48 relations: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase, Alpha helix, Amino acid, APOBEC, APOBEC1, Beta sheet, Catalysis, CD4, Cofactor (biochemistry), Complementary DNA, Cytidine deaminase, Deoxycytidine, Deoxyuridine, DNA, Enzyme, Escherichia coli, Gene, Genetic diversity, HIV, Human foamy virus, Hydroxy group, Immunity (medical), Lentivirus, Long terminal repeat, Macrophage, Management of HIV/AIDS, Monomer, Nucleophile, Oligomer, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Primer binding site, Protein, Protein dimer, Protein trimer, Provirus, Pyrimidine, Retrovirus, Reverse transcriptase, RNA, SMUG1, T cell, Tetrameric protein, Transfer RNA, Ubiquitin, Uracil-DNA glycosylase, Viral infectivity factor, Virus, Zinc.
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase, also known as AICDA and AID, is a 24 kDa enzyme which in humans is encoded by the AICDA gene.
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Alpha helix
The alpha helix (α-helix) is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is a righthand-spiral conformation (i.e. helix) in which every backbone N−H group donates a hydrogen bond to the backbone C.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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APOBEC
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APOBEC1
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1 also known as C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC1 gene.
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Beta sheet
The β-sheet (also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of regular secondary structure in proteins.
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Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.
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CD4
In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
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Cofactor (biochemistry)
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's activity.
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Complementary DNA
In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA synthesized from a single stranded RNA (e.g., messenger RNA (mRNA) or microRNA) template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
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Cytidine deaminase
Cytidine deaminase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDA gene.
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Deoxycytidine
Deoxycytidine is a deoxyribonucleoside, a component of deoxyribonucleic acid.
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Deoxyuridine
Deoxyuridine (dU) is a compound and a nucleoside.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Genetic diversity
Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.
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HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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Human foamy virus
Human foamy virus (HFV) is a retrovirus and specifically belongs to the genus Spumavirus.
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Hydroxy group
A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH.
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Immunity (medical)
In biology, immunity is the balanced state of multicellular organisms having adequate biological defenses to fight infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion, while having adequate tolerance to avoid allergy, and autoimmune diseases.
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Lentivirus
Lentivirus (lente-, Latin for "slow") is a genus of retroviruses that cause chronic and deadly diseases characterized by long incubation periods, in the human and other mammalian species.
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Long terminal repeat
Long terminal repeats (LTRs) are identical sequences of DNA that repeat hundreds or thousands of times found at either end of retrotransposons or proviral DNA formed by reverse transcription of retroviral RNA.
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Macrophage
Macrophages (big eaters, from Greek μακρός (makrós).
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Management of HIV/AIDS
The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs in an attempt to control HIV infection.
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Monomer
A monomer (mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that "can undergo polymerization thereby contributing constitutional units to the essential structure of a macromolecule".
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Nucleophile
Nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction.
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Oligomer
An oligomer (oligo-, "a few" + -mer, "parts") is a molecular complex of chemicals that consists of a few monomer units, in contrast to a polymer, where the number of monomers is, in principle, infinite.
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Peripheral blood mononuclear cell
A peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) is any peripheral blood cell having a round nucleus.
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Primer binding site
A primer binding site is a region of a nucleotide sequence where an RNA or DNA single-stranded primer binds to start replication.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein dimer
In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound.
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Protein trimer
In biochemistry, a protein trimer is a macromolecular complex formed by three, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules like proteins or nucleic acids.
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Provirus
A provirus is a virus genome that is integrated into the DNA of a host cell.
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Pyrimidine
Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine.
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Retrovirus
A retrovirus is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a DNA intermediate and, as an obligate parasite, targets a host cell.
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Reverse transcriptase
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription.
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
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SMUG1
Single-strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SMUG1 gene.
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T cell
A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
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Tetrameric protein
A tetrameric protein is a protein with a quaternary structure of four subunits (tetrameric).
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Transfer RNA
A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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Ubiquitin
Ubiquitin is a small (8.5 kDa) regulatory protein found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms, i.e. it occurs ''ubiquitously''.
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Uracil-DNA glycosylase
Uracil-DNA glycosylase, also known as UNG or UDG, is an enzyme.
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Viral infectivity factor
Viral infectivity factor, or Vif, is a protein found in HIV and other retroviruses.
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Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APOBEC3G