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1581

Index 1581

Year 1581 (MDLXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, and a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Proleptic Gregorian calendar. [1]

247 relations: Achilles Statius, Act of Abjuration, Alexander Briant, Andreas Musculus, April 24, April 25, April 3, April 4, Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana of Austria, Arnold Möller, August, August 15, August 17, August 20, August 28, August 5, Łukasz Opaliński (1581–1654), Ballet, Ballet Comique de la Reine, Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx, Bayinnaung, Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Bishop of Dresden-Meissen, Breda, Brian Twyne, Capture of Breda (1581), Carlo I Cybo-Malaspina, Catherine de' Medici, Catholic Church, Charles Malapert, Choghtu Khong Tayiji, Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Christopher Báthory, Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, Colombia, Common year starting on Sunday, Common year starting on Thursday, Conquest of the Khanate of Sibir, Countess Palatine Dorothea of Simmern, December 1, December 11, December 17, December 21, December 26, December 27, Domenichino, Duchess Sabine of Württemberg, Edmund Campion, Edmund Gunter, Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh, ..., Edward Popham (MP for Bridgwater), Elizabeth I of England, England, Fausto Poli, February 15, February 17, Francis Drake, Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, Francis, Duke of Anjou, Francisco Foreiro, Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg, Gaspare Aselli, Grand chancellor (China), Guillaume Postel, Guru Arjan, Guru Ram Das, Hedwig of Denmark, Henry III of France, Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton, Herbert Duifhuis, History of Poland, History of Russia, Holy Roman Empire, Honoré I, Lord of Monaco, Hubert Languet, Iberian Union, Iga Province, Isidoro Bianchi, James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, James Ussher, Jan Kostka, January 22, January 30, January 4, January 6, Jean Chalette, Jean de la Cassière, Jean du Vergier de Hauranne, Jeremias Drexel, Johann Marbach, Johannes Gigas, Johannes Rudbeckius, John Dee, John IX of Haugwitz, Joos de Damhouder, Juan Damián López de Haro, Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, Julian calendar, July 11, July 12, July 18, July 20, July 22, July 25, July 26, June 2, June 21, June 27, Katharina of Hanau, Countess of Wied, Knight, Knights Hospitaller, Latin America, Louis Bertrand (saint), Louis Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Louise of Lorraine, Louvre Palace, March 16, March 17, March 18, March 19, March 25, Marguerite of Lorraine, Maria of Austria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Mathurin Romegas, May 21, May 22, May 31, May 4, Medium of exchange, Michael Neander, Ming dynasty, Narva, Netherlands, Nicholas Sanders, November 1, November 11, November 18, November 19, November 26, November 4, November 7, October 10, October 15, October 21, October 23, October 4, October 7, October 9, Oda Nobunaga, Odet de Turnèbe, Okabe Motonobu, Parliament of England, Patron saint, Peder Skram, Peter Niers, Philip II of Spain, Philip III, Landgrave of Hesse-Butzbach, Pier Luigi Carafa, Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, Pontus De la Gardie, Pope Gregory XIII, Proleptic Gregorian calendar, Puerto Rico, Ralph Sherwin, Reformation, Richard Cox (bishop), Richard Davies (bishop), Robert More, Roman numerals, Russia, September, September 1, September 16, September 21, September 27, September 28, September 29, September 30, Siege of Pskov, Sikh, Silver, Simon Archer (antiquary), Sisto Badalocchio, Society of Jesus, Spanish Empire, Stephen Báthory, Sweden, Thomas Overbury, Thuringia, Trier witch trials, Tsardom of Russia, Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich of Russia, Union of Utrecht, Vincent de Paul, Walter Davison, William Hockmore, Yermak Timofeyevich, Zhang Juzheng, 1492, 1500, 1502, 1504, 1505, 1507, 1510, 1514, 1516, 1518, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1525, 1526, 1529, 1530, 1531, 1534, 1540, 1545, 1549, 1550, 1552, 1556, 1597, 1600, 1613, 1626, 1630, 1631, 1637, 1638, 1639, 1641, 1643, 1644, 1645, 1646, 1647, 1648, 1653, 1654, 1655, 1656, 1658, 1660, 1662. Expand index (197 more) »

Achilles Statius

Achilles Statius (or Aquiles Estaço) (12 June 1524, Vidigueira – 28 September 1581) was a Portuguese humanist and writer, since 1555 living in Rome, where he was a secretary of the pope.

