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73 relations: Acetoacetic acid, Acetyl-CoA, Alcoholic ketoacidosis, Anticonvulsant, Anxiety, Beta hydroxy acid, Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid, Biodegradable plastic, Blood plasma, Blood sugar level, Blood–brain barrier, Brain, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Butyric acid, Butyryl-CoA, Calorie restriction, Carboxylic acid, Cell signaling, Central nervous system, Chemical formula, Chirality (chemistry), Cognitive deficit, Conjugate acid, Crotonyl-CoA, Cupriavidus metallidurans, Depression (mood), Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Enantiomer, Enzyme, Epilepsy, Epileptic seizure, Erythrose, Exercise, Fasting, Fatty acid, Fatty acid metabolism, HDAC3, Heart, Hippocampus, Histone deacetylase 2, Histone deacetylase inhibitor, Hydrolysis, Hydroxybutyrate-dimer hydrolase, Hydroxybutyric acid, Isoleucine, Isozyme, Ketogenesis, Ketogenic amino acid, Ketogenic diet, ..., Ketone bodies, Ketosis, Lactic acid, Leucine, Liver, Malonic acid, Metabolic pathway, Muscle, Natural product, Niacin receptor 1, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Oxaloacetic acid, Polyhydroxybutyrate, Promoter (genetics), Propionic acid, Threose, Tropomyosin receptor kinase B, 1,2-Butanediol, 1,4-Butanediol, 2,3-Butanediol, 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, 3-Hydroxypentanoic acid, 3-Hydroxypropionic acid. Expand index (23 more) »
Acetoacetic acid
Acetoacetic acid (also diacetic acid) is the organic compound with the formula CH3COCH2COOH.
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Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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Alcoholic ketoacidosis
Alcoholic ketoacidosis is a common reason for admission of alcohol dependent persons in hospitals emergency rooms.
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Anticonvulsant
Anticonvulsants (also commonly known as antiepileptic drugs or as antiseizure drugs) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures.
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Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.
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Beta hydroxy acid
A beta hydroxy acid or β-hydroxy acid (BHA) is an organic compound that contains a carboxylic acid functional group and hydroxy functional group separated by two carbon atoms.
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Beta-Hydroxy beta-methylbutyric acid
β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), otherwise known as its conjugate base,, is a naturally produced substance in humans that is used as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in certain medical foods that are intended to promote wound healing and provide nutritional support for people with muscle wasting due to cancer or HIV/AIDS.
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Biodegradable plastic
Biodegradable plastics are plastics that are decomposed by the action of living organisms, usually bacteria.
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Blood plasma
Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells.
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Blood sugar level
The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of humans and other animals.
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Blood–brain barrier
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, also known as BDNF, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BDNF gene.
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Butyric acid
Butyric acid (from βούτῡρον, meaning "butter"), also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, abbreviated BTA, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH.
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Butyryl-CoA
Butyryl-coenzyme A (or butyryl-CoA) is the coenzyme A-activated form of butyric acid.
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Calorie restriction
Calorie restriction, or caloric restriction, or energy restriction, is a dietary regimen that reduces calorie intake without incurring malnutrition or a reduction in essential nutrients.
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Carboxylic acid
A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(.
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Cell signaling
Cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is part of any communication process that governs basic activities of cells and coordinates all cell actions.
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Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
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Chemical formula
A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.
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Chirality (chemistry)
Chirality is a geometric property of some molecules and ions.
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Cognitive deficit
Cognitive deficit or cognitive impairment is an inclusive term to describe any characteristic that acts as a barrier to the cognition process.
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Conjugate acid
A conjugate acid, within the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, is a species formed by the reception of a proton (H+) by a base—in other words, it is a base with a hydrogen ion added to it.
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Crotonyl-CoA
Crotonyl-coenzyme A is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan.
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Cupriavidus metallidurans
Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34 (renamed from Ralstonia metallidurans and previously known as Ralstonia eutropha and Alcaligenes eutrophus) is a nonspore-forming, Gram-negative bacterium which is adapted to survive several forms of heavy metal stress.
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Depression (mood)
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, tendencies, feelings, and sense of well-being.
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
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Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus.
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Enantiomer
In chemistry, an enantiomer, also known as an optical isomer (and archaically termed antipode or optical antipode), is one of two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other that are non-superposable (not identical), much as one's left and right hands are the same except for being reversed along one axis (the hands cannot be made to appear identical simply by reorientation).
