Table of Contents
358 relations: Aëtius of Amida, Abortion, Acitretin, Acne aestivalis, Acne mechanica, Acne medicamentosa, Acne with facial edema, Acneiform eruption, Acupuncture, Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, Adapalene, Adapalene/benzoyl peroxide, Adolescence, Adrenal gland, Adrenal tumor, Adrenarche, Allergic contact dermatitis, Allergy, Alpha hydroxycarboxylic acid, Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, Amide, Aminolevulinic acid, Anabolic steroid, Anaerobic organism, Anaphylaxis, Androgen, Androgen deficiency, Androgen insensitivity syndrome, Androgen receptor, Androgen replacement therapy, Anemia, Angiofibroma, Anti-inflammatory, Antiandrogen, Antibiotic, Antihistamine, Antimicrobial peptides, Antimicrobial resistance, Anxiety, Anxiety disorder, AP-1 transcription factor, Apert syndrome, Apitoxin, Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, Arachidonic acid, Arbutin, Asthma, Austria, Azelaic acid, Azithromycin, ... Expand index (308 more) »
- Acneiform eruptions
- Greek inventions
- Puberty
Aëtius of Amida
Aëtius of Amida (Ἀέτιος Ἀμιδηνός; Latin: Aëtius Amidenus; fl. mid-5th century to mid-6th century) was a Byzantine Greek physician and medical writer, particularly distinguished by the extent of his erudition.
Abortion
Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus.
Acitretin
Acitretin, sold under the brand names Neotigason and Soriatane, is a second-generation retinoid.
Acne aestivalis
Acne aestivalis also called as acne mallorca, is a special kind of polymorphous light eruption induced by ultra violet A radiation. Acne and acne aestivalis are acneiform eruptions.
Acne mechanica
Acne mechanica is an acneiform eruption that has been observed after repetitive physical trauma to the skin such as rubbing, occurring from clothing (belts and straps) or sports equipment (football helmets and shoulder pads). Acne and acne mechanica are acneiform eruptions.
Acne medicamentosa
Acne medicamentosa is acne that is caused or aggravated by medication. Acne and acne medicamentosa are acneiform eruptions.
See Acne and Acne medicamentosa
Acne with facial edema
Acne with facial edema occurs uncommonly, and is associated with a peculiar inflammatory edema of the mid-third of the face. Acne and Acne with facial edema are acneiform eruptions.
See Acne and Acne with facial edema
Acneiform eruption
Acneiform eruptions, or acne mimicking eruptions, are a group of skin conditions characterized by small bumps resembling acne. Acne and Acneiform eruption are acneiform eruptions.
See Acne and Acneiform eruption
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine and a component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in which thin needles are inserted into the body.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare life-threatening complication of pregnancy that occurs in the third trimester or the immediate period after delivery.
See Acne and Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Adapalene
Adapalene is a third-generation topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of mild-moderate acne, and is also used off-label to treat keratosis pilaris as well as other skin conditions.
Adapalene/benzoyl peroxide
Adapalene/benzoyl peroxide, sold under the brand name Epiduo among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication for the treatment of severe acne vulgaris.
See Acne and Adapalene/benzoyl peroxide
Adolescence
Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood (typically corresponding to the age of majority). Acne and Adolescence are puberty.
Adrenal gland
The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.
Adrenal tumor
An adrenal tumor or adrenal mass is any benign or malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland, several of which are notable for their tendency to overproduce endocrine hormones.
Adrenarche
Adrenarche is an early stage in sexual maturation that happens in some higher primates (including humans), typically peaks at around 20 years of age, and is involved in the development of pubic hair, body odor, skin oiliness, axillary hair, sexual attraction/sexual desire/increased libido and mild acne.
Allergic contact dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a form of contact dermatitis that is the manifestation of an allergic response caused by contact with a substance; the other type being irritant contact dermatitis (ICD).
See Acne and Allergic contact dermatitis
Allergy
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.
See Acne and Allergy
Alpha hydroxycarboxylic acid
Alpha hydroxy carboxylic acids, or α-hydroxy carboxylic acids (AHAs), are a group of carboxylic acids featuring a hydroxy group located one carbon atom away from the acid group.
See Acne and Alpha hydroxycarboxylic acid
Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is an endogenous peptide hormone and neuropeptide of the melanocortin family, with a tridecapeptide structure and the amino acid sequence Ac-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2.
See Acne and Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula, where R, R', and R″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms.
See Acne and Amide
Aminolevulinic acid
δ-Aminolevulinic acid (also dALA, δ-ALA, 5ALA or 5-aminolevulinic acid), an endogenous non-proteinogenic amino acid, is the first compound in the porphyrin synthesis pathway, the pathway that leads to heme in mammals, as well as chlorophyll in plants.
See Acne and Aminolevulinic acid
Anabolic steroid
Anabolic steroids, also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are a class of drugs that are structurally related to testosterone, the main male sex hormone, and produce effects by binding to the androgen receptor (AR).
Anaerobic organism
An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth.
See Acne and Anaerobic organism
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis (Greek: ana- ‘against’ + phylaxis ‘guarding’) is a serious, potentially fatal allergic reaction and medical emergency that is rapid in onset and requires immediate medical attention regardless of the use of emergency medication on site.
Androgen
An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.
Androgen deficiency
Androgen deficiency is a medical condition characterized by insufficient androgenic activity in the body.
See Acne and Androgen deficiency
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a condition involving the inability to respond to androgens, typically due to androgen receptor dysfunction.
See Acne and Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Androgen receptor
The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding any of the androgenic hormones, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus.
See Acne and Androgen receptor
Androgen replacement therapy
Androgen replacement therapy (ART), often referred to as testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), is a form of hormone therapy in which androgens, often testosterone, are supplemented or replaced.
See Acne and Androgen replacement therapy
Anemia
Anemia or anaemia (British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen.
See Acne and Anemia
Angiofibroma
Angiofibroma (AGF) is a descriptive term for a wide range of benign skin or mucous membrane (i.e. the outer membrane lining body cavities such as the mouth and nose) lesions in which individuals have. Acne and Angiofibroma are cutaneous conditions.
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory or antiphlogistic is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling.
