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2013

Index 2013

2013 was designated as. [1]

630 relations: Aaron Swartz, Al Jazeera, Al-Shabaab (militant group), Alain Mimoun, Albert II of Belgium, Algeria, Alice Munro, Alvin Lee, Amar Bose, Amparo Rivelles, Anno Domini, Ansar Dine, Anthony Caro, Antoni Ramallets, April 1, April 10, April 11, April 14, April 15, April 17, April 18, April 19, April 2, April 22, April 24, April 26, April 28, April 3, April 30, April 4, April 6, April 8, April 9, Argentina, Arieh Warshel, Arik Einstein, Armando Villanueva, Armen Alchian, Arms Trade Treaty, Arthur Storch, August 10, August 12, August 14, August 15, August 18, August 19, August 20, August 21, August 24, August 25, ..., August 29, August 30, August 31, August 5, August 8, Australian federal election, 2013, Australian Labor Party, Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 2010, Australian Labor Party leadership spill, June 2013, Édouard Molinaro, Bali Package, Bangladesh, Bangui, BBC, Beatrix of the Netherlands, Bebo Valdés, Bernadette Lafont, Bert Trautmann, Bigas Luna, Bill Foulkes, Bill Sharman, Bobby Bland, Boris Berezovsky (businessman), Boston, Boston Marathon, Boston Marathon bombing, British Army, Bruno Metsu, C. Gordon Fullerton, Cardinal (Catholic Church), Carlos Graça, Carmen Montejo, Cedar Walton, Central African Republic, Central Intelligence Agency, Chang'e 3, Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk meteor, Chico Hamilton, Chieko Honda, China National Space Administration, Chinua Achebe, Christian Benítez, Christian de Duve, Clive Burr, Cloning, CNN, Coalition (Australia), Colin Davis, Collagen, Common Era, Common year starting on Tuesday, Conventional weapon, Cory Monteith, Croatia, CTV News, Cyprus, Damiano Damiani, David Frost, David H. Hubel, David R. Ellis, Deanna Durbin, December 1, December 10, December 12, December 14, December 15, December 16, December 18, December 2, December 21, December 23, December 26, December 29, December 31, December 5, December 6, December 7, December 8, December 9, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dennis Farina, Dezső Gyarmati, Dinka people, Djalma Santos, Donald A. Glaser, Doris Lessing, Douglas Engelbart, Ear, Ed Koch, Edward Snowden, Eero Mäntyranta, Egypt, Eileen Brennan, El Reno, Oklahoma, Eleanor Parker, Elmore Leonard, Embryonic stem cell, Emile Griffith, Emilio Colombo, Erich Priebke, Esther Williams, Eugene Fama, Eurogroup, Euromaidan, European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism, European Financial Stability Facility, European Union, Eydie Gormé, Fawzia Fuad of Egypt, February 1, February 12, February 14, February 15, February 17, February 18, February 19, February 21, February 22, February 23, February 25, February 26, February 27, February 28, François Bozizé, François Englert, François Jacob, Francis Bacon (artist), Frank Lautenberg, Frederick Sanger, Frederik Pohl, French Armed Forces, George Duke, George Jones, Georges Moustaki, Ghouta chemical attack, Gia Allemand, Giuliano Gemma, Giulio Andreotti, Glafcos Clerides, Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present), Gregorian calendar, Gylmar dos Santos Neves, Gyula Horn, Hakimullah Mehsud, Harold Camping, Heinrich Boere, Heinrich Rohrer, Heinz Flohe, Helen Thomas, Henri Dutilleux, Henrique Rosa, Hilary Koprowski, Hiroshi Yamauchi, Hjalmar Andersen, Hugo Chávez, Human Rights Watch, Iain Banks, Ieng Sary, In Amenas, In Amenas hostage crisis, Inauguration of the Dutch monarch, India, International Monetary Fund, International Olympic Committee, Iran, Islamism, J. J. Cale, Jack Vance, James Avery (actor), James Gandolfini, James M. Buchanan, James Rothman, Jang Song-thaek, January 1, January 10, January 11, January 15, January 16, January 18, January 19, January 2, January 20, January 2013 Pakistan bombings, January 21, January 23, January 3, January 7, January 9, János Starker, Józef Glemp, Jean Stapleton, Jeff Hanneman, Jerome Karle, Jesús Franco, Jiah Khan, Jim Hall (musician), Jim Kelly (martial artist), Joan Fontaine, Joe Weider, John Cornforth, John Tavener, Joint Plan of Action, Jon Mannah, Jonathan Winters, Jordan, Jorge Rafael Videla, José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz, Joseph Paul Franklin, Josip Kuže, Juba, Julia Gillard, Julie Harris (actress), Julien Ries, July 1, July 12, July 13, July 19, July 2, July 20, July 21, July 22, July 23, July 25, July 26, July 28, July 29, July 3, July 30, June 11, June 15, June 16, June 19, June 23, June 24, June 26, June 27, June 29, June 3, June 6, June 7, June 8, June 9, Karen Black, Ken Norton, Kenneth G. Wilson, Kenneth Waltz, Kevin Ayers, Kevin Rudd, Ladislao Mazurkiewicz, Larisa Avdeyeva, Lars Peter Hansen, Lawrence Klein, László Csatáry, Lee Thompson Young, Liberal Party of Australia, List of Belgian monarchs, List of monarchs of the Netherlands, London, Lou Reed, Lucian Freud, Luis Cubilla, Luna 24, Lunar rover, Manolo Escobar, María de Villota, Marc Rich, Marcel Reich-Ranicki, March 10, March 12, March 13, March 14, March 16, March 20, March 21, March 22, March 23, March 24, March 25, March 27, March 28, March 3, March 5, March 6, March 7, Marcia Wallace, Margaret Thatcher, Margherita Hack, Maria Tallchief, Marian McPartland, Marich Man Singh Shrestha, Mars Orbiter Mission, Marta Eggerth, Martin Karplus, Mass surveillance, May 13, May 15, May 16, May 17, May 18, May 2, May 20, May 22, May 23, May 26, May 31, May 4, May 6, May 7, Mel Smith, Mercury (element), Michael Levitt, Michael Winner, Mikhail Kalashnikov, Minamata Convention on Mercury, Mitja Ribičič, Mohamed Morsi, Moon, Moon landing, Moses Blah, Murder of Lee Rigby, Nagisa Oshima, Nairobi, Nam Duck-woo, National Party of Australia, Natural gas, Nature (journal), Nílton Santos, Nelson Mandela, New York City, Nguyễn Khánh, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, North Korea, Northern Mali conflict, November 1, November 12, November 15, November 17, November 19, November 2, November 20, November 21, November 24, November 25, November 26, November 27, November 28, November 30, November 5, November 7, November 8, Nuclear program of Iran, Nuer people, October 1, October 10, October 11, October 14, October 18, October 20, October 23, October 24, October 25, October 27, October 28, October 3, October 4, October 7, October 9, Oregon Health & Science University, Organ transplantation, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Otfried Preußler, Ottmar Walter, Ovadia Yosef, Paolo Soleri, Papal conclave, 2013, Papal name, Papal renunciation, Patrice Chéreau, Patti Page, Paul Bearer, Paul Walker, Peter Banks, Peter Geach, Peter Higgs, Peter O'Toole, Philippe of Belgium, Philippines, Pierre Mauroy, Pietro Mennea, Pope, Pope Benedict XVI, Pope Celestine V, Pope Francis, Pope Gregory XII, Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014), Presbyterian Church (USA), President of Egypt, Prime Minister of Australia, Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, Prince George of Cambridge, Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, Quinoa, Radu Vasile, Randy Schekman, Ray Dolby, Ray Harryhausen, Ray Manzarek, Ray Price (musician), Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI, Reuters, Richard Griffiths, Richard Matheson, Richard Ramirez, Richie Havens, Right of asylum, Robert Coleman Richardson, Robert Edwards (physiologist), Robert Fogel, Robert J. Shiller, Rochus Misch, Roger Ebert, Roman numerals, Ronald Coase, Ronald Dworkin, Ronnie Biggs, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, Rudd Government (2013), Russia, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Sara Montiel, Saudi Arabia, Saye Zerbo, Séléka, Scott Carpenter, Seamus Heaney, September 1, September 12, September 18, September 19, September 2, September 21, September 22, September 5, September 7, Sergei Belov, Sergiu Nicolaescu, Society of Jesus, South Sudan, South Sudanese Civil War, Sriharikota, Stan Musial, Stéphane Hessel, Storm Thorgerson, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363, The Boston Globe, The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The New York Times, The Scotsman, Thomas C. Südhof, Three Studies of Lucian Freud, Tokyo, Tom Clancy, Tommy Morrison, Tony Abbott, Tony Sheridan, Trade barrier, Tropical cyclone, Tunguska event, Typhoon Haiyan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United Nations, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Security Council, United States, United States dollar, Van Cliburn, Võ Nguyên Giáp, Vernon Shaw, Vietnam, Viktor Yanukovych, Walt Bellamy, Walter De Maria, Westgate shopping mall attack, Westgate, Nairobi, Wilfried Martens, Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, Wojciech Kilar, Wolfgang Sawallisch, Woolwich, World Trade Organization, World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2013, Yoram Kaniuk, Yury Yakovlev, Yusef Lateef, Yutu (rover), Zillur Rahman, 1294, 1415, 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1957, 1960, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1988, 1989, 2010s, 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis, 2012–13 Egyptian protests, 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, 2013 El Reno tornado, 2013 North Korean nuclear test, 2013 Savar building collapse, 2020 Summer Olympics, 21st century, 367943 Duende, 3D printing, 3rd millennium. Expand index (580 more) »

Aaron Swartz

Aaron Hillel Swartz (November 8, 1986January 11, 2013) was an American computer programmer, entrepreneur, writer, political organizer, and Internet hacktivist.