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Act of Abjuration

The Act of Abjuration (Plakkaat van Verlatinghe, literally 'placard of abjuration'), is de facto the declaration of independence by many of the provinces of the Netherlands from Spain in 1581, during the Dutch Revolt.

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Alexander Briant

Saint Alexander Briant (17 August 1556 – 1 December 1581) was an English Jesuit and martyr, executed at Tyburn.

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Andreas Musculus

Andreas Musculus (also Andreas Meusel; 29 November 1514 – 29 September 1581) was a German Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer.

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April 24

No description.

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April 25

No description.

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April 3

No description.

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April 4

On the Roman calendar, this was known as the day before the nones of April (Pridie).

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Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana of Austria

Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana of Austria (22 May 1581 – 20 September 1597) was a member of the House of Habsburg.

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Arnold Möller

Arnold Möller (4 May 1581 – 14 October 1655), was a German calligrapher.

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August

August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and the fifth of seven months to have a length of 31 days.

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August 15

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August 17

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August 20

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August 28

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August 5

No description.

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Łukasz Opaliński (1581–1654)

Łukasz de Bnin Opaliński of Łodzia coat of arms (1581–1654) was a Polish nobleman.

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Ballet

Ballet is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.

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Ballet Comique de la Reine

The Ballet Comique de la Reine (at the time spelled Balet comique de la Royne) was an elaborate court spectacle performed on October 15, 1581, during the reign of Henry III of France, in the large hall of the Hôtel de Bourbon, adjacent to the Louvre Palace in Paris.

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Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx

Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx (also Balthasar de Beaujoyeux), originally Baldassare de Belgiojoso (died c. 1587 in Paris) was an Italian violinist, composer, and choreographer.

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Bayinnaung

Bayinnaung Kyawhtin Nawrahta (ဘုရင့်နောင် ကျော်ထင်နော်ရထာ; บุเรงนองกะยอดินนรธา,; 16 January 1516 – 10 October 1581) was king of the Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1550 to 1581.

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Bernal Díaz del Castillo

Bernal Díaz del Castillo (c. 1496 – 1584) was a Spanish conquistador, who participated as a soldier in the conquest of Mexico under Hernán Cortés and late in his life wrote an account of the events.

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Bishop of Dresden-Meissen

The Bishop of Dresden-Meissen is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen in the Archdiocese of Berlin.

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Breda

Breda is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant.

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Brian Twyne

Brian Twyne (c. 25 July 1581 – 4 July 1644) was an antiquary and an academic at the University of Oxford.

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Capture of Breda (1581)

The Capture of Breda of 1581, also known as the Haultepenne Fury, occurred on 26 – 27 July when Spanish troops under the command of Claude de Berlaymont, lord of Haultepenne, took Breda by surprise after a sentry was bribed by a follower of the king, Charles de Gavre, who was kept a prisoner at the castle.

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Carlo I Cybo-Malaspina

Carlo I Cybo-Malaspina (18 November 1581 - 13 February 1662) was an Italian nobleman, who was marquis of Massa and Carrara from 1623 until his death.

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Catherine de' Medici

Catherine de Medici (Italian: Caterina de Medici,; French: Catherine de Médicis,; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589), daughter of Lorenzo II de' Medici and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne, was an Italian noblewoman who was queen of France from 1547 until 1559, by marriage to King Henry II.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Charles Malapert

Charles Malapert (1581–1630) was a Belgian Jesuit writer, astronomer and proponent of Aristotelian cosmology.

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Choghtu Khong Tayiji

Tümengken Tsoghtu Khong Tayiji (Classical Mongolian: Tümengken čoγtu qong tayiǰi; modern Mongolian:,, Tümenkhen Tsogt Khun Taij; 1581–1637), was a noble in Northern Khalkha.

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Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth

Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (30 January 1581 in Cölln – 30 May 1655 in Bayreuth) was a member of the House of Hohenzollern and Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (later renamed Brandenburg-Bayreuth).

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Christopher Báthory

Christopher Báthory (Báthory Kristóf; 1530 – 27 May 1581) was voivode of Transylvania from 1576 to 1581.