See Acne and Anti-inflammatory
Antiandrogen
Antiandrogens, also known as androgen antagonists or testosterone blockers, are a class of drugs that prevent androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from mediating their biological effects in the body.
Antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.
Antihistamine
Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis, common cold, influenza, and other allergies.
Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life.
See Acne and Antimicrobial peptides
Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials (drugs used to treat infections).
See Acne and Antimicrobial resistance
Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion which is characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events.
See Acne and Anxiety
Anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant and uncontrollable feelings of anxiety and fear such that a person's social, occupational, and personal functions are significantly impaired.
AP-1 transcription factor
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections.
See Acne and AP-1 transcription factor
Apert syndrome
Apert syndrome is a form of acrocephalosyndactyly, a congenital disorder characterized by malformations of the skull, face, hands and feet.
Apitoxin
Apitoxin or bee venom is the venom produced by the honey bee.
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, also known as ALOX5, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, or 5-LO, is a non-heme iron-containing enzyme (EC 1.13.11.34) that in humans is encoded by the ALOX5 gene.
See Acne and Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6), or 20:4(5,8,11,14).
Arbutin
beta-Arbutin, also known as β-arbutin or by its International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) name, arbutin, is a glycosylated derivative of hydroquinone.
See Acne and Arbutin
Asthma
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.
See Acne and Asthma
Austria
Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.
See Acne and Austria
Azelaic acid
Azelaic acid (AzA) is an organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH2)7COOH.
Azithromycin
Azithromycin, sold under the brand names Zithromax (in oral form) and Azasite (as an eye drop), is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
Bacteriophage
A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea.
Bacteriostatic agent
A bacteriostatic agent or bacteriostat, abbreviated Bstatic, is a biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them otherwise.
See Acne and Bacteriostatic agent
Basil
Basil (Ocimum basilicum), also called great basil, is a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae (mints).
See Acne and Basil
Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid is a white (or colorless) solid organic compound with the formula, whose structure consists of a benzene ring with a carboxyl substituent.
Benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
Beta defensin 1
Beta-defensin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB1 gene.
Beta hydroxycarboxylic acid
A beta hydroxy carboxylic acid or β-hydroxy carboxylic acid (BHA) is a carboxylic acid containing a hydroxy functional group separated by two carbon atoms.
See Acne and Beta hydroxycarboxylic acid
Beta-defensin 2
Beta-defensin 2 (BD-2) also known as skin-antimicrobial peptide 1 (SAP1) is a peptide that in humans is encoded by the DEFB4 (defensin, beta 4) gene.
Bicalutamide
Bicalutamide, sold under the brand name Casodex among others, is an antiandrogen medication that is primarily used to treat prostate cancer.
Biofilm
A biofilm is a syntrophic community of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface.
See Acne and Biofilm
Birth control
Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent unintended pregnancy.
Birth defect
A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is an abnormal condition that is present at birth regardless of its cause.
Bodybuilding
Bodybuilding is the practice of progressive resistance exercise to build, control, and develop one's muscles via hypertrophy.
Bone density
Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.
Boxed warning
In the United States, a boxed warning (sometimes "black box warning", colloquially) is a type of warning that appears near the beginning of the package insert for certain prescription drugs, so called because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifies that it is formatted with a 'box' or border around the text to emphasize it is of utmost importance.
Brain tumor
A brain tumor occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain.
British Association of Dermatologists
The British Association of Dermatologists is a charity established in 1920 whose charitable objects are the practice, teaching, training, and research of dermatology.
See Acne and British Association of Dermatologists
Broad-spectrum antibiotic
A broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria.
See Acne and Broad-spectrum antibiotic
Bromide
A bromide ion is the negatively charged form (Br−) of the element bromine, a member of the halogens group on the periodic table.
See Acne and Bromide
Carbon-dioxide laser
The carbon-dioxide laser (CO2 laser) was one of the earliest gas lasers to be developed.
See Acne and Carbon-dioxide laser
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) is an antimicrobial peptide encoded in the human by the CAMP gene.
See Acne and Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Causality
Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly dependent on the cause.
Cauterization
Cauterization (or cauterisation, or cautery) is a medical practice or technique of burning a part of a body to remove or close off a part of it.
Cell cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells.
Cephalosporin
The cephalosporins (sg.) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium, which was previously known as Cephalosporium.
Ceramide
Ceramides are a family of waxy lipid molecules.
Chemical peel
A chemical peel is a treatment used to improve and smooth the texture of the skin.
Chloracne
Chloracne is an acneiform eruption of blackheads, cysts, and pustules associated with exposure to certain halogenated aromatic compounds, such as chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans. Acne and Chloracne are acneiform eruptions.
Chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone acetate (CMA), sold under the brand names Belara, Gynorelle, Lutéran, and Prostal among others, is a progestin and antiandrogen medication which is used in birth control pills to prevent pregnancy, as a component of menopausal hormone therapy, in the treatment of gynecological disorders, and in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions like enlarged prostate and prostate cancer in men and acne and hirsutism in women.
See Acne and Chlormadinone acetate
Cimetidine
Cimetidine, sold under the brand name Tagamet among others, is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production.
Clascoterone
Clascoterone, sold under the brand name Winlevi, is an antiandrogen medication which is used topically in the treatment of acne.
Cleopatra
Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Κλεοπάτρα Θεά ΦιλοπάτωρThe name Cleopatra is pronounced, or sometimes in British English, see, the same as in American English.. Her name was pronounced in the Greek dialect of Egypt (see Koine Greek phonology);Also "Thea Neotera", lit.
Clindamycin
Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibiotic medication used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections, including osteomyelitis (bone) or joint infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, strep throat, pneumonia, acute otitis media (middle ear infections), and endocarditis.
Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide
Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide, sold under the brand name Benzaclin among others, is a topical gel used for the treatment of acne.
See Acne and Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide
Coefficient of relationship
The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals.
See Acne and Coefficient of relationship
Collagen
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of a body's various connective tissues.
Collagen induction therapy
Collagen induction therapy (CIT), also known as microneedling, dermarolling, or skin needling, is a cosmetic procedure that involves repeatedly puncturing the skin with tiny, sterile needles (microneedling the skin).
