Communication

306 relations: Abdominal pain, Acetate, Acetazolamide, Acetic acid, Acetic anhydride, Acetonitrile, Acetyl chloride, Acetyl group, Acid, Acid dissociation constant, Acid strength, Activated carbon, Adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor, Adherence (medicine), Adverse effect, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Albumin, Alcohol (drug), Alcoholic drink, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Alka-Seltzer, Alkali metal, Allergy, Alzheimer's disease, American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association of Poison Control Centers, American Family Physician, American Journal of Cardiology, Ammonium acetate, Ammonium chloride, AMP-activated protein kinase, Analgesic, Angewandte Chemie, Angioedema, Annals of Internal Medicine, Annals of Oncology, Annals of Pharmacotherapy, Anti-diabetic medication, Anti-inflammatory, Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet drug, Antipyretic, Arachidonic acid, Aspirin, Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine, Asthma, Bayer, Bengt I. Samuelsson, Beta oxidation, ..., Binswanger's disease, Biochemical Pharmacology (journal), Bismuth subsalicylate, Bloating, Blood plasma, Breast cancer, British National Formulary, British National Formulary for Children, British Pharmacopoeia, Bronchospasm, By-product, Caffeine, Calcium carbonate, Cancer, Cancer Prevention Research, Carbonate, Carbonyl group, Carboxylic acid, Catalysis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Charles Frédéric Gerhardt, Chickenpox, Chlorpropamide, Circulation (journal), Citric acid, Classical antiquity, Clinical research ethics, Clinical Therapeutics, Clinical Toxicology, Clopidogrel, Cluster headache, Cochrane Library, Colorectal cancer, Combination drug, Compound analgesic, Confidence interval, Conjugated system, Coronary arteries, Coronary artery disease, COX-2 inhibitor, Cramp, Crystal structure, Current Opinion (Elsevier), Current Opinion (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), Current Opinion in Neurology, Current Pharmaceutical Design, Cyclooxygenase, CYP2C19, CYP3A, Dengue fever, Developing country, Diabetes mellitus, Dialysis, Diarrhea, Diclofenac, Dimer (chemistry), Drug interaction, Drug intolerance, Dust explosion, Ebers Papyrus, Effervescence, Emergency Medicine Journal, Encephalopathy, Endometrial cancer, Enteric coating, Ester, European Journal of Pharmacology, Fatty liver, Fever, Food and Drug Administration, Gastric distension, Gastritis, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Generic drug, Generic trademark, Gentisic acid, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, Glucuronic acid, Glucuronide, Glycine, Gout, Grain (unit), Gristmill, Guidelines for human subject research, Gynecologic Oncology (journal), Haemophilia, Health system, Health technology assessment, Hemolytic anemia, Hives, Hormone, Hydrogen bond, Hydrolysis, Hydroxide, Hydroxy group, Hyperkalemia, Hyperuricemia, Hypoaldosteronism, Hypothalamus, Ibuprofen, Infection, Inflammation, Integrative Cancer Therapies, International Classification of Headache Disorders, International Journal of Oncology, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Intramuscular injection, Intravenous therapy, JAMA (journal), JAMA Internal Medicine, JAMA Neurology, John Vane, Journal of Asthma, Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal of Immunology, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Karger Publishers, Kawasaki disease, Kelvin, Kidney, Kidney disease, Laminitis, Levetiracetam, Lipoxin, Lipoxygenase, Liver, Magnesium oxide, Magnetic resonance imaging, Maresin, Medication, Medscape, Melting point, Metabolic pathway, Metabolism, Methotrexate, Methyl group, Methyl salicylate, Middle Ages, Migraine, Mortality rate, Myocardial infarction, Naproxen, National Health Service, National Heart Foundation of Australia, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Nature (journal), Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Neuropathic pain, New Scientist, NF-κB, NMDA receptor, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Osteoarthritis, Oxidative phosphorylation, Pain, Pain (journal), Paracetamol, Pediatrics (journal), Penicillin, Peptic ulcer disease, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Perforated ulcer, Pericarditis, Permissible exposure limit, PH, Pharmacology, Phenytoin, Phlebology (journal), Phosphoric acid, Physiological Reviews, Platelet, Polymorphism (materials science), Polypill, Polyunsaturated fat, Prasugrel, Pre-eclampsia, Precursor (chemistry), Pregnancy, Probenecid, Prostacyclin, Prostaglandin, Prostate cancer, Recommended exposure limit, Relative risk, Resolvin, Respiratory tract infection, Reye syndrome, Rheumatic fever, Rheumatoid arthritis, Rofecoxib, Royal College of Surgeons of England, Royal Pharmaceutical Society, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, Salicylate poisoning, Salicylate sensitivity, Salicylic acid, Salicyluric acid, Science (journal), Science History Institute, Serine, Sigma-Aldrich, Small intestine, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium salicylate, Specialized pro-resolving mediators, Spironolactone, Stent, Stomach, Stroke, Stroke (journal), Suicide inhibition, Sulfuric acid, Sumatriptan, Sumer, Sune Bergström, Surgeon General of the United States, Tablet (pharmacy), Tension headache, The American Journal of Medicine, The BMJ, The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, The Journal of Neuroscience, The Journal of Pediatrics, The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, The Scientific World Journal, Thrombophilia, Thrombosis, Thrombosis Research, Thromboxane, Thromboxane A2, Thrombus, Ticagrelor, Tinnitus, Tolbutamide, Topical medication, Trademark, Transcription factor, United States Department of Health and Human Services, United States dollar, United States Pharmacopeia, United States Preventive Services Task Force, Uric acid, Urine, Valproate, Veterinary physician, Vinegar, Warfarin, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, Wholesaling, Willow, 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. Expand index (256 more) » « Shrink index