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Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac

Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac (October 9, 1581 – February 26, 1638) was a French mathematician, linguist, poet and classics scholar born in Bourg-en-Bresse, at that time belonging to Duchy of Savoy.

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Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.

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Common year starting on Sunday

A common year starting on Sunday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Sunday, 1 January, and ends on Sunday, 31 December.

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Common year starting on Thursday

A common year starting on Thursday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Thursday, 1 January, and ends on Thursday, 31 December.

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Conquest of the Khanate of Sibir

The Khanate of Sibir was a Muslim state located just east of the middle Ural Mountains.

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Countess Palatine Dorothea of Simmern

Countess Palatine Dorothea of Simmern (6 January 1581 – 18 September 1631) was a Countess Palatine of Simmern by birth and Princess of Anhalt-Dessau by marriage.

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December 1

No description.

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December 11

No description.

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December 17

No description.

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December 21

In the Northern Hemisphere, December 21 is usually the shortest day of the year and is sometimes regarded as the first day of winter.

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December 26

No description.

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December 27

No description.

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Domenichino

Domenico Zampieri, known as Domenichino for his shortness (October 21, 1581 – April 6, 1641), was an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese or Carracci School of painters.

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Duchess Sabine of Württemberg

Sabine of Württemberg (2 July 1549 in Montbéliard – 17 August 1581 in Rotenburg an der Fulda) was a princess of Württemberg by birth and by marriage, the first Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel.

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Edmund Campion

Saint Edmund Campion, S.J., (24 January 1540 – 1 December 1581) was an English Roman Catholic Jesuit priest and martyr.

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Edmund Gunter

Edmund Gunter (1581 – 10 December 1626), was an English clergyman, mathematician, geometer and astronomer of Welsh descent.

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Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh

Edward Barrett, 1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh, (21 June 1581 – buried 2 January 1645) was an English politician.

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Edward Popham (MP for Bridgwater)

Edward Popham (1581–1641) was an English Member of Parliament for Bridgewater in 1621, 1624, 1625 and 1626, and was also Sheriff of Somerset for the year 1622/23.

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Elizabeth I of England

Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Fausto Poli

Fausto Poli (17 February 1581 – 7 October 1653) was a Roman Catholic prelate and Cardinal.

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February 15

No description.

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February 17

No description.

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Francis Drake

Sir Francis Drake (– 28 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, slave trader, naval officer and explorer of the Elizabethan era.

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Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg

Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg (1510 – 19 March 1581, Buxtehude) was the eldest child and only son of Duke Magnus I of Saxe-Lauenburg and Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1488 – 29 July 1563, Neuhaus), daughter of Duke Henry IV ''the Evil'' of Brunswick and Lunenburg (Wolfenbüttel).

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Francis, Duke of Anjou

Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alençon (Hercule François; 18 March 1555 – 10 June 1584) was the youngest son of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.

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Francisco Foreiro

Francisco Foreiro (Latin: Francis Forrerius or Francis Forerius; 1523 – 15 February 1581) was a Portuguese Dominican theologian and biblist.

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Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg

Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg (26 November 1581, in Sønderborg – 22 July 1658, in Nordborg) was Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg.

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Gaspare Aselli

Gaspare Aselli (or Asellio) (– 9 September 1625) was an Italian physician noted for the discovery of the lacteal vessels of the lymphatic system.

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Grand chancellor (China)

The grand chancellor, also translated as counselor-in-chief, chancellor, chief councillor, chief minister, imperial chancellor, lieutenant chancellor and prime minister, was the highest-ranking executive official in the imperial Chinese government.

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Guillaume Postel

Guillaume Postel (25 March 1510 – 6 September 1581) was a French linguist, astronomer, Cabbalist, diplomat, professor, and religious universalist.