See Acne and Collagen induction therapy
Combination therapy
Combination therapy or polytherapy is therapy that uses more than one medication or modality.
See Acne and Combination therapy
Combined oral contraceptive pill
The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth control pill or colloquially as "the pill", is a type of birth control that is designed to be taken orally by women.
See Acne and Combined oral contraceptive pill
Comedo
A comedo is a clogged hair follicle (pore) in the skin. Acne and comedo are acneiform eruptions and puberty.
See Acne and Comedo
Comedo extraction
Comedo extraction is a widely used method of treatment for acne vulgaris.
See Acne and Comedo extraction
Commensalism
Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed.
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is an AIS condition that results in the complete inability of the cell to respond to androgens.
See Acne and Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis.
See Acne and Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Connective tissue
Connective tissue is one of the four primary types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
See Acne and Connective tissue
Cosmeceutical
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products with bioactive ingredients purported to have medical benefits.
Cosmetics
Cosmetics are composed of mixtures of chemical compounds derived from either natural sources or synthetically created ones.
Cupping therapy
Cupping therapy is a form of pseudoscience in which a local suction is created on the skin with the application of heated cups.
Cutibacterium acnes
Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) is the relatively slow-growing, typically aerotolerant anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium (rod) linked to the skin condition of acne; it can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis, the latter particularly following intraocular surgery.
See Acne and Cutibacterium acnes
CYP1A1
Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP1A1 gene.
See Acne and CYP1A1
Cyproterone acetate
Cyproterone acetate (CPA), sold alone under the brand name Androcur or with ethinylestradiol under the brand names Diane or Diane-35 among others, is an antiandrogen and progestin medication used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions such as acne, excessive body hair growth, early puberty, and prostate cancer, as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender individuals, and in birth control pills.
See Acne and Cyproterone acetate
Cyst
A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct envelope and division compared with the nearby tissue.
See Acne and Cyst
Cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling.
Dapsone
Dapsone, also known as 4,4'-sulfonyldianiline (SDA) or diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), is an antibiotic commonly used in combination with rifampicin and clofazimine for the treatment of leprosy.
See Acne and Dapsone
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone precursor.
See Acne and Dehydroepiandrosterone
Demodex
Demodex is a genus of tiny mites that live in or near hair follicles of mammals.
See Acne and Demodex
Depression (mood)
Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity.
See Acne and Depression (mood)
Dermabrasion
Dermabrasion is a type of surgical skin planing, generally with the goal of removing acne, scarring and other skin or tissue irregularities, typically performed in a professional medical setting by a dermatologist or plastic surgeon trained specifically in this procedure.
Dermatitis
Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash. Acne and Dermatitis are cutaneous conditions.
Dermatology
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin.
Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain.
See Acne and Dermis
Desogestrel
Desogestrel is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills.
Desquamation
Desquamation, or peeling skin, is the shedding of dead cells from the outermost layer of skin.
Dienogest
Dienogest, sold under the brand name Visanne among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills and in the treatment of endometriosis.
Dietary Reference Intake
The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) of the National Academies (United States).
See Acne and Dietary Reference Intake
Dietary supplement
A dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement a person's diet by taking a pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid.
See Acne and Dietary supplement
Dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 5α-DHT, androstanolone or stanolone) is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone primarily involved in the growth and repair of the prostate and the penis, as well as the production of sebum and body hair composition.
See Acne and Dihydrotestosterone
DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA.
Doxycycline
Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline class used in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and certain parasites.
Drospirenone
Drospirenone is a progestin and antiandrogen medication which is used in birth control pills to prevent pregnancy and in menopausal hormone therapy, among other uses.
Ductus arteriosus
The ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, named after the Italian physiologist Leonardo Botallo, is a blood vessel in the developing fetus connecting the trunk of the pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta.
See Acne and Ductus arteriosus
Dutasteride
Dutasteride, sold under the brand name Avodart among others, is a medication primarily used to treat the symptoms of a benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an enlarged prostate not associated with cancer.
Efficacy
Efficacy is the ability to perform a task to a satisfactory or expected degree.
Enamel hypoplasia
Enamel hypoplasia is a defect of the teeth in which the enamel is deficient in quantity, caused by defective enamel matrix formation during enamel development, as a result of inherited and acquired systemic condition(s).
See Acne and Enamel hypoplasia
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
See Acne and England
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
See Acne and Enzyme
Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population.
Epidermis
The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis.
Epidermoid cyst
An epidermoid cyst or epidermal inclusion cyst is a benign cyst usually found on the skin.
Erythema
Erythema is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
Erythromycin
Erythromycin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
Estrogen (medication)
An estrogen (E) is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy, and as part of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women.
See Acne and Estrogen (medication)
Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate
Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate (EE/CPA), also known as co-cyprindiol and sold under the brand names Diane and Diane-35 among others, is a combination of ethinylestradiol (EE), an estrogen, and cyproterone acetate (CPA), a progestin and antiandrogen, which is used as a birth control pill to prevent pregnancy in women.
See Acne and Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate
Excoriated acne
Excoriated acne is a mild acne accompanied by extensive excoriations caused by the person picking at the pimples (that is, scratching or squeezing them). Acne and Excoriated acne are acneiform eruptions.
Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
Feline acne
Feline acne is a problem seen in cats primarily involving the formation of blackheads accompanied by inflammation on the cat's chin and surrounding areas that can cause lesions, alopecia, and crusty sores. Acne and Feline acne are acneiform eruptions.
Feminization (biology)
In biology and medicine, feminization is the development in an organism of physical characteristics that are usually unique to the females of the species.
See Acne and Feminization (biology)
Fetus
A fetus or foetus (fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn offspring that develops from a mammal embryo.
See Acne and Fetus
Finasteride
Finasteride, sold under the brand names Proscar and Propecia among others, is a medication used to treat pattern hair loss and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men.
Fitzpatrick scale
The Fitzpatrick scale (also Fitzpatrick skin typing test; or Fitzpatrick phototyping scale) is a numerical classification schema for human skin color.
See Acne and Fitzpatrick scale
Flat wart
Flat warts, technically known as verruca plana, are reddish-brown or flesh-colored, slightly raised, flat-surfaced, well-demarcated papule of 2 to 5 mm in diameter.
