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90 relations: Aducanumab, Alpha secretase, Alpha-synuclein, Alzheimer's disease, Amino acid, Amyloid, Amyloid precursor protein, Antibody, Apomorphine, Apoptosis, Atomic force microscopy, Bapineuzumab, Beta-secretase 1, Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease, Biomolecular structure, Blood vessel, Brain, C-terminus, Calcium, Cancer, Carbenoxolone, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Cerebral cortex, Cholesterol, Chromosome 21, Colorectal cancer, Crenezumab, Deuterostome, Down syndrome, Dual-polarization interferometry, Early-onset Alzheimer's disease, Electrical impedance, ELISA, Endoplasmic reticulum, Enzyme, Enzyme inhibitor, Esophageal cancer, Etiology, Gamma secretase, Gantenerumab, Glucose transporter, Glutamate transporter, Glycoprotein, Glymphatic system, Golgi apparatus, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Heredity, Homeostasis, Immunostaining, Immunotherapy, ..., Inclusion body myositis, Inflammation, Intrinsically disordered proteins, Ion channel, Ion channel hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease, Kinase, Lewy body dementia, Lipid peroxidation, Lung cancer, Memantine, Molecular dynamics, N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid, Neprilysin, Neurite, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Oligomer, Oxidative stress, Parallel tempering, Parenchyma, Peptide, Pittsburgh compound B, Positron emission tomography, Prion, Protease, Protein folding, Proteolysis, PSEN1, Random coil, Reactive oxygen species, Semagacestat, Senile plaques, Solanezumab, Tarenflurbil, Tau protein, Thioflavin, TPM21, Transcription factor, Transmembrane protein, White matter, 4-Hydroxynonenal. Expand index (40 more) »
Aducanumab
Aducanumab is a human monoclonal antibody that is being studied for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Alpha secretase
Alpha secretases are a family of proteolytic enzymes that cleave amyloid precursor protein (APP) in its transmembrane region.
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Alpha-synuclein
Alpha-synuclein is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SNCA gene.
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Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Amyloid
Amyloids are aggregates of proteins that become folded into a shape that allows many copies of that protein to stick together forming fibrils.
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Amyloid precursor protein
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons.
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Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
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Apomorphine
Apomorphine (brand names Apokyn, Ixense, Spontane, Uprima) is a type of aporphine having activity as a non-selective dopamine agonist which activates both D2-like and, to a much lesser extent, D1-like receptors.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
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Atomic force microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.
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Bapineuzumab
Bapineuzumab (nicknamed "bapi") is a humanized monoclonal antibody that acts on the nervous system and may have potential therapeutic value for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and possibly glaucoma.
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Beta-secretase 1
Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1), also known as beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1, beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, membrane-associated aspartic protease 2, memapsin-2, aspartyl protease 2, and ASP2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BACE1 gene.
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Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease
The biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common causes of adult dementia, is not yet very well understood.
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Biomolecular structure
Biomolecular structure is the intricate folded, three-dimensional shape that is formed by a molecule of protein, DNA, or RNA, and that is important to its function.
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Blood vessel
The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system, and microcirculation, that transports blood throughout the human body.
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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C-terminus
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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Carbenoxolone
Carbenoxolone (CBX) is a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative with a steroid-like structure, similar to substances found in the root of the licorice plant.
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Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), also known as congophilic angiopathy, is a form of angiopathy in which amyloid deposits form in the walls of the blood vessels of the central nervous system.
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Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is the largest region of the cerebrum in the mammalian brain and plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, cognition, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness.
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Cholesterol
Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol) is an organic molecule.
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Chromosome 21
Chromosome 21 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).
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Crenezumab
Crenezumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody against human 1-40 and 1-42 Beta amyloid, which is being investigated as a treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Deuterostome
Deuterostomes (taxonomic term: Deuterostomia; meaning "second mouth" in Greek) are any members of a superphylum of animals.
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Down syndrome
Down syndrome (DS or DNS), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.
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Dual-polarization interferometry
Dual-polarization interferometry (DPI) is an analytical technique that probes molecular layers adsorbed to the surface of a waveguide using the evanescent wave of a laser beam.
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Early-onset Alzheimer's disease
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease, also called early-onset Alzheimer's, or early-onset AD, is Alzheimer's disease diagnosed before the age of 65.
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Electrical impedance
Electrical impedance is the measure of the opposition that a circuit presents to a current when a voltage is applied.
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ELISA
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a test that uses antibodies and color change to identify a substance.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Enzyme inhibitor
4QI9) An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
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Esophageal cancer
Esophageal cancer is cancer arising from the esophagus—the food pipe that runs between the throat and the stomach.
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Etiology
Etiology (alternatively aetiology or ætiology) is the study of causation, or origination.
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Gamma secretase
Gamma secretase is a multi-subunit protease complex, itself an integral membrane protein, that cleaves single-pass transmembrane proteins at residues within the transmembrane domain.
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Gantenerumab
Gantenerumab is a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Glucose transporter
Glucose transporters are a wide group of membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane.
