United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, 2011

The United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum, also known as the UK-wide referendum on the Parliamentary voting system was held on Thursday 5 May 2011 (the same date as local elections in many areas) in the United Kingdom (UK) to choose the method of electing MPs at subsequent general elections as part of the Conservative – Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement drawn up after the 2010 general election which had resulted in the first hung parliament since February 1974 and also indirectly in the aftermath of the 2009 expenses scandal under the provisions of the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and was the first national referendum to be held under provisions laid out in the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000. ^[1]

349 relations: Academy Award for Best Picture, Adrian Ramsay, Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom), Alan Johnson, Alan Parker, Alan Smith (bishop), Alan Wilson (bishop), Alex Salmond, Alexandra Shulman, Alistair Darling, Alliance for Workers' Liberty, Alliance Party of Northern Ireland, Alternative Vote Plus, Alun Michael, Andrew Adonis, Baron Adonis, Andrew Boff, Andrew Roberts (historian), Andy Burnham, Ann Clwyd, Anthony Giddens, Approval voting, Art Malik, Austin Mitchell, Ballot, Ben Bradshaw, Benjamin Zephaniah, Beverley Hughes, Billy Bragg, Billy Hayes (trade unionist), Bonnie Greer, British National Party, British nationality law, British Overseas Territories, British Summer Time, By-elections to the House of Lords, Camden New Journal, Caroline Flint, Caroline Lucas, Carwyn Jones, Channel 4, Channel 4 News, Charlie Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton, Charlotte Leslie, Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Chris Addison, Chris Huhne, Chris Skidmore, Christian Party (UK), Christian Peoples Alliance, Colin Buchanan (bishop), ..., Colin Firth, Commonwealth citizen, Communication Workers Union (United Kingdom), Communist Party of Britain, Compass (think tank), Conor Burns, Conservative Party (UK), Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement, Constitutional Reform Act 2005, Contingent vote, Daily Express, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, Dan Hodges, Danny Alexander, Darren Gough, David Atkinson (bishop), David Blunkett, David Cameron, David Gower, David Held, David Mitchell (comedian), David Owen, David Schneider (actor), David Starkey, Debbie Abrahams, Democratic Unionist Party, Dennis Skinner, Diane Abbott, Dick Cole (politician), Digital object identifier, Dissolution of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, Districts of England, Docklands & East London Advertiser, Douglas Alexander, East Midlands, East of England, Ed Balls, Ed Miliband, Eddie Izzard, Ekklesia (think tank), Electoral Commission (United Kingdom), Electoral Reform Society, Electoral roll, Electoral system of Australia, Electoral system of Fiji, Elizabeth II, England, English Democrats, Esther Rantzen, European Union, ExCeL London, Exhaustive ballot, Financial Times, First-past-the-post voting, Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, Francesca Martinez, Frank Williams (Formula One), Friends of the Earth, George Eustice, George Osborne, Gerald Kaufman, Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem, Gillian Slovo, Ginger group, Glenys Kinnock, Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead, GMB (trade union), Gordon Brown, Greater London, Green Party in Northern Ireland, Green Party of England and Wales, Greenpeace, Greg Dyke, Hazel Blears, Helen Margetts, Helena Bonham Carter, Helena Kennedy, Baroness Kennedy of The Shaws, Hilary Benn, Hilary Wainwright, Honor Blackman, House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Lords, House of Lords Act 1999, Hung parliament, Iain Gray, Ian Davidson (British politician), Independence of clones criterion, Independent politician, Instant-runoff voting, Instant-runoff voting in the United States, Institute for Public Policy Research, Ipsos MORI, Irish nationality law, Irish presidential election, Isabel Hilton, Jacqueline Rose, James Cracknell, James Palumbo, Baron Palumbo of Southwark, Janet Todd, Jay Griffiths, Jeff Rooker, Jenkins Commission (UK), Jenny Watson, Jim Fitzpatrick (politician), Joan Bakewell, Joanna Lumley, John Cleese, John Denham (politician), John Healey (politician), John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness, John O'Farrell (author), John Packer, John Prescott, John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan, John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover, Jonathan Bartley, Josie Long, Julia Neuberger, Justin de Villeneuve, Keith Vaz, Ken Livingstone, Kenneth Clarke, Kevin Maguire (journalist), Kriss Akabusi, Kwasi Kwarteng, Labour Party (UK), Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 2010, Liam Byrne, Liberal Democrats (UK), Liberal Party (UK, 1989), Libertarian Party (UK), Lindsay Hoyle, List of British governments, List of United Kingdom general elections, List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies, London Borough of Camden, London School of Economics, Lord Speaker, Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge, Majority, Margaret Beckett, Margaret Hodge, Margaret Ritchie (politician), Martin Bell, Martyn Jarrett, Mayor of London, Mebyon Kernow, Meg Hillier, Melvyn Bragg, Member of the Scottish Parliament, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, Michael Cashman, Michael Farmer, Lord Farmer, Michael Gove, Michael Langrish, Michael Perham, Michael Portillo, Ministry of Sound, Monotonicity criterion, Morning Star (British newspaper), Mutual majority criterion, Naomi Alderman, National Assembly for Wales, National Assembly for Wales constituencies and electoral regions, National Assembly for Wales election, 2011, National Parliament of Papua New Guinea, Neil Kinnock, New Economics Foundation, Newcastle University, Newsnight, Niall Ferguson, Nick Clegg, Nigel Farage, Nigel Stock (bishop), North East England, North West England, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Assembly election, 2011, NOtoAV, Official Monster Raving Loony Party, One man, one vote, Oona King, Parliamentary ping-pong, Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011, Patrick Dunleavy, Paul Boateng, Paul Goggins, Peter Cruddas, Peter Dawes, Peter Hain, Peter Mandelson, Peter Stringfellow, Philip Hammond, Philip Harris, Baron Harris of Peckham, Pirate Party UK, Plaid Cymru, Plant Commission, Policy Exchange, Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, Polly Toynbee, Primary election, Priti Patel, Proportional representation, Public consultation, Ranked voting, Recall election, Red Pepper (magazine), Referendum, Representation of the People Act 1983, Respect Party, ResPublica, Richard Wilson (Scottish actor), Robert Edmiston, Robert Winston, Ross Kemp, Rowntree trusts, Roy Hattersley, Roy Jenkins, Royal assent, Sadiq Khan, Sally Bercow, Sam Gyimah, Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi, Scotland, Scottish Green Party, Scottish local elections, 2007, Scottish National Party, Scottish Parliament, Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions from 2011, Scottish Parliament election, 2007, Scottish Parliament election, 2011, Simon Darby, Simon Sebag Montefiore, Single transferable vote, Sinn Féin, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Socialist Party (England and Wales), Socialist Party of Great Britain, Solidarity (newspaper), South East England, South West England, Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom), Speech from the throne, Stanley Fink, Baron Fink, Stephen Fry, Steve Coogan, Steven Norris, Students' union, Tactical voting, Take Back Parliament, Tamsin Omond, Tessa Jowell, The Constitution Society, The Daily Telegraph, The Economist, The Guardian, The Independent, The Royal British Legion, The Sun (United Kingdom), The Times, Theresa May, Thom Brooks, Timothy Gowers, Tony Benn, Tony Lloyd, Tony Robinson, Traditional Unionist Voice, Two-round system, UK Independence Party, Ulster Unionist Party, United Kingdom, United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum, 1975, United Kingdom general election, 2010, United Kingdom general election, 2015, United Kingdom general election, February 1974, United Kingdom general elections overview, United Kingdom local elections, 2011, United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal, University constituency, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, University of Sheffield, University of Stirling, Unlock Democracy, Vernon Bogdanor, Vivienne Westwood, Vogue (British magazine), Wales, Welsh devolution referendum, 2011, Welsh language, Wendy Savage, West Midlands (region), Whip (politics), William Hague, William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, YES! To Fairer Votes, Yorkshire and the Humber, Young Labour (United Kingdom). Expand index (299 more) » « Shrink index

Academy Award for Best Picture

The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards presented annually since the awards debuted in 1929, by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).