Flushing (physiology)
Flushing is to become markedly red in the face and often other areas of the skin, from various physiological conditions.
See Acne and Flushing (physiology)
Flutamide
Flutamide, sold under the brand name Eulexin among others, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) which is used primarily to treat prostate cancer.
Folliculitis
Folliculitis is the infection and inflammation of one or more hair follicles.
Food and Drug Administration
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.
See Acne and Food and Drug Administration
François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix
François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix (May 12, 1706 – February 19, 1767) was a French physician and botanist who was a native of Alès.
See Acne and François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
See Acne and Gene
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.
See Acne and Genome
Glucocorticoid
Glucocorticoids (or, less commonly, glucocorticosteroids) are a class of corticosteroids, which are a class of steroid hormones.
Glycemic load
The glycemic load (GL) of food is a number that estimates how much the food will raise a person's blood glucose level after it is eaten.
Glycolic acid
Glycolic acid (or hydroxyacetic acid; chemical formula) is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid, highly soluble in water.
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world.
Greece
Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.
See Acne and Greece
Growth hormone
Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin, also known as human growth hormone (hGH or HGH) in its human form, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.
Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia (also spelled gynaecomastia) is the abnormal non-cancerous enlargement of one or both breasts in males due to the growth of breast tissue as a result of a hormone imbalance between estrogens and androgens.
Hair follicle
The hair follicle is an organ found in mammalian skin.
Hair loss
Hair loss, also known as alopecia or baldness, refers to a loss of hair from part of the head or body.
Hepatotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity (from hepatic toxicity) implies chemical-driven liver damage.
Herbal medicine
Herbal medicine (also called herbalism, phytomedicine or phytotherapy) is the study of pharmacognosy and the use of medicinal plants, which are a basis of traditional medicine.
Heritability
Heritability is a statistic used in the fields of breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population.
Hidradenitis suppurativa
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), sometimes known as acne inversa or Verneuil's disease, is a long-term dermatological condition characterized by the occurrence of inflamed and swollen lumps. Acne and Hidradenitis suppurativa are acneiform eruptions.
See Acne and Hidradenitis suppurativa
Hirsutism
Hirsutism is excessive body hair on parts of the body where hair is normally absent or minimal.
Homogentisic acid
Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a phenolic acid usually found in Arbutus unedo (strawberry-tree) honey.
See Acne and Homogentisic acid
Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.
See Acne and Hormone
Hyaluronic acid
Hyaluronic acid (abbreviated HA; conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues.
Hydantoin
Hydantoin, or glycolylurea, is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH2C(O)NHC(O)NH.
Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone, also known as benzene-1,4-diol or quinol, is an aromatic organic compound that is a type of phenol, a derivative of benzene, having the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2.
Hygiene
Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.
See Acne and Hygiene
Hyperkeratinization
Hyperkeratinization (American English or hyperkeratinisation in British) is a disorder of the cells lining the inside of a hair follicle.
See Acne and Hyperkeratinization
Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation is the darkening of an area of skin or nails caused by increased melanin.
See Acne and Hyperpigmentation
Hypertrophic scar
A hypertrophic scar is a cutaneous condition characterized by deposits of excessive amounts of collagen which gives rise to a raised scar, but not to the degree observed with keloids.
See Acne and Hypertrophic scar
Hypoestrogenism
Hypoestrogenism, or estrogen deficiency, refers to a lower than normal level of estrogen.
Hypopigmentation
Hypopigmentation is characterized specifically as an area of skin becoming lighter than the baseline skin color, but not completely devoid of pigment.
Hypospadias
Hypospadias is a common malformation in fetal development of the penis in which the urethra does not open from its usual location on the head of the penis.
Immune system
The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases.
Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
Injectable filler
Injectable filler (injectable cosmetic filler, injectable facial filler) is a soft tissue filler made of polysaccharides injected into the skin at different depths.
See Acne and Injectable filler
Innate immune system
The innate immune system or nonspecific immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies (the other being the adaptive immune system) in vertebrates.
See Acne and Innate immune system
Insulin-like growth factor 1
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a hormone similar in molecular structure to insulin which plays an important role in childhood growth, and has anabolic effects in adults.
See Acne and Insulin-like growth factor 1
Interleukin 1-alpha
Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) also known as hematopoietin 1 is a cytokine of the interleukin 1 family that in humans is encoded by the IL1A gene.
See Acne and Interleukin 1-alpha
Interleukin 8
Interleukin 8 (IL-8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, CXCL8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.
Iodide
An iodide ion is the ion I−.
See Acne and Iodide
IPLEDGE program
The iPLEDGE program is a program by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) intended to manage the risk of birth defects caused by isotretinoin (also known as Accutane), a prescription medication used for the treatment of acne.
Irregular menstruation
Irregular menstruation is a menstrual disorder whose manifestations include irregular cycle lengths as well as metrorrhagia (vaginal bleeding between expected periods).
See Acne and Irregular menstruation
Isoniazid
Isoniazid, also known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), is an antibiotic used for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Isotretinoin
Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid and sold under the brand name Accutane among others, is a medication used to prevent certain skin cancers such as squamous-cell carcinoma and to treat skin diseases like harlequin-type ichthyosis, and lamellar ichthyosis, and severe cystic acne or moderate acne that is unresponsive to antibiotics.
Joseph Jakob Plenck
Joseph Jakob Ritter Plenk or Plenck (28 November 1738 – 24 August 1807) was a physician and polymath in the Holy Roman Empire.
See Acne and Joseph Jakob Plenck
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology
The Journal of Drugs in Dermatology is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal of dermatology published by Sanovaworks.
See Acne and Journal of Drugs in Dermatology
Keloid
Keloid, also known as keloid disorder and keloidal scar, is the formation of a type of scar which, depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III (early) or type I (late) collagen.
See Acne and Keloid
Keratinocyte
Keratinocytes are the primary type of cell found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.
Keratolytic
Keratolytic therapy is a type of medical treatment to remove warts, calluses and other lesions in which the epidermis produces excess skin.