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Al Jazeera

Al Jazeera (translit,, literally "The Island", though referring to the Arabian Peninsula in context), also known as JSC (Jazeera Satellite Channel), is a state-funded broadcaster in Doha, Qatar, owned by the Al Jazeera Media Network.

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Al-Shabaab (militant group)

Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen (HSM; حركة الشباب المجاهدين,; Xarakada Mujaahidiinta Alshabaab, lit. "Mujahideen Youth Movement" or "Movement of Striving Youth"), more commonly known as al-Shabaab (lit), is a jihadist fundamentalist group based in East Africa.

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Alain Mimoun

Alain Mimoun (1 January 1921 – 27 June 2013) was an Algerian-born French long-distance runner who competed in track events, cross-country running and the marathon.

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Albert II of Belgium

Albert II (born 6 June 1934) reigned as the sixth King of the Belgians from 1993 until his abdication in 2013.

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Algeria

Algeria (الجزائر, familary Algerian Arabic الدزاير; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ; Dzayer; Algérie), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.

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Alice Munro

Alice Ann Munro (née Laidlaw; born 10 July 1931) is a Canadian short story writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013.

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Alvin Lee

Alvin Lee (born Graham Anthony Barnes; 19 December 1944 – 6 March 2013) was an English singer and guitarist, best known as the lead vocalist and lead guitarist of the blues rock band Ten Years After.

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Amar Bose

Amar Gopal Bose (November 2, 1929 – July 12, 2013) was an American academic and entrepreneur of Indian descent.

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Amparo Rivelles

María Amparo Rivelles Ladrón de Guevara MML (11 February 1925 – 7 November 2013), better known as Amparo Rivelles, was a Spanish actress.

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Anno Domini

The terms anno Domini (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.

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Ansar Dine

Ansar Dine (أنصار الدين ʾAnṣār ad-Dīn, also transliterated Ançar Deen; meaning "helpers of the (Islamic) religion" or "defenders of the faith") also known as Ansar al-Din (abbreviated as AAD) is a militant Islamist group led by Iyad Ag Ghaly, one of the most prominent leaders of the Tuareg Rebellion (1990–1995) who is suspected of having ties to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, which is led by his cousin Hamada Ag Hama.

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Anthony Caro

Sir Anthony Alfred Caro (8 March 192423 October 2013) was an English abstract sculptor whose work is characterised by assemblages of metal using 'found' industrial objects. His style was of the modernist school, having worked with Henry Moore early in his career. He was lauded as the greatest British sculptor of his generation.

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Antoni Ramallets

Antoni Ramallets Simón (1 July 1924 – 30 July 2013) was a Spanish footballer who played as a goalkeeper, and also a manager.

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April 1

No description.

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April 10

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April 11

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April 14

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April 15

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April 17

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April 18

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April 19

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April 2

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April 22

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April 24

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April 26

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April 28

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April 3

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April 30

No description.

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April 4

On the Roman calendar, this was known as the day before the nones of April (Pridie).

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April 6

No description.

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April 8

No description.

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April 9

No description.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.

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Arieh Warshel

Arieh Warshel (אריה ורשל; born November 20, 1940) is an Israeli-American biochemist and biophysicist.

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Arik Einstein

Arieh Lieb "Arik" Einstein (אָרִיק אַייְנְשְׁטֵייְן,; 3 January 1939 – 26 November 2013) was an Israeli singer, songwriter, actor, and screenwriter.

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Armando Villanueva

Armando Villanueva Del Campo (25 November 1915 – 14 April 2013) was the leader of the Peruvian American Popular Revolutionary Alliance.

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Armen Alchian

Armen Albert Alchian (April 12, 1914 – February 19, 2013) was an American economist and professor of economics at the University of California, Los Angeles.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) is a multilateral treaty that regulates the international trade in conventional weapons.

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Arthur Storch

Arthur Storch (June 29, 1925 — March 5, 2013) was an American actor and Broadway director.

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August 10

The term 'the 10th of August' is widely used by historians as a shorthand for the Storming of the Tuileries Palace on the 10th of August, 1792, the effective end of the French monarchy until it was restored in 1814.

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August 12

It is the peak of the Perseid meteor shower.

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August 14

No description.

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August 15

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August 18

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August 19

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August 20

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August 21

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August 24

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August 25

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August 29

No description.

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August 30

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August 31

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August 5

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August 8

No description.

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Australian federal election, 2013

A federal election to determine the members of the 44th Parliament of Australia took place on 7 September 2013.

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Australian Labor Party

The Australian Labor Party (ALP, also Labor, was Labour before 1912) is a political party in Australia.

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Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 2010

The Australian Labor Party leadership spill, 2010 occurred on 24 June 2010.

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Australian Labor Party leadership spill, June 2013

A leadership spill in the Australian Labor Party, the party forming the Government of Australia, took place on 26 June 2013 at 7:00pm AEST.

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Édouard Molinaro

Édouard Molinaro (13 May 1928 – 7 December 2013) was a French film director and screenwriter.

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Bali Package

The Bali Package is a trade agreement resulting from the Ninth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization in Bali, Indonesia on 3–7 December 2013.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

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Bangui

Bangui (or Bangî in Sango, formerly written Bangi in English) is the capital and largest city of the Central African Republic.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Beatrix of the Netherlands

Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard,; born 31 January 1938) is a member of the Dutch royal family who reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 until her abdication on 30 April 2013.

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Bebo Valdés

Dionisio Ramón Emilio Valdés Amaro (October 9, 1918 – March 22, 2013), better known as Bebo Valdés, was a Cuban pianist, bandleader, composer and arranger.

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Bernadette Lafont

Bernadette Lafont (28 October 1938 – 25 July 2013) was a French actress who appeared in more than 120 feature films.

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Bert Trautmann

Bernhard Carl "Bert" Trautmann OBE (22 October 1923 – 19 July 2013) was a German professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Manchester City from 1949 to 1964.

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Bigas Luna

Josep Joan Bigas i Luna (Barcelona, 19th March, 1946 - la Riera de Gaià, Catalonia, 5th April, 2013), known artistically as Bigas Luna, was a Spanish film director, designer and artist.

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Bill Foulkes

William Anthony Foulkes (or; 5 January 1932 – 25 November 2013) was an English footballer who played for Manchester United in the Busby Babes teams of the 1950s, and also in the 1960s.

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Bill Sharman

William Walton Sharman (May 25, 1926 – October 25, 2013) was an American professional basketball player and coach.

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Bobby Bland

Robert Calvin Bland (né Robert Calvin Brooks; January 27, 1930 – June 23, 2013), known professionally as Bobby "Blue" Bland, was an American blues singer.

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Boris Berezovsky (businessman)

Boris Abramovich Berezovsky (Бори́с Абра́мович Березо́вский, 23 January 1946 – 23 March 2013), aka Platon Elenin, was a Russian business oligarch, government official, engineer and mathematician.

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Boston

Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Boston Marathon

The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon hosted by several cities in greater Boston in eastern Massachusetts, United States.

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Boston Marathon bombing

During the annual Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013, two homemade bombs detonated 12 seconds and apart at 2:49 p.m., near the finish line of the race, killing three people and injuring several hundred others, including 16 who lost limbs.

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British Army

The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of British Armed Forces.

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Bruno Metsu

Bruno Metsu (28 January 1954 – 14 October 2013) was a French footballer and football manager.

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C. Gordon Fullerton

Charles Gordon Fullerton (October 11, 1936 – August 21, 2013) was a United States Air Force colonel, a USAF and NASA astronaut, and a research pilot at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, California.

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Cardinal (Catholic Church)

A cardinal (Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, considered a Prince of the Church, and usually an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Carlos Graça

Carlos Alberto Monteiro Dias da Graça (22 December 1931 – 17 April 2013) was a prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe.

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Carmen Montejo

Carmen Montejo (born María Teresa Sánchez González; May 26, 1925 – February 25, 2013) was a Cuban-born Mexican actress of telenovelas, stage and the Golden age of the cinema of Mexico.

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Cedar Walton

Cedar Anthony Walton, Jr. (January 17, 1934 – August 19, 2013) was an American hard bop jazz pianist.

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Central African Republic

The Central African Republic (CAR; Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka; République centrafricaine, or Centrafrique) is a landlocked country in Central Africa.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Chang'e 3

Chang'e 3 is an unmanned lunar exploration mission operated by the China National Space Administration (CNSA), incorporating a robotic lander and China's first lunar rover.