Abdominal pain

Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues.

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Acetate

An acetate is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy, metallic or nonmetallic and other base.

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Acetazolamide

Acetazolamide, sold under the trade name Diamox among others, is a medication used to treat glaucoma, epilepsy, altitude sickness, periodic paralysis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and heart failure.

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Acetic acid

Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is a colourless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H or C2H4O2).

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Acetic anhydride

Acetic anhydride, or ethanoic anhydride, is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3CO)2O.

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Acetonitrile

Acetonitrile is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Acetyl chloride

Acetyl chloride, CH3COCl is an acid chloride derived from acetic acid.

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Acetyl group

In organic chemistry, acetyl is a moiety, the acyl with chemical formula CH3CO.

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Acid

An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).

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Acid dissociation constant

An acid dissociation constant, Ka, (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant) is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution.

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Acid strength

The strength of an acid refers to its ability or tendency to lose a proton (H+).

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Activated carbon

Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions.

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Adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors are a drug class of antiplatelet agents, used in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or in preventive treatment for patients who are in risk of thromboembolism, myocardial infarction or a stroke.

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Adherence (medicine)

In medicine, compliance (also adherence, capacitance) describes the degree to which a patient correctly follows medical advice.

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Adverse effect

In medicine, an adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery.

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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), located in Rockville, MD, a suburb of Washington, D.C., is one of 12 Agencies within the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

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Albumin

The albumins (formed from Latin: albumen "(egg) white; dried egg white") are a family of globular proteins, the most common of which are the serum albumins.

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Alcohol (drug)

Alcohol, also known by its chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive substance or drug that is the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor).

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Alcoholic drink

An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.

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Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal concerned with the effects of drugs on the human gastrointestinal and hepato-biliary systems, particularly with relevance to clinical practice.

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Alka-Seltzer

Alka-Seltzer is an effervescent antacid and pain reliever first marketed by the Dr. Miles Medicine Company of Elkhart, Indiana, United States.

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Alkali metal

The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, natrium and kalium; these are still the names for the elements in some languages, such as German and Russian.

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Allergy

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.

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Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.

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American Academy of Family Physicians

The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) was founded in 1947 to promote the science and art of family medicine.

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American Academy of Pediatrics

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an American professional association of pediatricians, headquartered in Itasca, Illinois.

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American Association of Poison Control Centers

The American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) is a national voluntary health organization founded in 1958 that represents the nation’s 55 poison centers.

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American Family Physician

American Family Physician is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Academy of Family Physicians.

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American Journal of Cardiology

The American Journal of Cardiology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of cardiology and general cardiovascular disease.

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Ammonium acetate

Ammonium acetate, also known as spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH4CH3CO2.

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Ammonium chloride

Ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl and a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water.

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AMP-activated protein kinase

5' AMP-activated protein kinase or AMPK or 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.11.31) that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis.

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Analgesic

An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain.

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Angewandte Chemie

Angewandte Chemie (meaning "Applied Chemistry") is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of the German Chemical Society (Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker).

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Angioedema

Angioedema is an area of swelling of the lower layer of skin and tissue just under the skin or mucous membranes.

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Annals of Internal Medicine

Annals of Internal Medicine is an academic medical journal published by the American College of Physicians (ACP).

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Annals of Oncology

The Annals of Oncology is a peer-reviewed medical journal of oncology, published by Oxford University Press.

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Annals of Pharmacotherapy

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of pharmacotherapy.

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Anti-diabetic medication

Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by lowering glucose levels in the blood.

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Anti-inflammatory

Anti-inflammatory, or antiinflammatory, refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling.

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Anticoagulant

Anticoagulants, commonly referred to as blood thinners, are chemical substances that prevent or reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time.

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Antiplatelet drug

An antiplatelet drug (antiaggregant) is a member of a class of pharmaceuticals that decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation.

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Antipyretic

Antipyretics (from anti- 'against' and 'feverish') are substances that reduce fever.

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Arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6).

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Aspirin

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.

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Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine

Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine is a combination drug for the treatment of pain, especially tension headache and migraine.

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Asthma

Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.

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Bayer

Bayer AG is a German multinational, pharmaceutical and life sciences company.