Keratosis pilaris
Keratosis pilaris (KP; also follicular keratosis, lichen pilaris, or colloquially chicken skin) is a common, autosomal-dominant, genetic condition of the skin's hair follicles characterized by the appearance of possibly itchy, small, gooseflesh-like bumps, with varying degrees of reddening or inflammation.
See Acne and Keratosis pilaris
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole, sold under the brand name Nizoral among others, is an antiandrogen, antifungal, and antiglucocorticoid medication used to treat a number of fungal infections.
Lactic acid
Lactic acid is an organic acid.
Laron syndrome
Laron syndrome (LS), also known as growth hormone insensitivity or growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD), is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a lack of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; somatomedin-C) production in response to growth hormone (GH; hGH; somatotropin).
Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
See Acne and Laser
Leukotriene B4
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a leukotriene involved in inflammation.
Light therapy
Light therapy, also called phototherapy or bright light therapy is the exposure to direct sunlight or artificial light at controlled wavelengths in order to treat a variety of medical disorders, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD), circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, cancers, and skin wound infections.
Lipase
In biochemistry, lipase refers to a class of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats.
See Acne and Lipase
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
See Acne and Lipid
Lithium (medication)
Certain lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are used as psychiatric medication, primarily for bipolar disorder and for major depressive disorder.
See Acne and Lithium (medication)
Low birth weight
Low birth weight (LBW) is defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of an infant of or less, regardless of gestational age.
Low-carbohydrate diet
Low-carbohydrate diets restrict carbohydrate consumption relative to the average diet.
See Acne and Low-carbohydrate diet
Lucius Duncan Bulkley
Lucius Duncan Bulkley (January 12, 1845 – July 20, 1928) was an American dermatologist and alternative cancer treatment advocate.
See Acne and Lucius Duncan Bulkley
Macrophage
Macrophages (abbreviated Mφ, MΦ or MP) are a type of white blood cell of the innate immune system that engulf and digest pathogens, such as cancer cells, microbes, cellular debris, and foreign substances, which do not have proteins that are specific to healthy body cells on their surface.
Major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.
See Acne and Major depressive disorder
Masturbation
Masturbation is a form of autoeroticism in which a person sexually stimulates their own genitals for sexual arousal or other sexual pleasure, usually to the point of orgasm.
Matrix metalloproteinase
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also known as matrix metallopeptidases or matrixins, are metalloproteinases that are calcium-dependent zinc-containing endopeptidases; other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins.
See Acne and Matrix metalloproteinase
MedlinePlus
MedlinePlus is an online information service produced by the United States National Library of Medicine.
Melanin
Melanin is a family of biomolecules organized as oligomers or polymers, which among other functions provide the pigments of many organisms.
See Acne and Melanin
Melanocyte
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart found in many mammals and birds.
Mendelian inheritance
Mendelian inheritance (also known as Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance following the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and later popularized by William Bateson.
See Acne and Mendelian inheritance
Menstruation
Menstruation (also known as a period, among other colloquial terms) is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina.
Methyl aminolevulinate
Methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) is a drug used as a sensitizer in photodynamic therapy.
See Acne and Methyl aminolevulinate
Metronidazole
Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication.
Microparticle
Microparticles are particles between 0.1 and 100 μm in size.
Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye).
Miliaria
Miliaria, commonly known as heat rash, sweat rash, or prickly heat, is a skin disease marked by small, itchy rashes due to sweat trapped under the skin by clogged sweat-gland ducts.
Milium (dermatology)
A milium (milia), also called a milk spot or an oil seed, is a clog of the eccrine sweat gland.
See Acne and Milium (dermatology)
Millimetre
Different lengths as in respect to the electromagnetic spectrum, measured by the metre and its derived scales. The microwave is between 1 meter to 1 '''millimeter'''. The millimetre (international spelling; SI unit symbol mm) or millimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one thousandth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
A mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA or MCRA) or aldosterone antagonist, is a diuretic drug which antagonizes the action of aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors.
See Acne and Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
Minocycline
Minocycline, sold under the brand name Minocin among others, is a tetracycline antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections such as some occurring in certain forms of pneumonia.
Miscarriage
Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion, is the death and expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive independently.
Moisturizer
A moisturizer, or emollient, is a cosmetic preparation used for protecting, moisturizing, and lubricating the skin.
Monograph
A monograph is a specialist written work (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on one subject or one aspect of a usually scholarly subject, often by a single author or artist.
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) from which all carbohydrates are built.
Nadifloxacin
Nadifloxacin (INN, brand names Acuatim, Nadiflox, Nadoxin, Nadixa, Activon) is a topical fluoroquinolone antibiotic for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Narrow-spectrum antibiotic
A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that is only able to kill or inhibit limited species of bacteria.
See Acne and Narrow-spectrum antibiotic
Neoplasm
A neoplasm is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.
Neutrophil
Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes, heterophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are a type of white blood cell.
New Scientist
New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology.
NF-κB
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factor protein complexes that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival.
See Acne and NF-κB
Nicotinamide
Niacinamide or nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication.
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula.
Nodule (medicine)
In medicine, nodules are small firm lumps, usually greater than 1 cm in diameter.
See Acne and Nodule (medicine)
Norethisterone
Norethisterone, also known as norethindrone and sold under many brand names, is a progestin medication used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders.
Norgestimate
Norgestimate, sold under the brand names Ortho Tri-Cyclen and Previfem among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills for women and in menopausal hormone therapy.
Norgestrel
Norgestrel is a progestin which is used in birth control pills sold under the brand name Ovral in combination with the estrogen ethinylestradiol and Opill by itself.
Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have negative effects on health.
See Acne and Obesity
Occlusive dressing
An occlusive dressing is an air- and water-tight trauma medical dressing used in first aid.
See Acne and Occlusive dressing
Occupational acne
Occupational acne is caused by several different groups of industrial compounds, including coal tar derivatives, insoluble cutting oils, and chlorinated hydrocarbons (chlornaphthalenes, chlordiphenyls, and chlordiphenyloxides). Acne and Occupational acne are acneiform eruptions.
See Acne and Occupational acne
Ochronosis
Ochronosis is a syndrome caused by the accumulation of homogentisic acid in connective tissues.
Oligohydramnios
Oligohydramnios is a medical condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid, the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the abdomen, in the amniotic sac.