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures.
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Epileptic seizure
An epileptic seizure is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
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Erythrose
Erythrose is a tetrose sacharide with the chemical formula C4H8O4.
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Exercise
Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness.
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Fasting
Fasting is the willing abstinence or reduction from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time.
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Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
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Fatty acid metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism consists of catabolic processes that generate energy, and anabolic processes that create biologically important molecules (triglycerides, phospholipids, second messengers, local hormones and ketone bodies).
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HDAC3
Histone deacetylase 3 is an enzyme encoded by the HDAC3 gene in both humans and mice.
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Heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
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Hippocampus
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates.
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Histone deacetylase 2
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC2 gene.
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors, HDACi, HDIs) are chemical compounds that inhibit histone deacetylases.
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Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a term used for both an electro-chemical process and a biological one.
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Hydroxybutyrate-dimer hydrolase
In enzymology, a hydroxybutyrate-dimer hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (R)-3-((R)-3-hydroxybutanoyloxy)butanoate and H2O, whereas its product is (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate.
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Hydroxybutyric acid
Hydroxybutyric acid is a group of four-carbon organic compounds that have both hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functional groups.
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Isoleucine
Isoleucine (symbol Ile or I) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Isozyme
Isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.
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Ketogenesis
Ketogenesis is the biochemical process by which organisms produce a group of substances collectively known as ketone bodies by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids.
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Ketogenic amino acid
A ketogenic amino acid is an amino acid that can be degraded directly into acetyl-CoA, which is the precursor of ketone bodies.
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Ketogenic diet
The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet that in medicine is used primarily to treat difficult-to-control (refractory) epilepsy in children.
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Ketone bodies
Ketone bodies are three water-soluble molecules (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and their spontaneous breakdown product, acetone) containing the ketone group that are produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of low food intake (fasting), carbohydrate restrictive diets, starvation, prolonged intense exercise, alcoholism or in untreated (or inadequately treated) type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Ketosis
Ketosis is a metabolic state in which some of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis in which blood glucose provides energy.
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Lactic acid
Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.
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Leucine
Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Malonic acid
Malonic acid (IUPAC systematic name: propanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure CH2(COOH)2.
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Metabolic pathway
In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.
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Muscle
Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.
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Natural product
A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature.
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Niacin receptor 1
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2), also known as niacin receptor 1 (NIACR1) and GPR109A, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HCAR2 gene.
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells.
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Oxaloacetic acid
Oxaloacetic acid (also known as oxalacetic acid) is a crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula HO2CC(O)CH2CO2H.
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Polyhydroxybutyrate
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a polymer belonging to the polyesters class that are of interest as bio-derived and biodegradable plastics.
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Promoter (genetics)
In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
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Propionic acid
Propionic acid (from the Greek words protos, meaning "first", and pion, meaning "fat"; also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula C2H5COOH.
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Threose
Threose is a four-carbon monosaccharide with molecular formula C4H8O4.
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Tropomyosin receptor kinase B
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), also known as tyrosine receptor kinase B, or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK2 gene.
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1,2-Butanediol
1,2-Butanediol is a vic-diol (glycol) first described by Charles-Adolphe Wurtz in 1859.
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1,4-Butanediol
1,4-Butanediol, colloquially known as BD, is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
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2,3-Butanediol
2,3-Butanediol (HOCHMe)2 has three stereoisomers, all of which are colorless, viscous liquids.
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3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
In enzymology, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (''R'')-3-hydroxybutanoate and NAD+, whereas its three products are acetoacetate, NADH, and H+.
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3-Hydroxypentanoic acid
3-Hydroxypentanoic acid, or beta-hydroxypentanoate is a 5-carbon ketone body.
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3-Hydroxypropionic acid
3-Hydroxypropionic acid is a carboxylic acid, specifically a beta hydroxy acid.
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Redirects here:
(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate, 3-Hydroxybutanoic acid, 3-Hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, B-hydroxybutyrate, Beta hydroxybutyrate, Beta-hydroxybutyrate, Beta-hydroxybutyric acid, Betahydroxybutyrate, D-b-hydroxybutyrate, D-β-hydroxybutyrate, Β-Hydroxybutyrate, Β-Hydroxybutyric acid, Β-hydroxybutyrate, Β-hydroxybutyric acid.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Hydroxybutyric_acid
