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Adrenal cortex

Index Adrenal cortex

The adrenal cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of the adrenal gland. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 57 relations: Addison's disease, Adrenal cortex, Adrenal gland, Adrenal insufficiency, Adrenarche, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Adrenopause, Aldosterone, Aldosterone synthase, Androgen, Androstenedione, Anterior pituitary, Bile salt sulfotransferase, Blood pressure, Calcium, Calcium channel, Cell growth, Cholesterol, Collecting duct system, Corticosteroid, Corticosterone, Cortisol, Cushing's disease, Cushing's syndrome, CYP17A1, De novo synthesis, Dehydroandrosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, Deoxycorticosterone, Dihydrotestosterone, Distal convoluted tubule, Estrogen, Estrone, Glucocorticoid, Hormone, Mesoderm, Metabolism, Mineralocorticoid, Neural cell adhesion molecule, Neuroendocrine cell, Ovary, Primary aldosteronism, Renin–angiotensin system, Secondary sex characteristic, Steroid, Steroid 11β-hydroxylase, Sulfotransferase, Testicle, ... Expand index (7 more) »

  2. Adrenal gland

Addison's disease

Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex), causing adrenal insufficiency.

See Adrenal cortex and Addison's disease

Adrenal cortex

The adrenal cortex is the outer region and also the largest part of the adrenal gland. Adrenal cortex and adrenal cortex are adrenal gland.

See Adrenal cortex and Adrenal cortex

Adrenal gland

The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.

See Adrenal cortex and Adrenal gland

Adrenal insufficiency

Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones.

See Adrenal cortex and Adrenal insufficiency

Adrenarche

Adrenarche is an early stage in sexual maturation that happens in some higher primates (including humans), typically peaks at around 20 years of age, and is involved in the development of pubic hair, body odor, skin oiliness, axillary hair, sexual attraction/sexual desire/increased libido and mild acne.

See Adrenal cortex and Adrenarche

Adrenocortical carcinoma

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer originating in the cortex (steroid hormone-producing tissue) of the adrenal gland.

See Adrenal cortex and Adrenocortical carcinoma

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

See Adrenal cortex and Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Adrenopause

Adrenopause is the decline in secretion and levels of adrenal androgens such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) from the zona reticularis of the adrenal glands with age.

See Adrenal cortex and Adrenopause

Aldosterone

Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland.

See Adrenal cortex and Aldosterone

Aldosterone synthase

Aldosterone synthase, also called steroid 18-hydroxylase, corticosterone 18-monooxygenase or P450C18, is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the mineralocorticoid aldosterone and other steroids.

See Adrenal cortex and Aldosterone synthase

Androgen

An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.

See Adrenal cortex and Androgen

Androstenedione

Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous weak androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of estrone and of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

See Adrenal cortex and Androstenedione

Anterior pituitary

A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior) is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis) which, in humans, is located at the base of the brain, protruding off the bottom of the hypothalamus.

See Adrenal cortex and Anterior pituitary

Bile salt sulfotransferase

Bile salt sulfotransferase also known as hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (HST) or sulfotransferase 2A1 (ST2A1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SULT2A1 gene.

See Adrenal cortex and Bile salt sulfotransferase

Blood pressure

Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.

See Adrenal cortex and Blood pressure

Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Calcium channel

A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions.

See Adrenal cortex and Calcium channel

Cell growth

Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume.

See Adrenal cortex and Cell growth

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

See Adrenal cortex and Cholesterol

Collecting duct system

The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis.

See Adrenal cortex and Collecting duct system

Corticosteroid

Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.

See Adrenal cortex and Corticosteroid

Corticosterone

Corticosterone, also known as 17-deoxycortisol and 11β,21-dihydroxyprogesterone, is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.

See Adrenal cortex and Corticosterone

Cortisol

Cortisol is a steroid hormone in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone.

See Adrenal cortex and Cortisol

Cushing's disease

Cushing's disease is one cause of Cushing's syndrome characterised by increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary (secondary hypercortisolism).

See Adrenal cortex and Cushing's disease

Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids such as cortisol.

See Adrenal cortex and Cushing's syndrome

CYP17A1

Cytochrome P450 17A1 (steroid 17α-monooxygenase, 17α-hydroxylase, 17-alpha-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, 17,20-desmolase) is an enzyme of the hydroxylase type that in humans is encoded by the CYP17A1 gene on chromosome 10.

See Adrenal cortex and CYP17A1

De novo synthesis

In chemistry, de novo synthesis is the synthesis of complex molecules from simple molecules such as sugars or amino acids, as opposed to recycling after partial degradation.

See Adrenal cortex and De novo synthesis

Dehydroandrosterone

Dehydroandrosterone (DHA), or 5-dehydroandrosterone (5-DHA), also known as isoandrostenolone, as well as androst-5-en-3α-ol-17-one, is an endogenous androgen steroid hormone.

See Adrenal cortex and Dehydroandrosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone precursor.

See Adrenal cortex and Dehydroepiandrosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, abbreviated as DHEA sulfate or DHEA-S, also known as androstenolone sulfate, is an endogenous androstane steroid that is produced by the adrenal cortex.