Oligosaccharide
An oligosaccharide is a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically three to ten) of monosaccharides (simple sugars).
Osteoma cutis
Osteoma cutis is a cutaneous condition characterized by the presence of bone within the skin in the absence of a preexisting or associated lesion.
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia).
Papule
A papule is a small, well-defined bump in the skin.
See Acne and Papule
Paraguay
Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay (República del Paraguay; Paraguái Tavakuairetã), is a landlocked country in South America.
Penicillin
Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens.
Perioral dermatitis
Perioral dermatitis, also known as periorificial dermatitis, is a common type of inflammatory skin rash. Acne and Perioral dermatitis are acneiform eruptions.
See Acne and Perioral dermatitis
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
In the field of molecular biology, the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes.
See Acne and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), also known as NR1C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 1), is a nuclear receptor protein functioning as a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the PPARA gene.
See Acne and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
Phage therapy
Phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections.
Pharaoh
Pharaoh (Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ|Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: Parʿō) is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE.
See Acne and Pharaoh
Pharmaceutical formulation
Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product.
See Acne and Pharmaceutical formulation
Photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance used in conjunction with molecular oxygen to elicit cell death (phototoxicity).
See Acne and Photodynamic therapy
Photorejuvenation
Photorejuvenation is a skin treatment that uses lasers, intense pulsed light, or photodynamic therapy to treat skin conditions and remove effects of photoaging such as wrinkles, spots, and textures.
See Acne and Photorejuvenation
Photosensitivity
Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light.
Photosensitizer
Photosensitizers are light absorbers that alter the course of a photochemical reaction.
Physician
A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments.
Pimple
A pimple or zit is a kind of comedo that results from excess sebum and dead skin cells getting trapped in the pores of the skin.
See Acne and Pimple
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is the synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate.
See Acne and Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome, or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age.
See Acne and Polycystic ovary syndrome
Polymorphism (biology)
In biology, polymorphism is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.
See Acne and Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphous light eruption
Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) presents with itchy red small bumps on sun-exposed skin, particularly face, neck, forearms and legs.
See Acne and Polymorphous light eruption
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a skin condition characterized by the darkening of the skin (hyperpigmentation) following an inflammatory injury, such as acne, dermatitis, infectious disease, or trauma.
See Acne and Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
Preclinical development
In drug development, preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.
See Acne and Preclinical development
Pregnancy category
The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy.
See Acne and Pregnancy category
Pregnancy test
A pregnancy test is used to determine whether a female is pregnant or not.
Premenstrual syndrome
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a disruptive set of emotional and physical symptoms that regularly occur in the one to two weeks before the start of each menstrual period.
See Acne and Premenstrual syndrome
Preterm birth
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks.
Probiotic
Probiotics are live microorganisms promoted with claims that they provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring the gut microbiota.
Progestogen (medication)
A progestogen, also referred to as a progestagen, gestagen, or gestogen, is a type of medication which produces effects similar to those of the natural female sex hormone progesterone in the body.
See Acne and Progestogen (medication)
Progestogen-only contraception
Progestogen-only contraception (or progestin-only contraception) relies on progestogens alone to achieve contraception.
See Acne and Progestogen-only contraception
Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.
Puberty
Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.
See Acne and Puberty
Pyogenic granuloma
A pyogenic granuloma or lobular capillary hemangioma is a vascular tumor that occurs on both mucosa and skin, and appears as an overgrowth of tissue due to irritation, physical trauma, or hormonal factors.
See Acne and Pyogenic granuloma
Radical (chemistry)
In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron.
See Acne and Radical (chemistry)
Radiofrequency ablation
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), also called fulguration, is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, tumor or other dysfunctional tissue is ablated using the heat generated from medium frequency alternating current (in the range of 350–500 kHz).
See Acne and Radiofrequency ablation
Randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control.
See Acne and Randomized controlled trial
Reactive oxygen species
In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen, water, and hydrogen peroxide.
See Acne and Reactive oxygen species
Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
See Acne and Receptor antagonist
Redox
Redox (reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change.
See Acne and Redox
Retinal
Retinal (also known as retinaldehyde) is a polyene chromophore.
See Acne and Retinal
Retinoic acid
Retinoic acid (used simplified here for all-trans-retinoic acid) is a metabolite of vitamin A1 (all-trans-retinol) that mediates the functions of vitamin A1 required for growth and development.
Retinoid
The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are vitamers of vitamin A or are chemically related to it.
Retinol
Retinol, also called vitamin A1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
See Acne and Retinol
Robert Willan
Robert Willan (12 November 1757 near Sedbergh, Yorkshire, England – 7 April 1812 in Madeira, Portugal) was an English physician, and the founder of dermatology as a medical specialty.
Rosacea
Rosacea is a long-term skin condition that typically affects the face. Acne and Rosacea are acneiform eruptions and cutaneous conditions.
See Acne and Rosacea
Salicylic acid
Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH.
Sarecycline
Sarecycline, sold under the brand name Seysara, is a narrow-spectrum tetracycline-derived antibiotic medication.
Scar
A scar (or scar tissue) is an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury.
See Acne and Scar
Seaweed
Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae.
See Acne and Seaweed
Sebaceous gland
A sebaceous gland or oil gland is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals.
Self-esteem
Self-esteem is confidence in one's own worth, abilities, or morals.
Sex
Sex is the biological trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing organism produces male or female gametes.
See Acne and Sex
Sexual dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction is difficulty experienced by an individual or partners during any stage of normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal, or orgasm.
See Acne and Sexual dysfunction
Sexually transmitted infection
A sexually transmitted infection (STI), also referred to as a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and the older term venereal disease (VD), is an infection that is spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, oral sex, or sometimes manual sex.
See Acne and Sexually transmitted infection
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
In genetics and bioinformatics, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; plural SNPs) is a germline substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific position in the genome.
See Acne and Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Skin condition
A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, nails, and related muscle and glands. Acne and skin condition are cutaneous conditions.
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus.
Sodium metabisulfite
Sodium metabisulfite or sodium pyrosulfite (IUPAC spelling; Br. E. sodium metabisulphite or sodium pyrosulphite) is an inorganic compound of chemical formula Na2S2O5.