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Bengt I. Samuelsson

Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson (born 21 May 1934) is a Swedish biochemist.

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Beta oxidation

In biochemistry and metabolism, beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH2, which are co-enzymes used in the electron transport chain.

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Binswanger's disease

Binswanger's disease, also known as subcortical leukoencephalopathy, is a form of small vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter.

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Biochemical Pharmacology (journal)

Biochemical Pharmacology is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier.

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Bismuth subsalicylate

Bismuth subsalicylate, sold under the brand name Pepto-Bismol, is an antacid medication used to treat temporary discomforts of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, such as diarrhea, indigestion, heartburn and nausea.

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Bloating

Abdominal bloating is a symptom that can appear at any age, generally associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders or organic diseases, but can also appear alone.

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Blood plasma

Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells.

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Breast cancer

Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.

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British National Formulary

The British National Formulary (BNF) is a United Kingdom (UK) pharmaceutical reference book that contains a wide spectrum of information and advice on prescribing and pharmacology, along with specific facts and details about many medicines available on the UK National Health Service (NHS).

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British National Formulary for Children

The British National Formulary for Children (BNFC) is the standard UK paediatric reference for prescribing and pharmacology, among others indications, side effects and costs of the prescription of all medication drugs available on the National Health Service.

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British Pharmacopoeia

The British Pharmacopoeia (BP) is the national pharmacopoeia of the United Kingdom.

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Bronchospasm

Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles.

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By-product

A by-product is a secondary product derived from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction.

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Caffeine

Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class.

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Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3.

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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Cancer Prevention Research

Cancer Prevention Research is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical journal covering oncology.

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Carbonate

In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid (H2CO3), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula of.

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Carbonyl group

In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C.

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Carboxylic acid

A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(.

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Catalysis

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.

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Charles Frédéric Gerhardt

Charles Frédéric Gerhardt (21 August 1816 – 19 August 1856) was a French chemist.

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Chickenpox

Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV).

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Chlorpropamide

Chlorpropamide is a drug in the sulfonylurea class used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2.

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Circulation (journal)

Circulation is a scientific journal published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins for the American Heart Association.

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Citric acid

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that has the chemical formula.

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Classical antiquity

Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th or 6th century AD centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world.

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Clinical research ethics

Clinical research ethics are the set of relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical trial in the field of clinical research.

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Clinical Therapeutics

Clinical Therapeutics is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that was established in 1977 and is published by Elsevier.

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Clinical Toxicology

Clinical Toxicology (until 2005, Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology) is a peer-reviewed medical journal of clinical toxicology.

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Clopidogrel

Clopidogrel, sold as the brandname Plavix among others, is an antiplatelet medication that is used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk.

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Cluster headache

Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye.

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Cochrane Library

The Cochrane Library (named after Archie Cochrane) is a collection of databases in medicine and other healthcare specialties provided by Cochrane and other organizations.

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Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).

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Combination drug

A combination drug is a fixed-dose combination (FDC) that includes two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) combined in a single dosage form, which is manufactured and distributed in fixed doses.

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Compound analgesic

Compound analgesics are those with multiple active ingredients; they include many of the stronger prescription analgesics.

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Confidence interval

In statistics, a confidence interval (CI) is a type of interval estimate, computed from the statistics of the observed data, that might contain the true value of an unknown population parameter.

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Conjugated system

In chemistry, a conjugated system is a system of connected p-orbitals with delocalized electrons in molecules which are conventionally represented as having alternating single and multiple bonds, which in general may lower the overall energy of the molecule and increase stability.

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Coronary arteries

The coronary arteries are the arteries of the coronary circulation that transport blood into and out of the cardiac muscle.

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Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.

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COX-2 inhibitor

Selective COX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain.

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Cramp

A cramp is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction or over-shortening; while generally temporary and non-damaging, they can cause significant pain, and a paralysis-like immobility of the affected muscle.

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Crystal structure

In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a crystalline material.

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Current Opinion (Elsevier)

Current Opinion is a collection of review journals on various disciplines of the life sciences published by Elsevier.

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Current Opinion (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)

Current Opinion is a series of medical journals published by Wolters Kluwer imprint Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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Current Opinion in Neurology

Current Opinion in Neurology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering neurology.

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Current Pharmaceutical Design

Current Pharmaceutical Design is a peer-reviewed medical journal which covers issues related to pharmacology and medicinal chemistry.

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Cyclooxygenase

Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme (specifically, a family of isozymes) that is responsible for formation of prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin, from arachidonic acid.

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CYP2C19

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme.

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CYP3A

Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, also known as CYP3A, is a human gene.

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Dengue fever

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.

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Developing country

A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

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Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.

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Dialysis

In medicine, dialysis (from Greek διάλυσις, diàlysis, "dissolution"; from διά, dià, "through", and λύσις, lỳsis, "loosening or splitting") is the process of removing excess water, solutes and toxins from the blood in those whose native kidneys have lost the ability to perform these functions in a natural way.

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Diarrhea

Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.