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Chelyabinsk

Chelyabinsk (a) is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River, on the border of Europe and Asia.

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Chelyabinsk meteor

The Chelyabinsk meteor was a superbolide caused by an approximately 20-metre near-Earth asteroid that entered Earth's atmosphere over Russia on 15 February 2013 at about 09:20 YEKT (03:20 UTC), with a speed of 19.16 ± 0.15 kilometres per second (60,000–69,000 km/h or 40,000–42,900 mph).

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Chico Hamilton

Foreststorn "Chico" Hamilton, (September 20, 1921 – November 25, 2013) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader.

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Chieko Honda

was a Japanese actress and voice actress.

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China National Space Administration

The China National Space Administration (CNSA) is the national space agency of China.

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Chinua Achebe

Chinua Achebe (born Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe, 16 November 1930 – 21 March 2013) was a Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic.

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Christian Benítez

Christian Rogelio Benítez Betancourt (May 1, 1986 – July 29, 2013), also known as Chucho, was an Ecuadorian footballer who played as a forward for El Jaish of the Qatar Stars League at the time of his death.

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Christian de Duve

Christian René Marie Joseph, Viscount de Duve (2 October 1917 – 4 May 2013) was a Nobel Prize-winning Belgian cytologist and biochemist.

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Clive Burr

Clive Burr (8 March 1957 – 12 March 2013) was an English drummer, best known as a member of Iron Maiden from 1979 to 1982.

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Cloning

Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.

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Coalition (Australia)

The Coalition (or Liberal–National Coalition) is an alliance of centre-right political parties that forms one of the two major groupings in Australian federal politics.

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Colin Davis

Sir Colin Rex Davis (25 September 1927 – 14 April 2013) was an English conductor, known for his association with the London Symphony Orchestra, having first conducted it in 1959.

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Collagen

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies.

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Common Era

Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era – an alternative to the Dionysian AD and BC system.

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Common year starting on Tuesday

A common year starting on Tuesday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Tuesday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December.

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Conventional weapon

The terms conventional weapons or conventional arms generally refer to weapons that are in relatively wide use that are not weapons of mass destruction (e.g. nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons).

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Cory Monteith

Cory Allan Michael Monteith (May 11, 1982 July 13, 2013) was a Canadian actor and musician, known for his role as Finn Hudson on the Fox television series Glee.

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea.

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CTV News

CTV News is the news division of the CTV Television Network in Canada.

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Cyprus

Cyprus (Κύπρος; Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.

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Damiano Damiani

Damiano Damiani (23 July 1922 – 7 March 2013) was an Italian screenwriter, film director, actor and writer.

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David Frost

Sir David Paradine Frost (7 April 1939 – 31 August 2013) was an English television host, media personality, journalist, comedian, and writer.

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David H. Hubel

David Hunter Hubel (February 27, 1926 – September 22, 2013) was a Canadian neurophysiologist noted for his studies of the structure and function of the visual cortex.

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David R. Ellis

David Richard Ellis (September 8, 1952 – January 7, 2013) was an American film director and stunt performer born in Santa Monica, California in 1952.

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Deanna Durbin

Edna Mae Durbin (December 4, 1921 – April 17, 2013), known professionally as Deanna Durbin, was a Canadian-born actress and singer, later settled in France, who appeared in musical films in the 1930s and 1940s.

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December 1

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December 10

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December 12

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December 14

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December 15

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December 16

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December 18

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December 2

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December 21

In the Northern Hemisphere, December 21 is usually the shortest day of the year and is sometimes regarded as the first day of winter.

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December 23

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December 26

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December 29

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December 31

It is known by a collection of names including: Saint Sylvester's Day, New Year's Eve or Old Years Day/Night, as the following day is New Year's Day.

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December 5

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December 6

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December 7

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December 8

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December 9

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Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo), also known as DR Congo, the DRC, Congo-Kinshasa or simply the Congo, is a country located in Central Africa.

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Dennis Farina

Dennis Farina (February 29, 1944 – July 22, 2013) was an American actor of film and television and former Chicago police officer.

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Dezső Gyarmati

Dezső Gyarmati (October 23, 1927 – August 18, 2013) was a Hungarian water polo player and three times Olympic champion; he later became the coach of the Hungarian national water polo team.

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Dinka people

The Dinka people (Jiɛ̈ɛ̈ŋ) are a community, composed of many ethnic groups, inhabiting the East and West Banks of River Nile, from Mangalla to Renk, regions of Bahr el Ghazal, Upper Nile (former two of three Southern Provinces in Sudan) and Abyei Area of the Angok Dinka in South Khordofan of Sudan.

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Djalma Santos

Djalma Pereira Dias dos Santos known simply as Djalma Santos (also spelled Dejalma Santos, (27 February 192923 July 2013) was a Brazilian footballer who started for the Brazil national team in four World Cups, winning two, in 1958 and 1962. Santos is considered to be one of the greatest right-backs of all time. While primarily known for his defensive skills, he often ventured upfield and displayed some impressive technical and attacking skills. Along with Franz Beckenbauer and Philipp Lahm, he is one of only three players to be included into three FIFA World Cup All Star teams (in 1954, 1958 and 1962). He was unrelated to his frequent defensive partner Nilton Santos. He was named by Pelé as one of the top 125 greatest living footballers in March 2004. He is also one of the few footballers to have made over 1,000 professional appearances in his career.

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Donald A. Glaser

Donald Arthur Glaser (September 21, 1926 – February 28, 2013) was an American physicist, neurobiologist, and the winner of the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the bubble chamber used in subatomic particle physics.

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Doris Lessing

Doris May Lessing (22 October 1919 – 17 November 2013) was a British novelist, poet, playwright, librettist, biographer and short story writer.

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Douglas Engelbart

Douglas Carl Engelbart (January 30, 1925 – July 2, 2013) was an American engineer and inventor, and an early computer and Internet pioneer.

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Ear

The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance.

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Ed Koch

Edward Irving Koch (December 12, 1924February 1, 2013) was an American lawyer, politician, political commentator, movie critic and reality television arbitrator.

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Edward Snowden

Edward Joseph Snowden (born June 21, 1983) is an American computer professional, former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee, and former contractor for the United States government who copied and leaked classified information from the National Security Agency (NSA) in 2013 without authorization.

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Eero Mäntyranta

Eero Antero Mäntyranta (20 November 1937 – 29 December 2013) was one of the most successful Finnish skiers.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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Eileen Brennan

Verla Eileen Brennan (September 3, 1932 – July 28, 2013) was an American film, stage, and television actress.

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El Reno, Oklahoma

El Reno is a city in and county seat of Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States.

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Eleanor Parker

Eleanor Jean Parker (June 26, 1922 – December 9, 2013) was an American actress who appeared in some 80 movies and television series.

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Elmore Leonard

Elmore John Leonard Jr. (October 11, 1925August 20, 2013) was an American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter.

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Embryonic stem cell

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells or ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo.

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Emile Griffith

Emile Alphonse Griffith (February 3, 1938 – July 23, 2013) was a professional boxer from the U.S. Virgin Islands who became a World Champion in the welterweight, junior middleweight and middleweight classes.

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Emilio Colombo

Emilio Colombo (11 April 1920 – 24 June 2013) was an Italian politician and the Prime Minister of Italy from 1970 to 1972.

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Erich Priebke

Erich Priebke (27 July 1913 – 11 October 2013) was a German mid-level SS commander in the SS police force (SiPo) of Nazi Germany.

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Esther Williams

Esther Jane Williams (August 8, 1921 – June 6, 2013) was an American competitive swimmer and actress.

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Eugene Fama

Eugene Francis "Gene" Fama (born February 14, 1939) is an American economist, best known for his empirical work on portfolio theory, asset pricing and the ‘Efficient Market hypothesis’.

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Eurogroup

The Eurogroup is the recognised collective term for informal meetings of the finance ministers of the eurozone—those member states of the European Union (EU) which have adopted the euro as their official currency.

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Euromaidan

Euromaidan (Євромайдан, Евромайдан,, literally "Euro Square") was a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, which began on the night of 21 November 2013 with public protests in Maidan Nezalezhnosti ("Independence Square") in Kiev.

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European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism

The European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism (EFSM) is an emergency funding programme reliant upon funds raised on the financial markets and guaranteed by the European Commission using the budget of the European Union as collateral.

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European Financial Stability Facility

The European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) is a special purpose vehicle financed by members of the eurozone to address the European sovereign-debt crisis.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Eydie Gormé

Eydie Gormé (born Edith Garmezano; August 16, 1928 – August 10, 2013) was an American singer who performed solo as well as with her husband, Steve Lawrence, in popular ballads and swing.

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Fawzia Fuad of Egypt

Fawzia Fuad of Egypt (5 November 1921 – 2 July 2013), also known as Muluk Fawzia of Iran, was an Egyptian princess who became Queen of Iran as the first wife of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

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February 1

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February 12

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February 14

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February 15

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February 17

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February 18

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February 19

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February 21

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February 22

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February 23

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February 25

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February 26

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February 27

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February 28

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François Bozizé

François Bozizé Yangouvonda (born 14 October 1946) is a Central African politician who was the President of the Central African Republic from 2003 to 2013.

