 1983 to December 1983.

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April 26 Editorial

The April 26 Editorial was a front-page article published in People's Daily on April 26, 1989, during the Tiananmen Square protests.

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Armoured personnel carrier

An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a type of armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) designed to transport infantry to the battlefield.

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Arrest and trial of Chen Ziming and Wang Juntao

Chen Ziming (8 January 1952 – 21 October 2014) and Wang Juntao were arrested in late 1989 for their involvement in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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Articulated bus

An articulated bus (either a motor bus or trolleybus) is an articulated vehicle used in public transportation.

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Asian Development Bank

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established on 19 December 1966, which is headquartered in the Ortigas Center located in the city of Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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August 2013 Rabaa massacre

On 14 August 2013, Egyptian security forces and army under the command of general Abdel Fattah el-Sisi raided two camps of protesters in Cairo: one at al-Nahda Square and a larger one at Rabaa al-Adawiya Square.

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Avon (publisher)

Avon Publications was an American paperback book and comic book publisher.

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Bank run

A bank run (also known as a run on the bank) occurs when a large number of people withdraw their money from a bank, because they believe the bank may cease to function in the near future.

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Bao Tong

Bao Tong (born November 1932 in Haining, Zhejiang) was former Director of the Office of Political Reform of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Policy Secretary of Zhao Ziyang, Chinese Premier from 1980 to 1987 and CPC General Secretary from 1987 to 1989.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Beidaihe District

Beidaihe District is a popular beach resort and a district of the city of Qinhuangdao, Hebei province on China's Bohai Sea coast.

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Beihang University

Beihang University, previously known as Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (abbreviated as BUAA or Beihang) is a major public research university located in Beijing, China.

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Beijing

Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.

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Beijing Capital International Airport

Beijing Capital International Airport is the main international airport serving Beijing.

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Beijing Film Academy

Beijing Film Academy (BFA) is a coeducational state-run higher education institution in Beijing, China.

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Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau

The Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau is a department of the municipal government of Beijing.

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Beijing Normal University

Beijing Normal University (BNU), colloquially known as 北师大 or Beishida, is a public research university located in Beijing, China, with a strong emphasis on basic disciplines of the humanities and sciences.

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Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation

The Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation was a self-governing student organization, representing multiple Beijing universities, and acting as the student protesters' principle decision-making body during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation

The Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation (BWAF), or Beijing Workers’ Autonomous Union (simplified Chinese: 北京工人自治联合会; pinyin: Běijīng gōngrén zìzhì liánhéhuì; popularly referred to in Chinese as gōngzìlián, meaning "the workers’ federation") was the primary Chinese workers' organization calling for political change during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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Berkshire Hathaway

Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, United States.

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Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989.

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Bier

A bier is a stand on which a corpse, coffin, or casket containing a corpse, is placed to lie in state or to be carried to the grave.

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Bo Yibo

Bo Yibo (17 February 1908 – 15 January 2007) (in older texts spelled Po I-po) was a Chinese political and military leader.

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Bonus Army

The Bonus Army were the 43,000 marchers—17,000 U.S. World War I veterans, their families, and affiliated groups—who gathered in Washington, D.C. in the summer of 1932 to demand cash-payment redemption of their service certificates.

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Boris Yeltsin

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (p; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.

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Bourgeois liberalization

Bourgeois liberalization refers to either parliamentary democracy or Western popular culture.

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CBS

CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation.

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Censorship by Google

Censorship by Google is Google's removal or omission of information from its services or those of its subsidiary companies, such as YouTube, in order to comply with its company policies, legal demands, or various government censorship laws.

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Central Academy of Drama

The Central Academy of Drama, abbreviated Zhong Xi (literally "central drama"), is a drama school in Beijing, China.

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Central Advisory Commission

Central Advisory Commission (CAC) was a body of the Communist Party of China that existed during the era of the paramount leadership of Deng Xiaoping.

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Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) is the highest internal control institution of the Communist Party of China (CPC), tasked with enforcing internal rules and regulations and combating corruption and malfeasance in the Party.

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Central Military Commission

A Central Military Commission or National Defense Commission is an organization typical of socialist one-party states espousing communism responsible for the ruling party's control of the nation's armed forces.

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Central Military Commission (China)

The Central Military Commission (CMC) refers to the parallel national defense organizations of the Communist Party of China and the People's Republic of China: the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, a Party organ under the CPC Central Committee, and the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China, a central state organ under the National People's Congress, being the military branch of the national government.

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Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission

The Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission of the Communist Party of China, commonly referred to as Zhongyang Zhengfawei (中央政法委, literally "Central Poli-Legal Commission") in Chinese, is the organization under the Party's Central Committee responsible for political and legal affairs. In practice the organization oversees all legal enforcement authorities, including the police force, making it a very powerful organ. All the Party committees of provinces, municipalities, counties and autonomous regions establish respective politics and law commissions. The Commission is headed by a secretary who is usually a Central Politburo member.

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Chai Ling

Chai Ling (Pinyin: Chái Líng) (born April 15, 1966 in Rizhao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China) is a Chinese psychologist who was one of the student leaders in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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Chairman of the Central Military Commission

The Chairman of the Central Military Commission has overall responsibility for the Central Military Commission, serving as the commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army.

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Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

The Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference is the leader of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (National CPPCC), which is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China.

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Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

The Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the presiding officer of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, which is considered China's top legislative body.

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Chang'an Avenue

Chang'an Avenue, literally "Eternal Peace Street", is a major thoroughfare in Beijing, China.

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Changsha

Changsha is the capital and most populous city of Hunan province in the south central part of the People's Republic of China.

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Charlie Munger

Charles Thomas Munger (born January 1, 1924) is an American investor, businessman and philanthropist.