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Adrian Ramsay

Adrian Philip Ramsay (born 1982) is the Chief Executive of the Centre for Alternative Technology.

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Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)

The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) is the self-regulatory organisation of the advertising industry in the United Kingdom.

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Alan Johnson

Alan Arthur Johnson (born 17 May 1950) is a British Labour Party politician who served as Home Secretary from June 2009 to May 2010.

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Alan Parker

Sir Alan William Parker (born 14 February 1944) is an English film director, producer and screenwriter.

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Alan Smith (bishop)

Alan Gregory Clayton Smith (born 14 February 1957) is a British Anglican bishop.

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Alan Wilson (bishop)

Alan Thomas Lawrence Wilson (born 27 March 1955) is a British Anglican bishop.

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Alex Salmond

Alexander Elliot Anderson Salmond (born 31 December 1954) is a Scottish politician who served as the First Minister of Scotland from 2007 to 2014.

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Alexandra Shulman

Alexandra Shulman CBE (born 13 November 1957), is a British journalist.

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Alistair Darling

Alistair Maclean Darling, Baron Darling of Roulanish, (born 28 November 1953) is a Labour Party politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Labour Government from 2007-2010 and as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1987 until he stepped down in 2015, most recently for Edinburgh South West.

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Alliance for Workers' Liberty

The Alliance for Workers' Liberty (AWL), also known as Workers' Liberty, is a Trotskyist group in Britain.

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Alliance Party of Northern Ireland

The Alliance Party of Northern Ireland (APNI) is a liberal and centrist political party in Northern Ireland.

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Alternative Vote Plus

The Alternative Vote Plus (AV+), or Alternative Vote Top-up, is a semi-proportional voting system.

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Alun Michael

Alun Edward Michael, (born 22 August 1943) is a British Labour and Co-operative politician who is the South Wales Police and Crime Commissioner.

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Andrew Adonis, Baron Adonis

Andrew Adonis, Baron Adonis (born Andreas Adonis, 22 February 1963) is a British Labour Party politician, academic and journalist who served in the Labour Government for five years.

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Andrew Boff

Andrew Boff is a British politician and a Conservative member of the London Assembly, elected in the 2008 election.

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Andrew Roberts (historian)

Andrew Roberts (born 13 January 1963) is a British historian and journalist.

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Andy Burnham

Andrew Murray Burnham (born 7 January 1970) is a British Labour politician who has been serving as the Mayor of Greater Manchester since May 2017.

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Ann Clwyd

Ann Clwyd Roberts (born 21 March 1937) is a Welsh Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cynon Valley since 1984.

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Anthony Giddens

Anthony Giddens, Baron Giddens (born 18 January 1938) is a British sociologist who is known for his theory of structuration and his holistic view of modern societies.

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Approval voting

Approval voting is a single-winner electoral system where each voter may select ("approve") any number of candidates.

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Art Malik

Athar ul-Haque Malik (born 13 November 1952), known professionally as Art Malik, is a Pakistani-born British actor who achieved international fame in the 1980s through his starring and subsidiary roles in assorted British and Merchant Ivory television serials and films.

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Austin Mitchell

Austin Vernon Mitchell (born 19 September 1934) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament for Great Grimsby from a 1977 by-election to 2015.

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Ballot

A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election, and may be a piece of paper or a small ball used in secret voting.

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Ben Bradshaw

Benjamin Peter James Bradshaw (born 30 August 1960) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Exeter since 1997 and was the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport from 2009 to 2010.

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Benjamin Zephaniah

Benjamin Obadiah Iqbal Zephaniah (born 15 April 1958)Gregory, Andy (2002), International Who's Who in Popular Music 2002, Europa, p. 562.

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Beverley Hughes

Beverley June Hughes, Baroness Hughes of Stretford PC (born 30 March 1950) is a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Stretford and Urmston from 1997 to 2010.

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Billy Bragg

Stephen William "Billy" Bragg (born 20 December 1957) is an English singer-songwriter and left-wing political activist.

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Billy Hayes (trade unionist)

William Hayes (born 8 June 1953) is the former leader of the Communication Workers' Union (CWU) in the United Kingdom.

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Bonnie Greer

Bonnie Greer, OBE (born 16 November 1948) is an American-British playwright, novelist, critic and broadcaster, who has lived in the UK since 1986.

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British National Party

The British National Party (BNP) is a far-right and fascist political party in the United Kingdom.

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British nationality law

British nationality law is the law of the United Kingdom which concerns citizenship and other categories of British nationality.

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British Overseas Territories

The British Overseas Territories (BOT) or United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are 14 territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom.

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British Summer Time

During British Summer Time (BST), civil time in the United Kingdom is advanced one hour forward of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) (in effect, changing the time zone from UTC+0 to UTC+1), so that evenings have more daylight and mornings have less.

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By-elections to the House of Lords

Following the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, the number of hereditary peers entitled to sit in the House of Lords was reduced to ninety-two.

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Camden New Journal

The Camden New Journal is a free, independent newspaper that covers the London Borough of Camden.

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Caroline Flint

Caroline Louise Flint (born 20 September 1961) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Don Valley since 1997.

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Caroline Lucas

Caroline Patricia Lucas (born 9 December 1960) is a British politician, and since 2 September 2016, Co-Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales, with Jonathan Bartley.

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Carwyn Jones

Carwyn Howell Jones (born 21 March 1967) is a Welsh politician, currently First Minister of Wales.

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Channel 4

Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982.

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Channel 4 News

Channel 4 News is the main news programme on British television broadcaster Channel 4.

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Charlie Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton

Charles Leslie Falconer, Baron Falconer of Thoroton, PC, QC, (born 19 November 1951) is a British Labour peer and barrister.

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Charlotte Leslie

Charlotte Leslie (born 11 August 1978 in Liverpool) is a British Conservative Party politician who is the current Director of the Conservative Middle East Council.

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Chief Secretary to the Treasury

The Chief Secretary to the Treasury is the second most senior ministerial position in HM Treasury, after the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

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Chris Addison

Christopher David Addison (born 5 November 1971) is an English comedian, writer, actor and director from Manchester.

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Chris Huhne

Christopher Murray Paul-Huhne (born 2 July 1954), known as Chris Huhne, is an energy and climate change consultant and formerly a British journalist and politician who was the Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for Eastleigh from 2005 to 2013 and the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change from 2010 to 2012.

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Chris Skidmore

Christopher James Skidmore, (born 17 May 1981) is a British politician, author, and historian.