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François Englert

François Baron Englert (born 6 November 1932) is a Belgian theoretical physicist and 2013 Nobel prize laureate (shared with Peter Higgs).

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François Jacob

François Jacob (17 June 1920 – 19 April 2013) was a French biologist who, together with Jacques Monod, originated the idea that control of enzyme levels in all cells occurs through regulation of transcription.

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Francis Bacon (artist)

Francis Bacon (28 October 1909 – 28 April 1992) was an Irish-British figurative painter known for his bold, grotesque, emotionally charged, raw imagery.

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Frank Lautenberg

Frank Raleigh Lautenberg (January 23, 1924 June 3, 2013) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from New Jersey as a member of the Democratic Party.

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Frederick Sanger

Frederick Sanger (13 August 1918 – 19 November 2013) was a British biochemist who twice won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, one of only two people to have done so in the same category (the other is John Bardeen in physics), the fourth person overall with two Nobel Prizes, and the third person overall with two Nobel Prizes in the sciences.

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Frederik Pohl

Frederik George Pohl Jr. (November 26, 1919 – September 2, 2013) was an American science-fiction writer, editor, and fan, with a career spanning more than 75 years—from his first published work, the 1937 poem "Elegy to a Dead Satellite: Luna", to the 2011 novel All the Lives He Led and articles and essays published in 2012.

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French Armed Forces

The French Armed Forces (Forces armées françaises) encompass the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the National Guard and the Gendarmerie of the French Republic.

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George Duke

George Duke (January 12, 1946 – August 5, 2013) was an American musician, known as a keyboard pioneer, composer, singer and producer in both jazz and popular mainstream musical genres.

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George Jones

George Glenn Jones (September 12, 1931 – April 26, 2013) was an American musician, singer and songwriter.

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Georges Moustaki

Georges Moustaki (born Giuseppe Mustacchi; May 3, 1934 – May 23, 2013) was an Egyptian-French singer-songwriter of Jewish Italo-Greek origin, best known for the poetic rhythm and simplicity of the romantic songs he composed and often sang.

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Ghouta chemical attack

The Ghouta chemical attack occurred in Ghouta, Syria during the Syrian Civil War, in the early hours of 21 August 2013.

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Gia Allemand

Gia Marie Allemand (December 20, 1983 – August 14, 2013) was an American actress, model, and reality television contestant.

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Giuliano Gemma

Giuliano Gemma (2 September 1938 – 1 October 2013) was an Italian actor.

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Giulio Andreotti

Giulio Andreotti (14 January 1919 – 6 May 2013) was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the 41st Prime Minister of Italy and leader of the Christian Democracy party; he was the sixth longest-serving Prime Minister since the Italian Unification and the second longest-serving post-war Prime Minister, after Silvio Berlusconi.

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Glafcos Clerides

Glafcos Ioannou Clerides (Γλαύκος Ιωάννου Κληρίδης; 24 April 1919 – 15 November 2013) was a Greek Cypriot politician and barrister who served as the fourth President of Cyprus from 1993 to 2003.

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Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)

Ongoing news reports in the international media have revealed operational details about the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and its international partners' global surveillance of foreign nationals and U.S. citizens.

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Gregorian calendar

The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used civil calendar in the world.

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Gylmar dos Santos Neves

Gylmar dos Santos Neves (22 August 1930 – 25 August 2013) known simply as Gilmar (with an i), was a Brazilian footballer who played goalkeeper for Corinthians and Santos and was a member of the Brazil national team in three World Cups.

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Gyula Horn

Gyula Horn (5 July 1932 – 19 June 2013) was a Hungarian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary from 1994 to 1998.

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Hakimullah Mehsud

Hakimullah Mehsud (Pashto/حکیم اللہ محسود; c. 1979 − 1 November 2013), born Jamshed Mehsud (جمشید محسود) and also known as Zulfiqar Mehsud (ذو الفقار محسود), was the emir of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP).

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Harold Camping

Harold Egbert Camping (July 19, 1921December 15, 2013) was an American Christian radio broadcaster, author and evangelist.

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Heinrich Boere

Heinrich Boere (27 September 1921 – 1 December 2013) was a convicted German-Dutch war criminal and former member of the Waffen-SS.

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Heinrich Rohrer

Heinrich Rohrer (6 June 1933 – 16 May 2013) was a Swiss physicist who shared half of the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics with Gerd Binnig for the design of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM).

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Heinz Flohe

Heinz "Flocke" Flohe (28 January 1948 – 15 June 2013) was a German footballer and manager.

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Helen Thomas

Helen Amelia Thomas (August 4, 1920 – July 20, 2013) was an American reporter and author best known for her longtime membership in the White House press corps.

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Henri Dutilleux

Henri Dutilleux (22 January 1916 – 22 May 2013) was a French composer active mainly in the second half of the 20th century.

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Henrique Rosa

Henrique Pereira Rosa (18 January 1946 – 15 May 2013) was a politician from Guinea-Bissau who served as interim President of Guinea-Bissau from 2003 to 2005.

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Hilary Koprowski

Hilary Koprowski (5 December 191611 April 2013) was a Polish virologist and immunologist active in the United States; inventor of the world's first effective live polio vaccine.

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Hiroshi Yamauchi

was a Japanese businessman.

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Hjalmar Andersen

Hjalmar "Hjallis" Johan Andersen (12 March 1923 – 27 March 2013) was a speed skater from Norway who won three gold medals at the 1952 Winter Olympic Games of Oslo, Norway.

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Hugo Chávez

Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician who was President of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Iain Banks

Iain Banks (16 February 1954 – 9 June 2013) was a Scottish author.

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Ieng Sary

Ieng Sary (អៀង សារី; 24 October 1925 – 14 March 2013) was a co-founder and senior member of the Khmer Rouge.

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In Amenas

In Amenas (‘In ’Amanās) is a town and commune in eastern Algeria, bordering with Libya.

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In Amenas hostage crisis

The In Amenas hostage crisis began on 16 January 2013, when al-Qaeda-linked terrorists affiliated with a brigade led by Mokhtar Belmokhtar took expat hostages at the Tigantourine gas facility near In Amenas, Algeria.

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Inauguration of the Dutch monarch

Upon his or her accession to the throne, the new Dutch monarch undergoes an inauguration ceremony as required by the constitution.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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International Olympic Committee

The International Olympic Committee (IOC; French: Comité International Olympique, CIO) is a Swiss private non-governmental organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, which is the authority responsible for the modern Olympic Games.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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Islamism

Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts.

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J. J. Cale

John Weldon "J.

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Jack Vance

John Holbrook "Jack" Vance (August 28, 1916 – May 26, 2013) was an American mystery, fantasy, and science fiction writer.

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James Avery (actor)

James LaRue Avery (November 27, 1945 – December 31, 2013) was an American actor, voice over artist and poet.

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James Gandolfini

James Joseph Gandolfini Jr. (September 18, 1961 – June 19, 2013) was an American actor best known for his role as Tony Soprano, the Italian-American crime boss in HBO's television series, The Sopranos.

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James M. Buchanan

James McGill Buchanan Jr. (October 3, 1919 – January 9, 2013) was an American economist known for his work on public choice theory (included in his most famous work, co-authored with Gordon Tullock, The Calculus of Consent, 1962), for which he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1986.

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James Rothman

James Edward Rothman (November 3, 1950 –) is an American biochemist.

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Jang Song-thaek

Jang Song-thaek (also romanized as Jang Sung-taek, Chang Sŏng-t'aek and other variations; January or February 1946 – 12 December 2013) was a leading figure in the government of North Korea.

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January 1

January 1 is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar.

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January 10

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January 11

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January 15

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January 16

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January 18

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January 19

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January 2

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January 20

In the ancient astronomy, it is the cusp day between Capricorn and Aquarius.

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January 2013 Pakistan bombings

On 10 January 2013, several bombings took place in the southwestern Pakistani city of Quetta the capital of Balochistan Province, killing a total of 130 people and injuring at least 270.

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January 21

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January 23

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January 3

Perihelion, the point during the year when the Earth is closest to the Sun, occurs around this date.

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January 7

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January 9

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János Starker

János Starker (July 5, 1924 – April 28, 2013) was a Hungarian-American cellist.

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Józef Glemp

Józef Glemp (18 December 192923 January 2013) was a Polish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Jean Stapleton

Jean Stapleton (born Jeanne Murray; January 19, 1923 – May 31, 2013) was an American character actress of stage, television, and film.

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Jeff Hanneman

Jeffrey John "Jeff" Hanneman (January 31, 1964 – May 2, 2013) was an American musician, best known as a founding member of the American thrash metal band Slayer.

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Jerome Karle

Jerome Karle (born Jerome Karfunkle; June 18, 1918 – June 6, 2013) was an American physical chemist.

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Jesús Franco

Jess Franco (born Jesús Franco Manera; 12 May 1930 – 2 April 2013) was a Spanish filmmaker, composer, and actor, best known for his stylish exploitation films, directing around 160 feature films.