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Diclofenac

Diclofenac (sold under a number of trade names) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) taken or applied to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.

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Dimer (chemistry)

A dimer (di-, "two" + -mer, "parts") is an oligomer consisting of two monomers joined by bonds that can be either strong or weak, covalent or intermolecular.

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Drug interaction

A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together.

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Drug intolerance

Drug intolerance or drug sensitivity refers to an inability to tolerate the adverse effects of a medication, generally at therapeutic or subtherapeutic doses.

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Dust explosion

A dust explosion is the rapid combustion of fine particles suspended in the air, often but not always in an enclosed location.

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Ebers Papyrus

The Ebers Papyrus, also known as Papyrus Ebers, is an Egyptian medical papyrus of herbal knowledge dating to circa 1550 BC.

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Effervescence

Effervescence is the escape of gas from an aqueous solution and the foaming or fizzing that results from that release.

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Emergency Medicine Journal

The Emergency Medicine Journal is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that is jointly owned by the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) and the BMJ Group.

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Encephalopathy

Encephalopathy (from ἐγκέφαλος "brain" + πάθος "suffering") means any disorder or disease of the brain, especially chronic degenerative conditions.

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Endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer is a cancer that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb).

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Enteric coating

An enteric coating is a polymer barrier applied on oral medication that prevents its dissolution or disintegration in the gastric environment.

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Ester

In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.

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European Journal of Pharmacology

The European Journal of Pharmacology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of pharmacology.

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Fatty liver

Fatty liver is a reversible condition wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells via the process of steatosis (i.e., abnormal retention of lipids within a cell).

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Fever

Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set-point.

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Food and Drug Administration

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.

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Gastric distension

Gastric distension is bloating of the stomach when air is pumped into it.

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Gastritis

Gastritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach.

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Gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also known as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum.

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Generic drug

A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that is equivalent to a brand-name product in dosage, strength, route of administration, quality, performance, and intended use, but does not carry the brand name.

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Generic trademark

A generic trademark, also known as a genericized trademark or proprietary eponym, is a trademark or brand name that, due to its popularity or significance, has become the generic name for, or synonymous with, a general class of product or service, usually against the intentions of the trademark's holder.

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Gentisic acid

Gentisic acid is a dihydroxybenzoic acid.

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) is an inborn error of metabolism that predisposes to red blood cell breakdown.

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Glucuronic acid

Glucuronic acid (from Greek γλυκύς "sweet" and οὖρον "urine") is a uronic acid that was first isolated from urine (hence the name).

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Glucuronide

A glucuronide, also known as glucuronoside, is any substance produced by linking glucuronic acid to another substance via a glycosidic bond.

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Glycine

Glycine (symbol Gly or G) is the amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain.

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Gout

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint.

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Grain (unit)

A grain is a unit of measurement of mass, and in the troy weight, avoirdupois, and Apothecaries' system, equal to exactly.

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Gristmill

A gristmill (also: grist mill, corn mill or flour mill) grinds cereal grain into flour and middlings.

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Guidelines for human subject research

Various organizations have created guidelines for human subject research for various kinds of research involving human subject research and for various situations.

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Gynecologic Oncology (journal)

Gynecologic Oncology is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of gynecologic oncology.

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Haemophilia

Haemophilia, also spelled hemophilia, is a mostly inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding.

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Health system

A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or as healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.

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Health technology assessment

Health technology assessment is the systematic evaluation of the properties and effects of a health technology, addressing the direct and intended effects of this technology, as well as its indirect and unintended consequences, and aimed mainly at informing decision making regarding health technologies.

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Hemolytic anemia

Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular, but usually in the spleen).

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Hives

Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps.

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Hormone

A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.

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Hydrogen bond

A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen (H) which is bound to a more electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F), and another adjacent atom bearing a lone pair of electrons.

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Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is a term used for both an electro-chemical process and a biological one.

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Hydroxide

Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−.

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Hydroxy group

A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH.

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Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia, also spelled hyperkalaemia, is an elevated level of potassium (K+) in the blood serum.

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Hyperuricemia

Hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood.

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Hypoaldosteronism

Hypoaldosteronism is an endocrinological disorder characterized decreased levels of the hormone aldosterone.

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Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus(from Greek ὑπό, "under" and θάλαμος, thalamus) is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.

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Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is a medication in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class that is used for treating pain, fever, and inflammation.

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Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.

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Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.

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Integrative Cancer Therapies

Integrative Cancer Therapies is a peer-reviewed medical journal focusing on complementary and alternative and integrative medicine in the care for and treatment of patients with cancer.

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International Classification of Headache Disorders

The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is a detailed hierarchical classification of all headache-related disorders published by the International Headache Society.

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International Journal of Oncology

The International Journal of Oncology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal of oncology, published by Spandidos Publications.

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Intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as cerebral bleed, is a type of intracranial bleed that occurs within the brain tissue or ventricles.

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Intramuscular injection

Intramuscular (also IM or im) injection is the injection of a substance directly into muscle.