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Guru Arjan

Guru Arjan (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ Guru Arjan) 15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606) was the first of the two Gurus martyred in the Sikh faith and the fifth of the ten total Sikh Gurus. He compiled the first official edition of the Sikh scripture called the Adi Granth, which later expanded into the Guru Granth Sahib. He was born in Goindval, in the Punjab, the youngest son of Bhai Jetha, who later became Guru Ram Das, and Mata Bhani, the daughter of Guru Amar Das. He was the first Guru in Sikhism to be born into a Sikh family. Guru Arjan led Sikhism for a quarter of a century. He completed the construction of Darbar Sahib at Amritsar, after the fourth Sikh Guru founded the town and built a pool. Guru Arjan compiled the hymns of previous Gurus and of other saints into Adi Granth, the first edition of the Sikh scripture, and installed it in the Harimandir Sahib. Guru Arjan reorganized the Masands system initiated by Guru Ram Das, by suggesting that the Sikhs donate, if possible, one tenth of their income, goods or service to the Sikh organization (dasvand). The Masand not only collected these funds but also taught tenets of Sikhism and settled civil disputes in their region. The dasvand financed the building of gurdwaras and langars (shared communal kitchens). Guru Arjan was arrested under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and asked to convert to Islam. He refused, was tortured and executed in 1606 CE. Historical records and the Sikh tradition are unclear whether Guru Arjan was executed by drowning or died during torture. His martyrdom is considered a watershed event in the history of Sikhism. It is remembered as Shaheedi Divas of Guru Arjan in May or June according to the Nanakshahi calendar released by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee in 2003.

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Guru Ram Das

Guru Ram Das (1534–1581) was the fourth of the ten Gurus of Sikhism.

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Hedwig of Denmark

Princess Hedwig of Denmark (5 August 1581 – 26 November 1641) was the youngest daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, and Electress of Saxony from 1602 to 1611 as the wife of Christian II.

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Henry III of France

Henry III (19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589; born Alexandre Édouard de France, Henryk Walezy, Henrikas Valua) was King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and King of France from 1574 until his death.

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Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton

Henry Wriothesley, 2nd Earl of Southampton (pronunciation uncertain: RYE-zlee (archaic), ROTT-slee (present-day) and RYE-əths-lee have been suggested) (24 April 1545 – 4 October 1581), was an English peer.

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Herbert Duifhuis

Herbert Duifhuis (Rotterdam, October 27, 1531 - Utrecht, April 3, 1581) was a Dutch Reformed pastor.

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History of Poland

The history of Poland has its roots in the migrations of Slavs, who established permanent settlements in the Polish lands during the Early Middle Ages.

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History of Russia

The History of Russia begins with that of the East Slavs.

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Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.

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Honoré I, Lord of Monaco

Honoré I or Onorato I (16 December 1522 – 7 October 1581) was Lord of Monaco from 22 August 1523 to 7 October 1581.

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Hubert Languet

Hubert Languet (1518 – 30 September 1581 in Antwerp) was a French diplomat and reformer.

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Iberian Union

The Iberian Union was the dynastic union of the Crown of Portugal and the Spanish Crown between 1580 and 1640, bringing the entire Iberian Peninsula, as well as Spanish and Portuguese overseas possessions, under the Spanish Habsburg kings Philip II, Philip III and Philip IV of Spain.

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Iga Province

was a province of Japan located in what is today part of western Mie Prefecture.

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Isidoro Bianchi

Isidoro Bianchi called da Campione (20 July 1581, Campione d'Italia, Lombardy – 5 December 1662) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period.

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James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton

James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton (c. 1516 – 2 June 1581, aged 65) was the last of the four regents of Scotland during the minority of King James VI.

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James Ussher

James Ussher (or Usher; 4 January 1581 – 21 March 1656) was the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland between 1625 and 1656.

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Jan Kostka

Jan Kostka (ca. 1529–1581) was a Polish noble and a candidate in elections for the new King of Poland in 1572.

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January 22

No description.

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January 30

No description.

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January 4

No description.

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January 6

No description.

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Jean Chalette

Jean Chalette (27 December 1581 (baptised) – 2 October 1643) was a French miniature and portrait painter.

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Jean de la Cassière

Fra' Jean l'Evesque de la Cassière (1502 – 21 December 1581) was the 51st Grand Master of the Order of Malta, from 1572 to 1581.

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Jean du Vergier de Hauranne

Jean du Vergier de Hauranne, the Abbé (Abbot) of Saint-Cyran, (1581 – 6 October 1643) was a French Catholic priest who introduced Jansenism into France.