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Jiah Khan

Jiah Khan (born Nafisa Rizvi Khan, 20 February 1988 – 3 June 2013) was a British-American actress and singer who appeared in three Hindi films from 2007 to 2010.

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Jim Hall (musician)

James Stanley Hall (December 4, 1930 – December 10, 2013) was an American jazz guitarist, composer and arranger.

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Jim Kelly (martial artist)

James Milton Kelly (May 5, 1946 – June 29, 2013) was an American athlete, actor, and martial artist.

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Joan Fontaine

Joan de Beauvoir de Havilland (October 22, 1917 – December 15, 2013), known professionally as Joan Fontaine, was a British-American actress best known for her starring roles in Hollywood films.

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Joe Weider

Joseph Weider (November 29, 1919 – March 23, 2013) was a Canadian bodybuilder and entrepreneur who co-founded the International Federation of BodyBuilders (IFBB) alongside his brother Ben Weider.

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John Cornforth

Sir John Warcup Cornforth Jr., AC, CBE, FRS, FAA (7 September 1917 – 8 December 2013) was an AustralianBritish chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975 for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysed reactions, becoming the only Nobel laureate born in New South Wales.

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John Tavener

Sir John Kenneth Tavener (28 January 1944 – 12 November 2013) was an English composer, known for his extensive output of religious works, including The Protecting Veil, Song for Athene and The Lamb.

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Joint Plan of Action

On 24 November 2013, the Joint Plan of Action (برنامه اقدام مشترک), also known as the Geneva interim agreement (توافق هسته‌ای ژنو), was a pact signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in Geneva, Switzerland.

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Jon Mannah

Jonathan "Jon" Mannah (13 September 1989 – 18 January 2013) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer of Lebanese descent who played with the Cronulla Sharks and Parramatta Eels in the National Rugby League.

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Jonathan Winters

Jonathan Harshman Winters III (November 11, 1925 – April 11, 2013) was an American comedian, actor, author, and artist.

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Jordan

Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.

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Jorge Rafael Videla

Jorge Rafael Videla (2 August 1925 – 17 May 2013) was a senior commander in the Argentine Army and dictator of Argentina from 1976 to 1981.

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José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz

José Alfredo Martínez de Hoz (13 August 1925 – 16 March 2013) was an Argentine executive and policy maker.

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Joseph Paul Franklin

Joseph Paul Franklin (born James Clayton Vaughn Jr.; April 13, 1950 – November 20, 2013) was an American serial killer who gained notoriety for numerous murders in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

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Josip Kuže

Josip Kuže (13 November 1952 - 16 June 2013) was a Croatian football coach and former player.

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Juba

Juba (جوبا) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of South Sudan.

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Julia Gillard

Julia Eileen Gillard (born 29 September 1961) is a retired Australian politician who served as the 27th Prime Minister of Australia and Leader of the Australian Labor Party from 2010 to 2013.

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Julie Harris (actress)

Julia Ann Harris (December 2, 1925 – August 24, 2013), was an American stage, screen, and television actress.

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Julien Ries

Julien Ries (19 April 1920 – 23 February 2013) was a Belgian religious historian, titular archbishop and cardinal of the Catholic Church.

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July 1

It is the first day of the second half of the year.

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July 12

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July 13

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July 19

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July 2

This day is the midpoint of a common year because there are 182 days before and 182 days after it in common years, and 183 before and 182 after in leap years.

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July 20

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July 21

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July 22

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July 23

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July 25

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July 26

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July 28

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July 29

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July 3

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July 30

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June 11

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June 15

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June 16

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June 19

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June 23

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June 24

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June 26

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June 27

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June 29

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June 3

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June 6

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June 7

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June 8

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June 9

No description.

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Karen Black

Karen Blanche Black (née Ziegler; July 1, 1939 – August 8, 2013) was an American actress, screenwriter, singer, and songwriter.

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Ken Norton

Kenneth Howard Norton Sr. (August 9, 1943 – September 18, 2013) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1967 to 1981, and held the WBC heavyweight title in 1978.

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Kenneth G. Wilson

Kenneth Geddes "Ken" Wilson (June 8, 1936 – June 15, 2013) was an American theoretical physicist and a pioneer in leveraging computers for studying particle physics.

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Kenneth Waltz

Kenneth Neal Waltz (June 8, 1924 – May 12, 2013) was an American political scientist who was a member of the faculty at both the University of California, Berkeley and Columbia University and one of the most prominent scholars in the field of international relations.

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Kevin Ayers

Kevin Ayers (16 August 1944 – 18 February 2013) was an English singer-songwriter who was a major influential force in the English psychedelic movement.

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Kevin Rudd

Kevin Michael Rudd (born 21 September 1957) is a former Australian politician who was the 26th Prime Minister of Australia, serving from December 2007 to June 2010 and again from June to September 2013.

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Ladislao Mazurkiewicz

Ladislao Mazurkiewicz Iglesias (14 February 1945 – 2 January 2013) was a Uruguayan football goalkeeper of the 1960s and 1970s.

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Larisa Avdeyeva

Larisa Avdeyeva (Лариса Ивановна Авдеева or Larisa Ivanovna Avdeeva) (21 June 192510 March 2013) was a mezzo-soprano, who starred with the Bolshoi Opera for thirty years.

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Lars Peter Hansen

Lars Peter Hansen (born 26 October 1952 in Urbana, Illinois) is an American economist.

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Lawrence Klein

Lawrence Robert Klein (September 14, 1920 – October 20, 2013) was an American economist.

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László Csatáry

László Csatáry (5 March 1915 – 10 August 2013) was a Hungarian citizen and an alleged Nazi war criminal, convicted and sentenced to death ''in absentia'' in 1948 by a Czechoslovak court.

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Lee Thompson Young

Lee Thompson Young (February 1, 1984 – August 19, 2013) was an American actor.

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Liberal Party of Australia

The Liberal Party of Australia is a major centre-right political party in Australia, one of the two major parties in Australian politics, along with the centre-left Australian Labor Party (ALP).

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List of Belgian monarchs

This is a list of Belgian monarchs from 1831 when the first Belgian king, Leopold I, ascended the throne, after Belgium seceded from the Kingdom of the Netherlands during the Belgian Revolution of 1830.

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List of monarchs of the Netherlands

This is a list of monarchs of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koningen der Nederlanden).

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Lou Reed

Lewis Allan Reed (March 2, 1942 – October 27, 2013) was an American musician, singer, and songwriter.

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Lucian Freud

Lucian Michael Freud (8 December 1922 – 20 July 2011) was a British painter and draftsman, specializing in figurative art, and is known as one of the foremost 20th-century portraitists.

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Luis Cubilla

Luis Alberto Cubilla Almeida (28 March 1940 – 3 March 2013) was a Uruguayan football player and coach.

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Luna 24

Luna 24 was an unmanned space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna programme.

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Lunar rover

A lunar rover or Moon rover is a space exploration vehicle (rover) designed to move across the surface of the Moon.

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Manolo Escobar

Manuel García Escobar MML (19 October 1931 – 24 October 2013), better known as Manolo Escobar, was a Spanish singer of Andalusian copla and other Spanish music.

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María de Villota

María de Villota Comba (13 January 1980 – 11 October 2013) was a Spanish racing driver.

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Marc Rich

Marc Rich (born Marcell David Reich; December 18, 1934 – June 26, 2013) was an international commodities trader, hedge fund manager, financier and businessman.

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Marcel Reich-Ranicki

Marcel Reich-Ranicki (2 June 1920 – 18 September 2013) was a Polish-born German literary critic and member of the literary group Gruppe 47.

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March 10

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March 12

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March 13

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March 14

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March 16

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March 20

Typically the March equinox falls on this date, marking the vernal point in the Northern Hemisphere and the autumnal point in the Southern Hemisphere.

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March 21

In astrology, the day of the equinox is the first full day of the sign of Aries.

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March 22

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March 23

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March 24

March 24th is the 365th and last day of the year in many European implementations of the Julian calendar.

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March 25

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March 27

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March 28

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March 3

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March 5

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March 6

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March 7

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Marcia Wallace

Marcia Karen Wallace (November 1, 1942 – October 25, 2013) was an American actress, voice artist, comedian, and game show panelist, primarily known for her roles in television situation comedies.

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Margaret Thatcher

Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, (13 October 19258 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

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Margherita Hack

Margherita Hack, Knight Grand Cross OMRI (Florence, 12 June 1922 – Trieste, 29 June 2013) was an Italian astrophysicist and scientific disseminator.

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Maria Tallchief

Elizabeth Marie "Betty" TallChief (Osage family name: Ki He Kah Stah Tsa; January 24, 1925 – April 11, 2013) was an American ballerina.

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Marian McPartland

Margaret Marian McPartland, OBE (née Turner;Hasson, Claire,. PhD Thesis. Retrieved 12 August 2008. 20 March 1918 – 20 August 2013), was an English-American jazz pianist, composer and writer.

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Marich Man Singh Shrestha

Marich Man Singh Shrestha (1 January 1942 – 15 August 2013) was a Nepalese politician and former Prime Minister of Nepal.

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Mars Orbiter Mission

The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan ("Mars-craft", from मंगल mangala, "Mars" and यान yāna, "craft, vehicle"), is a space probe orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014.