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Christian Party (UK)

The Christian Party, which includes the Scottish Christian Party and the Welsh Christian Party, is a minor political party in Great Britain.

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Christian Peoples Alliance

The Christian Peoples Alliance, CPA is a Christian democratic political party in the United Kingdom.

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Colin Buchanan (bishop)

Colin Ogilvie Buchanan (born 8 August 1934) is a British retired Anglican bishop and academic who specialised in liturgy.

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Colin Firth

Colin Andrew Firth, (born 10 September 1960), is an English actor who has received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, two BAFTA Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, as well as the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival.

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Commonwealth citizen

In general, a Commonwealth citizen is a citizen of a member state of the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Communication Workers Union (United Kingdom)

The Communication Workers Union (CWU) is the main trade union in the United Kingdom for people working for telephone, cable, DSL and postal delivery companies.

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Communist Party of Britain

The Communist Party of Britain is a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party organised in Great Britain and since 2012 has been the sole British representative at the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties.

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Compass (think tank)

Compass is a British centre-left pressure group, aligned with the Labour Party which describes itself as: "'An umbrella grouping of the progressive left whose sum is greater than its parts".

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Conor Burns

Conor Burns (born 24 September 1972) is a British Conservative Party politician.

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Conservative Party (UK)

The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom.

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Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement

The Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement (officially known as The Coalition: Our Programme for Government) was a policy document drawn up following the 2010 general election in the United Kingdom.

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Constitutional Reform Act 2005

The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (c. 4) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Contingent vote

The contingent vote is an electoral system used to elect a single winner, in which the voter ranks the candidates in order of preference.

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Daily Express

The Daily Express is a daily national middle market tabloid newspaper in the United Kingdom.

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Daily Mail

The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-marketPeter Wilby, New Statesman, 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) tabloid newspaper owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust and published in London.

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Daily Mirror

The Daily Mirror is a British national daily tabloid newspaper founded in 1903.

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Dan Hodges

Daniel Pearce Jackson Hodges (born 7 March 1969) is a British newspaper columnist.

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Danny Alexander

Sir Daniel Grian Alexander (born 15 May 1972) is a Scottish former Liberal Democrat politician who was Chief Secretary to the Treasury between 2010 and 2015.

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Darren Gough

Darren Gough (born 18 September 1970) is a retired English cricketer and former captain of Yorkshire County Cricket Club.

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David Atkinson (bishop)

David John Atkinson (born 5 September 1943) is the former Bishop of Thetford.

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David Blunkett

David Blunkett, Baron Blunkett, (born 6 June 1947) is a former British politician, having represented the Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough constituency for 28 years through to 7 May 2015 when he stepped down at the general election.

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David Cameron

David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016.

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David Gower

David Ivon Gower OBE (born 1 April 1957) is a former English cricketer who became the captain of the England cricket team during the 1980s.

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David Held

David Held (born 1951) is a British political scientist specialising in political theory and international relations.

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David Mitchell (comedian)

David James Stuart Mitchell (born 14 July 1974) is a British comedian, actor, writer and television presenter.

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David Owen

David Anthony Llewellyn Owen, Baron Owen, (born 2 July 1938) is a British politician and physician.

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David Schneider (actor)

David Schneider (born 22 May 1963) is an English actor, comedian and director.

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David Starkey

David Robert StarkeyStarkey had his middle name in 1986 when he stood for election but it was not mentioned when he was awarded his CBE in 2007.

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Debbie Abrahams

Deborah Angela Elspeth Marie Abrahams (Morgan; born 15 September 1960) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Oldham East and Saddleworth constituency since a by-election in January 2011.

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Democratic Unionist Party

The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland.

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Dennis Skinner

Dennis Edward Skinner (born 11 February 1932) is a British politician of the Labour Party serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bolsover since 1970.

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Diane Abbott

Diane Julie Abbott (born 27 September 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who was appointed Shadow Home Secretary in October 2016.

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Dick Cole (politician)

Richard "Dick" Cole (born 6 April 1968) is a Cornish politician, currently serving as an elected member of Cornwall Council and the leader of the Cornish devolutionist political party, Mebyon Kernow, a role he has held since 1997.

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Digital object identifier

In computing, a Digital Object Identifier or DOI is a persistent identifier or handle used to uniquely identify objects, standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

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Dissolution of the Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom is dissolved 25 working days before a polling day as determined by the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011.

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Districts of England

The districts of England (also known as local authority districts or local government districts to distinguish from unofficial city districts) are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government.

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Docklands & East London Advertiser

The Docklands & East London Advertiser is a weekly local newspaper in east London, England covering primarily the borough of Tower Hamlets.

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Douglas Alexander

Douglas Garven Alexander (born 26 October 1967) is a British Labour Party politician who served in the Cabinet from 2006 to 2010 under Prime Ministers Tony Blair and Gordon Brown in the roles of Secretary of State for Scotland, Secretary of State for Transport and Secretary of State for International Development.

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East Midlands

The East Midlands is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.

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East of England

The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.

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Ed Balls

Edward Michael Balls (born 25 February 1967) is a retired British Labour and Co-operative politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Normanton from 2005 to 2010 and for Morley and Outwood from 2010 to 2015, when he lost his seat to Andrea Jenkyns of the Conservative Party.

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Ed Miliband

Edward Samuel Miliband (born 24 December 1969) is a British politician who was Leader of the Labour Party as well as Leader of the Opposition between 2010 and 2015.

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Eddie Izzard

Edward John Izzard (born 7 February 1962) is an English stand-up comedian, actor, writer and political activist.

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Ekklesia (think tank)

Ekklesia is an independent, not-for-profit British think tank which examines the role of religion in public life and advocates transformative theological ideas and solutions.

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Electoral Commission (United Kingdom)

The Electoral Commission is an independent body set up by the UK Parliament.

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Electoral Reform Society

The Electoral Reform Society (ERS) is a political pressure group based in the United Kingdom which promotes electoral reform.

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Electoral roll

The electoral roll (also called an electoral register or poll book) is a list of persons who are eligible to vote in a particular electoral district and who are registered to vote, if required in a particular jurisdiction.

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Electoral system of Australia

The Australian electoral system comprises the laws and processes used for the election of members of the Australian Parliament.

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Electoral system of Fiji

Fiji's electoral system is the result of complex negotiations, compromises, and experiments conducted over the years leading up to and following independence from British colonial rule in 1970.

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Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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English Democrats

The English Democrats is an English nationalist political party in England. In its 2016 manifesto, the party proposed a devolved English Parliament, instead of its 2014 suggestion that England should become an independent country. It presents itself as an English equivalent to the Scottish National Party, though the Scottish National Party is generally considered to be a centre-left party, whereas the English Democrats are on the right of the political spectrum. The English Democrats have welcomed defectors from the far-right British National Party into leadership roles and former members of the party have criticised informal links with other far-right organisations, though party leader Robin Tilbrook has stated that party members are expected to pledge their opposition to racism. The party has had limited electoral success and has been regarded by some as a fringe party. At the English local elections in June 2009, the party's candidate Peter Davies won the mayoral election for the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. However, he announced his resignation from the party on 5 February 2013.