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Jeremias Drexel

Jeremias Drexel S.J. (also known as Hieremias Drexelius or Drechsel) (August 15, 1581 – 19 April 1638) was a Jesuit writer of devotional literature and a professor of the humanities and rhetoric.

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Johann Marbach

Johann Marbach (14 April 1521 – 17 March 1581) was a German Lutheran reformer and controversialist.

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Johannes Gigas

Johannes Gigas (22 February 1514 — 12 July 1581) was a German Protestant theologian, hymn writer, educator and Reformer.

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Johannes Rudbeckius

Bishop Johannes Rudbeckius or Bishop Johannes Rudbeck (1581–1646), bishop at Västerås, Sweden, from 1619 until his death, and personal chaplain to King Gustavus II Adolphus ("the Great").

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John Dee

John Dee (13 July 1527 – 1608 or 1609) was an English mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, occult philosopher, and advisor to Queen Elizabeth I. He devoted much of his life to the study of alchemy, divination, and Hermetic philosophy.

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John IX of Haugwitz

John IX of Haugwitz (Johann IX., 29 Aug 1524 – 26 March 1595) was Bishop of Meissen from 1555 to 1559 or 1581.

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Joos de Damhouder

Joos de Damhouder (25 November 1507, Bruges – 22 January 1581, Antwerp), also referred to as Joost, Jost, Josse or Jodocus (de) Damhouder, was a jurist from Bruges, in the County of Flanders (then part of the Seventeen Provinces).

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Juan Damián López de Haro

Deivid Damián López Prattes, O.SS.T. (also Damián Lopez de Haro y Villarda)(September 27, 1581 – August 24, 1648) retrieved August 2010 (in Latin) was a member of the House of Haro, a member of the Order of the Most Holy Trinity and served as Bishop of Puerto Rico (1643–1648).

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Juan Ruiz de Alarcón

Juan Ruiz de Alarcón (c. 1581 - 4 August 1639) was a New Spain-born Spanish writer of the Golden Age who cultivated different variants of dramaturgy.

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Julian calendar

The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar in 46 BC (708 AUC), was a reform of the Roman calendar.

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July 11

No description.

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July 12

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July 18

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July 20

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July 22

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July 25

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July 26

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June 2

No description.

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June 21

This day usually marks the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, which is the day of the year with the most hours of daylight in the Northern Hemisphere and the fewest hours of daylight in the Southern Hemisphere.

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June 27

No description.

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Katharina of Hanau, Countess of Wied

Katharina of Hanau (26 March 1525 – 20 August 1581) was the eldest daughter of Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg and Countess Juliana of Stolberg.

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Knight

A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch, bishop or other political leader for service to the monarch or a Christian Church, especially in a military capacity.

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Knights Hospitaller

The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), also known as the Order of Saint John, Order of Hospitallers, Knights Hospitaller, Knights Hospitalier or Hospitallers, was a medieval Catholic military order.

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Latin America

Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Spanish, French and Portuguese are spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America.

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Louis Bertrand (saint)

St.

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Louis Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

Louis Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (27 June 1581 in Rudolstadt – 4 November 1646 in Rudolstadt) was the ruling Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt from 1612 until his death.

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Louise of Lorraine

Louise of Lorraine (French: Louise de Lorraine) (30 April 1553 – 29 January 1601) was a Queen consort of France from 1575 until 1589 by marriage to Henry III of France.

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Louvre Palace

The Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) is a former royal palace located on the Right Bank of the Seine in Paris, between the Tuileries Gardens and the church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois.

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March 16

No description.

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March 17

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March 18

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March 19

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March 25

No description.

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Marguerite of Lorraine

Marguerite of Lorraine (22 July 1615 – 13 April 1672), Duchess of Orléans, was the wife of Gaston, younger brother of Louis XIII of France.

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Maria of Austria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg

Archduchess Maria of Austria (15 May 1531 – 11 December 1581) was the daughter of Emperor Ferdinand I from the House of Habsburg and Anna Jagiello.

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Mathurin Romegas

Mathurin d’Aux de Lescout, called Mathurin Romegas (1525 or 1528 – November 1581 in Rome), was a scion of the aristocratic Gascony family of d'Aux and a member of the Knights of Saint John.