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Marta Eggerth

Marta Eggerth (17 April 1912 – 26 December 2013) was a Hungarian-born American actress and singer from "The Silver Age of Operetta".

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Martin Karplus

Martin Karplus (born March 15, 1930) is an Austrian-born American theoretical chemist.

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Mass surveillance

Mass surveillance is the intricate surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population in order to monitor that group of citizens.

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May 13

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May 15

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May 16

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May 17

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May 18

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May 2

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May 20

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May 22

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May 23

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May 26

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May 31

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May 4

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May 6

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May 7

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Mel Smith

Melvin Kenneth Smith (3 December 1952 – 19 July 2013) was an English comedian, writer, film director, producer, and actor.

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Mercury (element)

Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.

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Michael Levitt

Michael Levitt, (מיכאל לויט; born 9 May 1947) is an American-British-Israeli biophysicist and a professor of structural biology at Stanford University, a position he has held since 1987.

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Michael Winner

Robert Michael Winner (30 October 1935 – 21 January 2013) was an English film director and producer, and a restaurant critic for The Sunday Times.

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Mikhail Kalashnikov

Lieutenant-General Mikhail Timofeyevich Kalashnikov (p; 10 November 1919 – 23 December 2013) was a Russian general, inventor, military engineer and small arms designer.

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Minamata Convention on Mercury

The Minamata Convention on Mercury is an international treaty designed to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds.

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Mitja Ribičič

Mitja Ribičič (19 May 1919 – 28 November 2013) was a Slovenian Communist official and Yugoslav politician.

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Mohamed Morsi

Mohamed MorsiThe spellings of his first and last names vary.

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Moon

The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth and is Earth's only permanent natural satellite.

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Moon landing

A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon.

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Moses Blah

Moses Zeh Blah (18 April 1947 – 1 April 2013) was a Liberian politician.

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Murder of Lee Rigby

On the afternoon of 22 May 2013, a British Army soldier, Fusilier Lee Rigby of the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, was attacked and killed by Michael Adebolajo and Michael Adebowale near the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich, southeast London.

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Nagisa Oshima

was a Japanese film director and screenwriter.

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Nairobi

Nairobi is the capital and the largest city of Kenya.

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Nam Duck-woo

Nam Duck-woo (22 April 1924 – 18 May 2013) was the Prime Minister of South Korea from 1980 to 1982.

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National Party of Australia

The National Party of Australia (also known as The Nationals or simply, The Nats) is an Australian political party.

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Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Nílton Santos

Nílton dos Santos (16 May 1925 – 27 November 2013) was a Brazilian footballer who primarily played as a wingback.

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Nelson Mandela

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Nguyễn Khánh

Nguyễn Khánh (November 8, 1927 – January 11, 2013) was a South Vietnamese military officer and Army of the Republic of Vietnam general who served in various capacities as head of state and prime minister of South Vietnam while at the head of a military junta from January 1964 until February 1965.

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Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (officially Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne, or the Swedish National Bank's Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel), commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics, is an award for outstanding contributions to the field of economics, and generally regarded as the most prestigious award for that field.

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Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.

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Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.

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Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning").

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Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.

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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.

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North Korea

North Korea (Chosŏn'gŭl:조선; Hanja:朝鮮; Chosŏn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (abbreviated as DPRK, PRK, DPR Korea, or Korea DPR), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.

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Northern Mali conflict

The Northern Mali Conflict, Mali Civil War, or Mali War refers to armed conflicts that started from January 2012 between the northern and southern parts of Mali in Africa.

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November 1

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November 12

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November 15

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November 17

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November 19

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November 2

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November 20

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November 21

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November 24

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November 25

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November 26

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November 27

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November 28

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November 30

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November 5

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November 7

This day marks the approximate midpoint of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and of spring in the Southern Hemisphere (starting the season at the September equinox).

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November 8

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Nuclear program of Iran

The nuclear program of Iran has included several research sites, two uranium mines, a research reactor, and uranium processing facilities that include three known uranium enrichment plants.

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Nuer people

The Nuer people are a Nilotic ethnic group primarily inhabiting the Nile Valley.

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October 1

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October 10

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October 11

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October 14

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October 18

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October 20

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October 23

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October 24

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October 25

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October 27

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October 28

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October 3

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October 4

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October 7

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October 9

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Oregon Health & Science University

Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) is a public university in Oregon with a main campus, including two hospitals, in Portland.

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Organ transplantation

Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ.

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Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention, which entered into force on 29 April 1997.

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Otfried Preußler

Otfried Preußler (sometimes spelled as Otfried Preussler) (20 October 1923 – 18 February 2013) was a German children's books author.

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Ottmar Walter

Ottmar Kurt Herrmann Walter (6 March 1924 – 16 June 2013) was a German footballer.

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Ovadia Yosef

Ovadia Yosef (עובדיה יוסף Ovadya Yosef,; September 24, 1920 – October 7, 2013) was an Iraqi-born Talmudic scholar, a posek, the Sephardi Chief Rabbi of Israel from 1973 to 1983, and the founder and long-time spiritual leader of Israel's ultra-Orthodox Shas party.

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Paolo Soleri

Paolo Soleri (21 June 1919 – 9 April 2013) was an Italian architect.

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Papal conclave, 2013

The papal conclave of 2013 was convened to elect a pope to succeed Pope Benedict XVI following his resignation on 28 February 2013.

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Papal name

A papal name is the regnal name taken by a pope.

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Papal renunciation

A papal renunciation (renuntiatio) occurs when the reigning pope of the Catholic Church voluntarily steps down from his position.

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Patrice Chéreau

Patrice Chéreau (2 November 1944 – 7 October 2013) was a French opera and theatre director, filmmaker, actor and producer.

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Patti Page

Clara Ann Fowler (November 8, 1927 – January 1, 2013), known by her stage name Patti Page, was an American singer of pop and country music.

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Paul Bearer

William Alvin "Bill" Moody (April 10, 1954 – March 5, 2013), better known by his ring names Paul Bearer and Percival 'Percy' Pringle III, was an American professional wrestling manager.

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Paul Walker

Paul William Walker IV (September 12, 1973 – November 30, 2013) was an American actor best known for his role as Brian O'Conner in The Fast and the Furious franchise.

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Peter Banks

Peter William Brockbanks (15 July 1947 – 7 March 2013), known professionally as Peter Banks, was an English guitarist, vocalist, songwriter and producer.

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Peter Geach

Peter Thomas Geach, FBA (29 March 1916 – 21 December 2013) was a British philosopher and professor of logic at the University of Leeds.

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Peter Higgs

Peter Ware Higgs (born 29 May 1929) is a British theoretical physicist, emeritus professor in the University of Edinburgh,Griggs, Jessica (Summer 2008) Edit the University of Edinburgh Alumni Magazine, p. 17 and Nobel Prize laureate for his work on the mass of subatomic particles.

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Peter O'Toole

Peter Seamus O'Toole (2 August 1932 – 14 December 2013) was a British stage and film actor of Irish descent.

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Philippe of Belgium

Philippe or Filip (Philippe Léopold Louis Marie, Filip Leopold Lodewijk Maria, Philipp Leopold Ludwig Maria; born 15 April 1960) is the seventh King of the Belgians, having ascended the throne on 21 July 2013, following his father's abdication.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Pierre Mauroy

Pierre Mauroy (5 July 1928 – 7 June 2013) was a French Socialist politician who was Prime Minister of France from 1981 to 1984 under President François Mitterrand.

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Pietro Mennea

Pietro Paolo Mennea (28 June 1952 – 21 March 2013) was an Italian sprinter and politician.

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Pope

The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Pope Benedict XVI

Pope Benedict XVI (Benedictus XVI; Benedetto XVI; Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger;; 16 April 1927) served as Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2005 until his resignation in 2013.

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Pope Celestine V

Pope Celestine V (Caelestinus V; 1215 – 19 May 1296), born Pietro Angelerio (according to some sources Angelario, Angelieri, Angelliero, or Angeleri), also known as Pietro da Morrone, Peter of Morrone, and Peter Celestine, was pope for five months from 5 July to 13 December 1294, when he resigned.

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Pope Francis

Pope Francis (Franciscus; Francesco; Francisco; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio; 17 December 1936) is the 266th and current Pope and sovereign of the Vatican City State.

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Pope Gregory XII

Pope Gregory XII (Gregorius XII; – 18 October 1417), born Angelo Corraro, Corario," or Correr, was Pope from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415 when he was forced to resign to end the Western Schism.

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Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014)

Protests against the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état erupted in July 2013.

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Presbyterian Church (USA)

The Presbyterian Church (USA), or PC (USA), is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States.

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President of Egypt

The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt (رئيس جمهورية مصر العربية) is the head of state of Egypt.

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Prime Minister of Australia

The Prime Minister of Australia (sometimes informally abbreviated to PM) is the head of government of Australia.

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Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau

Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau (Johan Friso Bernhard Christiaan David van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg; 25 September 1968 – 12 August 2013) was a younger brother of King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands.

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Prince George of Cambridge

Prince George of Cambridge (George Alexander Louis; born 22 July 2013) is a member of the British royal family.