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Intravenous therapy

Intravenous therapy (IV) is a therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven- + -ous).

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JAMA (journal)

JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association.

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JAMA Internal Medicine

JAMA Internal Medicine is a peer-reviewed medical journal published monthly by the American Medical Association.

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JAMA Neurology

JAMA Neurology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Medical Association.

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John Vane

Sir John Robert Vane FRS (29 March 1927 – 19 November 2004) was an English pharmacologist who was instrumental in the understanding of how aspirin produces pain-relief and anti-inflammatory effects and his work led to new treatments for heart and blood vessel disease and introduction of ACE inhibitors.

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Journal of Asthma

The Journal of Asthma is a peer-reviewed medical journal that covers asthma and related conditions.

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Journal of Experimental Medicine

Journal of Experimental Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Rockefeller University Press that publishes research papers and commentaries on the physiological, pathological, and molecular mechanisms that encompass the host response to disease.

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Journal of Immunology

The Journal of Immunology is a twice monthly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes basic and clinical studies in all aspects of immunology.

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier on behalf of the American Pharmacists Association, with the support of the International Pharmaceutical Federation.

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Journal of the American Chemical Society

The Journal of the American Chemical Society (also known as JACS) is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American Chemical Society.

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Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis

The Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (JTH) (print:, online) is the official medical journal published by Wiley-Blackwell for the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

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Karger Publishers

Karger Publishers (also: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, S. Karger AG) is an academic publisher of scientific and medical journals and books.

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Kawasaki disease

Kawasaki disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is a disease in which blood vessels throughout the body become inflamed.

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Kelvin

The Kelvin scale is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases in the classical description of thermodynamics.

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Kidney

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.

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Kidney disease

Kidney disease, or renal disease, also known as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney.

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Laminitis

Laminitis is a disease that affects the feet of ungulates, and is found mostly in horses and cattle.

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Levetiracetam

Levetiracetam, marketed under the trade names Keppra among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy.

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Lipoxin

Lipoxins (LXs or Lxs), an acronym for lipoxygenase interaction products, are bioactive autacoid metabolites of arachidonic acid made by various cell types.

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Lipoxygenase

Lipoxygenases are a family of (non-heme), iron-containing enzymes most of which catalyze the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4- pentadiene into cell signaling agents that serve diverse roles as autocrine signals that regulate the function of their parent cells, paracrine signals that regulate the function of nearby cells, and endocrine signals that regulate the function of distant cells.

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Liver

The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.

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Magnesium oxide

Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide).

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Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease.

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Maresin

Maresin 1 (MaR1 or 7R,14S-dihydroxy-4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid) is a macrophage-derived mediator of inflammation resolution coined from macrophage mediator in resolving inflammation.

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Medication

A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.

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Medscape

Medscape is a website providing access to medical information for clinicians; the organization also provides continuing education for physicians and health professionals.

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Melting point

The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure.

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Metabolic pathway

In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.

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Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.

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Methotrexate

Methotrexate (MTX), formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant.

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Methyl group

A methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms — CH3.

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Methyl salicylate

Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen or wintergreen oil) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(OH)(CO2CH3).

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Migraine

A migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.

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Mortality rate

Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.

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Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.

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Naproxen

Naproxen (brand names: Aleve, Naprosyn, and many others) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the propionic acid class (the same class as ibuprofen) that relieves pain, fever, swelling, and stiffness.

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National Health Service

The National Health Service (NHS) is the name used for each of the public health services in the United Kingdom – the National Health Service in England, NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland – as well as a term to describe them collectively.

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National Heart Foundation of Australia

The National Heart Foundation of Australia (known as the Heart Foundation) is a charity established in 1959.

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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology is a peer-reviewed journal for oncologists.

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Neuropathic pain

Neuropathic pain is pain caused by damage or disease affecting the somatosensory nervous system.

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New Scientist

New Scientist, first published on 22 November 1956, is a weekly, English-language magazine that covers all aspects of science and technology.

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NF-κB

NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival.

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NMDA receptor

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells.

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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drug class that reduce pain, decrease fever, prevent blood clots and, in higher doses, decrease inflammation.

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Occupational Safety and Health Administration

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor.

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Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.

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Oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) (UK, US) is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing energy which is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Pain

Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.

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Pain (journal)

Pain is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Pain.