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Chemical Weapons Convention

The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an arms control treaty that outlaws the production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons and their precursors.

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Chen Mingyuan

Chen Mingyuan (born January 5, 1941, Shanghai, China)“Chen Mingyuan 陈明远” Zhonghe jiaoyu 中和教育, last modified December 4, 2017, https://web.archive.org/web/20180316201757/http://www.negroup.com.cn/jiaoshi/zuojia/6524.html is a Chinese scholar who works in various disciplines such as linguistics, mathematics, informatics, computer sciences, and modern poetry.

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Chen Xitong

Chen Xitong (June 10, 1930 – June 2, 2013) was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the Mayor of Beijing until he was removed from office on charges of corruption in 1995.

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Chen Yun

Chen Yun (pronounced; 13 June 1905 – 10 April 1995) was one of the most influential leaders of the People's Republic of China during the 1980s and 1990s.

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Chengdu

Chengdu, formerly romanized as Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of China's Sichuan province.

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Chi Haotian

General Chi Haotian (born 9 July 1929) is a general of the People's Liberation Army.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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China Central Television

China Central Television (formerly Beijing Television), commonly abbreviated as CCTV, is the predominant state television broadcaster in the People's Republic of China.

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China Radio International

China Radio International (CRI) is a state-owned international radio broadcaster of the People's Republic of China.

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China Road

China Road: A Journey into the Future of a Rising Power is a 2007 book by Rob Gifford.

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China University of Political Science and Law

China University of Political Science and Law (CUPL; simplified Chinese: 中国政法大学; traditional Chinese: 中國政法大學; pinyin: Zhōngguó Zhèngfǎ Dàxué abbr. 法大, Fǎ Dà) is a national public research university specialized in law, arts, history, philosophy, economics, management and foreign languages established in 1952 in Beijing, China.

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Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), with historical origins in the Academia Sinica during the Republic of China era, is the premier and the most comprehensive academic research organization and national center in the People's Republic of China for study in the fields of philosophy and social sciences, with the obligation of advancing and innovating in the scientific researches of philosophy, social sciences and policies.

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Chinese democracy movement

The Chinese democracy movement, abbreviated as Minyun, refers to a series of loosely organized political movements in the People's Republic of China against the continued one-party rule by the Communist Party.

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Chinese economic reform

The Chinese economic reform refers to the program of economic reforms termed "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China, led by Deng Xiaoping.

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Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992

Prior to the Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992 (CSPA), President George H.W Bush issued Executive Order 12711 in 1990.

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Chris Patten

Christopher Francis Patten, Baron Patten of Barnes, (born 12 May 1944) is a British politician who served as the 28th and final Governor of Hong Kong from 1992-1997.

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Chumbawamba

Chumbawamba were a British band that formed in 1982 and ended in 2012.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).

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Collection of June Fourth Poems

Collection of June Fourth Poems: Commemorating the Tiananmen Square Protest is an anthology of poems commemorating the June Fourth protests in China (Tiananmen Square protests of 1989).

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Communication University of China

The Communication University of China (CUC) is a public university in Beijing.

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Communist Party of China

The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China.

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Communist Youth League of China

The Communist Youth League of China, also known as the Young Communist League of China or simply the Communist Youth League, is a youth movement of the People's Republic of China for youth between the ages of fourteen and twenty-eight, run by the Communist Party of China (CPC).

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Compassionate release

Compassionate release is a process by which inmates in criminal justice systems may be eligible for immediate early release on grounds of "particularly extraordinary or compelling circumstances which could not reasonably have been foreseen by the court at the time of sentencing".

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Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty that bans all nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments.

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Consumer price index

A consumer price index (CPI) measures changes in the price level of of and purchased by households.

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Corruption in China

Corruption in China post-1949 lies in the "organizational involution" of the ruling party, including the Communist Party of China's policies, institutions, norms, and failure to adapt to a changing environment in the post-Mao era caused by the market liberalization reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping.

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Cui Jian

Cui Jian (born 2 August 1961) is a Beijing-based Chinese singer-songwriter, trumpeter and guitarist.

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Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution, formally the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in China from 1966 until 1976.

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

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Dai Qing

Dai Qing (born August 1941, Chinese: 戴晴, Pinyin: Dài Qíng) is a journalist and activist for China-related issues; most significantly against the Three Gorges Dam Project.

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Daily Times (Pakistan)

The Daily Times (DT) is an English-language Pakistani newspaper.

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Democracy

Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.

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Democracy Party of China

The Democracy Party of China (DPC) is a political party that started in the People's Republic of China, and was banned by the Communist Party of China (CPC).

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Demographics of Libya

Demographics of Libya include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the Libyan population.

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Demonstration (protest)

A demonstration or street protest is action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause; it normally consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, to hear speakers.

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Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997), courtesy name Xixian (希贤), was a Chinese politician.

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Ding Zilin

Ding Zilin (born December 20, 1936 or January 1, 1939) is a retired professor of philosophy and the leader of the political pressure group Tiananmen Mothers.

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Du Xian (news anchor)

Du Xian (born 23 September 1954) is a Chinese news anchor and professor.

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Duan Qirui

Duan Qirui (6 March 1865 – 2 November 1936) was a Chinese warlord and politician, a commander of the Beiyang Army and the acting Chief Executive of the Republic of China (in Beijing) from 1924–26.

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Dui Hua Foundation

The Dui Hua Foundation (simplified Chinese: 中美对话基金会, traditional Chinese: 中美對話基金會, pinyin: zhōng měi duì huà jī jīn huì), or Dui Hua, is a San Francisco-based nonprofit humanitarian organization that seeks clemency and better treatment for at-risk detainees through the promotion of universally recognized human rights in a well-informed, mutually respectful dialogue with China.