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Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland

Princess Lilian of Sweden, Duchess of Halland (born Lillian May Davies, later Craig; 30 August 1915 – 10 March 2013), was a British fashion model who became a member of the Swedish royal family through her 1976 marriage to Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland (1912–1997).

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Quinoa

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa; (or, from Quechua kinwa or kinuwa) is a flowering plant in the amaranth family. It is a herbaceous annual plant grown as a grain crop primarily for its edible seeds. Quinoa is not a grass, but rather a pseudocereal botanically related to spinach and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.). Quinoa provides protein, dietary fiber, B vitamins, and dietary minerals in rich amounts above those of wheat, corn, rice or oats. It is gluten-free. After harvest, the seeds are processed to remove the bitter-tasting outer seed coat. Quinoa originated in the Andean region of northwestern South America, and was domesticated 3,000 to 4,000 years ago for human consumption in the Lake Titicaca basin of Peru and Bolivia, though archaeological evidence shows livestock uses 5,200 to 7,000 years ago.

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Radu Vasile

Radu Vasile (10 October 1942 – 3 July 2013) was a Romanian politician, historian and poet.

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Randy Schekman

Randy Wayne Schekman (born December 30, 1948) is an American cell biologist at the University of California, Berkeley and former editor-in-chief of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Ray Dolby

Ray Milton Dolby (January 18, 1933 – September 12, 2013) was an American engineer and inventor of the noise reduction system known as Dolby NR.

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Ray Harryhausen

Raymond Frederick Harryhausen (June 29, 1920 – May 7, 2013) was an American-British artist, designer, visual effects creator, writer and producer who created a form of stop-motion model animation known as "Dynamation".

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Ray Manzarek

Raymond Daniel Manzarek Jr. (né Manczarek; February 12, 1939 – May 20, 2013) was an American musician, singer, producer, film director, and author, best known as a member of The Doors from 1965 to 1973, which he co-founded with singer and lyricist Jim Morrison.

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Ray Price (musician)

Noble Ray Price (January 12, 1926December 16, 2013) was an American country music singer, songwriter, and guitarist.

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Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI

The resignation of Pope Benedict XVI occurred on 28 February 2013 at 20:00 (8:00 PM) CET (19:00 UTC).

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Reuters

Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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Richard Griffiths

Richard Thomas Griffiths, OBE (31 July 1947 – 28 March 2013) was an English actor of film, television, and stage.

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Richard Matheson

Richard Burton Matheson (February 20, 1926 – June 23, 2013) was an American author and screenwriter, primarily in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres.

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Richard Ramirez

Ricardo Leyva Muñoz Ramírez, known as Richard Ramirez (February 29, 1960 – June 7, 2013), was an American serial killer, rapist, and burglar.

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Richie Havens

Richard Pierce "Richie" Havens (January 21, 1941 – April 22, 2013) was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist.

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Right of asylum

The right of asylum (sometimes called right of political asylum, from the Ancient Greek word ἄσυλον) is an ancient juridical concept, under which a person persecuted by his own country may be protected by another sovereign authority, such as another country or church official, who in medieval times could offer sanctuary.

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Robert Coleman Richardson

Robert Coleman Richardson (June 26, 1937 – February 19, 2013) was an American experimental physicist whose area of research included sub-millikelvin temperature studies of helium-3.

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Robert Edwards (physiologist)

Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards, (27 September 1925 – 10 April 2013) was an English physiologist and pioneer in reproductive medicine, and in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) in particular.

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Robert Fogel

Robert William Fogel (July 1, 1926 – June 11, 2013) was an American economic historian and scientist, and winner (with Douglass North) of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

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Robert J. Shiller

Robert James Shiller (born March 29, 1946) is an American Nobel Laureate, economist, academic, and best-selling author.

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Rochus Misch

Rochus Misch (29 July 1917 – 5 September 2013) was a German Oberscharführer (sergeant) in the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH).

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Roger Ebert

Roger Joseph Ebert (June 18, 1942 – April 4, 2013) was an American film critic, historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author.

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Roman numerals

The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.

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Ronald Coase

Ronald Harry Coase (29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist and author.

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Ronald Dworkin

Ronald Myles Dworkin, FBA (December 11, 1931 – February 14, 2013) was an American philosopher, jurist, and scholar of United States constitutional law.

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Ronnie Biggs

Ronald Arthur Biggs (8 August 1929 – 18 December 2013) was an English thief, known for his role in the Great Train Robbery of 1963, for his escape from prison in 1965, for living as a fugitive for 36 years and for his various publicity stunts while in exile.

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Royal Regiment of Fusiliers

The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers is an infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Queen's Division.

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Rudd Government (2013)

The Second Rudd Government was the federal executive Government of Australia led by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd of the Australian Labor Party.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Ruth Prawer Jhabvala

Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, (7 May 19273 April 2013) was a German-born British and American Booker prize-winning novelist, short story writer and two-time Academy Award-winning screenwriter.

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Sara Montiel

María Antonia Abad Fernández MML (10 March 1928 – 8 April 2013) known professionally as Sara Montiel (also Sarita Montiel or Saritísima) was a Spanish singer and actress.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Saye Zerbo

Saye Zerbo (27 August 1932 – 19 September 2013) was a Burkinabé military officer the third President of the Republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso) from 25 November 1980 until 7 November 1982.

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Séléka

Séléka CPSK-CPJP-UFDR is an alliance of rebel militia factions and terrorist groups that overthrew the Central African Republic (CAR) on March 24, 2013.

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Scott Carpenter

Malcolm Scott Carpenter (May 1, 1925 – October 10, 2013), (Cmdr, USN), was an American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, astronaut, and aquanaut.

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Seamus Heaney

Seamus Justin Heaney (13 April 1939 – 30 August 2013) was an Irish poet, playwright and translator.

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September 1

No description.

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September 12

No description.

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September 18

No description.

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September 19

No description.

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September 2

No description.

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September 21

No description.

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September 22

It is frequently the day of the autumnal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere and the day of the vernal equinox in the Southern Hemisphere.

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September 5

No description.

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September 7

No description.

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Sergei Belov

Sergei Alexandrovich Belov (Серге́й Алекса́ндрович Бело́в; January 23, 1944 – October 3, 2013) was a professional basketball player, most noted for playing for CSKA Moscow and the senior Soviet Union national basketball team.

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Sergiu Nicolaescu

Sergiu Florin Nicolaescu (13 April 1930 – 3 January 2013) was a Romanian film director, actor and politician.

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Society of Jesus

The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.

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South Sudan

South Sudan, officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa.

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South Sudanese Civil War

The South Sudanese Civil War is an ongoing conflict in South Sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces.

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Sriharikota

Sriharikota is a barrier island off the Bay of Bengal coast located in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Stan Musial

Stanley Frank Musial (born Stanisław Franciszek Musiał; November 21, 1920 – January 19, 2013), nicknamed Stan the Man, was an American baseball outfielder and first baseman.

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Stéphane Hessel

Stéphane Frédéric Hessel (20 October 1917 – 26 February 2013) was a diplomat, ambassador, writer, concentration camp survivor, French Resistance member and BCRA agent.

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Storm Thorgerson

Storm Elvin Thorgerson (28 February 1944 – 18 April 2013) was an English graphic designer and music video director, best known for his work for rock artists such as Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin, Phish, Nik Kershaw, Black Sabbath, Scorpions, Peter Gabriel, Genesis, Yes, Al Stewart, Europe, Catherine Wheel, Bruce Dickinson, Dream Theater, Anthrax, The Cranberries, The Mars Volta, Muse, The Alan Parsons Project, Helloween, Biffy Clyro, Ween, Angels and Airwaves and Rival Sons.

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Tadeusz Mazowiecki

Tadeusz Mazowiecki; (18 April 1927 – 28 October 2013) was a Polish author, journalist, philanthropist and Christian-democratic politician, formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement, and the first non-communist Polish prime minister since 1946.

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Tamerlan Tsarnaev

Tamerlan Anzorovich Tsarnaev (October 21, 1986 – April 19, 2013)Тамерла́н Анзо́рович Царна́ев; Царнаев Анзор-кIант Тамерлан Carnayev Anzor-khant Tamerlan was a Russian-Kyrgyz terrorist of Chechen descent who, with his brother Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, planted bombs at the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013.

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Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363

Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight, operated by Tatarstan Airlines on behalf of Ak Bars Aero, from Moscow to Kazan, Russia.

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe (sometimes abbreviated as The Globe) is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts, since its creation by Charles H. Taylor in 1872.

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Scotsman

The Scotsman is a Scottish compact newspaper and daily news website headquartered in Edinburgh.

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Thomas C. Südhof

Thomas Christian Südhof (born December 22, 1955) is a German-American biochemist known for his study of synaptic transmission.

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Three Studies of Lucian Freud

Three Studies of Lucian Freud is a 1969 oil-on-canvas triptych by the Irish-born British painter Francis Bacon, depicting artist Lucian Freud.

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Tokyo

, officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and has been the capital since 1869.

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Tom Clancy

Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. (April 12, 1947 – October 1, 2013) was an American novelist best known for his technically detailed espionage and military-science storylines set during and after the Cold War.