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Paracetamol

--> Acetanilide was the first aniline derivative serendipitously found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the name of Antifebrin by A. Cahn and P. Hepp in 1886. But its unacceptable toxic effects, the most alarming being cyanosis due to methemoglobinemia, prompted the search for less toxic aniline derivatives. Harmon Northrop Morse had already synthesised paracetamol at Johns Hopkins University via the reduction of ''p''-nitrophenol with tin in glacial acetic acid in 1877, but it was not until 1887 that clinical pharmacologist Joseph von Mering tried paracetamol on humans. In 1893, von Mering published a paper reporting on the clinical results of paracetamol with phenacetin, another aniline derivative. Von Mering claimed that, unlike phenacetin, paracetamol had a slight tendency to produce methemoglobinemia. Paracetamol was then quickly discarded in favor of phenacetin. The sales of phenacetin established Bayer as a leading pharmaceutical company. Overshadowed in part by aspirin, introduced into medicine by Heinrich Dreser in 1899, phenacetin was popular for many decades, particularly in widely advertised over-the-counter "headache mixtures", usually containing phenacetin, an aminopyrine derivative of aspirin, caffeine, and sometimes a barbiturate. Paracetamol is the active metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide, both once popular as analgesics and antipyretics in their own right. However, unlike phenacetin, acetanilide and their combinations, paracetamol is not considered carcinogenic at therapeutic doses. Von Mering's claims remained essentially unchallenged for half a century, until two teams of researchers from the United States analyzed the metabolism of acetanilide and paracetamol. In 1947 David Lester and Leon Greenberg found strong evidence that paracetamol was a major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and in a subsequent study they reported that large doses of paracetamol given to albino rats did not cause methemoglobinemia. In three papers published in the September 1948 issue of the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bernard Brodie, Julius Axelrod and Frederick Flinn confirmed using more specific methods that paracetamol was the major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and established that it was just as efficacious an analgesic as its precursor. They also suggested that methemoglobinemia is produced in humans mainly by another metabolite, phenylhydroxylamine. A follow-up paper by Brodie and Axelrod in 1949 established that phenacetin was also metabolised to paracetamol. This led to a "rediscovery" of paracetamol. It has been suggested that contamination of paracetamol with 4-aminophenol, the substance von Mering synthesised it from, may be the cause for his spurious findings. Paracetamol was first marketed in the United States in 1950 under the name Triagesic, a combination of paracetamol, aspirin, and caffeine. Reports in 1951 of three users stricken with the blood disease agranulocytosis led to its removal from the marketplace, and it took several years until it became clear that the disease was unconnected. Paracetamol was marketed in 1953 by Sterling-Winthrop Co. as Panadol, available only by prescription, and promoted as preferable to aspirin since it was safe for children and people with ulcers. In 1955, paracetamol was marketed as Children's Tylenol Elixir by McNeil Laboratories. In 1956, 500 mg tablets of paracetamol went on sale in the United Kingdom under the trade name Panadol, produced by Frederick Stearns & Co, a subsidiary of Sterling Drug Inc. In 1963, paracetamol was added to the British Pharmacopoeia, and has gained popularity since then as an analgesic agent with few side-effects and little interaction with other pharmaceutical agents. Concerns about paracetamol's safety delayed its widespread acceptance until the 1970s, but in the 1980s paracetamol sales exceeded those of aspirin in many countries, including the United Kingdom. This was accompanied by the commercial demise of phenacetin, blamed as the cause of analgesic nephropathy and hematological toxicity. In 1988 Sterling Winthrop was acquired by Eastman Kodak which sold the over the counter drug rights to SmithKline Beecham in 1994. Available without a prescription since 1959, it has since become a common household drug. Patents on paracetamol have long expired, and generic versions of the drug are widely available.

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Pediatrics (journal)

Pediatrics is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

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Penicillin

Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G (intravenous use), penicillin V (use by mouth), procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin (intramuscular use).

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Peptic ulcer disease

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the lining of the stomach, first part of the small intestine or occasionally the lower esophagus.

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Percutaneous coronary intervention

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a non-surgical procedure used to treat narrowing (stenosis) of the coronary arteries of the heart found in coronary artery disease.

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Perforated ulcer

A perforated ulcer is a condition in which an untreated ulcer can burn through the wall of the stomach (or other areas of the gastrointestinal tract), allowing digestive juices and food to leak into the abdominal cavity.

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Pericarditis

Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart).

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Permissible exposure limit

The permissible exposure limit (PEL or OSHA PEL) is a legal limit in the United States for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent such as loud noise.

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PH

In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

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Pharmacology

Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species).

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Phenytoin

Phenytoin (PHT), sold under the brand name Dilantin among others, is an anti-seizure medication.

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Phlebology (journal)

Phlebology, The Journal of Venous Disease, is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on vascular disease.

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Phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid (also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a mineral (inorganic) and weak acid having the chemical formula H3PO4.

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Physiological Reviews

Physiological Reviews is a journal published quarterly by the American Physiological Society.

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Platelet

Platelets, also called thrombocytes (from Greek θρόμβος, "clot" and κύτος, "cell"), are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.

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Polymorphism (materials science)

In materials science, polymorphism is the ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure.

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Polypill

A polypill is a medication that is a drug product in pill form (i.e., tablet or capsule) that combines multiple active pharmaceutical ingredients.

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Polyunsaturated fat

Polyunsaturated fats are fats in which the constituent hydrocarbon chain possesses two or more carbon–carbon double bonds.

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Prasugrel

Prasugrel (trade name Effient in the US and India, and Efient in the EU) is a drug used to prevent formation of blood clots.

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Pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine.