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East Germany

East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), existed from 1949 to 1990 and covers the period when the eastern portion of Germany existed as a state that was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War period.

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.

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Eight Elders

The Eight Great Eminent Officials, abbreviated as the Eight Elders, were a group of elderly members of the Communist Party of China who held substantial power during the 1980s and 1990s.

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Escape from China

Escape From China: The Long Journey from Tiananmen to Freedom is a book by Zhang Boli.

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European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU).

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Executive Order 12711

The Executive Order 12711 was issued by American president George H. W. Bush on 11 April 1990.

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Expanding bullet

Expanding bullets, also known as dumdum bullets, are projectiles designed to expand on impact, increasing in diameter to limit penetration and/or produce a larger diameter wound for faster incapacitation.

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Falun Gong

Falun Gong or Falun Dafa (Standard Mandarin Chinese:; literally, "Dharma Wheel Practice" or "Law Wheel Practice") is a modern Chinese spiritual practice that combines meditation and qigong exercises with a moral philosophy centered on the tenets of truthfulness, compassion, and forbearance.

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Fang Lizhi

Fang Lizhi (February 12, 1936 – April 6, 2012) was a Chinese astrophysicist, vice-president of the University of Science and Technology of China, and activist whose liberal ideas inspired the pro-democracy student movement of 1986–87 and, finally, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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February 28 Incident

The February 28 Incident or the February 28 Massacre, also known as the 2.28 Incident (from), was an anti-government uprising in Taiwan that was violently suppressed by the Kuomintang-led Republic of China government, which killed thousands of civilians beginning on 28 February 1947.

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Female infanticide

Female infanticide is the deliberate killing of newborn female children.

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Feng Congde

Feng Congde (born 1966 in Szechuan) is a Chinese dissident.

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Figurehead

In politics, a figurehead is a person who holds de jure (in name or by law) an important title or office (often supremely powerful), yet de facto (in reality) executes little actual power.

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Flare

A flare, also sometimes called a fusee, is a type of pyrotechnic that produces a brilliant light or intense heat without an explosion.

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Forbidden City (novel)

Forbidden City is a novel based on the events of the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989.

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Foreign Affairs

Foreign Affairs is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

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Freedom of speech

Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or sanction.

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Freedom of the press

Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.

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Frontline (U.S. TV series)

Frontline (styled by the program as FRONTLINE) is the flagship investigative journalism series of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), producing in-depth documentaries on a variety of domestic and international stories and issues, and broadcasting them on air and online.

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Funding of student organizations during the Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989

The catalyst for the birth of the Pro-Democracy Movement was the death of Hu Yaobang on April 15, 1989.

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Fuxingmen

Fuxingmen is the name of a gate that used to be a part of Beijing's old city wall.

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General Office of the Communist Party of China

The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, often referred to as the Central Office (中办), is an office directly under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in charge of the routine administrative affairs of the Central Committee and its Politburo.

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General Secretary of the Communist Party of China

The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is head of the Communist Party of China and the highest-ranking official within the People's Republic of China.

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Gerhard Schröder

Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder (born 7 April 1944) is a German politician, and served as Chancellor of Germany from 1998 to 2005, during which his most important political project was the Agenda 2010.

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Goddess of Democracy

The Goddess of Democracy, also known as the Goddess of Democracy and Freedom, the Spirit of Democracy, and the Goddess of Liberty (自由女神; zìyóu nǚshén), was a 10-meter-tall (33 ft) statue created during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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Government of China

The central government of the People's Republic of China is divided among several state organs.

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Great Hall of the People

The Great Hall of the People is a state building located at the western edge of Tiananmen Square in Beijing.

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Group of Seven

The Group of Seven (G7) is a group consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

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Guangming Daily

The Guangming Daily, Guangming Ribao, or Enlightenment Daily is a national Chinese-language daily newspaper published in the People's Republic of China.

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Gunfight (song)

"Gunfight" is the second single from Sick Puppies' fourth album Connect.

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Gwangju Uprising

The Gwangju Uprising, alternatively called May 18 Democratic Uprising by UNESCO, and also known as May 18 Gwangju Democratization Movement, was a popular uprising in the city of Gwangju, South Korea, from May 18 to 27, 1980.

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Happy Valley Racecourse

The Happy Valley Racecourse is one of the two racecourses for horse racing and is a tourist attraction in Hong Kong.

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Hebei

Hebei (postal: Hopeh) is a province of China in the North China region.

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Hedge fund

A hedge fund is an investment fund that pools capital from accredited individuals or institutional investors and invests in a variety of assets, often with complex portfolio-construction and risk-management techniques.

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Hefei

Hefei is the capital and largest city of Anhui Province in China.

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Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China

The Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China (abbr. 支聯會) is a pro-Chinese democratic organization that was established on 21 May 1989 in the then British colony of Hong Kong during the demonstration for the students protest in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.

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Hong Kong Island

Hong Kong Island is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong.

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Hou Dejian

Hou Dejian (Cantonese: Hau Dak-gin, born October 1, 1956), is a songwriter, composer, and singer from Taiwan.

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Hsinchu

Hsinchu officially known as Hsinchu City, is a provincial city in northern Taiwan.

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Hu Jintao

---- Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who was the paramount leader of China from 2002 to 2012.

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Hu Qili

Hu Qili (born October 1929) is a former high-ranking politician of the Communist Party of China (CPC).

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Hu Yaobang

Hu Yaobang (20 November 1915 – 15 April 1989) was a high-ranking official of the People's Republic of China.