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Tommy Morrison

Tommy David Morrison (January 2, 1969 – September 1, 2013) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1988 to 1996, and held the WBO heavyweight title in 1993.

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Tony Abbott

Anthony John Abbott (born 4 November 1957) is an Australian politician who served as the 28th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 2013 to 2015.

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Tony Sheridan

Tony Sheridan (born Anthony Esmond Sheridan McGinnity; 21 May 1940 – 16 February 2013) was an English rock and roll singer-songwriter and guitarist.

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Trade barrier

Trade barriers are government-induced restrictions on international trade.

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Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.

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Tunguska event

The Tunguska event was a large explosion that occurred near the Stony Tunguska River in Yeniseysk Governorate (now Krasnoyarsk Krai), Russia, on the morning of 30 June 1908 (NS).

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Typhoon Haiyan

Typhoon Haiyan, known as Super Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines, was one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded.

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Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (UNCCD) is a Convention to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements.

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United Nations Environment Programme

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is an agency of United Nations and coordinates its environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices.

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United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée Générale AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), the only one in which all member nations have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-making and representative organ of the UN.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States dollar

The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.

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Van Cliburn

Harvey Lavan "Van" Cliburn Jr. (July 12, 1934February 27, 2013) was an American pianist who, at the age of 23, achieved worldwide recognition when he won the inaugural International Tchaikovsky Piano Competition in Moscow in 1958 (during the Cold War).

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Võ Nguyên Giáp

Võ Nguyên Giáp (25 August 1911 – 4 October 2013) was a Vietnamese general in the Vietnam People's Army and a politician.

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Vernon Shaw

Vernon Lorden Shaw (13 May 1930 – 2 December 2013) was the fifth President of Dominica, in office from 1998 to 2003.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Viktor Yanukovych

Viktor Fedorovych Yanukovych (Ві́ктор Фе́дорович Януко́вич,; born 9 July 1950) is a Ukrainian politician who was elected as the fourth President of Ukraine on 7 February 2010.

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Walt Bellamy

Walter Jones Bellamy (July 24, 1939 – November 2, 2013) was an American professional basketball player.

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Walter De Maria

Walter Joseph De MariaRoberta Smith (July 26, 2013), New York Times.

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Westgate shopping mall attack

On Saturday 21 September 2013, unidentified gunmen attacked Westgate shopping mall, an upscale mall in Nairobi, Kenya.

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Westgate, Nairobi

Westgate Shopping Mall (also known as Westgate) is an upscale shopping mall located in the Westlands division of Nairobi, Kenya.

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Wilfried Martens

Wilfried Achiel Emma Martens (19 April 1936 – 9 October 2013) was a Flemish Belgian politician.

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Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands

Willem-Alexander (born Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand, 27 April 1967) is the King of the Netherlands, having ascended the throne following his mother's abdication in 2013.

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Wojciech Kilar

Wojciech Kilar (17 July 1932 – 29 December 2013) was a Polish classical and film music composer.

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Wolfgang Sawallisch

Wolfgang Sawallisch (26 August 1923 – 22 February 2013) was a German conductor and pianist.

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Woolwich

Woolwich is a district of south-east London, England, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich.

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World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.

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World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2013

The Ninth World Trade Organisation Ministerial Conference was held in Bali, Indonesia from 3 to 7 December 2013.

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Yoram Kaniuk

Yoram Kaniuk (יורם קניוק; May 2, 1930 – June 8, 2013) was an Israeli writer, painter, journalist, and theater critic.

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Yury Yakovlev

Yuri Vasilyevich Yakovlev (Ю́рий Васи́льевич Я́ковлев; 25 April 1928 – 30 November 2013) was one of the most popular and critically acclaimed Soviet film and theatre actors.

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Yusef Lateef

Yusef Abdul Lateef (born William Emanuel Huddleston; October 9, 1920 – December 23, 2013) was an American jazz multi-instrumentalist, composer and prominent figure among the Ahmadiyya Community in America, in 1950.

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Yutu (rover)

Yutu is an unmanned lunar rover that formed part of the Chinese Chang'e 3 mission to the Moon.

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Zillur Rahman

Mohammed Zillur Rahman (মোঃ জিল্লুর রহমান; 9 March 1929 – 20 March 2013) was the 19th President of Bangladesh from 2008 to 2013.

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1294

Year 1294 (MCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1415

Year 1415 (MCDXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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1910

No description.

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1911

A highlight was the race for the South Pole.

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1912

No description.

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1913

No description.

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1914

This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after an heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist.

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1915

Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.

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1916

Below, the events of the First World War have the "WWI" prefix.

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1917

This year was famous for the October Revolution in Russia, by Vladimir Lenin.

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1918

This year is famous for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the flu pandemic, that killed 50-100 million people worldwide.

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1919

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1920

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1921

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1922

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1923

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1924

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1925

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1926

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1927

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1928

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1929

This year marked the end of a period known in American history as the Roaring Twenties after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 ushered in a worldwide Great Depression.

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1930

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1931

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1932

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1933

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1934

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1935

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1936

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1937

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1938

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1939

This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history.

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1940

Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

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1941

Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" acronym.

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1942

Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

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1943

Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

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1944

Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.

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1945

This year also marks the end of the Second World War, the deadliest conflict in human history.

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1946

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1947

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1948

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1950

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1952

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1954

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1957

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1960

It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism.

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1961

As MAD Magazine pointed out on its cover for the March 1961 issue, this was the first "upside-up" year — i.e., one in which the numerals that form the year look the same as when the numerals are rotated upside down, a strobogrammatic number — since 1881.

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1963

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1964

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1968

This was the year of the Protests of 1968.

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1969

The year is associated with the first manned landing on the Moon (Apollo 11).

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1973

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1979

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1980

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1982

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1983

The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.

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1984

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1986

The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations.

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1988

In the 20th century, the year 1988 has the most Roman numeral digits (11).

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1989

1989 was a turning point in political history because a wave of revolutions swept the Eastern Bloc in Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power sharing, coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin Wall in November, and the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, embracing the overthrow of the communist dictatorship in Romania in December, and ending in December 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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2010s

The 2010s (pronounced "twenty-tens" or "two thousand (and) tens").

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2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis

The 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis was an economic crisis in the Republic of Cyprus that involved the exposure of Cypriot banks to overleveraged local property companies, the Greek government-debt crisis, the downgrading of the Cypriot government's bond credit rating to junk status by international credit rating agencies, the consequential inability to refund its state expenses from the international markets and the reluctance of the government to restructure the troubled Cypriot financial sector.

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2012–13 Egyptian protests

The 2012–13 Egyptian protests were part of a large scale popular uprising in Egypt against then-President Mohamed Morsi.

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2013 Egyptian coup d'état

On 3 July 2013, Egyptian army chief General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi led a coalition to remove the President of Egypt, Mohamed Morsi, from power and suspended the Egyptian constitution.

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2013 El Reno tornado

The 2013 El Reno tornado was a very large EF3 tornado that occurred over rural areas of Central Oklahoma during the early evening of May 31, 2013.

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2013 North Korean nuclear test

On 12 February 2013, North Korean state media announced it had conducted an underground nuclear test, its third in seven years.

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2013 Savar building collapse

The 2013 Savar building collapse or Rana Plaza collapse was a structural failure that occurred on 24 April 2013 in the Savar Upazila of Dhaka District, Bangladesh, where a five-story commercial building named Rana Plaza collapsed.

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2020 Summer Olympics

The 2020 Summer Olympics, officially known as the and commonly known as Tokyo 2020, is a forthcoming international multi-sport event that is scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020.

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21st century

The 21st century is the current century of the Anno Domini era or Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.

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367943 Duende

367943 Duende, provisional designation, is a micro-asteroid and a near-Earth object of the Aten and Atira group, approximately in diameter.

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3D printing

3D printing is any of various processes in which material is joined or solidified under computer control to create a three-dimensional object, with material being added together (such as liquid molecules or powder grains being fused together).

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3rd millennium

In contemporary history, the third millennium is a period of time that started on January 1, 2001, and will end on December 31, 3000 of the Gregorian calendar.

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Redirects here:

1 August 2013, 1 January 2013, 1 March 2013, 12 June 2013, 20 October 2013, 2013 (year), 2013 A.D., 2013 AD, 2013 CE, 22 July 2013, 23 July 2013, 24 July 2013, 25 July 2013, 26 July 2013, 27 July 2013, 28 July 2013, 29 July 2013, 30 July 2013, 30 November 2013, 31 July 2013, 5 December 2013, AD 2013, April 2013, August 1, 2013, August 2013, Births in 2013, December 2013, December 5, 2013, Events in 2013, February 2013, January 1, 2013, January 2013, July 2013, July 22, 2013, July 23, 2013, July 24, 2013, July 25, 2013, July 26, 2013, July 27, 2013, July 28, 2013, July 29, 2013, July 30, 2013, July 31, 2013, June 12, 2013, June 2013, MMXIII, March 1, 2013, March 2013, May 2013, November 2013, November 30, 2013, Oct 2013, October 20, 2013, October 2013, September 2013, Year 2013.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013

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