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Precursor (chemistry)

In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.

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Pregnancy

Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.

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Probenecid

Probenecid, also sold under the brandname Probalan, is a medication that increases uric acid excretion in the urine.

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Prostacyclin

Prostacyclin (also called prostaglandin I2 or PGI2) is a prostaglandin member of the eicosanoid family of lipid molecules.

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Prostaglandin

The prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals.

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Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system.

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Recommended exposure limit

A recommended exposure limit (REL) is an occupational exposure limit that has been recommended by the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for adoption as a permissible exposure limit.

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Relative risk

In statistics and epidemiology, relative risk or risk ratio (RR) is the ratio of the probability of an event occurring (for example, developing a disease, being injured) in an exposed group to the probability of the event occurring in a comparison, non-exposed group.

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Resolvin

Resolvins are metabolic byproducts of omega-3 fatty acids, primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as well as docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and clupanodonic acid.

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Respiratory tract infection

Respiratory tract infection (RTI) refers to any of a number of infectious diseases involving the respiratory tract.

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Reye syndrome

Reye syndrome is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy.

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Rheumatic fever

Rheumatic fever (RF) is an inflammatory disease that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain.

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Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.

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Rofecoxib

Rofecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has now been withdrawn over safety concerns.

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Royal College of Surgeons of England

The Royal College of Surgeons of England (abbreviated RCS and sometimes RCSEng), is an independent professional body and registered charity promoting and advancing standards of surgical care for patients, regulating surgery, including dentistry, in England and Wales.

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Royal Pharmaceutical Society

The Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPharmS or RPS) is the body responsible for the leadership and support of the pharmacy profession within England, Scotland and Wales.

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Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (RPSGB) existed from its founding as the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain in 1841 until 2010.

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Salicylate poisoning

Salicylate poisoning, also known as aspirin poisoning, is the acute or chronic poisoning with a salicylate such as aspirin.

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Salicylate sensitivity

Salicylate sensitivity, also known as salicylate intolerance, is any adverse effect that occurs when a usual amount of salicylate is ingested.

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Salicylic acid

Salicylic acid (from Latin salix, willow tree) is a lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, and a beta hydroxy acid (BHA).

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Salicyluric acid

Salicyluric acid is the glycine conjugate of salicylic acid and is the primary form in which salicylates are excreted from the body, via the kidneys.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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Science History Institute

The Science History Institute is an institution that preserves and promotes understanding of the history of science.

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Serine

Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an ɑ-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.

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Sigma-Aldrich

Sigma-Aldrich Corporation is an American chemical, life science and biotechnology company owned by Merck KGaA.

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Small intestine

The small intestine or small bowel is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine, and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place.

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Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3.

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Sodium salicylate

Sodium salicylate is a sodium salt of salicylic acid.

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Specialized pro-resolving mediators

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM, also termed specialized proresolving mediators) are a large and growing class of cell signaling molecules formed in cells by the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by one or a combination of lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes.

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Spironolactone

Spironolactone, sold under the brand name Aldactone among others, is a medication that is primarily used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.

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Stent

In medicine, a stent is a metal or plastic tube inserted into the lumen of an anatomic vessel or duct to keep the passageway open, and stenting is the placement of a stent.

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Stomach

The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, stomachos, stoma means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates.

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Stroke

A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.

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Stroke (journal)

Stroke is a peer-reviewed medical journal published monthly by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on behalf of the American Heart Association.

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Suicide inhibition

In biochemistry, suicide inhibition, also known as suicide inactivation or mechanism-based inhibition, is an irreversible form of enzyme inhibition that occurs when an enzyme binds a substrate analogue and forms an irreversible complex with it through a covalent bond during the normal catalysis reaction.

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Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.

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Sumatriptan

Sumatriptan is a medication used for the treatment of migraine and cluster headaches.

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Sumer

SumerThe name is from Akkadian Šumeru; Sumerian en-ĝir15, approximately "land of the civilized kings" or "native land".

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Sune Bergström

Karl Sune Detlof Bergström (10 January 1916 – 15 August 2004) was a Swedish biochemist.

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Surgeon General of the United States

The Surgeon General of the United States is the operational head of the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (PHSCC) and thus the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the federal government of the United States.

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Tablet (pharmacy)

A tablet is a pharmaceutical dosage form.

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Tension headache

Tension headache, also known as tension-type headache, is the most common type of primary headache.

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The American Journal of Medicine

The American Journal of Medicine is a peer-reviewed medical journal and the official journal of the Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine.

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The BMJ

The BMJ is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.

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The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology is a peer-reviewed medical journal that covers the field of pharmacology.

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The Journal of Neuroscience

The Journal of Neuroscience is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Society for Neuroscience.

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The Journal of Pediatrics

The Journal of Pediatrics is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers all aspects of pediatrics.

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The Lancet

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal.

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The New England Journal of Medicine

The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.

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The Scientific World Journal

The Scientific World Journal (formerly, The ScientificWorldJournal) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering fields in the life sciences ranging from biomedicine to environmental sciences.