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Hunger strike

A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance or pressure in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or to provoke feelings of guilt in others, usually with the objective to achieve a specific goal, such as a policy change.

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Hypnotize (System of a Down song)

"Hypnotize" is a song by Armenian American rock band System of a Down.

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Inflation

In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.

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Internet censorship in China

Internet censorship in China is among the most extensive in the world due to a wide variety of laws and administrative regulations.

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Iron rice bowl

"Iron rice bowl" is a Chinese term used to refer to an occupation with guaranteed job security, as well as steady income and benefits.

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Jacques Chirac

Jacques René Chirac (born 29 November 1932) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 1995 to 2007.

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James R. Lilley

James Roderick Lilley; January 15, 1928 – November 12, 2009) was an American diplomat who served as United States ambassador to China at the time of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Born to American parents in China, Lilley learned Mandarin at a young age before his family moved back to the United States at the outbreak of World War II. He served in the United States Army before earning an undergraduate degree from Yale University and a master's in international relations from George Washington University. He then joined the Central Intelligence Agency, where he would work for nearly 30 years in a variety of Asian countries prior to becoming a diplomat. Before being appointed ambassador to China in 1989, he was director of the American Institute in Taiwan, Washington's ''de facto'' embassy on the island, and ambassador to South Korea. After the suppression of the Tiananmen Square protests, Lilley was critical of the Chinese crackdown and harbored a prominent dissident in the embassy, but worked to prevent long-term damage to United States–China relations. After his retirement, he published a memoir and worked as a fellow at the American Enterprise Institute.

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Jay Mathews

Jay Mathews (born April 5, 1945, in Long Beach, California) is an author and education columnist with the Washington Post.

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Jiang Yanyong

Jiang Yanyong (born October 4, 1931) is a Chinese physician from Beijing who publicized a coverup of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in China.

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Jiang Zemin

Jiang Zemin (born 17 August 1926) is a retired Chinese politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003.

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Jianguomen

Jianguomen, or the "Gate of Construction of a nation" in English, was a gate in the city wall that once stood in Beijing and is now a transportation hub to the east of city centre.

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June 4th Museum

The "June 4th Museum", organized by the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, is a currently homeless memorial museum of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, that occurred in Beijing, China.

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June Struggle

The June Struggle, also known as the June Democracy Movement and June Democratic Uprising was a nationwide democracy movement in South Korea that generated mass protests from June 10 to June 29, 1987.

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Kate Adie

Kathryn Adie, (born 19 September 1945) is an English journalist.

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Killed in action

Killed in action (KIA) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces.

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Kucong

The Kucong (Chinese:苦聪人) is an ethnic group in China and it is considered one of the poorest minorities in the country.

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Kyra Phillips

Kyra Phillips (born August 8, 1968) is an American news anchor and reporter.

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La Vanguardia

La Vanguardia (Spanish for "The Vanguard") is a Spanish daily newspaper, founded in 1881.

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Li Lu

Li Lu (born April 6, 1966) is a Chinese-born American investment banker, investor and hedge fund manager.

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Li Peng

Li Peng (born 20 October 1928) is a retired Chinese politician.

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Li Xiannian

Li Xiannian (pronounced; 23 June 1909 – 21 June 1992) was a President of the People's Republic of China between 1983 and 1988 and then Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference until his death.

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Li Ximing

Li Ximing (February 1926 – November 10, 2008) was the Communist Party boss in Beijing during the 1989 crackdown on pro-democracy protests in the capital and across the country.

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List of massacres in China

The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in China (numbers may be approximate or exaggerated).

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List of modern political leaders of Tibet

The following is a list of modern political leaders of Tibet within the People's Republic of China.

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Liu Gang

Liu Gang (born 30 January 1961) is a Chinese scientist and revolutionary who founded the Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation.

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Liu Huaqing

Liu Huaqing (October 1, 1916 – January 14, 2011) was a general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.

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Liu Xiaobo

Liu Xiaobo (刘晓波, 28 December 1955 – 13 July 2017) was a Chinese writer, literary critic, human rights activist, philosopher and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who called for political reforms and was involved in campaigns to end communist one-party rule in China.

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Luo Gan

Luo Gan (born July 18, 1935) is a retired Chinese politician.

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Mainland China

Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland, is the geopolitical as well as geographical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893September 9, 1976), commonly known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.

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March 18 Massacre

The March 18 Massacre was a massacre that took place on 18 March 1926, amid an anti-warlord and anti-imperialist demonstration in Beijing, China.

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Marillion

Marillion are a British rock band, formed in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, in 1979.

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Market economy

A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.

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Marketization

Marketization or marketisation is a restructuring process that enables state enterprises to operate as market-oriented firms by changing the legal environment in which they operate.

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Martial law

Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civilian functions of government, especially in response to a temporary emergency such as invasion or major disaster, or in an occupied territory. Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their rule over the public.

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Martin Lee

Martin Lee Chu-ming, SC, JP (born 8 June 1938) is a Hong Kong politician and barrister.

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Maryse Alberti

Maryse Alberti (born March 10, 1954) is a French cinematographer who mainly works in the United States on independent fiction films and vérité, observational documentaries.

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May 1998 riots of Indonesia

The May 1998 riots of Indonesia (Kerusuhan Mei 1998), also known as the 1998 tragedy (Tragedi 1998) or simply the 1998 event (Peristiwa 1998), were incidents of mass violence, demonstrations, and civil unrest of a racial nature that occurred throughout Indonesia, mainly in Medan in the province of North Sumatra (4–8 May), the capital city of Jakarta (12–15 May), and Surakarta (also called Solo) in the province of Central Java (13–15 May).