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Esther Rantzen

Dame Esther Louise Rantzen (born 22 June 1940) is an English journalist and television presenter, best known for presenting the hit BBC television series That's Life! for 21 years, from 1973 until 1994.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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ExCeL London

ExCeL (Exhibition Centre London) is an exhibitions and international convention centre in Custom House, East London.

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Exhaustive ballot

The exhaustive ballot is a voting system used to elect a single winner.

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Financial Times

The Financial Times (FT) is a Japanese-owned (since 2015), English-language international daily newspaper headquartered in London, with a special emphasis on business and economic news.

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First-past-the-post voting

A first-past-the-post (FPTP) voting method is one in which voters indicate on a ballot the candidate of their choice, and the candidate who receives the most votes wins.

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Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011

The Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 (c. 14) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that received Royal Assent on 15 September 2011, introducing fixed-term elections to the Westminster parliament for the first time.

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Francesca Martinez

Francesca Martinez (born 1978) is an English comedian, writer and actress, born in London to a Spanish father and half-Swedish, half-English mother.

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Frank Williams (Formula One)

Sir Francis Owen Garbett Williams (born 16 April 1942) is a British businessman and former driver and mechanic.

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Friends of the Earth

Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) is an international network of environmental organizations in 74 countries.

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George Eustice

Charles George Eustice (born 28 September 1971), known as George Eustice, is a British Conservative Party politician, who was first elected at the 2010 general election as the Member of Parliament for Camborne and Redruth, winning by just 66 votes.

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George Osborne

George Gideon Oliver Osborne (born 23 May 1971) is a British Conservative Party politician, who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Tatton from June 2001 until he stood down on 3 May 2017.

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Gerald Kaufman

Sir Gerald Bernard Kaufman (21 June 1930 – 26 February 2017) was a British Labour politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 until his death in 2017, first for Manchester Ardwick and then for Manchester Gorton.

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Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem

In social choice theory, the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem is a result published independently by philosopher Allan Gibbard in 1973 and economist Mark Satterthwaite in 1975.

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Gillian Slovo

Gillian Slovo (born 15 March 1952) is a South African-born novelist, playwright and memoirist.

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Ginger group

A ginger group is a formal or informal group within an organisation seeking to influence its direction and activity.

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Glenys Kinnock, Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead

Glenys Elizabeth Kinnock, Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead (née Parry; born 7 July 1944) is a British politician and former teacher.

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GMB (trade union)

The GMB is a general trade union in the United Kingdom which has more than 631,000 members.

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Gordon Brown

James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010.

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Greater London

Greater London is a region of England which forms the administrative boundaries of London, as well as a county for the purposes of the lieutenancies.

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Green Party in Northern Ireland

The Green Party in Northern Ireland is a green party in Northern Ireland which works in co-operation with green parties across Britain and Ireland, Europe and globally.

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Green Party of England and Wales

The Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW; Plaid Werdd Cymru a Lloegr) is a green, left-wing political party in England and Wales.

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Greenpeace

Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization with offices in over 39 countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

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Greg Dyke

Gregory Dyke (born 20 May 1947) is a British media executive, football administrator, journalist and broadcaster.

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Hazel Blears

Hazel Anne Blears (born 14 May 1956) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Salford and Eccles from 2010 to 2015, when she stood down.

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Helen Margetts

Helen Zerlina Margetts (born 15 September 1961), is Director of the Oxford Internet Institute (OII) and Professor of Internet and Society at the University of Oxford.

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Helena Bonham Carter

Helena Bonham Carter (born 26 May 1966) is an English actress best known for her roles in low-budget arthouse and independent films to large-scale Hollywood productions.

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Helena Kennedy, Baroness Kennedy of The Shaws

Helena Ann Kennedy, Baroness Kennedy of The Shaws, QC, FRSA, HonFRSE (born 12 May 1950) is a British barrister, broadcaster, and Labour member of the House of Lords.

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Hilary Benn

Hilary James Wedgwood Benn (born 26 November 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Leeds Central since the by-election in 1999.

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Hilary Wainwright

Hilary Wainwright (born 1949) is a British sociologist, political activist and socialist feminist, best known for being editor of Red Pepper magazine.

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Honor Blackman

Honor Blackman (born 22 August 1925)Ancestry.com.

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House of Commons of the United Kingdom

The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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House of Lords

The House of Lords of the United Kingdom, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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House of Lords Act 1999

The House of Lords Act 1999 (c. 34) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that was given Royal Assent on 11 November 1999.

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Hung parliament

A hung parliament is a term used in legislatures under the Westminster system to describe a situation in which no particular political party or pre-existing coalition (also known as an alliance or bloc) has an absolute majority of legislators (commonly known as members or seats) in a parliament or other legislature.

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Iain Gray

Iain Cumming Gray (born 7 June 1957) is a Scottish politician, currently a Labour Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the East Lothian constituency.

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Ian Davidson (British politician)

Ian Graham Davidson (born 8 September 1950) is a Scottish Labour Co-operative politician, who was a Member of Parliament for successive Glasgow seats from 1992 until 2015; from 2005 to 2015 he represented Glasgow South West.

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Independence of clones criterion

In voting systems theory, the independence of clones criterion measures an election method's robustness to strategic nomination.

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Independent politician

An independent or nonpartisan politician is an individual politician not affiliated with any political party.

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Instant-runoff voting

Instant-runoff voting (IRV) is a voting method used in single-seat elections with more than two candidates.

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Instant-runoff voting in the United States

Instant-runoff voting (IRV) is used for state and congressional elections in Maine and for local elections in 11 cities, where it is often called "ranked choice voting." Those cities include San Francisco, California; Oakland, California; Berkeley, California; San Leandro, California; Takoma Park, Maryland; Basalt, Colorado; Telluride, Colorado; St. Paul, Minnesota; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Portland, Maine.

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Institute for Public Policy Research

The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) is a left-wing think tank based in London.

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Ipsos MORI

Ipsos MORI is a market research organisation in the United Kingdom.

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Irish nationality law

Irish nationality law is contained in the provisions of the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Acts 1956 to 2004 and in the relevant provisions of the Irish Constitution.

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Irish presidential election

The Irish presidential election determines who serves as the President of Ireland; the head of state of Ireland.

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Isabel Hilton

Isabel Nancy Hilton OBE (born 25 November 1949 in Aberdeen) is a Scottish journalist and broadcaster based in London.

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Jacqueline Rose

Jacqueline Rose, FBA (born 1949, London) is a British academic who is Professor of Humanities at the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities.

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James Cracknell

James Edward Cracknell, OBE (born 5 May 1972) is a British athlete, rowing champion and double Olympic gold medalist and prospective Conservative Party politician.

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James Palumbo, Baron Palumbo of Southwark

James "Jamie" Rudolph Palumbo, Baron Palumbo of Southwark (born 6 June 1963) is an English entrepreneur, author and politician.

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Janet Todd

Janet Margaret Todd (born 10 September 1942) is a British academic and author.

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Jay Griffiths

Jay Griffiths (born in Manchester) is an award-winning British writer and author of Wild: An Elemental Journey, Pip Pip: A Sideways Look at Time, Anarchipelago, A Love Letter from a Stray Moon, Kith: The Riddle of the Childscape and Tristimania: A Diary of Manic Depression.