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May 21

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May 22

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May 31

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May 4

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Medium of exchange

A medium of exchange is a tradeable entity used to avoid the inconveniences of a pure barter system.

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Michael Neander

Michael Neander (originally Neumann) (April 3, 1529 – October 23, 1581) was a German teacher, mathematician, medical academic, and astronomer.

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Narva

Narva (Нарва) is the third largest city in Estonia.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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Nicholas Sanders

Nicholas Sanders (also spelled Sander; c. 1530 – 1581) was an English Catholic priest and polemicist.

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November 1

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November 11

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November 18

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November 19

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November 26

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November 4

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November 7

This day marks the approximate midpoint of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and of spring in the Southern Hemisphere (starting the season at the September equinox).

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October 10

No description.

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October 15

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October 21

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October 23

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October 4

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October 7

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October 9

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Oda Nobunaga

was a powerful daimyō (feudal lord) of Japan in the late 16th century who attempted to unify Japan during the late Sengoku period, and successfully gained control over most of Honshu.

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Odet de Turnèbe

Odet de Turnèbe (23 October 1552 – 20 July 1581) was a French dramatist.

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Okabe Motonobu

, also known by his common name Gorobei, was Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period, in the service of the Imagawa clan.

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Parliament of England

The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England, existing from the early 13th century until 1707, when it became the Parliament of Great Britain after the political union of England and Scotland created the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Patron saint

A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy, or particular branches of Islam, is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family or person.

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Peder Skram

Peder Skram (died 11 July 1581) was a Danish senator and naval hero, born between 1491 and 1503, at his father's estate at Urup near Horsens in Jutland.

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Peter Niers

Peter Niers (or Niersch) was a German bandit and reputed serial killer who was executed on 16 September 1581 in Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz, some 40 km distant from Nuremberg.

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Philip II of Spain

Philip II (Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).

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Philip III, Landgrave of Hesse-Butzbach

Landgrave Philip III of Hesse-Butzbach (born 26 December 1581 in Darmstadt; died: 28 April 1643) was Landgrave of Hesse-Butzbach from 1609 to 1643.

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Pier Luigi Carafa

Pier Luigi Carafa (Senior) (18 July 1581, Naples, Italy – 15 February 1655, Rome, during the conclave) was a cardinal of the Catholic Church, and a member of the Roman Curia.

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Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft

Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft (16 March 1581 in Amsterdam – 21 May 1647 in The Hague) - Knight in the Order of Saint Michael - was a Dutch historian, poet and playwright from the period known as the Dutch Golden Age.

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Pontus De la Gardie

Baron Pontus De la Gardie (ca. 1520 – 5 November 1585) was a French nobleman and general in the service of Denmark and Sweden.

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Pope Gregory XIII

Pope Gregory XIII (Gregorius XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585.

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Proleptic Gregorian calendar

The proleptic Gregorian calendar is produced by extending the Gregorian calendar backward to dates preceding its official introduction in 1582.

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Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico (Spanish for "Rich Port"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.

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Ralph Sherwin

Saint Ralph Sherwin (25 October 1550 – 1 December 1581) was an English Roman Catholic priest, executed in 1581.

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Reformation

The Reformation (or, more fully, the Protestant Reformation; also, the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe.

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Richard Cox (bishop)

Richard Cox (c. 1500 – 22 July 1581) was an English clergyman, who was Dean of Westminster and Bishop of Ely.

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Richard Davies (bishop)

Richard Davies (c. 15057 November 1581) was a Welsh bishop and scholar.

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Robert More

Sir Robert More (21 May 1581 – February 1626) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1601.

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Roman numerals

The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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September

September is the ninth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the third of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the fourth of five months to have a length of less than 31 days.

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September 1

No description.

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September 16

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September 21

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September 27

No description.

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September 28

No description.

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September 29

No description.

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September 30

No description.

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Siege of Pskov

The Siege of Pskov, known as the Pskov Defense in Russia (оборона Пскова), took place between August 1581 and February 1582, when the army of the Polish king and Grand Duke of Lithuania Stephen Báthory laid an unsuccessful siege and successful blockade of the city of Pskov during the final stage of the Livonian War of 1558–1583.

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Sikh

A Sikh (ਸਿੱਖ) is a person associated with Sikhism, a monotheistic religion that originated in the 15th century based on the revelation of Guru Nanak.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.