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May Fourth Movement

The May Fourth Movement was an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing out of student participants in Beijing on 4 May 1919, protesting against the Chinese government's weak response to the Treaty of Versailles, especially allowing Japan to receive territories in Shandong which had been surrendered by Germany after the Siege of Tsingtao.

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Memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

In the days following the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, many memorials and vigils were held around the world.

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Michael Apted

Michael David Apted, (born 10 February 1941) is an English director, producer, writer and actor.

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Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, GCL (born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician.

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Ministry of Public Security (China)

The Ministry of Public Security (MPS) is the principal police and security authority of the People's Republic of China and the government ministry that exercises oversight over and is ultimately responsible for day-to-day law enforcement.

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Ministry of State Security (China)

No description.

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Minzu University of China

Minzu University of China (MUC) is a national-level university in Haidian District, Beijing, China designated for ethnic minorities in China.

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Molotov cocktail

A Molotov cocktail, also known as a petrol bomb, bottle bomb, poor man's grenade, Molotovin koktaili (Finnish), polttopullo (Finnish), fire bomb (not to be confused with an actual fire bomb) or just Molotov, commonly shortened as Molly, is a generic name used for a variety of bottle-based improvised incendiary weapons.

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Monument to the People's Heroes

The Monument to the People's Heroes is a ten-story obelisk that was erected as a national monument of the People's Republic of China to the martyrs of revolutionary struggle during the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Moving the Mountain (1994 film)

Moving the Mountain is a 1994 feature documentary directed by Michael Apted and produced by Trudie Styler, with cinematography by Maryse Alberti and music by Liu Sola.

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MSNBC

MSNBC is an American news cable and satellite television network that provides news coverage and political commentary from NBC News on current events.

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Muammar Gaddafi

Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi (20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi, was a Libyan revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

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Muxidi station

Muxidi Station is a station on Line 1 of the Beijing Subway.

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Nanjing University

Nanjing University (NJU or NU,. Chinese abbr. 南大; pinyin: Nándà, Nanda), or Nanking University, is a prestigious public (national) university, and is the oldest institution of higher learning, located in Nanjing, China.

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Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge

The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is a double-decked road-rail truss bridge across the Yangtze River between Pukou and Xiaguan in Nanjing, China.

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Nanlishilu station

Nanlishilu Station is a station on Line 1 of the Beijing Subway.

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National Security Agency

The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence.

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National Tsing Hua University

National Tsing Hua University (NTHU) is a research university located in Hsinchu City, Republic of China (Taiwan).

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Nepotism

Nepotism is based on favour granted to relatives in various fields, including business, politics, entertainment, sports, religion and other activities.

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Nevermore

Nevermore was an American heavy metal band from Seattle, Washington, United States.

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Nicholas Kristof

Nicholas Donabet Kristof (born April 27, 1959) is an American journalist and political commentator.

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North Korea

North Korea (Chosŏn'gŭl:조선; Hanja:朝鮮; Chosŏn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (abbreviated as DPRK, PRK, DPR Korea, or Korea DPR), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.

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Occupation (protest)

As an act of protest, occupation is a strategy often used by social movements and other forms of collective social action in order to take and hold public and symbolic spaces, buildings, critical infrastructure such as entrances to train stations, shopping centers, university buildings, squares, and parks.

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One country, two systems

"One country, two systems" is a constitutional principle formulated by Deng Xiaoping, the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC), for the reunification of China during the early 1980s.

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Operation Yellowbird

Operation Yellowbird or Operation Siskin, was a Hong Kong-based operation to help the Chinese dissidents who participated in Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 to escape arrest by the PRC government by facilitating their departure overseas via Hong Kong.

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Paramount leader

In modern Chinese politics, the paramount leader of the Communist Party of China and the State is an informal term that refers to the most prominent political leader in the People's Republic of China.

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Pariah state

A pariah state (also called an international pariah or a global pariah) is a nation considered to be an outcast in the international community.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.

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Peking University

Peking University (abbreviated PKU or Beida; Chinese: 北京大学, pinyin: běi jīng dà xué) is a major Chinese research university located in Beijing and a member of the C9 League.

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People Power Revolution

The People Power Revolution (also known as the EDSA Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986 or simply EDSA 1986) was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in the capital city of Manila from February 22–25, 1986.

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People's Armed Police

The Chinese People's Armed Police Force (abbreviated: PAP) is a Chinese paramilitary police (Gendarmerie) force primarily responsible for internal security, law enforcement and maritime rights protection in China, as well as providing support to the PLA Ground Force during wartime.

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People's Daily

The People's Daily or Renmin Ribao is the biggest newspaper group in China.

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People's Liberation Army

The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the armed forces of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Communist Party of China (CPC).

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People's Liberation Army Air Force Airborne Corps

The People's Liberation Army Air Force Airborne Corps is a corps directly under the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) headquarters.

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People's Liberation Army at Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

During the 1989 student demonstrations in Beijing, the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) played a decisive role in enforcing martial law, suppressing the demonstrations by force and upholding the authority of the Chinese Communist Party.

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Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China

The Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China, usually known as the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Communist Party of China.

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Political corruption

Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain.

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Politics of Beijing

The politics of Beijing is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China.

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Politics of Shanghai

The Politics of Shanghai is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Premier of the People's Republic of China

The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, sometimes also referred to informally as the "Prime Minister", is the Leader of the State Council of China (constitutionally synonymous with the "Central People's Government" since 1954), who is the head of government and holds the highest rank (Level 1) in the Civil Service.

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Presidency of George H. W. Bush

The presidency of George H. W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 1989, when George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as 41st President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1993.

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President of the People's Republic of China

The President of the People's Republic of China is the head of state of the People's Republic of China.