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Jeff Rooker

Jeffrey William Rooker, Baron Rooker, PC (born 5 June 1941) is a British politician, who served as the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Perry Barr from 1974 until 2001.

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Jenkins Commission (UK)

The Independent Commission on the Voting System, popularly known as the Jenkins Commission after its chairman Roy Jenkins, was a commission into possible reform of the United Kingdom electoral system.

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Jenny Watson

Jennifer Watson CBE (born 25 January 1964), better known as Jenny Watson, is the former chairperson of the United Kingdom Electoral Commission.

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Jim Fitzpatrick (politician)

James Fitzpatrick (born 4 April 1952) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Poplar and Limehouse since the 2010 general election.

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Joan Bakewell

Joan Dawson Bakewell, Baroness Bakewell, DBE (née Rowlands; born 16 April 1933) is an English journalist, television presenter and Labour Party Peer.

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Joanna Lumley

Joanna Lamond Lumley, (born 1 May 1946) is an English actress, former model, author and activist.

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John Cleese

John Marwood Cleese (born 27 October 1939) is an English actor, voice actor, comedian, screenwriter, and producer.

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John Denham (politician)

John Yorke Denham FRSA (born 15 July 1953) is an English Labour Party politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Southampton Itchen from 1992 to 2015.

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John Healey (politician)

John Healey (born 13 February 1960) is a British Labour Party politician and former trade union and charity campaigner, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wentworth and Dearne since 1997, and Minister of State for Housing.

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John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness

John Matthew Patrick Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness, (born 6 May 1955) is a British Labour politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Barrow and Furness from 1992 to 2010 and served in a number of Cabinet offices, including Defence Secretary and Business Secretary.

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John O'Farrell (author)

John O'Farrell (born 27 March 1962) is a British author and comedy scriptwriter.

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John Packer

John Richard Packer (born 10 October 1946) is a retired British Anglican bishop.

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John Prescott

John Leslie Prescott, Baron Prescott (born 31 May 1938) is a British politician who was the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007.

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John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan

John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan PC (born 8 May 1947) is a British Labour Party politician.

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John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover

John Davan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Preston Candover, (born 2 November 1927) is the President of Sainsbury's, a British businessman, and a politician.

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Jonathan Bartley

Jonathan Bartley (born 16 October 1971, London) is a British politician, and since 2 September 2016, Co-Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales, a position he shares with Caroline Lucas.

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Josie Long

Josie Long (born 17 April 1982) is a British comedian.

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Julia Neuberger

Julia Babette Sarah Neuberger, Baroness Neuberger, DBE (née Schwab; born 27 February 1950) is a member of the British House of Lords.

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Justin de Villeneuve

Justin de Villeneuve, born Nigel Jonathan Davies in Edmonton, London, is a British businessman, known for being supermodel Twiggy's manager from 1966 to 1973.

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Keith Vaz

Nigel Keith Anthony Standish Vaz (born 26 November 1956) is a British Labour Party politician who, as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Leicester East since the 1987 general election, is the British Parliament's longest-serving British Asian MP.

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Ken Livingstone

Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945) is an English politician who served as the Leader of the Greater London Council (GLC) from 1981 until the council was abolished in 1986, and as Mayor of London from the creation of the office in 2000 until 2008.

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Kenneth Clarke

Kenneth Harry Clarke (born 2 July 1940) is a British Conservative politician who has been the Member of Parliament for Rushcliffe since 1970.

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Kevin Maguire (journalist)

Kevin John Maguire (born 20 September 1960 in South Shields, County Durham) is a British political journalist and is currently associate editor at the Daily Mirror newspaper.

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Kriss Akabusi

Kezie Uchechukwu Duru Akabusi, known as Kriss Akabusi MBE (born 28 November 1958) is a British former sprint and hurdling track and field athlete.

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Kwasi Kwarteng

Kwasi Alfred Addo Kwarteng (born 26 May 1975) is a British politician and historian who has served as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Spelthorne in Surrey since 2010.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom.

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Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 2010

The 2010 Labour Party leadership election was triggered by a general election which resulted in a hung parliament.

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Liam Byrne

Liam Dominic Byrne (born 2 October 1970) is a British Labour Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Hodge Hill since 2004.

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Liberal Democrats (UK)

The Liberal Democrats (often referred to as Lib Dems) are a liberal British political party, formed in 1988 as a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party (SDP), a splinter group from the Labour Party, which had formed the SDP–Liberal Alliance from 1981.

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Liberal Party (UK, 1989)

The Liberal Party is a British political party that was founded in 1989 by members of the original Liberal Party opposed to its merger with the Social Democratic Party (SDP) to form the Liberal Democrats.

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Libertarian Party (UK)

The Libertarian Party, also known as the Libertarian Party UK (or LPUK), is a libertarian political party in the United Kingdom.

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Lindsay Hoyle

Sir Lindsay Harvey Hoyle (born 10 June 1957)'HOYLE, Hon.

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List of British governments

This article is a list of ministries, in the sense of successive British governments, from the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, continuing through the duration of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1801 to 1922, and since then dealing with the governments of the present-day United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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List of United Kingdom general elections

This is a list of United Kingdom general elections (elections for the UK House of Commons) since the first in 1802.

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List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies

There are 650 constituencies in the United Kingdom, each electing a single Member of Parliament to the House of Commons ordinarily every five years.

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London Borough of Camden

The London Borough of Camden is a borough in north west London, and forms part of Inner London.

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London School of Economics

The London School of Economics (officially The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as LSE) is a public research university located in London, England and a constituent college of the federal University of London.

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Lord Speaker

The Lord Speaker is the speaker of the House of Lords in the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge

Lucy Cavendish College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge which admits only postgraduates and undergraduates aged 21 or over.

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Majority

A majority is the greater part, or more than half, of the total.

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Margaret Beckett

Dame Margaret Mary Beckett (born 15 January 1943) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Derby South since 1983.

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Margaret Hodge

Dame Margaret Eve Hodge, Lady Hodge (née Oppenheimer; born 8 September 1944) is a British Labour Party politician who has served as Member of Parliament for Barking since 1994.

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Margaret Ritchie (politician)

Margaret Mary Ritchie (born 25 March 1958 in Downpatrick) is an Irish politician who was the Leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party from 2010 to 2011.

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Martin Bell

Martin Bell, OBE, (born 31 August 1938) is a British UNICEF (UNICEF UK) Ambassador, a former broadcast war reporter and former independent politician who became the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tatton from 1997 to 2001.

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Martyn Jarrett

Martyn William Jarrett SSC (born 25 October 1944) is an Anglican bishop.

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Mayor of London

The Mayor of London is the head of the executive body of the Greater London Authority.

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Mebyon Kernow

Mebyon Kernow – The Party for Cornwall (MK; Cornish for Sons of Cornwall) is a Cornish nationalist, centre-left political party in Cornwall, United Kingdom.

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Meg Hillier

Margaret Olivia Hillier (born 14 February 1969) is a British Labour Co-operative politician who was first elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hackney South and Shoreditch at the 2005 general election, and was a junior government minister (2007–10) and was succeeded by Caroline Flint as Shadow Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change in the Labour Party October 2011 reshuffle.

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Melvyn Bragg

Melvyn Bragg, Baron Bragg, (born 6 October 1939), is an English broadcaster, author and parliamentarian.