See Acne and Sodium metabisulfite
Spironolactone
Spironolactone, sold under the brand name Aldactone among others, is a diuretic medication primarily used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.
Squalene
Squalene is an organic compound.
Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Δ-9-desaturase or SCD-1) is an endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the formation of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), specifically oleate and palmitoleate from stearoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-CoA.
See Acne and Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase
Steroid acne
Steroid acne is an adverse reaction to corticosteroids, and presents as small, firm follicular papules on the forehead, cheeks, and chest.
Stillbirth
Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy, depending on the source.
Subcutaneous tissue
The subcutaneous tissue, also called the hypodermis, hypoderm, subcutis, or superficial fascia, is the lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates.
See Acne and Subcutaneous tissue
Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
See Acne and Sugar
Suicidal ideation
Suicidal ideation, or suicidal thoughts, is the thought process of having ideas, or ruminations about the possibility of completing suicide.
See Acne and Suicidal ideation
Suicide
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death.
See Acne and Suicide
Sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide is a sulfonamide antibiotic.
Sulfur
Sulfur (also spelled sulphur in British English) is a chemical element; it has symbol S and atomic number 16.
See Acne and Sulfur
Sunburn
Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, usually from the Sun.
See Acne and Sunburn
Sunscreen
Sunscreen, also known as sunblock, sun lotion or sun cream, is a photoprotective topical product for the skin that helps protect against sunburn and prevent skin cancer.
Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.
Systematic review
A systematic review is a scholarly synthesis of the evidence on a clearly presented topic using critical methods to identify, define and assess research on the topic.
See Acne and Systematic review
T cell
T cells are one of the important types of white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response.
See Acne and T cell
T helper cell
The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role in the adaptive immune system.
Tazarotene
Tazarotene, sold under the brand name Tazorac, among others, is a third-generation prescription topical retinoid.
Tea tree oil
Tea tree oil, also known as melaleuca oil, is an essential oil with a fresh, camphoraceous odor and a colour that ranges from pale yellow to nearly colourless and clear.
Teratology
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development in organisms during their life span.
Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males.
Tetracycline
Tetracycline, sold under various brand names, is an oral antibiotic in the tetracyclines family of medications, used to treat a number of infections, including acne, cholera, brucellosis, plague, malaria, and syphilis.
Thomas Bateman (physician)
Thomas Bateman (29 April 1778 – 9 April 1821) was a British physician and a pioneer in the field of dermatology who was a native of Whitby, Yorkshire.
See Acne and Thomas Bateman (physician)
Tobacco smoking
Tobacco smoking is the practice of burning tobacco and ingesting the resulting smoke.
Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system.
See Acne and Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptor 2
Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene.
See Acne and Toll-like receptor 2
Toll-like receptor 4
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), also designated as CD284 (cluster of differentiation 284), is a key activator of the innate immune response and plays a central role in the fight against bacterial infections.
See Acne and Toll-like receptor 4
Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.
See Acne and Topical medication
Tretinoin
Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), is a medication used for the treatment of acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA; TCAA; also known as trichloroethanoic acid) is an analogue of acetic acid in which the three hydrogen atoms of the methyl group have all been replaced by chlorine atoms.
See Acne and Trichloroacetic acid
Trifarotene
Trifarotene, sold under the brand name Aklief, is a medication for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris.
Triglyceride
A triglyceride (from tri- and glyceride; also TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids.
Tropical acne
Tropical acne is unusually severe acne occurring in the tropics during seasons when the weather is hot and humid. Acne and Tropical acne are acneiform eruptions.
Tubercle
In anatomy, a tubercle (literally 'small tuber', Latin for 'lump') is any round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal organs of a plant or an animal.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.
Tumor necrosis factor
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin; formerly known as tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα or TNF-α) is a cytokine and member of the TNF superfamily, which consists of various transmembrane proteins with a homologous TNF domain.
See Acne and Tumor necrosis factor
Tumor necrosis factor superfamily
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily is a protein superfamily of type II transmembrane proteins containing TNF homology domain and forming trimers.
See Acne and Tumor necrosis factor superfamily
Twin study
Twin studies are studies conducted on identical or fraternal twins.
Tyrosinase
Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin.
Tyrosine
-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins.
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease.
See Acne and Vaccine
Variable cost
Variable costs are costs that change as the quantity of the good or service that a business produces changes.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, hence an essential nutrient.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism.
Vitamin B3
Vitamin B3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside.
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
Whey protein
Whey protein is a mixture of proteins isolated from whey, the liquid material created as a by-product of cheese production.
William James Erasmus Wilson
Sir William James Erasmus Wilson FRCS FRS (25 November 18097 August 1884), generally known as Sir Erasmus Wilson, was an English surgeon and dermatologist.
See Acne and William James Erasmus Wilson
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Xeroderma
Xeroderma, xerosis or xerosis cutis, or simply dry skin, is a skin condition characterized by excessively dry skin.
XYY syndrome
XYY syndrome, also known as Jacobs syndrome, is an aneuploid genetic condition in which a male has an extra Y chromosome.
5α-Reductase inhibitor
5α-Reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), also known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) blockers, are a class of medications with antiandrogenic effects which are used primarily in the treatment of enlarged prostate and scalp hair loss.