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Princeton University

Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey.

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Prisoner of the State

Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang are the memoirs of the former General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Zhao Ziyang, who was sacked after the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989.

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Purge

In history, religion and political science, a purge is a removal of people who are considered undesirable by those in power from a government, another organization, their team owners, or society as a whole.

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Pyongyang

Pyongyang, or P'yŏngyang, is the capital and largest city of North Korea.

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Qian Liren

Qian Liren (born August 1924) is a Chinese politician, diplomat, and translator.

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Qiao Shi

Qiao Shi (24 December 1924 – 14 June 2015) was a Chinese politician and one of the top leaders of the Communist Party of China.

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R.E.M.

R.E.M. was an American rock band from Athens, Georgia, that was formed in 1980 by drummer Bill Berry, guitarist Peter Buck, bassist/backing vocalist Mike Mills, and lead vocalist Michael Stipe.

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Reactions to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

The events at Tiananmen were the first of their type shown in detail on Western television.

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Red Cross Society of China

The Red Cross Society of China is the national Red Cross Society in the People's Republic of China.

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Red herring

A red herring is something that misleads or distracts from a relevant or important issue.

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Reporters Without Borders

Reporters Without Borders (RWB), or Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), is an international non-profit, non-governmental organization that promotes and defends freedom of information and freedom of the press.

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Reserve power

In a parliamentary or semi-presidential system of government, a reserve power is a power that may be exercised by the head of state without the approval of another branch of the government.

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Revolutions of 1989

The Revolutions of 1989 formed part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.

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Richard Roth (journalist)

Richard Roth (born 1955) is an American journalist, a CNN correspondent who covers the United Nations.

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Rob Gifford

Rob Gifford is a British radio correspondent and journalist.

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Robin Munro

Robin Munro is a British legal scholar, author, and human rights advocate.

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Roger Waters

George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943) is an English songwriter, singer, bassist, and composer.

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Roman numerals

The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.

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Secretariat of the Communist Party of China

The Central Secretariat of the Communist Party of China is a body serving the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and its Standing Committee.

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Separation of powers

The separation of powers is a model for the governance of a state.

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Shandong

Shandong (formerly romanized as Shantung) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the East China region.

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Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) is a public research university in Shanghai, China.

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Shen Tong

Shen Tong (Simplified Chinese: 沈彤; Hanyu Pinyin: Shěn Tóng) is a Chinese American social activist, impact investor, writer.

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Shiny Happy People

"Shiny Happy People" is a song by the band R.E.M. The song appeared on their 1991 album Out of Time and was released as a single in the same year.

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Sichuan

Sichuan, formerly romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan, is a province in southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north, and the Yungui Plateau to the south.

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Sick Puppies

Sick Puppies is an Australian rock at AllMusic band, formed in 1997.

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Sino-Soviet split

The Sino-Soviet split (1956–1966) was the breaking of political relations between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), caused by doctrinal divergences arising from each of the two powers' different interpretation of Marxism–Leninism as influenced by the national interests of each country during the Cold War.

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Sit-in

A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change.

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Skinny Puppy

Skinny Puppy is a Canadian industrial music group formed in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1982.

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Slap!

Slap! is the fourth studio album by anarchist punk band Chumbawamba.

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Speaking of Dreams

Speaking of Dreams is a 1989 album by Joan Baez that mixed personal compositions like the title song with political statements like "China", which was inspired by the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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Squatting position

Squatting is a posture where the weight of the body is on the feet (as with standing) but the knees and hips are bent.

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State Council of the People's Republic of China

The State Council, constitutionally synonymous with the Central People's Government since 1954 (particularly in relation to local governments), is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China.

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State funeral

A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honour people of national significance.

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State visit

A state visit is a formal visit by a head of state to a foreign country, at the invitation of that country's head of state, with the latter also acting as the official host for the duration of the state visit.

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State-owned enterprise

A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a business enterprise where the state has significant control through full, majority, or significant minority ownership.

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Suharto

Muhammad Suharto (also written Soeharto;, or Muhammad Soeharto; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian military leader and politician who served as the second President of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998.

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Summer Palace (2006 film)

Summer Palace, is a 2006 Chinese film and the fourth feature film by director Lou Ye.

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Swan song

The swan song (ancient Greek: κύκνειον ᾆσμα; Latin: carmen cygni) is a metaphorical phrase for a final gesture, effort, or performance given just before death or retirement.

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System of a Down

System of a Down, sometimes abbreviated as SOAD or colloquially referred to as System, is an heavy metal band from Glendale, California, formed in 1994.

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Szeto Wah

Szeto Wah (28 February 1931 – 2 January 2011) was a prominent Hong Kong democracy activist and politician.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Tank Man

Tank Man (also known as the Unknown Protester or Unknown Rebel) is the nickname of an unidentified man who stood in front of a column of tanks on June 5, 1989, the morning after the Chinese military had suppressed the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 by force.

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Televisión Española

Televisión Española (acronym TVE, on lowercase letters: tve, in English "Spanish Television") is the national state-owned public-service television broadcaster in Spain.

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The Critical Moment

The Critical Moment – Li Peng Diaries is a book issued in 2010 in the United States by West Point Publishing House, a small publisher established by Zheng Cunzhu, a former 1989 pro-democracy activist.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The Internationale

"The Internationale" (L'Internationale) is a left-wing anthem.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The People's Republic of Amnesia: Tiananmen Revisited

The People’s Republic of Amnesia: Tiananmen Revisited is a nonfiction book by journalist Louisa Lim and published by Oxford University Press in 2014.

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The Politics of Ecstasy (album)

The Politics of Ecstasy is the second full-length studio album by Thrash/Power Metal band Nevermore.