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Member of the Scottish Parliament

Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) (Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba (BPA) in Gaelic, Memmer o the Scots Pairliament (MSP) in Scots) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.

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Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of 53 sovereign states.

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Michael Cashman

Michael Maurice Cashman, Baron Cashman, (born 17 December 1950) is a British Labour politician and former actor.

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Michael Farmer, Lord Farmer

Michael Stahel Farmer, The Lord Farmer (born 17 December 1944) is a British businessman, philanthropist, former treasurer of the Conservative Party, and life peer in the House of Lords.

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Michael Gove

Michael Andrew Gove (born 26 August 1967) is a British Conservative politician, who was Secretary of State for Education from 2010 to 2014 and Secretary of State for Justice from 2015 to 2016.

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Michael Langrish

Michael Laurence Langrish (born 1 July 1946) is a retired English Anglican bishop.

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Michael Perham

Michael Perham (born 16 March 1992) is an English sailor and adventurer from Potters Bar.

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Michael Portillo

Michael Denzil Xavier Portillo (born 26 May 1953) is a British journalist, broadcaster, and former Member of Parliament and Cabinet Minister of the Conservative Party.

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Ministry of Sound

Ministry of Sound Group is a multimedia entertainment business based in London with a nightclub, shared workspace and private members club, worldwide events operation, music publishing business and fitness studio.

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Monotonicity criterion

The monotonicity criterion is a voting system criterion used to evaluate both single and multiple winner ranked voting systems.

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Morning Star (British newspaper)

Morning Star is a left-wing British daily tabloid newspaper with a focus on social, political and trade union issues.

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Mutual majority criterion

The mutual majority criterion is a criterion used to compare voting systems.

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Naomi Alderman

Naomi Alderman (born 1974) is an English novelist and game writer.

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National Assembly for Wales

The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru; commonly known as the Welsh Assembly) is a devolved parliament with power to make legislation in Wales.

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National Assembly for Wales constituencies and electoral regions

National Assembly for Wales constituencies and electoral regions were first used for the 1999 elections.

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National Assembly for Wales election, 2011

The National Assembly for Wales election 2011 was an election for the National Assembly.

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National Parliament of Papua New Guinea

The National Parliament of Papua New Guinea is the unicameral national legislature in Papua New Guinea.

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Neil Kinnock

Neil Gordon Kinnock, Baron Kinnock, (born 28 March 1942) is a Welsh Labour Party politician.

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New Economics Foundation

The New Economics Foundation (NEF) is a British think-tank that aims to help build a "new economy where people are really in control".

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Newcastle University

Newcastle University (officially, the University of Newcastle upon Tyne) is a public research university in Newcastle upon Tyne in the North-East of England.

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Newsnight

Newsnight is a weekday BBC Television current affairs programme which specialises in analysis and often robust cross-examination of senior politicians.

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Niall Ferguson

Niall Campbell Ferguson (born 18 April 1964) Niall Ferguson is a conservative British historian and political commentator.

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Nick Clegg

Sir Nicholas William Peter Clegg (born 7 January 1967) is a British politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2015 and as Leader of the Liberal Democrats from 2007 to 2015.

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Nigel Farage

Nigel Paul Farage (While Farage himself pronounces it thus, he has stated that he does not mind if the alternative pronunciation of is used by others –, Newsnight (YouTube – UKIP webmaster's channel), 18 April 2010. Retrieved 13 May 2013. born 3 April 1964) is a British politician, broadcaster and political analyst who was the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) from 2006 to 2009 and again from 2010 to 2016.

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Nigel Stock (bishop)

William Nigel Stock (born 29 January 1950) is a British Anglican bishop.

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North East England

North East England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.

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North West England

North West England, one of nine official regions of England, consists of the five counties of Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Merseyside.

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Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland, variously described as a country, province or region.

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Northern Ireland Assembly election, 2011

The 2011 election to the Northern Ireland Assembly took place on Thursday, 5 May, following the dissolution of the Northern Ireland Assembly at midnight on 24 March 2011.

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NOtoAV

NOtoAV was a political campaign in the United Kingdom whose purpose was to persuade the public to vote against the Alternative Vote (AV) in the referendum on Thursday, 5 May 2011.

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Official Monster Raving Loony Party

The Official Monster Raving Loony Party is a political party established in the United Kingdom in 1983 by the musician David Sutch, better known as "Screaming Lord Sutch, 3rd Earl of Harrow" or simply "Lord Sutch".

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One man, one vote

One man, one vote (or one person, one vote) is a slogan used by advocates of political equality through various electoral reforms such as universal suffrage, proportional representation, or the elimination of plurality voting, malapportionment, or gerrymandering.

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Oona King

Oona Tamsyn King, Baroness King of Bow (born 22 October 1967) is a Labour politician and former chief diversity officer of Channel 4.

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Parliamentary ping-pong

Parliamentary ping-pong is a phrase used to describe a phenomenon in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, in which a bill appears to rapidly bounce back and forth between the two chambers like a ping-pong ball bounces between the players in a game of table tennis.

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Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011

The Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 (c. 1) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that made provision for the holding of a referendum on whether to introduce the Alternative Vote system in all future general elections to the UK Parliament and also made provision on the number and size of Parliamentary Constituencies.

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Patrick Dunleavy

Patrick John Dunleavy (born 21 June 1952), is Professor of Political Science and Public Policy within the Government Department of the London School of Economics (LSE).

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Paul Boateng

Paul Yaw Boateng, Baron Boateng (born 14 June 1951) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent South from 1987 to 2005, becoming the UK's first mixed-race Cabinet Minister in May 2002, when he was appointed as Chief Secretary to the Treasury.

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Paul Goggins

Paul Gerard Goggins (16 June 1953 – 7 January 2014) was a British Labour Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wythenshawe and Sale East from 1997 until his death in January 2014.

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Peter Cruddas

Peter Andrew Cruddas (born 30 September 1953) is an English banker, businessman and philanthropist.

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Peter Dawes

Peter Spencer Dawes (born 5 February 1928) was the fifth Bishop of Derby.

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Peter Hain

Peter Gerald Hain, Baron Hain, (born 16 February 1950) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Neath between 1991 and 2015, and served in the Cabinets of both Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.

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Peter Mandelson

Peter Benjamin Mandelson, Baron Mandelson, (born 21 October 1953) is a British Labour politician, president of international think tank Policy Network and Chairman of strategic advisory firm He served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Hartlepool from 1992 to 2004, and held a number of Cabinet positions under Prime Ministers Tony Blair and Gordon Brown.

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Peter Stringfellow

Peter James Stringfellow (17 October 1940 – 7 June 2018) was an English businessman trading as a nightclub owner.

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Philip Hammond

Philip Anthony Hammond (born 4 December 1955) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Chancellor of the Exchequer since 13 July 2016 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Runnymede and Weybridge since 1997.

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Philip Harris, Baron Harris of Peckham

Philip Charles Harris, Baron Harris of Peckham (born 15 September 1942) is an English businessman, Conservative party donor and member of the House of Lords.

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Pirate Party UK

The Pirate Party UK (often abbreviated PPUK; in italic) is a political party in the United Kingdom.

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Plaid Cymru

Plaid Cymru (officially Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales, often referred to simply as Plaid) is a social-democratic political party in Wales advocating for Welsh independence from the United Kingdom within the European Union.