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Thrombophilia

Thrombophilia (sometimes hypercoagulability or a prothrombotic state) is an abnormality of blood coagulation that increases the risk of thrombosis (blood clots in blood vessels).

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Thrombosis

Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις thrómbōsis "clotting”) is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.

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Thrombosis Research

Thrombosis Research is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier focusing on thrombosis, hemostasis, and vascular biology.

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Thromboxane

Thromboxane is a member of the family of lipids known as eicosanoids.

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Thromboxane A2

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of thromboxane that is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.

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Thrombus

A thrombus, colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis.

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Ticagrelor

Ticagrelor (trade name Brilinta, Brilique, and Possia) is a platelet aggregation inhibitor produced by AstraZeneca.

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Tinnitus

Tinnitus is the hearing of sound when no external sound is present.

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Tolbutamide

Tolbutamide is a first-generation potassium channel blocker, sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic medication.

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Topical medication

A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.

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Trademark

A trademark, trade mark, or trade-markThe styling of trademark as a single word is predominantly used in the United States and Philippines only, while the two-word styling trade mark is used in many other countries around the world, including the European Union and Commonwealth and ex-Commonwealth jurisdictions (although Canada officially uses "trade-mark" pursuant to the Trade-mark Act, "trade mark" and "trademark" are also commonly used).

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Transcription factor

In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.

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United States Department of Health and Human Services

The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), also known as the Health Department, is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services.

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United States dollar

The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.

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United States Pharmacopeia

The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) is a pharmacopeia (compendium of drug information) for the United States published annually by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (usually also called the USP), a nonprofit organization that owns the trademark and copyright.

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United States Preventive Services Task Force

The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is "an independent panel of experts in primary care and prevention that systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services".

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Uric acid

Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3.

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Urine

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.

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Valproate

Valproate (VPA), and its valproic acid, sodium valproate, and valproate semisodium forms, are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and to prevent migraine headaches.

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Veterinary physician

A veterinary physician, usually called a vet, which is shortened from veterinarian (American English) or veterinary surgeon (British English), is a professional who practices veterinary medicine by treating diseases, disorders, and injuries in animals.

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Vinegar

Vinegar is a liquid consisting of about 5–20% acetic acid (CH3COOH), water (H2O), and trace chemicals that may include flavorings.

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Warfarin

Warfarin, sold under the brand name Coumadin among others, is a medication that is used as an anticoagulant (blood thinner).

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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.

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Wholesaling

Wholesaling, jobbing, or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional, or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers and related subordinated services.

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Willow

Willows, also called sallows, and osiers, form the genus Salix, around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997.

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2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural phenol found in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.

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Redirects here:

2-Ethanoylbenzenecarboxylic acid, 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid, 8-Hour Bayer, 8-hour Bayer, 81mg, A.S.A. Empirin, ATC code A01AD05, ATC code B01AC06, ATC code N02BA01, ATCvet code QA01AD05, ATCvet code QB01AC06, ATCvet code QN02BA01, Acenterine, Acesal, Aceticyl, Acetisal, Acetonyl, Acetophen, Acetosal, Acetosalin, Acetyl salicilic acid, Acetyl salicylic acid, Acetylin, Acetylosalicylic acid, Acetylsal, Acetylsalicyclic acid, Acetylsalicylate, Acetylsalicylic, Acetylsalicylic Acid, Acetylsalicylic acid, Acimetten, Acisal, Acylpyrin, Adiro, Adverse effects of aspirin, Asagran, Asatard, Ascoden-30, Ascriptin, Aspalon, Asparin, Aspec, Aspirdrops, Aspirin allergy, Aspirin synthesis, Aspirine, Aspégic, Asteric, Baby aspirin, Benaspir, Bi-prin, Bialpirina, Bialpirinia, Bufferin, Calcium acetyl salicylate, Calcium acetylsalicylate, Caprin, Cemirit, Claradin, Clariprin, Colfarit, Contrheuma retard, Decaten, Delgesic, Dispersible aspirin, Disprin, Dolean pH 8, Dolopirin, Easprin, Ecolen, Empirin, Endydol, Entericin, Enterophen, Enterosarein, Enterosarine, Entrophen, Extren, Fasprin, Genacote, Globentyl, Halfprin, Idragin, Junior aspirin, Kardegic, Levius, Low dose aspirin, Magnyl, Measurin, Micristin, Monoacetic acid ester of salicylic acid, Neuronika, Novid, Nu-seals, Nu-seals aspirin, Persistin, Pharmacin, Pirseal, Polopiryna, Premaspin, Rheumintabletten, Rhodine, Rhonal, Salacetin, Salcetogen, Saletin, Salicyl acetate, Sedergine, Solfrin, Solprin, Solprin acid, Solpyron, Spira-Dine, Supac, Tasprin, Temperal, Treo (drug), Treo comp, Treo-comp, Triaminicin, Triple-sal, Trombyl, Yasta, ZORprin.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin

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