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The Tiananmen Papers

The Tiananmen Papers was first published in English in January 2001 by PublicAffairs.

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Theater commands of the People's Liberation Army

The People's Liberation Army uses a system of theater commands, of which there are now five.

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Tiananmen

The Tiananmen, or the Gate of Heavenly Peace, is a monumental gate in the centre of Beijing, widely used as a national symbol of China.

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Tiananmen Incident

The Tiananmen Incident took place on April 5, 1976, at Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China.

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Tiananmen Mothers

The Tiananmen Mothers is a group of Chinese democracy activists promoting a change in the government's position over the suppression of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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Tiananmen Square

Tiananmen Square is a city square in the centre of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen ("Gate of Heavenly Peace") located to its north, separating it from the Forbidden City.

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Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, commonly known in mainland China as the June Fourth Incident (六四事件), were student-led demonstrations in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, in 1989.

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Tianqiao District

Tianqiao District is one of six districts of Jinan, the capital of Shandong province, People's Republic of China, forming part of the city's urban core.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century

Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century is a compilation of the 20th century's 100 most influential people, published in Time magazine in 1999.

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Tin Omen (song)

Tin Omen is a single by the band Skinny Puppy, taken from their 1989 album Rabies.

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Tom Brokaw

Thomas John Brokaw (born February 6, 1940) is an American television journalist and author, best known for being the anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News for 22 years (1982–2004).

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Tony Thomas (producer)

Charles Anthony "Tony" Thomas (born December 7, 1948) is an American television and film producer.

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Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.

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Trencher (machine)

A trencher is a piece of construction equipment used to dig trenches, especially for laying pipes or electrical cables, for installing drainage, or in preparation for trench warfare.

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Trolleybus

A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tram Joyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). British Trolleybus Systems, pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing.. or trolleyDunbar, Charles S. (1967). Buses, Trolleys & Trams. Paul Hamlyn Ltd. (UK). Republished 2004 with or 9780753709702.) is an electric bus that draws power from overhead wires (generally suspended from roadside posts) using spring-loaded trolley poles.

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Trudie Styler

Trudie Styler (born 6 January 1954) is an English actress, film producer and director.

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Tsinghua University

Tsinghua University (abbreviated THU;; also romanized as Qinghua) is a major research university in Beijing, China and a member of the elite C9 League of Chinese universities.

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United Front (China)

The United Front in China is a popular front of the legally permitted parties in the country, led by the Communist Party of China (CPC).

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United Nations Convention against Torture

The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (commonly known as the United Nations Convention against Torture (UNCAT)) is an international human rights treaty, under the review of the United Nations, that aims to prevent torture and other acts of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment around the world.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter.

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United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade

On May 7, 1999, during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia (Operation Allied Force), five US JDAM guided bombs hit the People's Republic of China embassy in the Belgrade district of New Belgrade, killing three Chinese reporters and outraging the Chinese public.

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USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism

The USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism comprises a School of Communication and a School of Journalism at the University of Southern California (USC).

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Venture capital

Venture capital (VC) is a type of private equity, a form of financing that is provided by firms or funds to small, early-stage, emerging firms that are deemed to have high growth potential, or which have demonstrated high growth (in terms of number of employees, annual revenue, or both).

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Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission

The office of Vice-Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) functions as the deputy to the CMC Chairman.

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Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China

The Vice-Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China is a high-ranking executive assistant to the Premier.

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Vice President of the People's Republic of China

The Vice-President of the People's Republic of China (abbreviated Guójiā Fùzhǔxí 国家副主席, literally "State Vice-Chairperson"), formerly translated as Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China from 1954 to 1975, is a senior position in the government of the People's Republic of China.

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W. W. Norton & Company

W.

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Wall Street

Wall Street is an eight-block-long street running roughly northwest to southeast from Broadway to South Street, at the East River, in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City.

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Wan Li

Wan Li (1 December 1916 – 15 July 2015) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary and politician.

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Wang Dan (dissident)

Wang Dan (born February 26, 1969) is a leader of the Chinese democracy movement, was one of the most visible of the student leaders in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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Wang Juntao

Wang Juntao (born 1958) is a Chinese dissident and democracy activist accused by the Chinese government for being one of the “black hands” behind the Tiananmen Student Movement.

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Wang Youcai

Wang Youcai (born 29 June 1966), an active dissident of the Chinese Government, was one of the supporters of democracy in China and an important student leader in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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Wang Zhen (general)

Wang Zhen (April 11, 1908 – March 12, 1993) was a Chinese political figure and one of the Eight Elders of the Communist Party of China.

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Waves of mass migrations from Hong Kong

The Hong Kong Mass Migration Wave was one of the waves of emigration of Hong Kong residents since the Second World War, accelerated by the Hong Kong 1967 Leftist Riots and extending into the 1980s and 1990s fuelled by Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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Wen Jiabao

Wen Jiabao (born 15 September 1942) was the sixth Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, serving as China's head of government for a decade between 2003 and 2013.

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Western Europe

Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.

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Women's roles during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

Many women participated in the Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989 for democratic reform in China.

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World Bank

The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.

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World Economic Herald

The World Economic Herald was a newspaper based in Shanghai, China.

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World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.

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Wreath

A wreath is an assortment of flowers, leaves, fruits, twigs, or various materials that is constructed to resemble a ring.

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Wu Renhua

Wu Renhua (born September 12, 1956) is a Chinese scholar and participant in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.

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Wu Xueqian

Wu Xueqian (December 19, 1921 – April 4, 2008) was a senior Chinese politician who served as the Foreign Minister and Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China.