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Plant Commission

The Plant Commission was a commission in the United Kingdom that examined electoral reform started by the Labour Party while in opposition.

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Policy Exchange

Policy Exchange is a British centre-right think tank, created in 2002 and based in London.

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Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000

The Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000 (c. 41) is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that sets out how political parties, elections and referendums are to be regulated in the United Kingdom.

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Polly Toynbee

Mary Louisa "Polly" Toynbee (born 27 December 1946) is a British journalist and writer.

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Primary election

A primary election is the process by which the general public can indicate their preference for a candidate in an upcoming general election or by-election, thus narrowing the field of candidates.

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Priti Patel

Priti Sushilbhai Patel (born 29 March 1972) is a British politician.

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Proportional representation

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems by which divisions into an electorate are reflected proportionately into the elected body.

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Public consultation

Public consultation, or simply consultation, is a regulatory process by which the public's input on matters affecting them is sought.

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Ranked voting

Ranked voting describes certain voting systems in which voters rank outcomes in a hierarchy on the ordinal scale (ordinal voting systems).

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Recall election

A recall election (also called a recall referendum or representative recall) is a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before that official's term has ended.

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Red Pepper (magazine)

Red Pepper is an independent "radical red and green" magazine based in the United Kingdom.

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Referendum

A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal.

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Representation of the People Act 1983

The Representation of the People Act 1983 (c. 2) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Respect Party

The Respect Party was a left-wing to far-left political party active in the United Kingdom between 2004 and 2016.

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ResPublica

ResPublica (from the Latin phrase, res publica meaning 'public thing') is a British independent public policy think tank, founded in 2009 by Phillip Blond.

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Richard Wilson (Scottish actor)

Richard Wilson (born Iain Carmichael Wilson; 9 July 1936) is a Scottish actor, theatre director and broadcaster.

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Robert Edmiston

Robert Norman Edmiston, Baron Edmiston (born 6 October 1946) is a British billionaire motor trade entrepreneur based in the West Midlands who has established a number of religious and educational charities, including Christian Vision.

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Robert Winston

Robert Maurice Lipson Winston, Baron Winston (born 15 July 1940) is a British professor, medical doctor, scientist, television presenter and Labour Party politician.

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Ross Kemp

Ross James Kemp (born 21 July 1964) is an English actor, author and investigative journalist.

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Rowntree trusts

The four Rowntree Trusts are funded from the legacies of the Quaker chocolate entrepreneurs and social reformers Joseph Rowntree and Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree.

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Roy Hattersley

Roy Sydney George Hattersley, Baron Hattersley, PC, FRSL (born 28 December 1932) is a British Labour politician, author and journalist from Sheffield.

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Roy Jenkins

Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, (11 November 1920 – 5 January 2003) was a British Labour Party, SDP and Liberal Democrat politician, and biographer of British political leaders.

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Royal assent

Royal assent or sanction is the method by which a country's monarch (possibly through a delegated official) formally approves an act of that nation's parliament.

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Sadiq Khan

Sadiq Aman Khan (born 8 October 1970) is a British politician serving as Mayor of London since 2016.

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Sally Bercow

Sally Kate Bercow (née Illman; born 22 November 1969) is the wife of the current Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow.

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Sam Gyimah

Samuel Phillip Gyimah (born 10 August 1976) is a Conservative politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for East Surrey since the 2010 general election.

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Sayeeda Warsi, Baroness Warsi

Sayeeda Hussain Warsi, Baroness Warsi (سعیده حسین وارثی, born 28 March 1971) is a British lawyer, politician and member of the House of Lords. From 2010-12, she was co-Chair of the Conservative Party. She served in David Cameron's Cabinet, first as the Minister without portfolio between 2010–12, then as the Senior Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Office and as the Minister of State for Faith and Communities, until her resignation citing her disagreement with the Government's policy on the Israel–Gaza conflict in August 2014. Warsi grew up in a family of Pakistani Muslim immigrants living in West Yorkshire. She became a solicitor with the Crown Prosecution Service. In 2004, she left the CPS to stand, unsuccessfully, for election to Parliament. In 2005 Warsi came under intense controversy after campaigning to ban teachings about homosexuality in schools fearing it might "promote same-sex relationships." She also claimed that Labour lowering the age of consent from 18 to 16 left teenagers vulnerable to being "propositioned for homosexual relations." These comments led Britain's leading gay rights group, Stonewall, to denounce her as being homophobic. After being raised to the peerage in 2007, Warsi served as Shadow Minister for Community Cohesion and Social Action. The first female Muslim to attend Cabinet, Lady Warsi came to further prominence when, at her first meeting in Downing Street, she wore a traditional South Asian shalwar kameez.

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Scotland

Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

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Scottish Green Party

The Scottish Green Party (Pàrtaidh Uaine na h-Alba; Scots Green Pairty) is a green political party in Scotland.

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Scottish local elections, 2007

The Scottish local elections, 2007 were held on 3 May 2007, the same day as Scottish Parliament elections and local elections in parts of England.

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Scottish National Party

The Scottish National Party (SNP; Pàrtaidh Nàiseanta na h-Alba, Scots Naitional Pairtie) is a Scottish nationalist and social-democratic political party in Scotland.

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Scottish Parliament

The Scottish Parliament (Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: The Scots Pairlament) is the devolved national, unicameral legislature of Scotland.

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Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions from 2011

As a result of the first periodical review of Scottish Parliament (Holyrood) constituencies, new constituencies and additional member regions of the Scottish Parliament were introduced for the 2011 Scottish Parliament election.

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Scottish Parliament election, 2007

The 2007 Scottish Parliament election was held on Thursday 3 May 2007 to elect members to the Scottish Parliament.

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Scottish Parliament election, 2011

The 2011 Scottish Parliament election was held on Thursday, 5 May 2011 to elect 129 members to the Scottish Parliament.

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Simon Darby

Simon Darby (born 8 November 1964) is a British politician and former Deputy Chairman of the British National Party.

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Simon Sebag Montefiore

Simon Jonathan Sebag Montefiore (born 27 June 1965) is a British historian, television presenter and award-winning author of popular history books and novels.

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Single transferable vote

The single transferable vote (STV) is a voting system designed to achieve proportional representation through ranked voting in multi-seat organizations or constituencies (voting districts).

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Sinn Féin

Sinn Féin (isbn) is a left-wing Irish republican political party active in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

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Social Democratic and Labour Party

The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) is a social-democratic and Irish nationalist political party in Northern Ireland.

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Socialist Party (England and Wales)

The Socialist Party is a Trotskyist political party in England and Wales which adopted its current name in 1997 after being formerly known as Militant, an entryist group in the Labour Party from 1964 until it abandoned that tactic in 1991.

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Socialist Party of Great Britain

The Socialist Party of Great Britain (SPGB) is a socialist political party in the United Kingdom.

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Solidarity (newspaper)

Solidarity is a socialist newspaper published by the Alliance for Workers' Liberty (AWL).

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South East England

South East England is the most populous of the nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.

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South West England

South West England is one of nine official regions of England.

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Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)

The Speaker of the House of Commons is the presiding officer of the House of Commons, the United Kingdom's lower chamber of Parliament.