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Glutamate transporter
Glutamate transporters are a family of neurotransmitter transporter proteins that move glutamate – the principal excitatory neurotransmitter – across a membrane.
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Glycoprotein
Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to amino acid side-chains.
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Glymphatic system
The glymphatic system (or glymphatic clearance pathway, or paravascular system) is a functional waste clearance pathway for the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS).
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Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults, and is the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis.
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Heredity
Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.
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Immunostaining
In biochemistry, immunostaining is any use of an antibody-based method to detect a specific protein in a sample.
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Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is the "treatment of disease by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response".
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Inclusion body myositis
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most common inflammatory muscle disease in older adults.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Intrinsically disordered proteins
An intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) is a protein that lacks a fixed or ordered three-dimensional structure.
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Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.
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Ion channel hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease
The ion channel hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), also known as the channel hypothesis or the amyloid beta ion channel hypothesis, is a more recent variant of the amyloid hypothesis of AD, which identifies amyloid beta (Aβ) as the underlying cause of neurotoxicity seen in AD.
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Kinase
In biochemistry, a kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates.
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Lewy body dementia
Lewy body dementia (LBD, sometimes referred to as Lewy body disorder) is an umbrella term that includes Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), two dementias characterized by abnormal deposits of the protein alpha-synuclein in the brain.
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Lipid peroxidation
Lipid peroxidation is the oxidative degradation of lipids.
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Lung cancer
Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.
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Memantine
Memantine is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. It acts on the glutamatergic system by blocking NMDA receptors. It was first synthesized by Eli Lilly and Company in 1968 as a potential agent to treat diabetes; the NMDA activity was discovered in the 1980s.
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Molecular dynamics
Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation method for studying the physical movements of atoms and molecules.
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N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid
N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid or N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) is an amino acid derivative that acts as a specific agonist at the NMDA receptor mimicking the action of glutamate, the neurotransmitter which normally acts at that receptor.
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Neprilysin
Neprilysin, also known as membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME), neutral endopeptidase (NEP), cluster of differentiation 10 (CD10), and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MME gene.
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Neurite
A neurite or neuronal process refers to any projection from the cell body of a neuron.
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Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation.
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Oligomer
An oligomer (oligo-, "a few" + -mer, "parts") is a molecular complex of chemicals that consists of a few monomer units, in contrast to a polymer, where the number of monomers is, in principle, infinite.
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Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.
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Parallel tempering
Parallel tempering, also known as replica exchange MCMC sampling, is a simulation method aimed at improving the dynamic properties of Monte Carlo method simulations of physical systems, and of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling methods more generally.
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Parenchyma
Parenchyma is the bulk of a substance.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Pittsburgh compound B
Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) is a radioactive analog of thioflavin T, which can be used in positron emission tomography scans to image beta-amyloid plaques in neuronal tissue.
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Positron emission tomography
Positron-emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine functional imaging technique that is used to observe metabolic processes in the body as an aid to the diagnosis of disease.
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Prion
Prions are misfolded proteins that are associated with several fatal neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans.
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Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that performs proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
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Protein folding
Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain acquires its native 3-dimensional structure, a conformation that is usually biologically functional, in an expeditious and reproducible manner.
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Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids.
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PSEN1
Presenilin-1 (PS-1) is a presenilin protein that in humans is encoded by the PSEN1 gene.
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Random coil
A random coil is a polymer conformation where the monomer subunits are oriented randomly while still being bonded to adjacent units.
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Reactive oxygen species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen.
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Semagacestat
Semagacestat (LY-450139) was a candidate drug for a causal therapy against Alzheimer's disease.
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Senile plaques
Senile plaques (also known as neuritic plaques) are extracellular deposits of amyloid beta in the grey matter of the brain.
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Solanezumab
Solanezumab (proposed INN, LY2062430) is a monoclonal antibody being investigated by Eli Lilly as a neuroprotector for patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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Tarenflurbil
Tarenflurbil, Flurizan or R-flurbiprofen, is the single enantiomer of the racemate NSAID flurbiprofen.
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Tau protein
Tau proteins (or τ proteins, after the Greek letter with that name) are proteins that stabilize microtubules.
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Thioflavin
Thioflavins are dyes used for histology staining and biophysical studies of protein aggregation.
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TPM21
TPM 21 is a protein found in the human brain.
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Transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
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Transmembrane protein
A transmembrane protein (TP) is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the biological membrane to which it is permanently attached.
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White matter
White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts.
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4-Hydroxynonenal
4-Hydroxynonenal, or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal or 4-HNE or HNE, (9162), is an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal that is produced by lipid peroxidation in cells.
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Redirects here:
A beta, A-beta, Abeta, Amyloid B, Amyloid beta peptide, Amyloid beta protein, Amyloid beta-peptides, Amyloid β, Amyloid-Beta, Amyloid-beta, Amyloid-beta peptide, Amyloid-β, Aβ, B-amyloid, Beta amyloid, Beta-amyloid, Islet amyloid precursor protein, Β amyloid, Β-amyloid, ΒA.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloid_beta