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Wu'erkaixi

Örkesh Dölet (Uyghur: ئۆركەش دۆلەت; alternatively transliterated Uerkesh Davlet), commonly known as Wu'erkaixi (from the Chinese spelling of his name), is a Chinese dissident of Uyghur heritage known for his leading role during the Tiananmen protests of 1989.

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Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge

The Wuhan Yangtze Great Bridge, commonly known as Wuhan First Yangtze Bridge, is a double-deck road and rail bridge across the Yangtze River in Wuhan, in Central China.

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Wukesong

Wukesong, literally the "Five Pine Trees", is the name of the roadway interchange in Haidian District in western Beijing where Fuxing Lu, the western extension of Chang'an Avenue crosses the Fourth Ring Road.

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Xi Zhongxun

Xi Zhongxun (15 October 1913 – 24 May 2002) was a Chinese communist revolutionary and a political leader in the early days of the People's Republic of China.

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Xi'an

Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province, China.

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Xidan

Xidan (Chinese: 西单; Pinyin: Xīdān) is a major traditional commercial area in Beijing, China.

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Xinhua News Agency

Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation: J. C. Wells: Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd ed., for both British and American English) or New China News Agency is the official state-run press agency of the People's Republic of China.

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Xinjiang

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى; SASM/GNC: Xinjang Uyĝur Aptonom Rayoni; p) is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country.

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Xinwen Lianbo

Xinwen Lianbo (literally "News Simulcast") is a daily news programme produced by China Central Television (CCTV).

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Xu Qinxian

Xu Qinxian (born 1935) is a former major general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.

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Xue Fei (host)

Xue Fei is a Chinese host and educator.

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Yahoo! News

Yahoo! News is a news website that originated as an internet-based news aggregator by Yahoo!.

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Yan Jiaqi

Yan Jiaqi (born December 25, 1942) is a Chinese political scientist and dissident.

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Yan Mingfu

Yan Mingfu (born 1931) is a retired Chinese politician.

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Yang Shangkun

Yang Shangkun (3 August 1907 – 14 September 1998) was President of the People's Republic of China from 1988 to 1993, and was a powerful Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the Central Military Commission under Deng Xiaoping.

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Yao Yilin

Yao Yilin (September 6, 1917 – December 11, 1994) was a Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China from 1979 to 1988, and the country's First Vice Premier from 1988 to 1993.

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Zhang Boli

Zhang Boli (born 1959) is a Chinese dissident.

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Zhao Changqing

Zhao Changqing (born April 1969) is a history teacher and political activist in the People’s Republic of China.

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Zhao Ziyang

Zhao Ziyang (pronounced; 17 October 1919 – 17 January 2005) was a high-ranking statesman in China.

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Zhejiang

, formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China.

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Zhengyangmen

Qianmen is the colloquial name for Zhengyangmen (Manchu:;Möllendorff:tob šun-i duka; meaning "gate of the zenith Sun"), a gate in Beijing's historic city wall.

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Zhongnanhai

Zhongnanhai is a former imperial garden in the Imperial City, Beijing, adjacent to the Forbidden City; it serves as the central headquarters for the Communist Party of China and the State Council (Central government) of China.

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Zhou Yongjun incident

The Zhou Yongjun incident was a political controversy which involved the rendition of Zhou Yongjun (周勇军), a former student activist during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, by the Hong Kong authorities to the People's Republic of China.

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Zhu Rongji

Zhu Rongji (IPA:; born 1 October 1928) is a retired Chinese politician who served as Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai from 1988 to 1991 and as First Vice Premier and then Premier from March 1998 to March 2003.

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1989 Chinese protests by region

The protests that occurred throughout the People's Republic of China in the early to middle months of 1989 mainly started out as memorials for former General Secretary Hu Yaobang.

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1994 Hong Kong electoral reform

The 1994 Hong Kong electoral reform was a set of significant constitutional changes in the last years of British colonial rule in Hong Kong before the handover of its sovereignty to the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997.

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1st Armored Brigade (People's Republic of China)

No description.

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2006 youth protests in France

The 2006 youth protests in France occurred throughout France during February, March, and April 2006 as a result of opposition to a measure set to deregulate labour.

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20th anniversary of Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

The 20th anniversary of Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 (20周年六四遊行) was a series of rallies that took place in late May to early June 2009 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of 4 June Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, during which the Chinese government sent troops to suppress the pro-democracy movement.

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20th Group Army

The 20th Group Army is a military formation of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force, stationed in the Jinan Military Region.

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27th Group Army

The 27th Group Army was a military formation of China's People's Liberation Army and one of three active group armies belonging to the Beijing Military Region.

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3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

The 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was a pivotal meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Beijing, China, from December 18 to December 22, 1978.

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40th Group Army

The 40th Group Army was a military formation of the People's Liberation Army, active in various forms from 1949 to 2017.

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79th Group Army

The 79th Group Army, formerly the 39th Group Army, is a military formation of roughly corps strength, of the People's Liberation Army of China.

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80th Group Army

The 80th Group Army, formerly the 26th Group Army, is a military formation of the People's Liberation Army, seemingly originally formed in 1949.

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81st Group Army

The 81st Group Army, formerly the 65th Group Army, is a military formation of China's People's Liberation Army and one of three active group armies belonging to the Beijing Military Region.

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82nd Group Army

The 82nd Group Army, formerly the 38th Group Army, is a military formation of China's People's Liberation Army and one of three active group armies belonging to the Beijing Military Region.

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83rd Group Army

No description.

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8888 Uprising

The 8888 Nationwide Popular Pro-Democracy Protests (MLCTS: hrac le: lum), also known as the 8-8-88 Uprisings, or the People Power Uprising,Yawnghwe (1995), pp.

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Redirects here:

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989

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