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Speech from the throne

A speech from the throne (or throne speech) is an event in certain monarchies in which the reigning sovereign, or a representative thereof, reads a prepared speech to members of the nation's legislature when a session is opened, outlining the government's agenda and focus for the forthcoming session; or in some cases, closed.

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Stanley Fink, Baron Fink

No description.

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Stephen Fry

Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957) is an English comedian, actor, writer, presenter, and activist.

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Steve Coogan

Stephen John Coogan (born 14 October 1965) is an English actor, stand-up comedian, impressionist, screenwriter, and producer.

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Steven Norris

Steven John Norris (born 24 May 1945 in Liverpool, Lancashire) is a British Conservative politician.

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Students' union

A students' union, student government, free student union, student senate, students' association, guild of students, or government of student body is a student organization present in many colleges, universities, and high schools.

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Tactical voting

In voting methods, tactical voting (or strategic voting or sophisticated voting or insincere voting) occurs, in elections with more than two candidates, when a voter supports another candidate more strongly than their sincere preference in order to prevent an undesirable outcome.

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Take Back Parliament

Take Back Parliament (TBP) was an organisation campaigning for democratic reform in the United Kingdom.

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Tamsin Omond

Tamsin Omond (born 19 November 1984) is a British author, environmental activist and journalist.

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Tessa Jowell

Tessa Jane Helen Douglas Jowell, Baroness Jowell, (17 September 1947 – 12 May 2018) was a British Labour politician who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Dulwich and West Norwood from 1997 to 2015, having previously been elected as the MP for Dulwich in 1992.

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The Constitution Society

The Constitution Society is an independent, non-party educational trust based near Westminster, England.

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The Royal British Legion

The Royal British Legion (RBL), sometimes called The British Legion or The Legion, is a British charity providing financial, social and emotional support to members and veterans of the British Armed Forces, their families and dependants.

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The Sun (United Kingdom)

The Sun is a tabloid newspaper published in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.

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Theresa May

Theresa Mary May (Brasier; born 1 October 1956) is a British politician serving as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party since 2016.

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Thom Brooks

Thomas "Thom" Brooks, (born 14 October 1973) is an American-British political philosopher and legal scholar.

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Timothy Gowers

Sir William Timothy Gowers, (born 20 November 1963) is a British mathematician.

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Tony Benn

Anthony Neil Wedgwood Benn (3 April 1925 – 14 March 2014), originally known as Anthony Wedgwood Benn, but later as Tony Benn, was a British politician, writer, and diarist.

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Tony Lloyd

Anthony Joseph Lloyd (born 25 February 1950) is a British Labour Party politician serving as Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland since 2018.

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Tony Robinson

Sir Anthony Robinson (born 15 August 1946) is an English actor, comedian, author, presenter and political activist.

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Traditional Unionist Voice

Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland.

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Two-round system

The two-round system (also known as the second ballot, runoff voting or ballotage) is a voting method used to elect a single winner, where the voter casts a single vote for their chosen candidate.

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UK Independence Party

The UK Independence Party (UKIP) is a Eurosceptic and right-wing populist political party in the United Kingdom.

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Ulster Unionist Party

The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum, 1975

The United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum, also known as the Referendum on the European Community (Common Market), the Common Market referendum and EEC membership referendum took place on 5 June 1975 in the United Kingdom to gauge support for the country's continued membership of the European Communities (EC)—often known at the time as the "European Community” and the "Common Market" which it had entered on 1 January 1973 under the Conservative government of Edward Heath under the provisions of the Referendum Act 1975.

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United Kingdom general election, 2010

The 2010 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday, 6 May 2010, with 45,597,461 registered voters entitled to vote to elect members to the House of Commons.

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United Kingdom general election, 2015

The 2015 United Kingdom general election was held on 7 May 2015 to elect 650 members to the House of Commons.

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United Kingdom general election, February 1974

The February 1974 United Kingdom general election was held on the 28th day of that month.

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United Kingdom general elections overview

The United Kingdom general elections overview is an overview of United Kingdom general election results since 1922.

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United Kingdom local elections, 2011

The 2011 United Kingdom local elections were held on Thursday 5 May 2011.

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United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal

The United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal was a major political scandal that emerged in 2009, concerning expenses claims made by members of the United Kingdom Parliament over the previous years.

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University constituency

A university constituency is a constituency, used in elections to a legislature, that represents the members of one or more universities rather than residents of a geographical area.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

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University of Sheffield

The University of Sheffield (informally Sheffield University) is a public research university in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England.

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University of Stirling

The University of Stirling is a public university founded by Royal charter in 1967.

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Unlock Democracy

Unlock Democracy is a British pressure group, based in London.

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Vernon Bogdanor

Vernon Bernard Bogdanor (born 16 July 1943) is Research Professor at the Institute for Contemporary British History at King's College London and Professor of Politics at the New College of the Humanities.

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Vivienne Westwood

Vivienne Isabel Westwood (née Swire; born 8 April 1941) is a British fashion designer and businesswoman, largely responsible for bringing modern punk and new wave fashions into the mainstream.

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Vogue (British magazine)

The British edition of the fashion magazine Vogue is currently owned and distributed by US media company Conde Nast.

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Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.

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Welsh devolution referendum, 2011

The Welsh devolution referendum on law-making powers also known as the Referendum on the law-making powers of the National Assembly for Wales was a non-binding referendum held in Wales on 3 March 2011 on whether the Welsh Assembly should have full law making powers in the twenty subject areas where it has jurisdiction.

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Welsh language

Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a member of the Brittonic branch of the Celtic languages.

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Wendy Savage

Professor Wendy Diane Savage (born 12 April 1935 in Surrey) is a British gynaecologist, and advocate and campaigner of women's rights in childbirth and fertility.

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West Midlands (region)

The West Midlands is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.

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Whip (politics)

A whip is an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline in a legislature.

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William Hague

William Jefferson Hague, Baron Hague of Richmond, (born 26 March 1961), is a British Conservative politician and life peer.

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William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth

William Legge, 10th Earl of Dartmouth, (born 23 September 1949) is a British politician and hereditary peer, usually known as William Dartmouth.

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Yasmin Alibhai-Brown

Yasmin Alibhai-Brown (née Damji; born 10 December 1949) is a British journalist and author, who describes herself as "a leftie liberal, anti-racist, feminist, Muslim, part-Pakistani".

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YES! To Fairer Votes

YES! To Fairer Votes was a political campaign in the United Kingdom whose purpose was to persuade the public to vote in favour of the Alternative Vote (AV) in the referendum on Thursday, 5 May 2011.

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Yorkshire and the Humber

Yorkshire and the Humber is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.

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Young Labour (United Kingdom)

Young Labour is the youth section of the UK Labour Party.

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Redirects here:

2011 UK referendum, 2011 United Kingdom referendum, AV referendum, Av referendum, Referendum on Alternative Voting system, UK 2011 referendum, UK AV referendum, 2011, UK Alternative Vote referendum, UK Alternative Vote referendum, 2011, UK referendum (2011), United Kingdom AV referendum, 2011, United Kingdom Alternative Vote referendum 2011, United Kingdom alternative vote referendum, United Kingdom alternative vote referendum, 2010, United Kingdom alternative vote referendum, 2011, United Kingdom referendum, 2011.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Alternative_Vote_referendum,_2011

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