See Adrenal cortex and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

Deoxycorticosterone

Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), or desoxycorticosterone, may refer to.

See Adrenal cortex and Deoxycorticosterone

Dihydrotestosterone

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 5α-DHT, androstanolone or stanolone) is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone primarily involved in the growth and repair of the prostate and the penis, as well as the production of sebum and body hair composition.

See Adrenal cortex and Dihydrotestosterone

Distal convoluted tubule

The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting tubule.

See Adrenal cortex and Distal convoluted tubule

Estrogen

Estrogen (oestrogen; see spelling differences) is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.

See Adrenal cortex and Estrogen

Estrone

Estrone (E1), also spelled oestrone, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone.

See Adrenal cortex and Estrone

Glucocorticoid

Glucocorticoids (or, less commonly, glucocorticosteroids) are a class of corticosteroids, which are a class of steroid hormones.

See Adrenal cortex and Glucocorticoid

Hormone

A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.

See Adrenal cortex and Hormone

Mesoderm

The mesoderm is the middle layer of the three germ layers that develops during gastrulation in the very early development of the embryo of most animals.

See Adrenal cortex and Mesoderm

Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.

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Mineralocorticoid

Mineralocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids, which in turn are a class of steroid hormones.

See Adrenal cortex and Mineralocorticoid

Neural cell adhesion molecule

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also called CD56, is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia and skeletal muscle.

See Adrenal cortex and Neural cell adhesion molecule

Neuroendocrine cell

Neuroendocrine cells are cells that receive neuronal input (through neurotransmitters released by nerve cells or neurosecretory cells) and, as a consequence of this input, release messenger molecules (hormones) into the blood.

See Adrenal cortex and Neuroendocrine cell

Ovary

The ovary is a gonad in the female reproductive system that produces ova.

See Adrenal cortex and Ovary

Primary aldosteronism

Primary aldosteronism (PA), also known as primary hyperaldosteronism, refers to the excess production of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal glands, resulting in low renin levels and high blood pressure.

See Adrenal cortex and Primary aldosteronism

Renin–angiotensin system

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), or renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance.

See Adrenal cortex and Renin–angiotensin system

Secondary sex characteristic

A secondary sex characteristic is a physical characteristic of an organism that is related to or derived from its sex, but not directly part of its reproductive system.

See Adrenal cortex and Secondary sex characteristic

Steroid

A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

See Adrenal cortex and Steroid

Steroid 11β-hydroxylase

Steroid 11β-hydroxylase, also known as steroid 11β-monooxygenase, is a steroid hydroxylase found in the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex.

See Adrenal cortex and Steroid 11β-hydroxylase

Sulfotransferase

In biochemistry, sulfotransferases (SULTs) are transferase enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group from a donor molecule to an acceptor alcohol or amine.

See Adrenal cortex and Sulfotransferase

Testicle

A testicle or testis (testes) is the male gonad in all bilaterians, including humans.

See Adrenal cortex and Testicle

Testosterone

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males.

See Adrenal cortex and Testosterone

Zona fasciculata

The zona fasciculata (sometimes, fascicular or fasciculate zone) constitutes the middle and also the widest zone of the adrenal cortex, sitting directly beneath the zona glomerulosa. Adrenal cortex and zona fasciculata are adrenal gland.

See Adrenal cortex and Zona fasciculata

Zona glomerulosa

The zona glomerulosa (sometimes, glomerular zone) of the adrenal gland is the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex, lying directly beneath the renal capsule. Adrenal cortex and zona glomerulosa are adrenal gland.

See Adrenal cortex and Zona glomerulosa

Zona reticularis

The zona reticularis (sometimes, reticulate zone) is the innermost layer of the adrenal cortex, lying deep to the zona fasciculata and superficial to the adrenal medulla. Adrenal cortex and zona reticularis are adrenal gland.

See Adrenal cortex and Zona reticularis

11-Deoxycorticosterone

11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), or simply deoxycorticosterone, also known as 21-hydroxyprogesterone, as well as desoxycortone (INN), deoxycortone, and cortexone, is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone.

See Adrenal cortex and 11-Deoxycorticosterone

11-Deoxycortisol

11-Deoxycortisol, also known as cortodoxone (INN), cortexolone as well as 17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone or 17α,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is an endogenous glucocorticoid steroid hormone, and a metabolic intermediate toward cortisol.

See Adrenal cortex and 11-Deoxycortisol

3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-4 isomerase (3β-HSD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of the steroid progesterone from pregnenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone from 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and androstenedione from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the adrenal gland.

See Adrenal cortex and 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

See also

Adrenal gland

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortex

Also known as Adrenocortical, Adrenocortical cell, Adrenocortical cells, Cortical portion, Fascicular layer, Glomerular layer, Reticular layer, Suprarenal cortex.

, Testosterone, Zona fasciculata, Zona glomerulosa, Zona reticularis, 11-Deoxycorticosterone, 11-Deoxycortisol, 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.