See Acne and 5α-Reductase inhibitor
See also
Acneiform eruptions
- Acne
- Acne aestivalis
- Acne conglobata
- Acne cosmetica
- Acne fulminans
- Acne keloidalis nuchae
- Acne mechanica
- Acne medicamentosa
- Acne miliaris necrotica
- Acne with facial edema
- Acneiform eruption
- Blepharophyma
- Chloracne
- Comedo
- Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp
- Excoriated acne
- Feline acne
- Gnathophyma
- Gram-negative folliculitis
- Gram-negative rosacea
- Granulomatous facial dermatitis
- Halogen acne
- Hidradenitis suppurativa
- Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma
- Infantile acne
- Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei
- Maskne
- Metophyma
- Neonatal acne
- Occupational acne
- Ocular rosacea
- Oil acne
- Otophyma
- PAPA syndrome
- Perioral dermatitis
- Periorbital dermatitis
- Persistent edema of rosacea
- Pomade acne
- Rhinophyma
- Rosacea
- SAPHO syndrome
- Steroid folliculitis
- Steroid rosacea
- Tar acne
- Tropical acne
Greek inventions
- Acne
- Analog computer
- Ancient Greek technology
- Ancient Olympic Games
- Antikythera mechanism
- Armillary sphere
- Astrolabe
- Astronomical clock
- Ballista
- Bellows
- Calipers
- Central heating
- Chain pump
- Clock tower
- Crossbow
- Escapement
- Euclidean geometry
- Flexible glass
- Frappé coffee
- Gimbal
- Gnomon
- Greek fire
- Hand fan
- Hydraulis of Dion
- Laouto
- Lighthouse
- List of Greek inventions and discoveries
- Marathon
- Metaxa
- Odometer
- Oil lamp
- Oudola
- Pap test
- Quadrant (instrument)
- Sacrificial tripod
- Sarissa
- Shower
- Souvlaki
- Tragedy
- Tsipouro
- Vending machine
- Water organ
- Weather vane
- Worm drive
Puberty
- Acne
- Adolescence
- Baligh
- Breast development
- Comedo
- Delayed puberty
- Estrogen
- Fertility preservation
- Gonadarche
- Hebephilia
- Intonjane
- Menarche
- Menstrual cycle
- Preadolescence
- Puberty
- Puberty blocker
- Puberty blockers
- Puberty menorrhagia
- Pubic hair
- Secondary sexual characteristics
- Spermarche
- Tanner scale
- Teenage pregnancy
- Tuber cinereum hamartoma
- Voice change
References
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Dermabrasion, Dermatitis, Dermatology, Dermis, Desogestrel, Desquamation, Dienogest, Dietary Reference Intake, Dietary supplement, Dihydrotestosterone, DNA sequencing, Doxycycline, Drospirenone, Ductus arteriosus, Dutasteride, Efficacy, Enamel hypoplasia, England, Enzyme, Epidemiology, Epidermis, Epidermoid cyst, Erythema, Erythromycin, Estrogen (medication), Ethinylestradiol/cyproterone acetate, Excoriated acne, Fatty acid, Feline acne, Feminization (biology), Fetus, Finasteride, Fitzpatrick scale, Flat wart, Flushing (physiology), Flutamide, Folliculitis, Food and Drug Administration, François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix, Gene, Genetics, Genome, Glucocorticoid, Glycemic load, Glycolic acid, Great Depression, Greece, Growth hormone, Gynecomastia, Hair follicle, Hair loss, Hepatotoxicity, Herbal medicine, Heritability, Hidradenitis suppurativa, Hirsutism, Homogentisic acid, Hormone, Hyaluronic acid, Hydantoin, Hydroquinone, Hygiene, Hyperkeratinization, Hyperpigmentation, Hypertrophic scar, Hypoestrogenism, Hypopigmentation, Hypospadias, Immune system, Inflammation, Injectable filler, Innate immune system, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Interleukin 1-alpha, Interleukin 8, Iodide, IPLEDGE program, Irregular menstruation, Isoniazid, Isotretinoin, Joseph Jakob Plenck, Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, Keloid, Keratinocyte, Keratolytic, Keratosis pilaris, Ketoconazole, Lactic acid, Laron syndrome, Laser, Leukotriene B4, Light therapy, Lipase, Lipid, Lithium (medication), Low birth weight, Low-carbohydrate diet, Lucius Duncan Bulkley, Macrophage, Major depressive disorder, Masturbation, Matrix metalloproteinase, MedlinePlus, Melanin, Melanocyte, Mendelian inheritance, Menstruation, Methyl aminolevulinate, Metronidazole, Microparticle, Microscopy, Miliaria, Milium (dermatology), Millimetre, Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, Minocycline, Miscarriage, Moisturizer, Monograph, Monosaccharide, Nadifloxacin, Narrow-spectrum antibiotic, Neoplasm, Neutrophil, New Scientist, NF-κB, Nicotinamide, Nitric oxide, Nodule (medicine), Norethisterone, Norgestimate, Norgestrel, Obesity, Occlusive dressing, Occupational acne, Ochronosis, Oligohydramnios, Oligosaccharide, Osteoma cutis, Papua New Guinea, Papule, Paraguay, Penicillin, Perioral dermatitis, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, Phage therapy, Pharaoh, Pharmaceutical formulation, Photodynamic therapy, Photorejuvenation, Photosensitivity, Photosensitizer, Physician, Pimple, Poly(methyl methacrylate), Polycystic ovary syndrome, Polymorphism (biology), Polymorphous light eruption, Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, Preclinical development, Pregnancy category, Pregnancy test, Premenstrual syndrome, Preterm birth, Probiotic, Progestogen (medication), Progestogen-only contraception, Psychology, Puberty, Pyogenic granuloma, Radical (chemistry), Radiofrequency ablation, Randomized controlled trial, Reactive oxygen species, Receptor antagonist, Redox, Retinal, Retinoic acid, Retinoid, Retinol, Robert Willan, Rosacea, Salicylic acid, Sarecycline, Scar, Seaweed, Sebaceous gland, Self-esteem, Sex, Sexual dysfunction, Sexually transmitted infection, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Skin condition, Smallpox, Sodium metabisulfite, Spironolactone, Squalene, Stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase, Steroid acne, Stillbirth, Subcutaneous tissue, Sugar, Suicidal ideation, Suicide, Sulfacetamide, Sulfur, Sunburn, Sunscreen, Syphilis, Systematic review, T cell, T helper cell, Tazarotene, Tea tree oil, Teratology, Testosterone, Tetracycline, Thomas Bateman (physician), Tobacco smoking, Toll-like receptor, Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 4, Topical medication, Tretinoin, Trichloroacetic acid, Trifarotene, Triglyceride, Tropical acne, Tubercle, Tuberculosis, Tumor necrosis factor, Tumor necrosis factor superfamily, Twin study, Tyrosinase, Tyrosine, Ultraviolet, United Kingdom, United States, Vaccine, Variable cost, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B3, Western world, Whey protein, William James Erasmus Wilson, World War II, Xeroderma, XYY syndrome, 5α-Reductase inhibitor.