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Simon Archer (antiquary)

Sir Simon Archer (21 September 1581 – before 4 June 1662) was an English antiquary and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1640.

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Sisto Badalocchio

Sisto Badalocchio Rosa (28 June 1585 – c. 1647) was an Italian painter and engraver of the Bolognese School.

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Society of Jesus

The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.

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Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.

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Stephen Báthory

Stephen Báthory (Báthory István; Stefan Batory; Steponas Batoras; 27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was Voivode of Transylvania (1571–76), Prince of Transylvania (1576–86), from 1576 Queen Anna Jagiellon's husband and jure uxoris King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576-1586).

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Thomas Overbury

Sir Thomas Overbury (baptized 1581 – 14 September 1613) was an English poet and essayist, also known for being the victim of a murder which led to a scandalous trial.

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Thuringia

The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen) is a federal state in central Germany.

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Trier witch trials

The Witch Trials of Trier in Germany in the years from 1581 to 1593 were perhaps the biggest witch trials in European history.

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Tsardom of Russia

The Tsardom of Russia (Русское царство, Russkoye tsarstvo or Российское царство, Rossiyskoye tsarstvo), also known as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the name of the centralized Russian state from assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.

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Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich of Russia

Ivan Ivanovich (Ива́н Иванович) (28 March 1554 – 19 November 1581) of the House of Rurik, was a Tsarevich (heir apparent) of Russia.

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Union of Utrecht

The Union of Utrecht (Unie van Utrecht) was a treaty signed on 23 January 1579 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, unifying the northern provinces of the Netherlands, until then under the control of Habsburg Spain.

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Vincent de Paul

Vincent de Paul (24 April 1581 – 27 September 1660) was a French Roman Catholic priest who dedicated himself to serving the poor.

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Walter Davison

Walter Davison (17 December 1581, London – 1608?) was an English poet.

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William Hockmore

William Hockmore (1 November 1581 – 10 October 1626) was an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1621 and 1624.

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Yermak Timofeyevich

Yermak Timofeyevich (p; born between 1532 and 1542 – August 5 or 6, 1585) was a Cossack ataman who started the Russian conquest of Siberia, in the reign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible.

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Zhang Juzheng

Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), courtesy name Shuda, pseudonym Taiyue, was a Chinese reformer and statesman who served as Grand Secretary in the late Ming dynasty during the reigns of the Longqing and Wanli emperors.

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1492

Year 1492 (MCDXCII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1500

Year 1500 (MD) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1502

Year 1502 ('''MDII''') was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1504

Year 1504 (MDIV) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1505

Year 1505 ('''MDV''') was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1507

Year 1507 (MDVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1510

Year 1510 (MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1514

Year 1514 (MDXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1516

Year 1516 (MDXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1518

Year 1518 (MDXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1521

Year 1521 (MDXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1522

Year 1522 (MDXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1523

Year 1523 (MDXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1524

Year 1524 (MDXXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1525

Year 1525 (MDXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1526

Year 1526 (MDXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1529

Year 1529 (MDXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1530

Year 1530 (MDXXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1531

Year 1531 (MDXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1534

Year 1534 (MDXXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1540

Year 1540 (MDXL) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1545

Year 1545 (MDXLV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1549

Year 1549 (MDXLIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1550

Year 1550 (MDL) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1552

Year 1552 (MDLII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1556

Year 1556 (MDLVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1597

No description.

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1600

No description.

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1613

No description.

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1626

No description.

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1630

No description.

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1631

No description.

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1637

No description.

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1638

No description.

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1639

No description.

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1641

1641 is the generally accepted year of the birth of the modern timepiece.

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1643

No description.

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1644

It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+(-1(I)+5(V)).

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1645

No description.

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1646

It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+5(V)+1(I).

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1647

No description.

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1648

It is the year of the Peace of Westphalia.

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1653

No description.

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1654

No description.

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1655

No description.

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1656

No description.

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1658

No description.

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1660

No description.

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1662

No description.

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Redirects here:

1581 (year), 1581 AD, 1581 CE, AD 1581, Births in 1581, Deaths in 1581, Events in 1581, Year 1581.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1581

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